unix/dltest/*.o
unix/dltest/*.sl
unix/dltest/*.so
unix/tcl.pc
unix/tclIndex
unix/Tcl-Info.plist
unix/Tclsh-Info.plist

unix/pkgs/*
win/Debug*
win/Release*
win/*.manifest

win/pkgs/*
win/coffbase.txt
win/tcl.hpj
win/nmakehlp.out
win/nmhlp-out.txt

jobs:
  gcc:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    strategy:
      matrix:
        config:
          - ""

          - "--disable-shared"
          - "--disable-zipfs"
          - "--enable-symbols"
          - "--enable-symbols=mem"
          - "--enable-symbols=all"
          - "CFLAGS=-ftrapv"
          # Duplicated below

      run:
        shell: msys2 {0}
        working-directory: win
    strategy:
      matrix:
        config:
          - ""

          - "--disable-shared"
          - "--disable-zipfs"
          - "--enable-symbols"
          - "--enable-symbols=mem"
          - "--enable-symbols=all"
    # Using powershell means we need to explicitly stop on failure
    steps:

libtommath/*.tex
macosx/configure
unix/autoMkindex.tcl
unix/dltest.marker
unix/dltest/embtest
unix/tcl.pc
unix/tclIndex

unix/pkgs/*
win/Debug*
win/Release*
win/*.manifest

win/pkgs/*
win/coffbase.txt
win/tcl.hpj
win/nmakehlp.out
win/nmhlp-out.txt

                    GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
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                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
specific requirements.

  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/*






 *	This file is subject to the following copyright notice, which is
 *	different from the notice used elsewhere in Tcl but rougly
 *	equivalent in meaning.
 *
 *	Copyright (c) 1992,1993,1995,1996, Jens-Uwe Mager, Helios Software GmbH
 *	Not derived from licensed software.
 *
 *	Permission is granted to freely use, copy, modify, and redistribute
 *	this software, provided that the author is not construed to be liable
 *	for any results of using the software, alterations are clearly marked
 *	as such, and this notice is not modified.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

/*
 * dlfcn.h --
 *
 *	This file provides a replacement for the header file "dlfcn.h"
 *	on systems where dlfcn.h is missing.  It's primary use is for
 *	AIX, where Tcl emulates the dl library.
 *
 * This is an unpublished work copyright (c) 1992 HELIOS Software GmbH
 * 30159 Hannover, Germany
 */

#ifndef __dlfcn_h__
#define __dlfcn_h__

 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

/*
 * Pseudo-implementation of RFC2553 name / address resolution functions
 *
 * But these functions are not implemented correctly. The minimum subset
 * is implemented for ssh use only. For example, this routine assumes
 * that ai_family is AF_INET. Don't use it for another purpose.

 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

/*
 * Pseudo-implementation of RFC2553 name / address resolution functions
 *
 * But these functions are not implemented correctly. The minimum subset
 * is implemented for ssh use only. For example, this routine assumes
 * that ai_family is AF_INET. Don't use it for another purpose.

/*





 * Copyright (c) 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

/*
 * gettod.c --
 *
 *	This file provides the gettimeofday function on systems
 *	that only have the System V ftime function.
 *
*/

#include "tclPort.h"
#include <sys/timeb.h>

#undef timezone

int

/*
 * mkstemp.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "mkstemp" library routine.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Donal K. Fellows
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
 * string.h --
 *
 *	Declarations of ANSI C library procedures for string handling.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1991-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

#ifndef _STRING
#define _STRING

/*
 * The following #include is needed to define size_t. (This used to include
 * sys/stdtypes.h but that doesn't exist on older versions of SunOS, e.g.

/*
 * strncasecmp.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "strncasecmp" library routine.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

#include "tclPort.h"

/*
 * This array is designed for mapping upper and lower case letter together for
 * a case independent comparison. The mappings are based upon ASCII character
 * sequences.

/*
 * waitpid.c --
 *
 *	This procedure emulates the POSIX waitpid kernel call on BSD systems
 *	that don't have waitpid but do have wait3. This code is based on a
 *	prototype version written by Mark Diekhans and Karl Lehenbauer.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

/*
 * You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
 * Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 * See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
*/

#include "tclPort.h"

#ifndef pid_t
#define pid_t int
#endif

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1998-1999 Scriptics Corporation
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_Access 3 8.1 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_Access, Tcl_Stat \- check file permissions and other attributes
.SH SYNOPSIS

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1989-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_AddErrorInfo 3 8.5 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_GetReturnOptions, Tcl_SetReturnOptions, Tcl_AddErrorInfo, Tcl_AppendObjToErrorInfo, Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo, Tcl_SetObjErrorCode, Tcl_SetErrorCode, Tcl_SetErrorLine, Tcl_GetErrorLine, Tcl_PosixError, Tcl_LogCommandInfo \- retrieve or record information about errors and other return options
.SH SYNOPSIS

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_Alloc 3 9.0 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_Alloc, Tcl_Free, Tcl_Realloc, Tcl_AttemptAlloc, Tcl_AttemptRealloc, Tcl_GetMemoryInfo \- allocate or free heap memory
.SH SYNOPSIS

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1989-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_AllowExceptions 3 7.4 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_AllowExceptions \- allow all exceptions in next script evaluation
.SH SYNOPSIS

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_AppInit 3 7.0 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_AppInit \- perform application-specific initialization
.SH SYNOPSIS

converted. \fBTCL_ENCODING_END\fR signifies that the source buffer is the last
block in a (potentially multi-block) input stream, telling the conversion
routine to perform any finalization that needs to occur after the last
byte is converted and then to reset to an initial state. The
\fBTCL_PROFILE_*\fR bits defined in the \fBPROFILES\fR section below
control the encoding profile to be used for dealing with invalid data or
other errors in the encoding transform.



Some flags bits may not be usable with some functions as noted in the
function descriptions below.
.AP Tcl_EncodingState *statePtr in/out
Used when converting a (generally long or indefinite length) byte stream
in a piece-by-piece fashion.  The conversion routine stores its current
state in \fI*statePtr\fR after \fIsrc\fR (the buffer containing the
current piece) has been converted; that state information must be passed

.PP
.CS
.ta 1.5i
# Encoding file: iso2022-jp, escape-driven
E
init		{}
final		{}
iso8859-1	\ex1b(B
jis0201		\ex1b(J
jis0208		\ex1b$@
jis0208		\ex1b$B
jis0212		\ex1b$(D
gb2312		\ex1b$A
ksc5601		\ex1b$(C
.CE
.PP
In the file, the first column represents an option and the second column
is the associated value.  \fBinit\fR is a string to emit or expect before
the first character is converted, while \fBfinal\fR is a string to emit
or expect after the last character.  All other options are names of
table-based encodings; the associated value is the escape-sequence that
marks that encoding.  Tcl syntax is used for the values; in the above
example, for instance,
.QW \fB{}\fR
represents the empty string and
.QW \fB\ex1b\fR
represents character 27.
.PP
When \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR encounters an encoding \fIname\fR that has not
been loaded, it attempts to load an encoding file called \fIname\fB.enc\fR
from the \fBencoding\fR subdirectory of each directory that Tcl searches
for its script library.  If the encoding file exists, but is
malformed, an error message will be left in \fIinterp\fR.

Encoding profiles define the manner in which errors in the encoding transforms
are handled by the encoding functions. An application can specify the profile
to be used by OR-ing the \fBflags\fR parameter passed to the function
with at most one of \fBTCL_ENCODING_PROFILE_TCL8\fR,
\fBTCL_ENCODING_PROFILE_STRICT\fR or \fBTCL_ENCODING_PROFILE_REPLACE\fR.
These correspond to the \fBtcl8\fR, \fBstrict\fR and \fBreplace\fR profiles
respectively. If none are specified, a version-dependent default profile is used.
The default profile is \fBstrict\fR.
.PP
For details about profiles, see the \fBPROFILES\fR section in
the documentation of the \fBencoding\fR command.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
encoding(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
utf, encoding, convert

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_ObjType 3 9.0 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_RegisterObjType, Tcl_GetObjType, Tcl_AppendAllObjTypes, Tcl_ConvertToType
	,Tcl_FreeInternalRep, Tcl_InitStringRep, Tcl_HasStringRep
	,Tcl_NewObjInterface, Tcl_NewObjType
	, Tcl_StoreInternalRep, Tcl_FetchInternalRep  \- manipulate Tcl value types
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
\fBTcl_RegisterObjType\fR(\fItypePtr\fR)
.sp
const Tcl_ObjType *

.sp
char *
\fBTcl_InitStringRep\fR(\fIobjPtr, bytes, numBytes\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_HasStringRep\fR(\fIobjPtr\fR)
.sp
Tcl_ObjInterface *
Tcl_NewObjInterface()
.sp
Tcl_ObjType *
\fBTcl_NewObjType\fR()
.sp
void
\fBTcl_StoreInternalRep\fR(\fIobjPtr, typePtr, irPtr\fR)
.sp
Tcl_ObjInternalRep *
\fBTcl_FetchInternalRep\fR(\fIobjPtr, typePtr\fR)
.fi
.SH ARGUMENTS

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The procedures in this man page manage Tcl value types (sometimes
referred to as object types or \fBTcl_ObjType\fRs for historical reasons).
They are used to register new value types, look up types,
and force conversions from one type to another.
.PP
\fBTcl_NewObjType\fR allocates a new \fBTcl_ObjType\fR and returns a
pointer to it.
.PP
\fBTcl_NewObjInterface\fR allocates a new \fBTcl_ObjInterface\fR and returns a
pointer to it.
.PP
\fBTcl_ObjTypeSetInterface\fR sets the given \fBTcl_ObjInterface\fB for the
given \fBTcl_ObjType\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_RegisterObjType\fR registers a new Tcl value type
in the table of all value types that \fBTcl_GetObjType\fR
can look up by name.  There are other value types supported by Tcl
as well, which Tcl chooses not to register.  Extensions can likewise
choose to register the value types they create or not.
The argument \fItypePtr\fR points to a Tcl_ObjType structure that

.CE
where the contents are exactly the existing contents of the union in the
\fIinternalRep\fR field of the \fITcl_Obj\fR struct.
This definition permits us to pass internal representations and pointers to
them as arguments and results in public routines.
.SH "THE TCL_OBJTYPE STRUCTURE"
.PP
Extension writers can define new value types by defining procedures for the

funtion types described below.  An extension may also pass to
\fBTcl_RegisterObjType\fR a pointer to a custom Tcl_ObjType structure in order
to permit other extensions to look up the Tcl_ObjType by name with the
\fBTcl_GetObjType\fR routine.  The \fBTcl_ObjType\fR structure is defined as
follows:
.PP
.CS
typedef struct {
    const char *\fIname\fR;
    Tcl_FreeInternalRepProc *\fIfreeIntRepProc\fR;
    Tcl_DupInternalRepProc *\fIdupIntRepProc\fR;
    Tcl_UpdateStringProc *\fIupdateStringProc\fR;
    Tcl_SetFromAnyProc *\fIsetFromAnyProc\fR;
    size_t \fIversion\fR;










} \fBTcl_ObjType\fR;
.CE
.SS "THE NAME FIELD"
.PP
The \fIname\fR member describes the name of the type, e.g. \fBint\fR.
When a type is registered, this is the name used by callers
of \fBTcl_GetObjType\fR to lookup the type.  For unregistered

Note that if a subsidiary value has its reference count reduced to zero
during the running of a \fIfreeIntRepProc\fR, that value may be not freed
immediately, in order to limit stack usage. However, the value will be freed
before the outermost current \fBTcl_DecrRefCount\fR returns.
.SS "THE VERSION FIELD"
.PP
The \fIversion\fR member provides for future extensibility of the
structure and should be set to 0 for compatibility
of ObjType definitions prior to version 9.0. Specifics about versions
will be described further in the sections below.
.SH "OTHER OPERATIONS"
.PP
A procedure for each of the type definitions below may be registered for





applying an operation to the Tcl_Obj value.  For example, if a function of type











\fITcl_ObjInterfaceStringLengthProc\fR is registered, then if provides the
length of the string representation of the value.  If a function of type



\fITcl_ObjInterfaceListLengthProc\fR is registered, then it provides the number
of items in the list represented by the value.  It is not necessary to

implement all procedures.  If a particular procedure is NULL, Tcl attempts

to interpret the value as a type which supports the requested operation.  For
example, to perform a list index operation, The Tcl_Obj may be interpreted as
\fBtclListType\fR if possible.


.PP






See the following typedef lines in




.cs

tcl.h



.ce


for the procedures that may registered.







.RS
list operations

.RS
.CS
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListAllProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListAppendProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListAppendlistProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListContainsProc




Tcl_ObjInterfaceListIndexProc


Tcl_ObjInterfaceListIndexEndProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListIsSortedProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListLengthProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListRangeProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListRangeEndProc







Tcl_ObjInterfaceListReplaceProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListReplaceListProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListReverseProc

Tcl_ObjInterfaceListSetProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceListSetDeepProc
.CE

.RE

string operations

.RS
.CS
Tcl_ObjInterfaceStringIndexProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceStringIndexEndProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceStringIsEmptyProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceStringLengthProc
Tcl_ObjInterfaceStringRangeProc

Tcl_ObjInterfaceStringRangeEndProc
.CE

.RE





.RE






.SH "REFERENCE COUNT MANAGEMENT"
.PP
The \fIobjPtr\fR argument to \fBTcl_AppendAllObjTypes\fR should be an unshared
value; this function will not modify the reference count of that value, but
will modify its contents. If \fIobjPtr\fR is not (interpretable as) a list,
this function will set the interpreter result and produce an error; using an
unshared empty value is strongly recommended.

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Contributions from Don Porter, NIST, 2004. (not subject to US copyright)
'\" Copyright (c) 2018 Nathan Coulter.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_SaveInterpState 3 8.1 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_SaveInterpState, Tcl_RestoreInterpState, Tcl_DiscardInterpState \- Save and restore the
state of an an interpreter.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
Tcl_InterpState
\fBTcl_SaveInterpState\fR(\fIinterp, status\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_RestoreInterpState\fR(\fIinterp, state\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_DiscardInterpState\fR(\fIstate\fR)
.fi
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_InterpState savedPtr
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
The interpreter for the operation.
.AP int status in
The return code for the state.
.AP Tcl_InterpState state in
A token for saved state.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP

These routines save the state of an interpreter before a call to a routine such
as \fBTcl_Eval\fR, and restore the state afterwards.

.PP
\fBTcl_SaveInterpState\fR saves the parts of \fIinterp\fR that comprise the









result of a script, including the resulting value, the return code passed as
\fIstatus\fR, and any options such as \fB\-errorinfo\fR and \fB\-errorcode\fR.


It returns a token for the saved state.  The interpreter result is not reset
and no interpreter state is changed.
.PP
\fBTcl_RestoreInterpState\fR restores the state indicated by \fIstate\fR and


returns the \fIstatus\fR originally passed in the corresponding call to
\fBTcl_SaveInterpState\fR.

.PP






If a saved state is not restored, \fBTcl_DiscardInterpState\fR must be called

to release it.  A token used to discard or restore state must not be used
again.
.SH KEYWORDS
result, state, interp

\fBTcl_TransferResult\fR(\fIsourceInterp, code, targetInterp\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR(\fIinterp, element\fR)
.fi
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_FreeProc sourceInterp out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp out
The interpreter get or set the result for.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
A value to set the result to.
.AP char *result in

The string value set the result to, or to append to the existing result.
.AP "const char" *element in
The string value to append as a list element
to the existing result of \fIinterp\fR.
.AP Tcl_FreeProc *freeProc in
Pointer to a procedure to call to release storage at
\fIresult\fR.

.AP Tcl_Interp *sourceInterp in
The interpreter to transfer the result and return options from.
.AP Tcl_Interp *targetInterp in
The interpreter to transfer the result and return options to.
.AP int code in
Return code value that controls transfer of return options.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
These procedures manipulate the result of an interpreter.  Some procedures
provide a Tcl_Obj interface while others provide a string interface.  For

example, \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR accepts a Tcl_Obj and \fBTcl_SetResult\fR

accepts a char *.  Similarly, \fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR produces a Tcl_Obj * and

\fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR produces a char *.  The procedures can be mixed and

matched.  For example, if \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR is called to set the result to

a Tcl_Obj value, and then \fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR is called, it returns a

char * (but see caveats below).
.PP
\fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR sets \fIobjPtr\fR as the result for \fIinterp\fR,

replacing any existing result.







.PP
\fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR returns the result for \fIinterp\fR, without
incrementing its reference count.



.PP
\fBTcl_SetResult\fR sets \fIresult\fR as the result for \fIinterp\fR, replacing

any existing result, and calls \fIfreeProc\fR to free \fIresult\fR.  See \fBTHE



TCL_FREEPROC ARGUMENT TO TCL_SETRESULT\fR below.  If \fIresult\fR is
\fBNULL\fR, ignores \fIfreeProc\fR and sets the result for \fIinterp\fR to

point to the empty string.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR returns the result for \fIinterp\fR as a string, i.e.

the bytes of the Tcl_Obj for the result, which can be decoded using
\fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR.  This value is freed when its corresponding Tcl_Obj is


freed.Programmers are encouraged to use the newer Tcl_Obj API procedures, e.g.

to call \fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR instead.
.PP
\fBTcl_ResetResult\fR sets the empty string as the result for \fIinterp\fR and






clears the error state managed by \fBTcl_AddErrorInfo\fR,

\fBTcl_AddObjErrorInfo\fR, and \fBTcl_SetErrorCode\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_AppendResult\fR builds up a result from smaller pieces, appending each

\fIresult\fR in order to the current result for \fIinterp\fR.  It may be called





repeatedly as additional pieces of the result are produced, and manages the


storage for the \fIinterp\fR's result, allocating a larger result area if
necessary.  It also manages conversion to and from the \fIresult\fR field of
the \fIinterp\fR to handle backward-compatibility with old-style extensions.

Any number of \fIresult\fR arguments may be passed in a single call; the last
argument in the list must be (char *)NULL.
.PP
\fBTcl_TransferResult\fR transfers interpreter state from \fIsourceInterp\fR to
\fItargetInterp\fR, both of which must have been created in the same thread,



resets the result in \fIsourceInterp\fR, and moves the return options
dictionary as controlled by the return code value \fIcode\fR in the same manner
as \fBTcl_GetReturnOptions\fR.
.PP
If \fIsourceInterp\fR and \fItargetInterp\fR are the same, nothing is done.
.SH "DEPRECATED INTERFACES"
.SS "OLD STRING PROCEDURES"
.PP

The following procedures are deprecated since they manipulate the Tcl result as
a string.  Procedures such as \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR can be significantly more

efficient.
.PP
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR is like \fBTcl_AppendResult\fR, but it appends only one



piece, and also appends that piece as a list item.
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR adds backslashes or braces as necessary to ensure that


\fIelement\fR is properly formatted as a list item.  Under normal conditions,
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR adds a space character to \fIinterp\fR's result just
before adding the new list element, so that the list elements in the result are

properly separated.  However if the new list element is the first item in the
list or sublist (i.e. \fIinterp\fR's current result is empty, or consists of
the single character
.QW { ,
or ends in the characters
.QW " {" )
then no space is added.
.SH "THE TCL_FREEPROC ARGUMENT TO TCL_SETRESULT"
.PP










\fIFreeProc\fR has the following type:


















.PP
.CS
typedef void \fBTcl_FreeProc\fR(
        void *\fIblockPtr\fR);
.CE
.PP
When \fIfreeProc\fR is called, \fIblockPtr\fR is the \fIresult\fR value passed
to \fBTcl_SetResult\fR.



























.SH "SEE ALSO"
Tcl_AddErrorInfo, Tcl_CreateObjCommand, Tcl_SetErrorCode, Tcl_Interp,
Tcl_GetReturnOptions
.SH KEYWORDS
append, command, element, list, value, result, return value, interpreter

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Copyright (c) 2023 Nathan Coulter
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH Tcl n "8.6" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl \- Tool Command Language
.SH SYNOPSIS
Summary of Tcl language syntax.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The following rules define the syntax and semantics of the Tcl language:
.
.IP "[1] \fBScript.\fR"
A script is composed of zero or more commands delimited by semi-colons or
newlines.



.IP "[2] \fBCommand.\fR"
A command is composed of zero or more words delimited by whitespace.  The

replacement for a substitution is included verbatim in the word. For example, a
space in the replacement is included in the word rather than becoming a
delimiter, and \fI\\\\\fR becomes a single backslash in the word.  Each word is
processed from left to right and each substitution is performed as soon as it
is complete.

For example, the command
.RS
.PP
.CS
set y [set x 0][incr x][incr x]

.CE
.PP
is composed of three words, and sets the value of \fIy\fR to \fI012\fR.
.PP
If hash
.PQ #
is the first character of what would otherwise be the first word of a command,
all characters up to the next newline are ignored.
.RE
.
.IP "[3] \fBBraced word.\fR"

If a word is enclosed in braces
.PQ {
and
.PQ } ""
, the braces are removed and the enclosed characters become the word.  No
substitutions are performed.  Nested pairs of braces may occur within the word.
A brace preceded by an odd number of backslashes is not considered part of a
pair, and neither brace nor the backslashes are removed from the word.
.
.IP "[4] \fBQuoted word.\fR"
If a word is enclosed in double quotes
.PQ \N'34'
, the double quotes are removed and the enclosed characters become the word.

Substitutions are performed.
.
.IP "[5] \fBList.\fR"
A list has the form of a single command.  Newline is whitespace, and semicolon
has no special interpretation.  There is no script evaluation so there is no
argument expansion, variable substitution, or command substitution: Dollar-sign


and open bracket have no special interpretation, and what would be argument
expansion in a script is invalid in a list.
.
.IP "[6] \fBArgument expansion.\fR"
If
.QW {*}


prefixes a word, it is removed.  After any remaining enclosing braces or quotes

are processed and applicable substitutions performed, the word, which must
be a list, is removed from the command, and in its place each word in the
list becomes an additional word in the command.  For example,
.CS
cmd a {*}{b [c]} d {*}{$e f {g h}}
.CE
is equivalent to
.CS
cmd a b {[c]} d {$e} f {g h} .


.CE
.
.IP "[7] \fBEvaluation.\fR"
To evaluate a script, an interpreter evaluates each successive command.  The
first word identifies a procedure, and the remaining words are passed to that

procedure for further evaluation.  The procedure interprets each argument in
its own way, e.g. as an integer, variable name, list, mathematical expression,
script, or in some other arbitrary way.  The result of the last command is the






result of the script.

.
.IP "[8] \fBCommand substitution.\fR"
Each pair of brackets
.PQ [
and




.PQ ] ""
encloses a script and is replaced by the result of that script.




.IP "[9] \fBVariable substitution.\fR"
Each of the following forms begins with dollar sign
.PQ $
and is replaced by the value of the identified variable.  \fIname\fR names the
variable and is composed of ASCII letters (\fBA\fR\(en\fBZ\fR and

\fBa\fR\(en\fBz\fR), digits (\fB0\fR\(en\fB9\fR), underscores, or namespace
delimiters (two or more colons).  \fIindex\fR is the name of an individual
variable within an array variable, and may be empty.

.RS
.TP 15
\fB$\fIname\fR
.
\fIname\fR may not be empty.




.TP 15
\fB$\fIname\fB(\fIindex\fB)\fR
.







\fIname\fR may be empty.  Substitutions are performed on \fIindex\fR.
.TP 15
\fB${\fIname\fB}\fR
.


\fIname\fR may be empty.


.TP 15

\fB${\fIname(index)\fB}\fR


.
\fIname\fR may be empty. No substitutions are performed.







.RE
Variables that are not accessible through one of the forms above may be
accessed through other mechanisms, e.g. the \fBset\fR command.
.IP "[10] \fBBackslash substitution.\fR"
Each backslash
.PQ \e

that is not part of one of the forms listed below is removed, and the next

character is included in the word verbatim, which allows the inclusion of
characters that would normally be interpreted, namely whitespace, braces,


brackets, double quote, dollar sign, and backslash.  The following sequences
are replaced as described:
.RS
.RS
.RS
.TP 7
\e\fBa\fR
.
Audible alert (bell) (U+7).
.TP 7
\e\fBb\fR
.
Backspace (U+8).
.TP 7
\e\fBf\fR
.
Form feed (U+C).
.TP 7
\e\fBn\fR
.
Newline (U+A).
.TP 7
\e\fBr\fR
.
Carriage-return (U+D).
.TP 7
\e\fBt\fR
.
Tab (U+9).
.TP 7
\e\fBv\fR
.
Vertical tab (U+B).
.TP 7
\e\fB<newline>\fIwhiteSpace\fR
.
Newline preceded by an odd number of backslashes, along with the consecutive
spaces and tabs that immediately follow it, is replaced by a single space.
Because this happens before the command is split into words, it occurs even

within braced words, and if the resulting space may subsequently be treated as
a word delimiter.
.TP 7
\e\e
.
Backslash
.PQ \e "" .
.TP 7
\e\fIooo\fR
.

Up to three octal digits form an eight-bit value for a Unicode character in the
range \fI0\fR\(en\fI377\fR, i.e. U+0\(enU+FF.  Only the digits that result in a
number in this range are consumed.


.TP 7
\e\fBx\fIhh\fR
.
Up to two hexadecimal digits form an eight-bit value for a Unicode character in


the range \fI0\fR\(en\fIFF\fR.
.TP 7
\e\fBu\fIhhhh\fR
.
Up to four hexadecimal digits form a 16-bit value for a Unicode character in


the range \fI0\fR\(en\fIFFFF\fR.
.TP 7
\e\fBU\fIhhhhhhhh\fR
.
Up to eight hexadecimal digits form a 21-bit value for a Unicode character in

the range \fI0\fR\(en\fI10FFFF\fR.  Only the digits that result in a number in
this range are consumed.

.RE
.RE

























.PP









.RE






.
.SH KEYWORDS
backslash, command, comment, script, substitution, variable
'\" Local Variables:
'\" mode: nroff
'\" fill-column: 78
'\" End:

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2018 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH abstract n 0.3 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
oo::abstract \- a class that does not allow direct instances of itself

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH after n 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
after \- Execute a command after a time delay

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH append n "" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
append \- Append to variable

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH array n 8.7 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
array \- Manipulate array variables

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH bgerror n 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
bgerror \- Command invoked to process background errors

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Copyright (c) 2008 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH binary n 8.0 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
binary \- Insert and extract fields from binary strings
.SH SYNOPSIS

.PP
which returns a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\e254\fR
.CE
.PP
(i.e. \fB\exac\fR) by
truncating the high-bits of the character, and which is probably not
what is desired.
.RE
.IP \fBA\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBa\fR except that spaces are used for
padding instead of nulls.  For example,
.RS

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR B5B* 11100 111000011010
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\exe0\exe1\exa0\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBH\fR 5
Stores a string of \fIcount\fR hexadecimal digits in high-to-low
within each byte in the output binary string.  \fIArg\fR must contain a
sequence of characters in the set
.QW 0123456789abcdefABCDEF .

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR H3H*H2 ab DEF 987
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\exab\ex00\exde\exf0\ex98\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBh\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBH\fR except that the digits are stored in
low-to-high order within each byte. This is seldom required. For example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary format\fR h3h*h2 AB def 987
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\exba\ex00\exed\ex0f\ex89\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBc\fR 5
Stores one or more 8-bit integer values in the output string.  If no
\fIcount\fR is specified, then \fIarg\fR must consist of an integer
value. If \fIcount\fR is specified, \fIarg\fR must consist of a list
containing at least that many integers. The low-order 8 bits of each integer

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR c3cc* {3 -3 128 1} 260 {2 5}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\ex03\exfd\ex80\ex04\ex02\ex05\fR
.CE
.PP
whereas:
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary format\fR c {2 5}
.CE

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR s3 {3 -3 258 1}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\ex03\ex00\exfd\exff\ex02\ex01\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBS\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBs\fR except that it stores one or more
16-bit integers in big-endian byte order in the output string.  For
example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary format\fR S3 {3 -3 258 1}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\ex00\ex03\exff\exfd\ex01\ex02\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBt\fR 5
This form (mnemonically \fItiny\fR) is the same as \fBs\fR and \fBS\fR
except that it stores the 16-bit integers in the output string in the
native byte order of the machine where the Tcl script is running.
To determine what the native byte order of the machine is, refer to

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR i3 {3 -3 65536 1}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\ex03\ex00\ex00\ex00\exfd\exff\exff\exff\ex00\ex00\ex01\ex00\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBI\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBi\fR except that it stores one or more one
or more 32-bit integers in big-endian byte order in the output string.
For example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary format\fR I3 {3 -3 65536 1}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\ex00\ex00\ex00\ex03\exff\exff\exff\exfd\ex00\ex01\ex00\ex00\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBn\fR 5
This form (mnemonically \fInumber\fR or \fInormal\fR) is the same as
\fBi\fR and \fBI\fR except that it stores the 32-bit integers in the
output string in the native byte order of the machine where the Tcl
script is running.

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR f2 {1.6 3.4}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\excd\excc\excc\ex3f\ex9a\ex99\ex59\ex40\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBr\fR 5
This form (mnemonically \fIreal\fR) is the same as \fBf\fR except that
it stores the single-precision floating point numbers in little-endian
order.  This conversion only produces meaningful output when used on
machines which use the IEEE floating point representation (very

.CS
\fBbinary format\fR d1 {1.6}
.CE
.PP
will return a binary string equivalent to:
.PP
.CS
\fB\ex9a\ex99\ex99\ex99\ex99\ex99\exf9\ex3f\fR
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBq\fR 5
This form (mnemonically the mirror of \fBd\fR) is the same as \fBd\fR
except that it stores the double-precision floating point numbers in
little-endian order.  This conversion only produces meaningful output
when used on machines which use the IEEE floating point representation

.QW \fB*\fR ,
then all of the remaining hex digits in \fIstring\fR will be
scanned. If \fIcount\fR is omitted, then one hex digit will be
scanned. For example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary scan\fR \ex07\exC6\ex05\ex1f\ex34 H3H* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB07c\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and
\fB051f34\fR stored in \fIvar2\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBh\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBH\fR, except the digits are taken in

.QW \fB*\fR ,
then all of the remaining bytes in \fIstring\fR will be scanned.  If
\fIcount\fR is omitted, then one 16-bit integer will be scanned.  For
example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary scan\fR \ex05\ex00\ex07\ex00\exf0\exff s2s* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB5 7\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.  Note that the integers returned are signed unless
\fBsu\fR is used in place of \fBs\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBS\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBs\fR except that the data is interpreted
as \fIcount\fR 16-bit integers represented in big-endian byte
order.  For example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary scan\fR \ex00\ex05\ex00\ex07\exff\exf0 S2S* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB5 7\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBt\fR 5
The data is interpreted as \fIcount\fR 16-bit signed integers

.QW \fB*\fR ,
then all of the remaining bytes in \fIstring\fR will be scanned.  If
\fIcount\fR is omitted, then one 32-bit integer will be scanned.  For
example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
set str \ex05\ex00\ex00\ex00\ex07\ex00\ex00\ex00\exf0\exff\exff\exff
\fBbinary scan\fR $str i2i* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB5 7\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.  Note that the integers returned are signed unless
\fBiu\fR is used in place of \fBi\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBI\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBI\fR except that the data is interpreted
as \fIcount\fR 32-bit signed integers represented in big-endian byte
order, or as unsigned if \fBu\fR is placed
immediately after the \fBI\fR.  For example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
set str \ex00\ex00\ex00\ex05\ex00\ex00\ex00\ex07\exff\exff\exff\exf0
\fBbinary scan\fR $str I2I* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB5 7\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBn\fR 5

.QW \fB*\fR ,
then all of the remaining bytes in \fIstring\fR will be scanned.  If
\fIcount\fR is omitted, then one 64-bit integer will be scanned.  For
example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
set str \ex05\ex00\ex00\ex00\ex07\ex00\ex00\ex00\exf0\exff\exff\exff
\fBbinary scan\fR $str wi* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB30064771077\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and
\fB\-16\fR stored in \fIvar2\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBW\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBw\fR except that the data is interpreted
as \fIcount\fR 64-bit signed integers represented in big-endian byte
order, or as unsigned if \fBu\fR is placed
immediately after the \fBW\fR.  For example,
.RS
.PP
.CS
set str \ex00\ex00\ex00\ex05\ex00\ex00\ex00\ex07\exff\exff\exff\exf0
\fBbinary scan\fR $str WI* var1 var2
.CE
.PP
will return \fB2\fR with \fB21474836487\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBm\fR 5

bytes that are scanned may vary.  If the data does not represent a
valid floating point number, the resulting value is undefined and
compiler dependent.  For example, on a Windows system running on an
Intel Pentium processor,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary scan\fR \ex3f\excc\excc\excd f var1
.CE
.PP
will return \fB1\fR with \fB1.6000000238418579\fR stored in
\fIvar1\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBr\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBf\fR except that the data is interpreted

This form is the same as \fBf\fR except that the data is interpreted
as \fIcount\fR double-precision floating point numbers in the
machine's native representation. For example, on a Windows system
running on an Intel Pentium processor,
.RS
.PP
.CS
\fBbinary scan\fR \ex9a\ex99\ex99\ex99\ex99\ex99\exf9\ex3f d var1
.CE
.PP
will return \fB1\fR with \fB1.6000000000000001\fR
stored in \fIvar1\fR.
.RE
.IP \fBq\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBd\fR except that the data is interpreted

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH break n "" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
break \- Abort looping command

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2018 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH callback n 0.3 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
callback, mymethod \- generate callbacks to methods

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Contributions from Don Porter, NIST, 2003.  (not subject to US copyright)
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH catch n "8.5" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
catch \- Evaluate script and trap exceptional returns

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH cd n "" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
cd \- Change working directory

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Donal K. Fellows
'\" Copyright (c) 2021 Nathan Coulter
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2024 Nathan Coulter
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
.TH chan n 8.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
chan \- Reads, writes and manipulates channels.
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBchan \fIprocedure\fR ?\fIarg arg ...\fR?
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
\fBchan\fR provides procedures for reading from, writing to, and
otherwise manipulating channels like those created by \fBopen\fR and

\fBsocket\fR, or the default channels \fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR or \fBstderr\fR
which correspond respectively to the standard input, output, and error streams
of the process.
Available procedures are:
.\" METHOD: blocked
.TP
\fBchan blocked \fIchannel\fR
.
Returns 1 when \fIchannel\fR is non-blocking and the last input operation on
\fIchannel\fR failed because it would have otherwise caused the process to
block, and 0 otherwise.



.\" METHOD: close
.TP
\fBchan close \fIchannel\fR ?\fIdirection\fR?
.
Closes \fIchannel\fR, deleting any existing event handlers established for it,
and returns the empty string.  Once both sides of a \fIchannel\fR are closed,








\fIchannel\fR no-longer exists in the current \fBinterp\fR.
.RS
.PP
If \fIdirection\fR, which may be \fBread\fR or \fBwrite\fR or any unique
abbreviation of those words, is given, closes only that side of \fIchannel\fR.

If \fIchannel\fR is read-write and the write side is closed, it becomes
read-only, or if the read side is closed, it becomes write-only.
.PP
.PP
Discards any buffered input before closing the read side of \fIchannel\fR.
Fully flushes any output before closing the write side of \fIchannel\fR unless

it is non-blocking mode, where it makes \fIchannel\fR unavailable, returns
immediately, and flushes any buffered output the background before actually
closing \fIchannel\fR.
.PP
Returns an error if \fIchannel\fR is blocking and error occurs while flushing
output.  Produces an error in the same manner as \fBexec\fR if a
process in a command pipeline created by \fBopen\fR returns an error (either by
returning a non-zero exit code or writing to its standard error file
descriptor).
.PP

If \fIchannel\fR is a command pipeline and is in blocking mode, waits

for the connected processes to complete before closing \fIchannel\fR.





.PP
Only affects the current interpreter.  If \fIchannel\fR is open in any other
interpreter, its state is unchanged there.  See \fBinterp\fR for a description
of channel sharing.

.PP


Closing one side of a socket or command pipeline may cause the underlying

system resource to be closed or destroyed, along with whatever side-effects
that entails for the process on the other side of the pipeline.
.PP




When the last interpreter sharing a channel is destroyed, the channel is
switched to blocking mode, fully flushed, and then closed.
.PP
Channels are automatically closed when an interpreter is destroyed and
also when the process exits.
From 8.6 on (TIP#398), nonblocking channels are no longer switched to
blocking mode when exiting; this guarantees a timely exit even when the
peer or a communication channel is stalled. To ensure proper flushing of
stalled nonblocking channels on exit, one must now either (a) actively
switch them back to blocking or (b) use the environment variable
\fBTCL_FLUSH_NONBLOCKING_ON_EXIT\fR, which when set and not equal to
.QW \fB0\fR
restores the previous behavior.
.RE
.\" METHOD: configure
.TP
\fBchan configure \fIchannel\fR ?\fIoption\fR? ?\fIvalue\fR? ?\fIoption value\fR?...
.

Sets or gets the configuration of \fIchannel\fR.
.RS
.PP
If no \fIoption\fR or \fIvalue\fR arguments are given, \fBchan configure\fR
returns a dictionary of option names and values for \fIchannel\fR.  If
\fIoption\fR is supplied without a \fIvalue\fR, \fBchan configure\fR returns
the current value that option.  If one or more values are given, \fBchan

configure\fR sets each of the given options to the corresponding \fIvalue\fR
and returns the empty string.
.PP
The following options are supported for all channels. Each type of
channel may provide additional options. Those options are described in the


relevant documentation. For example, additional options are documented for

\fBsocket\fR, and also for serial devices at \fBopen\fR.

.\" OPTION: -blocking
.TP
\fB\-blocking\fI boolean\fR
.
If \fB\-blocking\fR is set to \fBtrue\fR (default), reading from or writing to
\fIchannel\fR may cause the process to block indefinitely.  Otherwise,


operations such as \fBchan gets\fR, \fBchan read\fR, \fBchan puts\fR, \fBchan
flush\fR, and \fBchan close\fR take care not to block.  For non-blocking mode

to work correctly the event loop must be active, e.g. via 
\fBTcl_DoOneEvent\fR or \fBvwait\fR or by using Tk, so that channel events

are processed.
.\" OPTION: -buffering
.TP
\fB\-buffering\fI newValue\fR
.
If \fInewValue\fR is \fBfull\fR, which is the default, output is buffered
until the internal buffer is full or until \fBchan flush\fR is called. If
\fInewValue\fR is \fBline\fR, output is flushed each time a end-of-line

character is written. If \fInewValue\fR is \fBnone\fR, output is flushed after
every output operation.  For \fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR, and channels that

connect to terminal-like devices, the default value is \fBline\fR.  For


\fBstderr\fR the default value is \fBnone\fR.
.\" OPTION: -buffersize
.TP
\fB\-buffersize\fI newSize\fR
.
\fInewSize\fR, an integer no greater than one million, is the size in bytes of
any input or output buffers subsequently allocated for \fIchannel\fR.


.\" OPTION: -encoding
.TP
\fB\-encoding\fR \fIencoding\fR
.
Sets the encoding of \fIchannel\fR to \fIencoding\fR which should be one of the
encodings returned by \fBencoding names\fR.
Input is converted from the encoding into Unicode, and output is converted


from Unicode to the encoding.




.RS
.PP









The encoding of a new channel is the value of \fBencoding system\fR,
which returns the platform- and locale-dependent system encoding used to
interface with the operating system,
.RE
.\" OPTION: -eofchar
.TP
\fB\-eofchar\fI char\fR
.


\fIchar\fR signals the end of the data when it is encountered in the input.
If \fIchar\fR is the empty string, there is no special character that marks
the end of the data.
.RS
.PP
The default value is the empty string.  The acceptable range is \ex01 -
\ex7f.  A value outside this range results in an error.
.RE
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.\" OPTION: -profile
.TP
\fB\-profile\fI profile\fR
.
Indicates the encoding profile to be used on \fIchannel\fR. The encoding
transforms in use for the input and output of \fIchannel\fR will then be
subject to the rules of that profile. Any failures will result in a channel
error. See \fBPROFILES\fR in the \fBencoding(n)\fR documentation for details
about encoding profiles.
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.\" OPTION: -translation
.TP
\fB\-translation\fI translation\fR
.TP
\fB\-translation\fR \fB{\fIinTranslation outTranslation\fB}\fR
.

In Tcl a single line\-feed character (\fBlf\fR) represents the end of a
line.  However, the end of a line of a may be represented differently on
different platforms, or even for different devices on the same platform.  For
example, in UNIX \fBlf\fR is normally used in files, and a carriage-return
character followed by a line-feed character (\fBcrlf\fR) is
normally used in network connections.  Therefore, when decoding, e.g. with
\fBchan gets\fR and \fBchan read\fR, each particular end-of-line representation

is translated into \fBlf\fR for Tcl.  Before encoding, e.g. with \fBchan
puts\fR, each \fBlf\fR is translated to the approprate end\-of\-line
representation for the target.  The default translation setting is \fBauto\fR,
which handles all the common cases.  When needed, \fB\-translation\fR provides
explicit control over the end\-of\-line representation.
.RS
.PP
Returns the input translation if \fIchannel\fR is read\-only, the output

translation if \fIchannel\fR is write\-only, and both the input translation and
the output translation if \fIchannel\fR is read\-write.  When two
translations are given, they indicate the input and output translation

respectively.  When only one translation is given for a read\-write channel, it
is the translation for both input and output.  The following values are
currently supported:
.IP \fBauto\fR

The default.  For input each occurrence of \fBlf\fR, carriage-return character
(\fBcr\fR), or \fBcrlf\fR is translated into \fBlf\fR for Tcl.  For output,


each \fBlf\fR is translated into a the appropriate representation for the


target:  For all Unix variants it is \fBlf\fR, and for all Windows variants it
is \fBcrlf\fR, except that for sockets on all platforms it is \fBcrlf\fR for
both input and output.
.IP \fBbinary\fR
Like \fBlf\fR, prevents end-of-line translation, but also sets \fB\-eofchar\fR
to the empty string to disable it, and sets \fB\-encoding\fR to
\fBiso8859-1\fR.  This one argument fully configures \fIchannel\fR for bytewise
input and output:  Each byte is read from \fIchannel\fR as the Unicode
character having the same value as that byte, and each character written to
\fIchannel\fR is encoded a single byte having the value of the character.  This
makes it possible to treat text as byte values as long as each character in
remains in the range of 0 to 255 so that the correspondance between a character
and a byte is maintained.  For example, A JPEG image can be read from
\fIchannel\fR, manipulated, and then written back to \fIchannel\fR.
.IP \fBcr\fR
The end of a line is encoded as \fBcr\fR.  For input, each \fBcr\fR is


translated to \fBlf\fR, and for output each \fBlf\fR is translated to \fBcr\fR.

.IP \fBcrlf\fR
The end of a line is encoded as a \fBcrlf\fR.  For input, each \fBcrlf\fR is

translated to \fBlf\fR.  For output, each \fBlf\fR is translated to \fBcrlf\fR.


This translation is typically used for network connections, and is also used on
Windows systems.
.IP \fBlf\fR
The end of a line is encoded as \fBlf\fR so no translations occur during either

input or output.  This translation is typically used on UNIX platforms,
.RE
.RE
.\" METHOD: copy
.TP
\fBchan copy \fIinputChan outputChan\fR ?\fB\-size \fIsize\fR? ?\fB\-command \fIcallback\fR?
.
Reads characters from \fIinputChan\fR and writes them to \fIoutputChan\fR until
all characters are copied, blocking until the copy is complete and returning

.QW "channel busy"
error.
.RE
.\" METHOD: create
.TP
\fBchan create \fImode cmdPrefix\fR
.
Creates a new channel, called a \fBreflected\fR channel, with \fIcmdPrefix\fR

as its handler, and returns the name of the channel.  \fBcmdPrefix\fR is the

first words of a command that provides the interface for a \fBrefchan\fR.



.RS
.PP


\fBImode\fR is a list of one or more of the strings
.QW \fBread\fR
or
.QW \fBwrite\fR ,
indicating whether the channel is a read channel, a write channel, or both.

It is an error if the handler does not support the chosen mode.

.PP
The handler is called as needed from the global namespace at the top level, and

command resolution happens there at the time of the call.  If the handler is



renamed or deleted any subsequent attempt to call it is an error, which may
not be able to describe the failure.

.PP

The handler is always called in the interpreter and thread it was created in,
even if the channel was shared with or moved into a different interpreter in a


different thread.  This is achieved through event dispatch, so if the event




loop is not entered, e.g. by calling \fBTcl_DoOneEvent\fR or \fBvwait\fR or
using Tk, the thread performing the channel operation \fIblocks
indefinitely\fR, resulting in deadlock.
.PP
One side of a channel may be in one thread while the other side is in a
different thread, providing a stream-oriented bridge between the threads. This

provides a method for regular stream communication between threads as an
alternative to sending commands.
.PP
When the interpreter the handler is in is deleted each channel associated with

the handler is deleted as well, regardless of which interpreter or thread it




is currently in or shared with.
.PP
\fBchan create\fR is \fBsafe\fR and is accessible to safe interpreters.  The


handler is always called in the safe interpreter it was created in.
.RE
.\" METHOD: eof
.TP
\fBchan eof \fIchannel\fR
.

Returns 1 if the last read on \fIchannel\fR failed because the end of the data
was already reached, and 0 otherwise.
.\" METHOD: event
.TP
\fBchan event \fIchannel event\fR ?\fIscript\fR?
.
Arranges for the given script, called a \fBchannel event handler\fR, to be
called whenever the given event, either
.QW \fBreadable\fR
or
.QW \fBwritable\fR

occurs on \fIchannel\fR, replacing any script that was previously set.  If
\fIscript\fR is the empty string the current handler is deleted.  If
\fIscript\fR is omitted, either the existing script or the empty string is


returned.  For handlers to be processed, the event loop must be entered, e.g.
via \fBvwait\fR or \fBupdate\fR, or by using Tk.
.RS
.PP

\fIscript\fR is evaluated at the global level in the interpreter it was
established in.  Any resulting error is handled in the background, i.e. via
\fBinterp bgerror\fR.  In order to prevent an endless loop due to a buggy
handler, the handler is deleted if \fIscript\fR returns an error so that it is
not evaluated again.


.PP
Without an event handler, \fBchan gets\fR or \fBchan read\fR on \fIchannel\fR in
blocking mode may block until data becomes available, during which the
thread is unable to perform other work or respond to events on other channels.
This could cause the application to appear to
.QW "freeze up"
\&.
Channel event handlers allow events on \fIchannel\fR to direct channel handling
so that the reader or writer can continue to perform other processing while
waiting for a channel to become available and then handle channel operations
when the channel is ready for the operation.
.PP
\fIchannel\fR is considered to be readable if there is unread data
available on the underlying device.  \fIchannel\fR is also considered to
be readable if there is unread data in an input buffer, except in the
special case where the most recent attempt to read from \fIchannel\fR
was a \fBchan gets\fR call that could not find a complete line in the
input buffer.  This feature allows a file to be read a line at a time
in non-blocking mode using events.  A channel is also considered to be
readable if an end of file or error condition is present on the
underlying file or device.  It is important for \fIscript\fR to check
for these conditions and handle them appropriately; for example, if
there is no special check for end of file, an infinite loop may occur
where \fIscript\fR reads no data, returns, and is immediately invoked
again.
.PP
\fIchannel\fR is considered to be writable if at least one byte of data can be
written to the underlying file or device without blocking, or if an error

condition is present. Note that client sockets opened in asynchronous mode
become writable when they become connected or if the connection fails.
.PP
Event-driven channel handling works best for channels in non-blocking mode.  In
blocking mode \fIchannel\fR blocks when \fBchan puts\fR writes more data than

\fIchannel\fR can accept at the moment, and also when \fBchan gets\fR or
\fBchan read\fR requests more data than is currently available.  When
\fIchannel\fR blocks, the thread can not do any other processing or service any
other events.  When \fIchannel\fR is in non-blocking mode a thread may to carry









on with other work and get back to \fIchannel\fR at the right time.
.RE
.\" METHOD: flush
.TP
\fBchan flush \fIchannel\fR
.




If \fIchannel\fR is in blocking mode, flushes all buffered output to the

destination and then returns.  If \fIchannel\fR is non-blocking, returns
immediately while all buffered output is flushed in the background as soon as

possible.

.\" METHOD: gets
.TP
\fBchan gets \fIchannel\fR ?\fIvarName\fR?
.
Reads and returns the characters up to but not including the next end\-of\-line
representation or the end of the input, whichever comes first. If \fIvarName\fR

is given, stores the result in the variable named \fIvarName\fR and returns the
length of the line.  If the line was terminated by the end of the input rather













than an end-of-line representation, a subsequent call to \fBchan eof\fR returns
1.  If more input is needed and \fIchannel\fR is non-blocking, returns the
empty string or if \fIvarName\fR was given returns \-1.


.RS
.PP

If necessary use \fIvarName\fR along with a return value of 0 to determine that

a line is actually empty, as opposed to more input being needed to provide a
complete line.  \fBchan eof\fR can then be used to determine whether more input







is forthcoming.
.PP

Returns an error with the POSIX error code \fBEILSEQ\fR if the encoding profile

for \fIchannel\fR is \fBstrict\fR and a decoding error occurs, in which case
the current position is unchanged and it may be possible to change the encoding
and continue to read the input.  See \fBENCODING ERROR EXAMPLES\fR later.
.RE
.\" METHOD: isbinary
.TP
\fBchan isbinary \fIchannel\fR
.
Returns 1 if \fIchannel\fR is configured as described for \fB-translation
binary\fR, and 0 otherwise.


.\" METHOD: names
.TP
\fBchan names\fR ?\fIpattern\fR?
.
Returns a list of all channel names, or if \fIpattern\fR is given, only those

names that match according to the rules of \fBstring match\fR.
.\" METHOD: pending
.TP
\fBchan pending \fImode channel\fR
.

Returns the number of bytes of input
when \fImode\fR is
.QW\fBinput\fR
, or output when \fImode\fR is
.QW\fBoutput\fR
, that are currently internally buffered for \fIchannel\fR.  Useful in a readable
event callback to impose limits on input line length to avoid a potential
denial-of-service attack where an extremely long line exceeds the available
memory to buffer it.  Returns -1 if \fIchannel\fR was not opened for the mode in
question.
.\" METHOD: pipe
.TP
\fBchan pipe\fR
.
Creates a pipe, i.e. a readable channel and a writable channel, and returns the
names of these channels. Data written to the writable channel can be read from
the readable channel.  Because the pipe is a real system-level pipe, it can be

connected to other processes using redirection.  For example, to redirect
\fBstderr\fR from a subprocess into one channel, and \fBstdout\fR into another,
\fBexec\fR with "2>@" and ">@", each onto the writable side of a pipe, closing

the writable side immediately thereafter so that EOF is signaled on the read
side once the subprocess has closed its output, typically on exit.
.RS
.PP
Due to buffering, data written to one side of a pipe might not immediately
become available on the other side.  Tcl's own buffers can be configured via
\fBchan configure -buffering\fR, but overall behaviour still depends on
operating system buffers outside of Tcl's control. Once the write side of the

channel is closed, any data remaining in the buffers is flushed through to the
read side.  It may be useful to arrange for the connected process to flush at
some point after writing to the channel or to have it use some system-provided
mechanism to configure buffering.  When two pipes are connected to the same
process, one to send data to the process, and one to read data from the
process, a deadlock may occur if the channels are in blocking mode:  If

reading, the channel may block waiting for data that can never come because
buffers are only flushed on subsequent writes, and if writing, the channel may
block while waiting for the buffers to become free, which can never happen
because the reader can not read while the writer is blocking.  To avoid this
issue, either put the channels into non-blocking mode and use event handlers,
or place the read channel and the write channel in separate interpreters in
separate threads.
.RE
.\" METHOD: pop
.TP
\fBchan pop \fIchannel\fR
.
Removes the topmost transformation handler from \fIchannel\fR if there is one,

and closes \fIchannel\fR otherwise. The result is normally the empty string,
but may be an error in some situations, e.g. when closing the underlying
resource results in an error.
.\" METHOD: postevent
.TP
\fBchan postevent \fIchannel eventSpec\fR
.
For use by handlers established with \fBchan create\fR.  Notifies Tcl that

that one or more event(s) listed in \fIeventSpec\fR, each of which is either
.QW\fBread\fR
or
.QW\fBwrite\fR.

, have occurred.
.RS
.PP
For use only by handlers for \fIchannel\fR which must have been created by
\fBchan create\fR.  It is an error to post an event for any other kind of

channel.
.PP



Since only the handlers for a reflected channel should post events it is
an error to post an event from any interpreter other than the interpreter that

created the channel.
.PP


It is an error to post an event that \fIchannel\fR has no interest in.  See
\fBwatch\fR in the \fBrefchan\fR documentation for more information

.PP




\fBchan postevent\fR is available in safe interpreters, as any handler for a
reflected channel would have been created, and will be evaluated in that
interpreter as well.
.RE
.\" METHOD: push
.TP
\fBchan push \fIchannel cmdPrefix\fR
.
Adds a new transformation handler on top of \fIchannel\fR and returns a handle

for the transformation.  \fIcmdPrefix\fR is the first words of a command that
provides the interface documented for \fBtranschan\fR, and transforms data on


\fIchannel\fR, It is an error if handler does not support the mode(s)
\fIchannel\fR is in.

.\" METHOD: puts
.TP
\fBchan puts\fR ?\fB\-nonewline\fR? ?\fIchannel\fR? \fIstring\fR
.
Writes \fIstring\fR and a line feed to \fIchannel\fR.  If \fB\-nonewline\fR is
given, the trailing line feed is not written. The default channel is


\fBstdout\fR.
.RS
.PP
Each line feed in the output is translated to the appropriate end of line

sequence as per the \fB\-translation\fR configuration setting of \fIchannel\fR.



.PP
Because Tcl internally buffers output, characters written to \fIchannel\fR may not
immediately be available at the destination.  Tcl normally delays output until
the buffer is full or \fIchannel\fR is closed. \fBchan flush\fR forces output in


the direction of the destination.
.PP
If \fIchannel\fR is in blocking mode and the write buffer fills up, blocks

until space in the buffer is available again. If \fIchannel\fR is in 

non-blocking mode, returns immediately and the data is written in the
background as fast possible, constrained by the speed at which the
destination accepts it. Data written to a channel in non-blocking mode can only
actually be written to the underlying resource when the application enters the
event loop so that channel events can be processed. When a channel is in


non-blocking mode, Tcl's internal buffers can hold an arbitrary amount of data,
possibly consuming a large amount of memory. To avoid wasting memory, channels
in non-blocking mode should normally be handled using \fBchan event\fR, where
the application only invokes \fBchan puts\fR after being notified through a
file event handler that the channel is ready for more output data.
.PP
Returns an error with POSIX error code \fBEILSEQ\fR if the encoding profile of

\fIchannel\fR is \fBstrict\fR and the data cannot be encoded in the encoding
for the channel. The data that were successfully encoded up to the point of
error may be written to the channel.
.RE
.\" METHOD: read
.TP
\fBchan read \fIchannel\fR ?\fInumChars\fR?
.TP
\fBchan read \fR?\fB\-nonewline\fR? \fIchannel\fR
.
Reads and returns the next \fInumChars\fR characters from \fIchannel\fR. If

\fInumChars\fR is omitted, all available characters up to the end of the file
are read, or if \fIchannel\fR is in non-blocking mode, all currently-available
characters are read.  If there is an error on \fIchannel\fR, reading ceases and
an error is returned.  If \fInumChars\fR is not given, \fB\-nonewline\fR
may be given, causing any trailing line feed to be trimmed.

.RS
.PP
If \fIchannel\fR is in non-blocking mode, fewer characters than requested may be


returned.  If \fIchannel\fR is configured to use a multi-byte encoding, bytes

that do not form a complete character are retained in the buffers until enough
bytes to complete the character accumulate, or the end of the data is reached.
\fB\-nonewline\fR is ignored if characters are returned before reaching the end
of the file.
.PP
Each end-of-line sequence according to the value of \fB\-translation\fR is
translated into a line feed.


.PP
When reading from a serial port, most applications should configure the channel



to be in non-blocking mode, but not necessarily use an event handler since most



serial ports are comparatively slow.  It is entirely possible to get a
\fBreadable\fR event for each individual character.  In blocking mode, \fBchan
read\fR blocks forever when reading to the end of the data if there is no









\fBchan configure -eofchar\fR configured for the channel.


.PP
If the encoding profile for \fIchannel\fR is \fBstrict\fR, raises an exception
with the POSIX error code \fBEILSEQ\fR if a decoding error is encountered when

reading. If \fIchannel\fR is blocking , advances the file pointer to the
beginning of the invalid input and returns the error. The input that was
successfully-decoded up to the first byte that resulted in an error is
available in as the \fB\-result read\fR entry in the error option dictionary.
If \fIchannel\fR is in non-blocking mode, returns the successfully-decoded

input.  A subsequent read starts at the position of the invalid data
and raises a \fBEILSEQ\fR POSIX error exception. Unlike the blocking channel
case, the \fB\-result read\fR key is not present in the error option
dictionary. It may be possible to change the encoding for \fIchannel\fR in

order to read the input that previously resulted in the decoding error. See
\fBENCODING ERROR EXAMPLES\fR later.

.RE .\" METHOD: seek
.TP
\fBchan seek \fIchannel offset\fR ?\fIorigin\fR?
.
Sets the current position in \fIchannel\fR to integer \fIoffset\fR
bytes relative to \fIorigin\fR.  A negative offset moves the current position
backwards from the origin.  \fIorigin\fR is one of the
following:
.RS
.IP \fBstart\fR
The origin is the start of the data.  This is the default.

.IP \fBcurrent\fR
The origin is the current position.


.IP \fBend\fR



The origin is the end of the data.
.PP


\fBChan seek\fR flushes all buffered output even if \fIchannel\fR is in

non-blocking mode, discards any buffered and unread input, and returns the

empty string or an error if \fIchannel\fR does not support seeking.
.PP
\fIoffset\fR values are byte offsets, not character offsets.  Unlike \fBchan
read\fR, both \fBchan seek\fR and \fBchan tell\fR operate in terms of bytes,
not characters,
.RE
.\" METHOD: tell
.TP
\fBchan tell \fIchannel\fR
.

Returns the offset in bytes of the current position in the underlying data, or
-1 if \fIchannel\fR does not support seeking. The value can be passed to \fBchan
seek\fR to set current position to that offset.


.\" METHOD: truncate
.TP
\fBchan truncate \fIchannel\fR ?\fIlength\fR?
.

Flushes \fIchannel\fR and truncates the data in \fIchannel\fR to \fIlength\fR
bytes, or to the current position in bytes if \fIlength\fR is omitted.

.
.SH EXAMPLES
.SS "SIMPLE CHANNEL OPERATION EXAMPLES"
.PP
Instruct Tcl to always send output to \fBstdout\fR immediately,
whether or not it is to a terminal:
.PP

    chan puts "[incr lineNumber]: $line"
}
chan close $chan
.CE
.PP
In this example illustrating event driven reads,
\fBGetData\fR will be called with the channel as an
argument whenever $chan becomes readable. The \fBread\fR call
reads whatever characters are currently available without blocking. Each
individual byte is interpreted as the corresponding Unicode character.
Here the channel has the fileevent removed when an end of file
occurs to avoid being continually called (see above). Alternatively
the channel may be closed on this condition.
.PP
.CS
proc GetData chan {
    set data [chan read $chan]
    chan puts "[string length $data] $data"
    if {[chan eof $chan]} {
        chan event $chan readable {}
    }
}

.CE
.PP
A network server that echoes its input line-by-line without
preventing servicing of other connections at the same time:
.PP
.CS
# This is a very simple logger...
proc log message {
    \fBchan puts\fR stdout $message
}

# This is called whenever a new client connects to the server
proc connect {chan host port} {
    set clientName [format <%s:%d> $host $port]
    log "connection from $clientName"

    lappend words {*}[join [scan $line %d%d%d]]
}

# Those words supply the size of the image and its
# overall depth per channel. Assign to variables.
lassign $words xSize ySize depth

# Now switch to binary mode to read each byte as a character, where each
# character corresponds to one pixel (red,green, or blue).
\fBchan configure\fR $f -translation binary
set numDataBytes [expr {3 * $xSize * $ySize}]
set data [chan read $f $numDataBytes]

close $f
.CE
.SS "FILE SEEK EXAMPLES"

# $data1 eq $data2 if the file wasn't updated
.CE
.PP
Read the last 10 bytes from a file:
.PP
.CS
set f [open file.data]
# -translation binary guarantees no decoding errors since each possible value
# of a byte corresponds to a character.  Most other encodings could report a
# decoding error.
chan configure $f -translation binary
\fBchan seek\fR $f -10 end
set data [chan read $f 10]
chan close $f
.CE
.PP
Read a line from a file channel only if it starts with \fBfoobar\fR:

during channel input. First, creation of a test file containing
the invalid UTF-8 sequence (\fBA \\xC3 B\fR):
.PP
.CS
% set f [open test_A_195_B.txt wb]; chan puts -nonewline $f A\\xC3B; chan close $f
.CE
.PP
An attempt to read the file results in an encoding error which is
then introspected by switching the channel to binary mode. In the
example, when the error is reported the file position remains
unchanged so that the \fBchan gets\fR would later return the
full line if called.
.PP
.CS
% set f [open test_A_195_B.txt r]
file384b6a8
% chan configure $f -encoding utf-8 -profile strict
% catch {chan gets $f} e d
1
% set d
-code 1 -level 0
-errorstack {INNER {invokeStk1 gets file384b6a8}}
-errorcode {POSIX EILSEQ {invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character}}
-errorinfo {...} -errorline 1
% chan tell $f
0
% chan configure $f -translation binary -profile strict
% chan gets $f
AÃB
.CE
.PP
The following example is similar to the above but demonstrates recovery after a
blocking read. The successfully decoded data "A" is returned in the error options
dictionary key \fB\-result read\fR. The file position is advanced on the encoding error
position 1. The data at the error position is thus recovered by the next
\fBchan read\fR command.
.PP
.CS
% set f [open test_A_195_B.txt r]
file35a65a0
% chan configure $f -encoding utf-8 -profile strict -blocking 1
% catch {chan read $f} e d
1
% set d
-result {read A} -code 1 -level 0
-errorstack {INNER {invokeStk1 read file35a65a0}}
-errorcode {POSIX EILSEQ {invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character}}
-errorinfo {...} -errorline 1
% chan tell $f
1
% chan configure $f -translation binary -profile strict
% chan read $f
ÃB
% chan close $f
.CE
.PP
Finally the same example, but this time with a non-blocking channel.
.PP
.CS
% set f [open test_A_195_B.txt r]
file35a65a0
% chan configure $f -encoding utf-8 -profile strict -blocking 0
% chan read $f
A
% chan tell $f
1
% catch {chan read $f} e d
1
% set d

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2007 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH class n 0.1 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
oo::class \- class of all classes

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Andreas Kupries
'\" Copyright (c) 2018 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH classvariable n 0.3 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
classvariable \- create link from local variable to variable in class

'\"
'\" Generated from file './doc/clock.dt' by tcllib/doctools with format 'nroff'
'\" Copyright (c) 2004 Kevin B. Kenny <kennykb@acm.org>. All rights reserved.
'\" Copyright (c) 2024 Nathan Coulter.
'\"
.TH "clock" n 8.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
clock \- Obtain and manipulate dates and times
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.nf
package require \fBTcl 8.5-\fR

\fBclock add\fI timeVal\fR ?\fIcount unit...\fR? ?\fI\-option value\fR?
\fBclock classic\fR \fI...\fR
\fBclock clicks\fR ?\fI\-option\fR?
\fBclock format\fI timeVal\fR ?\fI\-option value\fR...?
\fBclock microseconds\fR
\fBclock milliseconds\fR
\fBclock scan\fI inputString\fR ?\fI\-option value\fR...?
\fBclock seconds\fR
.fi

.TP
\fBclock add\fI timeVal\fR ?\fIcount unit...\fR? ?\fI\-option value\fR?
.
Adds a (possibly negative) offset to a time that is expressed as an
integer number of seconds.  See \fBCLOCK ARITHMETIC\fR for a full description.
.\" METHOD: clicks
.TP
\fBclock classic\fR \fI...\fR
.
See the documentation for clock in Tcl version 8.6.
.TP
\fBclock clicks\fR ?\fI\-option\fR?
.
If no \fI\-option\fR argument is supplied, returns a high-resolution
time value as a system-dependent integer value.  The unit of the value
is system-dependent but should be the highest resolution clock available
on the system such as a CPU cycle counter.
See \fBHIGH RESOLUTION TIMERS\fR for a full description.

1 January 1970, 00:00 UTC.  Note that the count of seconds does not
include any leap seconds; seconds are counted as if each UTC day has
exactly 86400 seconds.  Tcl responds to leap seconds by speeding or
slowing its clock by a tiny fraction for some minutes until it is
back in sync with UTC; its data model does not represent minutes that
have 59 or 61 seconds.
.TP









\fIunit\fR
.
One of the words, \fBseconds\fR, \fBminutes\fR, \fBhours\fR,
\fBdays\fR, \fBweekdays\fR, \fBweeks\fR, \fBmonths\fR, or \fByears\fR.
Used in conjunction with \fIcount\fR to identify an interval of time,
for example, \fI3 seconds\fR or \fI1 year\fR.
.SS "OPTIONS"

.TP
\fB\-format\fR format
.
Specifies the desired output format for \fBclock format\fR or the
expected input format for \fBclock scan\fR.  The \fIformat\fR string consists
of any number of characters other than the per-cent sign
.PQ \fB%\fR
interspersed with any number of \fIformat groups\fR, which are two-character
sequences beginning with the per-cent sign.  The permissible format groups,
and their interpretation, are described under \fBFORMAT GROUPS\fR.
.RS
.PP
On \fBclock format\fR, the default format is
.PP
.CS

.IP [1]
the environment variable \fBTCL_TZ\fR.
.IP [2]
the environment variable \fBTZ\fR.
.IP [3]
on Windows systems, the time zone settings from the Control Panel.
.RE









.PP
If none of these is present, the C \fBlocaltime\fR and \fBmktime\fR
functions are used to attempt to convert times between local and
Greenwich.  On 32-bit systems, this approach is likely to have bugs,
particularly for times that lie outside the window (approximately the
years 1902 to 2037) that can be represented in a 32-bit integer.
.SH "CLOCK ARITHMETIC"

.PP
The date is determined according to the fields that are present in the
preprocessed format string.  In order of preference:
.IP [1]
If the string contains a \fB%s\fR format group, representing
seconds from the epoch, that group is used to determine the date.
.IP [2]
If the string contains a \fB%J\fR format group, representing

the Julian Day Number, that group is used to determine the date.



.IP [3]
If the string contains a complete set of format groups specifying
century, year, month, and day of month; century, year, and day of year;
or ISO8601 fiscal year, week of year, and day of week; those groups are
combined and used to determine the date.  If more than one complete
set is present, the one at the rightmost position in the string is
used.

in the same day, once without and once with Daylight Saving Time.
If this situation occurs, the first occurrence of the time is chosen.
(For this reason, it is wise to have the input string contain the
time zone when converting local times.  This caveat does not apply to
UTC times.)
.PP
If the interpretation of the groups yields an impossible time because


a field is out of range, enough of that field's unit will be added to
or subtracted from the time to bring it in range. Thus, if attempting to
scan or format day 0 of the month, one day will be subtracted from day
1 of the month, yielding the last day of the previous month.
.PP
If the interpretation of the groups yields an impossible time because
a Daylight Saving Time change skips over that time, or an ambiguous
time because a Daylight Saving Time change skips back so that the clock

On output, produces the string \fBB.C.E.\fR or \fBC.E.\fR, or a
string of the same meaning in the locale, to indicate whether \fB%Y\fR refers
to years before or after Year 1 of the Common Era.  On input, accepts
the string \fBB.C.E.\fR, \fBB.C.\fR, \fBC.E.\fR, \fBA.D.\fR, or the
abbreviation appropriate to the current locale, and uses it to fix
whether \fB%Y\fR refers to years before or after Year 1 of the
Common Era.



























.IP \fB%Ex\fR
On output, produces a locale-dependent representation of the date
in the locale's alternative calendar.  On input, matches
whatever \fB%Ex\fR produces.  The locale's alternative calendar need not
be the Gregorian calendar.
.IP \fB%EX\fR
On output, produces a locale-dependent representation of the

.IP \fB%I\fR
On output, produces a two-digit number giving the hour of the day
(12-11) on a 12-hour clock.  On input, accepts such a number.
.IP \fB%j\fR
On output, produces a three-digit number giving the day of the year
(001-366).  On input, accepts such a number.
.IP \fB%J\fR
On output, produces a string of digits giving the Julian Day Number.
On input, accepts a string of digits and interprets it as a Julian Day Number.
The Julian Day Number is a count of the number of calendar days
that have elapsed since 1 January, 4713 BCE of the proleptic
Julian calendar.  The epoch time of 1 January 1970 corresponds
to Julian Day Number 2440588.
.IP \fB%k\fR
On output, produces a one- or two-digit number giving the hour of the day

accepts four digits and may be used to determine calendar date. Note
that \fB%Y\fR does not yield a year appropriate for use with the ISO8601
week number \fB%V\fR; programs should use \fB%G\fR for that purpose.
.IP \fB%z\fR
On output, produces the current time zone, expressed in hours and
minutes east (+hhmm) or west (\-hhmm) of Greenwich. On input, accepts a
time zone specifier (see \fBTIME ZONES\fR below) that will be used to
determine the time zone.

.IP \fB%Z\fR
On output, produces the current time zone's name, possibly
translated to the given locale. On input, accepts a time zone
specifier (see \fBTIME ZONES\fR below) that will be used to determine the

time zone. This option should, in general, be used on input only when
parsing RFC822 dates. Other uses are fraught with ambiguity; for
instance, the string \fBBST\fR may represent British Summer Time or
Brazilian Standard Time. It is recommended that date/time strings for
use by computers use numeric time zones instead.
.IP \fB%%\fR
On output, produces a literal
.QW \fB%\fR

Using that time as the base, day-of-week specifications are added.
Next, relative specifications are used.  If a date or day is
specified, and no absolute or relative time is given, midnight is
used.  Finally, a correction is applied so that the correct hour of
the day is produced after allowing for daylight savings time
differences and the correct date is given when going from the end
of a long month to a short month.


















.SH "SEE ALSO"
msgcat(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
clock, date, time
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright \(co 2004 Kevin B. Kenny <kennykb@acm.org>. All rights reserved.
'\" Local Variables:
'\" mode: nroff
'\" End:

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH close n 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
close \- Close an open channel

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH concat n 8.3 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
concat \- Join lists together

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2019 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH configurable n 0.4 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
oo::configurable, configure, property \- class that makes configurable classes and objects, and supports making configurable properties

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH continue n "" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
continue \- Skip to the next iteration of a loop

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2014-2018 Donal K. Fellows.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH "cookiejar" n 0.1 http "Tcl Bundled Packages"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
cookiejar \- Implementation of the Tcl http package cookie jar protocol

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2007 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH copy n 0.1 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
oo::copy \- create copies of objects and classes

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2009 Donal K. Fellows.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH coroutine n 8.6 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
coroutine, yield, yieldto, coroinject, coroprobe \- Create and produce values from coroutines

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Copyright (c) 2001 ActiveState Corporation.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH dde n 1.4 dde "Tcl Bundled Packages"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
dde \- Execute a Dynamic Data Exchange command

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2007-2018 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH define n 0.3 TclOO "TclOO Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
oo::define, oo::objdefine, oo::Slot \- define and configure classes and objects

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2003 Donal K. Fellows
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
'\" You may distribute and/or modify this program under the terms of the GNU
'\" Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
'\" either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
'\"
'\" See the file "COPYING" for information on usage and redistribution.
'\"
.TH dict n 8.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
dict \- Manipulate dictionaries