% Verbal description for system CT2 (CT2_desc.tex)
% Generated by MTT on Thu Dec 4 16:00:14 GMT 1997.

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% %% $Id$
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% %% Revision 1.1  1997/12/07 20:29:56  peterg
% %% Initial revision
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   The acausal bond graph of system \textbf{CT2} is
   displayed in Figure \Ref{CT2_abg} and its label
   file is listed in Section \Ref{sec:CT2_lbl}.
   The subsystems are listed in Section \Ref{sec:CT2_sub}.

\textbf{CT2} is a two port thermal capacitor representing an ideal
heat engine converting heat to work without energy loss. There are two
ports {\bf [in]} (with covariables Temperature (absolute) and
entropy flow) and {\bf [out]} with covariables Pressure and rate of
change of volume. 

Rather than using the corresponding (nonlinear) Constitutive
Relationship (with entropy and volume as states) directly, the
component is built up from a {\em linear\/} two-port capacitor with
internal energy and volume as states. The {\bf ES} component provides
the conversion from the pseudo Bond Graph with temperature (relative)
and enthalpy flow as covariables to the true Bond Graph with with
covariables Temperature (absolute) and entropy flow.

The power-sensor {\bf PS} component is used to subtract the work enrgy
from the internal energy.

#FIG 3.2
Portrait
Center
Metric
A4      
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 2026 3151 3601 3151 3376 3376
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 5176 3151 6751 3151 6526 3376
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 2
	 6751 2926 6751 3376
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 2
	 2026 2926 2026 3376
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 2
	 7425 2925 7425 3375
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 7426 3150 9001 3150 8776 3375
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 6975 2924 6975 1349 7200 1574
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 5176 1125 6751 1125 6526 1350
2 4 0 2 31 7 1 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5
	 10350 4950 675 4950 675 450 10350 450 10350 4950
4 1 4 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 240 795 3601 2926 [Heat]\001
4 1 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 285 1440 4411 3241 Cycle:cycle\001
4 1 4 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 255 900 5176 2926 [Work]\001
4 2 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 210 945 1936 3241 Sf:Heat\001
4 1 1 1 0 3 20 0.0000 4 210 735 2655 3465 dS/dT\001
4 1 1 1 0 3 20 0.0000 4 195 180 2700 2925 T\001
4 1 1 1 0 3 20 0.0000 4 195 180 6120 2925 P\001
4 1 1 1 0 3 20 0.0000 4 210 765 5985 3465 dV/dT\001
4 0 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 210 1080 9091 3241 Se:Work\001
4 1 1 1 0 3 30 0.0000 4 405 2160 5535 4500 Diesel cycle\001
4 1 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 195 150 7066 3241 1\001
4 0 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 195 825 6930 1215 FMR:r\001
4 1 4 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 255 750 6705 945 [mod]\001
4 2 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 210 1170 5085 1215 Sf:Switch\001

% Verbal description for system DieselCycle (DieselCycle_desc.tex)
% Generated by MTT on Thu Dec 4 15:59:55 GMT 1997.

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% %% Version control history
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% %% $Id$
% %% $Log$
% Revision 1.1  1997/12/09  12:30:26  peterg
% Initial revision
%
% Revision 1.1  1997/12/08  09:37:04  peterg
% Initial revision
%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

   The acausal bond graph of system \textbf{DieselCycle} is
   displayed in Figure \Ref{DieselCycle_abg} and its label
   file is listed in Section \Ref{sec:DieselCycle_lbl}.
   The subsystems are listed in Section \Ref{sec:DieselCycle_sub}.


The Diesel cycle is a simple closed thermodynamic cycle with four parts:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Isentropic compression
\item Heating at constant pressure
\item Isentropic expansion
\item Cooling at constant volume
\end{enumerate}

The subsystem \textbf{Cycle} (Section \Ref{sec:Cycle}) is a two-port
component describing an ideal gas. It has two energy ports which, with
integral causality correspond to
\begin{enumerate}
\item Entropy flow in; temperature out
\item Volume rate of change in; pressure out
\end{enumerate}

In contast to the Otto cycle (see Table
\Ref{tab:cycles} where each table entry gives the causality on the
heat and work ports respectively). The ideal Diesel cycle has
derivative causality on the {\bf [Work]} port for one part of the
cycle.

To avoid this causality change, the Diesel cycle is approximated by
applying the volume change from a pressure source via a resistance
{\bf R} component. During the {\em heat injection\/} part of the
cycle, the resistance parameter $r\approx 0$, but during the other parts of
the cycle, the resistance parameter $r\approx \inf$.

The simulation parameters appear in Section
\Ref{sec:DieselCycle_numpar.txt}. The results are plotted against time
as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item Volume (Figure \Ref{fig:DieselCycle_odeso.ps-DieselCycle-cycle-V})
\item Pressure (Figure
\Ref{fig:DieselCycle_odeso.ps-DieselCycle-cycle-P})
\item Entropy (Figure \Ref{fig:DieselCycle_odeso.ps-DieselCycle-cycle-S})
\item Temperature (Figure
\Ref{fig:DieselCycle_odeso.ps-DieselCycle-cycle-T})
\end{itemize}

These values are replotted as the standard PV and TS diagrams in
Figures
\Ref{fig:DieselCycle_odeso.ps-DieselCycle-cycle-V:DieselCycle-cycle-P}
and
\Ref{fig:DieselCycle_odeso.ps-DieselCycle-cycle-S:DieselCycle-cycle-T}
respectively.

# Numerical parameter file (DieselCycle_input.txt)
# Generated by MTT at Thu Dec  4 11:17:09 GMT 1997

# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
# %% Version control history
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# %% $Id$
# %% $Log$
# %% Revision 1.1  2000/12/28 18:15:21  peterg
# %% To RCS
# %%
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


# Set the inputs
if ((t>=0.0)&&(t<1.0))		#Compression
  dieselcycle__Heat__u = 0.0;	# Entropy flow
  dieselcycle__switch__u = 1/big; # Large R to make a flow source 
  dieselcycle__Work__u = 0.8/big;	#- Volume rate-of-change
endif;

if ((t>=1.0)&&(t<2.0))		#Heating
  TopPressure = (gamma_g-1)*(x(1)/x(2))
  dieselcycle__Heat__u = 1000;	# Entropy flow
  dieselcycle__switch__u = big; # small r constant pressure
  dieselcycle__Work__u = TopPressure; # Pressure source
  Volume = x(4);
endif;

if ((t>=2.0)&&(t<3.0))		#Expansion
  dieselcycle__Heat__u = 0.0;	# Entropy flow
  dieselcycle__switch__u = 1/big; # Large R to make a flow source 
  dieselcycle__Work__u = -(1-Volume)*big; # Volume rate-of-change
endif;

if (t>=3.0)			#Cooling
  Pressure = (gamma_g-1)*x(1)/x(2);
  dieselcycle__Heat__u = -1000*(Pressure>1e5);	# Entropy flow
  dieselcycle__switch__u = 1/big; # Large R to make a flow source 
  dieselcycle__Work__u = 0.0;	# Zero volume rate-of-change
endif;

#SUMMARY DieselCycle:a simple closed thermodynamic cycle
#DESCRIPTION The Diesel cycle is a simple closed thermodynamic cycle
#DESCRIPTION with four parts:
#DESCRIPTION o Isentropic compression
#DESCRIPTION o Heating at constant pressure
#DESCRIPTION o Isentropic expansion
#DESCRIPTION o Cooling at constant volume
  
#PAR P_0
#PAR T_0
#PAR V_0
#PAR S_0
#PAR U_0
#PAR big

### NB TopPressure should be computed within input.txt !!!
#PAR TopPressure
#PAR Volume
#PAR Pressure

#NOTPAR ideal_gas

## Label file for system DieselCycle (DieselCycle_lbl.txt)

# ###############################################################
# ## Version control history
# ###############################################################
# ## $Id$
# ## $Log$
# ## Revision 1.2  2000/12/28 18:15:21  peterg
# ## To RCS
# ##
# ## Revision 1.1  1998/07/21 15:25:50  peterg
# ## Initial revision
# ##
# ###############################################################

## Each line should be of one of the following forms:
#	a comment (ie starting with #)
#	Component-name	CR_name	arg1,arg2,..argn
#	blank



# Component type Cycle
	cycle	none	ideal_gas;c_v;gamma_g;m_g	

# Component type R
	r		lin	flow,1

# Component type Sf
	Heat	SS	external

# Component type Se
	Work	SS	external

# Component type Sf
	Switch	SS	external

# Numerical parameter file (DieselCycle_numpar.txt)
# Generated by MTT at Thu Dec  4 11:44:46 GMT 1997

# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
# %% Version control history
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
# %% $Id$
# %% $Log$
# %% Revision 1.1  2000/12/28 18:15:21  peterg
# %% To RCS
# %%
# %% Revision 1.1  1998/03/04 11:45:49  peterg
# %% Initial revision
# %%
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

big = 1e5;			# Large number

# Initial states -- needed to choose an approppriate mass
P_0 = 1e5;
V_0 = 1;
T_0 = 300;

# Parameters
c_v = 	718.0;			# Parameter c_v for CU
gamma_g = 1.4;			# Parameter gamma_g for CU
m_g = 	P_0*V_0/(T_0*(gamma_g-1)*c_v);# Parameter m for CU

## Removed by MTT on Wed Aug  6 17:32:59 BST 2003: pressure	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:31:21 BST 2003
s_0	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:31:21 BST 2003
## Removed by MTT on Wed Aug  6 17:32:59 BST 2003: ## Removed by MTT on Wed Aug  6 17:32:59 BST 2003: toppressure	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:31:21 BST 2003
u_0	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:31:21 BST 2003
## Removed by MTT on Wed Aug  6 17:32:59 BST 2003: volume	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:31:21 BST 2003
pressure	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:36:47 BST 2003
toppressure	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:36:47 BST 2003
volume	= 1.0; # Added by MTT on Wed Aug 06 17:36:47 BST 2003

# Outline report file for system DieselCycle (DieselCycle_rep.txt)

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %% Version control history
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% %% $Id$
% %% $Log$
% %% Revision 1.2  1999/12/21 23:57:08  peterg
% %% Compiled version
% %%
% %% Revision 1.1  1999/02/21 02:15:29  peterg
% %% Initial revision
% %%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

mtt -o -ss DieselCycle abg tex
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle struc tex
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle ode tex
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle ss tex

mtt -o -ss DieselCycle numpar txt
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle input txt

mtt -o -ss DieselCycle odeso ps 'DieselCycle__cycle__V'
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle odeso ps 'DieselCycle__cycle__P'
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle odeso ps 'DieselCycle__cycle__S'
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle odeso ps 'DieselCycle__cycle__T'
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle odeso ps 'DieselCycle__cycle__V:DieselCycle__cycle__P'
mtt -o -ss DieselCycle odeso ps 'DieselCycle__cycle__S:DieselCycle__cycle__T'

%% Simulation parameters for system DieselCycle (DieselCycle_simpar.txt)

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LAST=4.0
DT=0.01
STEPFACTOR=10

% Steady-state parameter file (DieselCycle_sspar.r)
% Generated by MTT at Wed Mar  4 11:02:40 GMT 1998

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% % Version control history
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% % $Id$
% % $Log$
% % Revision 1.1  2000/12/28 18:15:21  peterg
% % To RCS
% %
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% Set a pressure of 1 bar
%P_0 := 10^5;

% Unit initial volume
%V_0 := 1;

% Internal energy
U_0 := P_0*V_0/(gamma_g-1);

% Set initial temperature of 300k
%T_0 := 300;

% Deduce the mass of gas
m_g :=  U_0/(T_0*c_v);

% Entropy
S_0 := U_0/T_0;

% Steady-state states
MTTX1 := 	U_0;         % DieselCycle_cycle_gas (c)
MTTX2 := 	V_0;         % DieselCycle_cycle_gas (c)
MTTX3 := 	S_0;         % DieselCycle_cycle_entropy (3)
MTTX4 := 	V_0;         % DieselCycle_cycle_volume (3)

% Steady-state inputs
MTTU1 := 	0; % DieselCycle (Heat)
MTTU2 := 	0; % DieselCycle (Work)
;;END;

#FIG 3.1
Portrait
Center
Metric
1200 2
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 1125 2925 2475 2925 2250 3150
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 3
	 3150 2925 4500 2925 4275 3150
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 2
	 1125 2700 1125 3150
2 1 0 2 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 0 0 2
	 4500 2700 4500 3150
4 1 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 195 600 2790 3015 CU:c\001
4 2 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 195 960 1035 3015 SS:Heat\001
4 0 -1 0 0 0 20 0.0000 4 195 1050 4635 3015 SS:Work\001

% Constitutive relation file for TestCU (TestCU_cr.r)
% Generated by MTT at Sat Jun 27 12:13:42 BST 1998

in "CU_cr.r";
in "lin.cr";
END;

%SUMMARY TestCU
%DESCRIPTION <Detailed description here>
%% Label file for system TestCU (TestCU_lbl.txt)

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% %% Version control history
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% %% $Id$
% %% $Log$
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%% Each line should be of one of the following forms:
%	a comment (ie starting with %)
%	Component-name	CR_name	arg1,arg2,..argn
%	blank



% Component type CU
	c		CU		ideal_gas,c_v,gamma,m

% Component type SS
	Heat		external	external
	Work		external	external

%% Reduce commands to simplify output for system TestCU (TestCU_simp.r)

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% %% Version control history
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% %% $Id$
% %% $Log$
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On Factor;
Off Div;
END;