2012-04-28  Alexandre Ferrieux  <ferrieux@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclIO.c: Properly close nonblocking channels even when
	not flushing them.

2012-05-03  Jan Nijtmans  <nijtmans@users.sf.net>

	* compat/zlib/*: Upgrade to zlib 1.2.7 (pre-built dll is still 1.2.5,
	will be upgraded as soon as the official build is available)

2012-05-03  Don Porter  <dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* tests/socket.test:	[Bug 3428754]: Test socket-14.2 tolerate
	[socket -async] connection that connects synchronously.

	                      checking for the exact error message.

2010-03-30  Andreas Kupries  <andreask@activestate.com>

	* generic/tclIORChan.c (ReflectClose, ReflectInput, ReflectOutput,
	(ReflectSeekWide, ReflectWatch, ReflectBlock, ReflectSetOption,
	(ReflectGetOption, ForwardProc): [Bug 2978773]: Preserve
	ReflectedChannel* structures across handler invokations, to avoid
	crashes when the handler implementation induces nested callbacks and
	destruction of the channel deep inside such a nesting.

2010-03-30  Don Porter  <dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclObj.c (Tcl_GetCommandFromObj):     [Bug 2979402]: Reorder
	the validity tests on internal rep of a "cmdName" value to avoid

	* generic/tclBinary.c:	[Bug 2922555]: Handle completely invalid input
	* tests/binary.test:	to the decode methods.

2009-12-28  Donal K. Fellows  <dkf@users.sf.net>

	* unix/Makefile.in (trace-shell, trace-test): [FRQ 1083288]: Added
	targets to allow easier tracing of shell and test invokations.

	* unix/configure.in: [Bug 942170]:	Detect the st_blocks field of
	* generic/tclCmdAH.c (StoreStatData):	'struct stat' correctly.
	* generic/tclFileName.c (Tcl_GetBlocksFromStat):
	* generic/tclIOUtil.c (Tcl_Stat):

	* generic/tclInterp.c (TimeLimitCallback): [Bug 2891362]: Ensure that

	* tools/tclZIC.tcl
	* tools/tsdPerf.c

2009-11-17  Andreas Kupries  <andreask@activestate.com>

	* unix/tclUnixChan.c (TtyParseMode): Partial undo of Donal's tidy-up
	from a few days ago (2009-11-9, not in ChangeLog). It seems that
	strchr is apparently a macro on AIX and reacts badly to pre-processor
	directives in its arguments.

2009-11-16  Alexandre Ferrieux  <ferrieux@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclEncoding.c:  [Bug 2891556]: Fix and improve test to
	* generic/tclTest.c:	  detect similar manifestations in the future.
	* tests/encoding.test:    Add tcltest support for finalization.

2009-10-20  Don Porter  <dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* unix/Makefile.in:	Removed the long outdated and broken targets
	package-* that were for building Solaris packages.  Appears that the
	pieces needed for these targets to function have never been present in
	the current era of Tcl development and belong completely to Tcl
	pre-history.

2009-10-19  Don Porter  <dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclIO.c:      [Patch 2107634]: Revised ReadChars and
	FilterInputBytes routines to permit reads to continue up to the string
	limits of Tcl values.  Before revisions, large read attempts could
	panic when as little as half the limiting value length was reached.

	customize SHLIB_VERSION on BSD-derived systems. Thanks to Stuart
	Cassoff for his help.
	* unix/configure: Autoconf 2.59

2009-01-19  David Gravereaux  <davygrvy@pobox.com>

	* win/build.vc.bat: Improved tools detection and error message
	* win/makefile.vc: Reorganized the $(TCLOBJ) file list into seperate
	parts for easier maintenance. Matched all sources built using -GL to
	both $(lib) and $(link) to use -LTCG and avoid a warning message.
	Addressed the over-building nature of the htmlhelp target by moving
	from a pseudo target to a real target dependent on the entire docs/
	directory contents.
	* win/nmakehlp.c: Removed -g option and GrepForDefine() func as it
	isn't being used anymore. The -V option method is much better.

	of the variable.

	* tests/autoMkindex.test:
	* tests/pkgMkIndex.test: Explicitly cd to ::tcltest::testsDirectory at
	the beginning of the test run

	* tests/basic.test: Use version information defined in tcltest instead
	of hardcoded version number

	* tests/socket.test: package require tcltest before attempting to use
	variable defined in tcltest namespace

	* tests/unixInit.test:
	* tests/unixNotfy.test: Added explicit exits needed to avoid problems
	when the tests area run in wish.

2000-11-23  Donal K. Fellows  <fellowsd@cs.man.ac.uk>

	* generic/tclCmdIL.c (Tcl_LsortObjCmd): Fixed memory leak from [Bug
	119398]

	* library/init.tcl (unknown): Added specific level parameters to
	all uplevel invokations to boost performance; didn't dare touch
	the "namespace inscope" stuff though, since it looks sensitive
	to me!  Should fix [Bug 123217], though testing is tricky...

2000-11-21  Andreas Kupries  <a.kupries@westend.com>

	All of the changes below are described in TIP #7 ~ Specification and
	result from the application of the patch contained therein. Creator of

	* doc/tcltest2.n: Code and documentation cleanup. Modified -verbose to
	take list of keywords as well as string of letters. Removed Tcl
	version information from tcltest. Removed tcltest::grep from tcltest
	package. Added optional 3rd directory argument to
	makeFile/makeDirectory and removeFile/removeDirectory.

	* tests/basic.test: Changed references to tcltest::tclVersion to
	hardcoded numbers.
	* generic/tcl.h: Changed reference to tcltest2.tcl and tcltest.tcl in
	comments to tests/basic.test.

2000-10-06  David Gravereaux  <davygrvy@ajubasolutions.com>

	* win/tclWinChan.c: moved Win2K bug case test with GetStdHandle() from
	TclpGetDefaultStdChannel into Tcl_MakeFileChannel to enable a more

	* library/msgcat1.0/msgcat.tcl: Applied patches from Laurent Duperval,
	to add mcmax function, which computes the length of the longest of
	several translated strings. Bumped version number to 1.1.

2000-06-27  Eric Melski  <ericm@scriptics.com>

	* tests/stringObj.test: Tweaked tests to avoid hardcoded high-ASCII
	characters (which will fail in multibyte locales); instead used \uXXXX
	syntax. [Bug: 3842].

2000-06-26  Eric Melski  <ericm@scriptics.com>

	* doc/package.n: Corrected information about [package forget]
	arguments [Bug: 5418].

	Tcl_InitMemory, and Tcl_ValidateAllMemory [Bug: 1816, 1835].

	* generic/tclCkalloc.c: Fixed some function headers.

	* unix/mkLinks: Regen'd with new mkLinks.tcl.

	* unix/mkLinks.tcl: Fixed indentation, made link setup more
	intelligent (only do one existance test per man page, instead of one
	per function).

	* doc/library.n: Fixed .SH NAME macro to include each function
	documented on the page, so that mkLinks will know about the functions
	listed there, and so that the Windows help file index will get set up
	correctly [Bug: 1898, 5273].

	fixed http::ncode so that it actually gives you back the http return
	code (i.e. 200, 404, etc.) instead of the first digit of the version
	of HTTP being used (i.e. 1).

2000-04-21  Brent Welch <welch@scriptics.com>

	* library/http2.1/http.tcl: More thrashing with the "server closes
	without reading post data" scenario. Reverted to the previous filevent
	configuratiuon, which seems to work better with small amounts of post
	data.

2000-04-20  Jeff Hobbs  <hobbs@scriptics.com>

	* generic/tclAlloc.c: wrapped caddr_t define to not be done on Unix
	* unix/tclUnixPort.h: added Tclp*Alloc defines to allow the use of

	* tests/pkg/magicchar.tcl:
	* tests/autoMkindex.test: Test for fix for bug #2611.

	* library/auto.tcl: Fixed the regular expression that performs $
	escaping before sourcing a file to index. It was erroneously adding \
	escapes even to $'s that were already escaped, effectively
	"un-escaping" those $'s. (bug #2611).

2000-01-27  Eric Melski  <ericm@scriptics.com>

	* tests/autoMkindex.test:
	* library/auto.tcl: Applied patch (with slight modification) from bug
	#2701: auto_mkIndex uses platform dependent file paths. Added test for
	fix.

	#981).

	* doc/upvar.n: Expanded explanation of upvar behavior with respect to
	variable traces. (bugs 3917 1433 2110).

	* generic/tclVar.c: Changed behavior of variable command when name
	refers to an element in an array (ie, "variable foo(x)") to always
	return an error, regardless of existance of that element in the array
	(now behavior is consistant with docs too) (bug #981).

2000-01-20  Jeff Hobbs  <hobbs@scriptics.com>

	* generic/tclCmdIL.c (InfoBodyCmd): made [info body] return a string
	if the body has been bytecompiled.
	* generic/tclBasic.c (Tcl_EvalObjEx): added pedantic check for

2002-12-16  David Gravereaux  <davygrvy@pobox.com>

	* generic/tclPipe.c (TclCleanupChildren):
	* tests/winPipe.test:
	* win/tclWinPipe.c (Tcl_WaitPid):
	* win/tclWinTest.c:  Gave Tcl_WaitPid the ability to return a Win32
	exception code translated into a posix style SIG*. This allows [close]
	to report "CHILDKILLED" without the meaning getting lost in a
	truncated exit code. In TclCleanupChildren(), TclpGetPid() had to get
	moved to before Tcl_WaitPid() as the the handle is removed from the
	list taking away the ability to get the process id after the wait is
	done. This shouldn't effect the unix implimentaion unless waitpid is
	called with a pid of zero, meaning "any". I don't think it is..

	* library/tcltest/tcltest.tcl: Change [configure -match] to stop
	treating an empty list as a list of the single pattern "*". Changed
	the default value to [list *] so default operation remains the same.

	* tests/pkg/samename.tcl: restored. needed by pkgMkIndex.test.

	* library/tcltest/tcltest.tcl: restored writeability testing of
	-tmpdir, augmented by a special exception for the deafault value.

2002-07-01  Donal K. Fellows  <fellowsd@cs.man.ac.uk>

	* doc/concat.n: Documented the *real* behaviour of [concat]!

2002-06-30  Don Porter  <dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* doc/tcltest.n: more work in progress updating tcltest docs.

	* tests/README:		Updated the instructions on running and
	* tests/cmdMZ.test:	adding to the test suite. Also updated
	* tests/encoding.test:	several tests, mostly to correctly create
	* tests/fCmd.test:	and destroy any temporary files in the
	* tests/info.test:	[temporaryDirectory] of tcltest.
	* tests/interp.test:

	* library/tcltest/tcltest.tcl:	Stopped checking for writeability of
	-tmpdir value because no default directory can be guaranteed to be
	writeable.

	* tests/autoMkindex.tcl: removed.
	* tests/pkg/samename.tcl: removed.
	* tests/pkg/magicchar.tcl: removed.
	* tests/pkg/magicchar2.tcl: removed.
	* tests/autoMkindex.test: Updated auto_mkIndex tests to use [makeFile]
	and [removeFile] so tests are done in [temporaryDirecotry] where write

2002-06-06  Daniel Steffen  <das@users.sourceforge.net>

	* unix/tclUnixThrd.c (TclpReaddir, TclpLocaltime, TclpGmtime): added
	mutex wrapped calls to readdir, localtime & gmtime in case their
	thread-safe *_r counterparts are not available.
	* unix/tcl.m4: added configure check for readdir_r
	* unix/tcl.m4 (Darwin): set TCL_DEFAULT_ENCODING to utf-8 on MacOSX
	(where posix file apis expect utf-8, not iso8859-1).
	* unix/configure: regen
	* unix/Makefile.in: set DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH in parallel to
	LD_LIBRARY_PATH for MacOSX dynamic linker.
	* generic/tclEnv.c (TclSetEnv): fix env var setting on MacOSX (adapted
	from [Patch 524352] by jkbonfield).

2002-06-05  Don Porter  <dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* win/makefile.vc:
	* win/rules.vc:  Added a new "loimpact" option that sets the
	-ws:aggressive linker option. Off by default. It's said to keep the
	heap use low at the expense of alloc speed.

	* win/tclAppInit.c: Changed #include "tcl.h" to be tclPort.h to remove
	the raw windows.h include. tclPort.h brings in windows.h already and
	lessens the pre-compiled-header mush and the randomly useless #pragma
	comment (lib,...) references throughout the big windows.h tree (as
	observed at high linker warning levels).

2002-02-21  Donal K. Fellows  <fellowsd@cs.man.ac.uk>

	* generic/tcl.h: Better guessing of LP64/ILP32 architecture, but now
	sensitive to presence of (suitable) <limits.h>

	* generic/tclCmdAH.c: 64-bit handling in [file] and [format]
	commands.
	* generic/tclBasic.c: New "wordSize" entry in ::tcl_platform.
	* generic/tclFCmd.c: Large-file support (with many consequences.)
	* generic/tclIO.c: Large-file support (with many consequences.)
	* compat/strtoll.c, compat/strtoull.c: New support functions.
	* unix/tcl.m4, unix/configure: 64-bit support and greatly enhanced
	cacheing.

	Most other changes, including all those in doc/* and test/* as well as
	the majority in the platform directories, follow on from these.

	Also coming out of the woodwork:
	* generic/tclIndex.c: Better support for Cray PVP.
	* win/tclWinMtherr.c: Better Borland support.

2003-11-17  Don Porter	<dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* tests/reg.test: Added tests for [Bugs 230589, 504785, 505048, 840258]
	recently fixed by 2003-11-15 commit to regcomp.c by Pavel Goran. His
	notes on the fix: This bug results from an error in code that splits
	states into "progress" and "no-progress" ones. This error causes an
	interesting situation with the pre-collected single-linked list of
	states to be splitted: many items were added to the list, but only
	several of them are accessible from the list beginning, since the
	"tmp" member of struct state (which is used here to hold a pointer to
	the next list item) gets overwritten, which results in a "looped"
	chain. As a result, not all of states are splitted, and one state is
	splitted two times, causing incorrect "no-progress" flag values.

	parsing and substitution procedures as normal script evaluation.
	Tcl_SubstObj() moved to tclParse.c. New routine TclSubstTokens()
	created in tclParse.c which implements all substantial functioning of
	Tcl_EvalTokensStandard(). TclCompileScript() loses its "nested"
	argument, the Tcl_Interp struct loses its termOffset field and the
	TCL_BRACKET_TERM flag in the evalFlags field, all of which were only
	used (indirectly) by Tcl_SubstObj(). Tests subst-8.7,8.8,11.4,11.5
	modified to accomodate the only behavior change: reporting of parse
	errors now takes precedence over [return] and [continue] exceptions.
	All other behavior should remain compatible. [RFE 536831,684982] [Bug
	685106]

	* generic/tcl.h:        Removed TCL_PREFIX_IDENT and TCL_DEBUG_IDENT
	* win/tclWinPipe.c:     from tcl.h -- they are not part of Tcl's
	public interface.  Put them in win/tclWinPipe.c where they are used.

	* generic/tclCmdMZ.c (TraceCommandProc): Fix mem leak when deleting a
	command that had trace on it. [Bug 693564] (sofer)

2003-02-25  Don Porter	<dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* doc/pkgMkIndex.n:	Modified [pkg_mkIndex] to use -nocase matching
	* library/package.tcl:	of -load patterns, to better accomodate common
	user errors due to confusion between [package names] names and [info
	loaded] names.

2003-02-25  Andreas Kupries  <andreask@pliers.activestate.com>

	* tests/pid.test: See below [Bug 678412].
	* tests/io.test: Made more robust against spaces in paths [Bug 678400]

2004-11-26  Donal K. Fellows  <donal.k.fellows@man.ac.uk>

	* unix/configure.in: Simplify the code to check for correctness of
	strstr, strtoul and strtod.
	* unix/tcl.m4 (SC_TCL_CHECK_BROKEN_FUNC): Split a complex stanza out
	of configure.in into its own function. Also force it to do the right
	thing with cacheing of results of AC_TRY_RUN to deal with issue raised
	in [Patch 1073524]

	* doc/foreach.n: Added simple example. [FRQ 1073334]

2004-11-25  Donal K. Fellows  <donal.k.fellows@man.ac.uk>

	* generic/tclProc.c (TclObjInterpProc):	    Make it so that only

	Mikhail Kolesnitchenko. [Patch 1018486]

2004-08-31  Vince Darley  <vincentdarley@users.sourceforge.net>

	* doc/FileSystem.3:
	* generic/tclIOUtil.c: Clarified documentation regarding ability of a
	filesystem to say that it doesn't support a given operation using the
	EXDEV posix error code (copyFileProc, renameFileProc, etc), and
	updated one piece of code to ensure correct behaviour when an
	operation is not supported [Bug 1017072]

	* tests/fCmd.test: fix to test suite problem [Bug 1002884]

2004-08-31  Daniel Steffen  <das@users.sourceforge.net>

2004-07-17  Vince Darley  <vincentdarley@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclIOUtil.c: fix to rare 'cd' infinite loop in normalization
	with vfs [Bug 991420].
	* tests/fileSystem.test: added test for above bug.

	* doc/FileSystem.3: clarified documentation of posix error codes in
	'remove directory' FS proc - 'EEXIST' is used to signify a non-empty
	directory error (bug reported against tclvfs).

2004-07-16  Jeff Hobbs	<jeffh@ActiveState.com>

	* unix/Makefile.in, unix/tcl.m4:     move (C|LD)FLAGS after their
	* unix/configure.in, unix/configure: _DEFAULT to allow for env setting

	* tests/winPipe.test: more pass-thru commandline verifications.
	* win/tclWinPipe.c (BuildCommandLine): Special case quoting for '{'
	not required by the c-runtimes's parse_cmdline().
	* win/tclAppInit.c: Removed our custom setargv() in favor of the work
	provided by the c-runtime. [Bug 672938]

	* win/nmakehlp.c: defensive techniques to avoid static buffer
	overflows and a couple envars upsetting invokations of cl.exe and
	link.exe. [Bug 885537]

	* tests/winPipe.test: Added proof that BuildCommandLine() is not doing
	the "N backslashes followed a quote -> insert N * 2 + 1 backslashes
	then a quote" rule needed for the crt's parse_cmdline().
	* win/tclWinPipe.c: Fixed BuildCommandLine() to pass the new cases.

	operation.

	* generic/tclCompCmds.c: Rewrote TclCompileReturnCmd() to call
	TclMergeReturnOptions() at compile time so the return options
	dictionary is computed at compile time (when it is fully known). The
	dictionary is pushed on the stack along with the result, and the code
	and level values are included in the bytecode as operands. Also
	supports optimized compilation of un-[catch]ed [return]s from procs
	with default options into the INST_DONE instruction.

	* generic/tclExecute.c: Rewrote INST_RETURN instruction to retrieve
	the code and level operands, pop the return options from the stack,
	and call TclProcessReturn() to perform the [return] operation.

	* generic/tclCompile.h:	New utilities include TclEmitInt4 macro

	since when the list of opcodes changes it is usually useful to rebuild
	everything that depends on it (but which is nonetheless a small
	fraction of the total set of Tcl source files).

	***POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY*** for bytecode savers/loaders. See below

	* generic/tclCompCmds.c (TclCompileSwitchCmd): Arrange for very simple
	[switch] invokations to be compiled into hash lookups into jump tables;
	only a very specific kind of [switch] can be safely compiled this way,
	but that happens to be the most common kind. This makes around 5-10%
	difference to the speed of execution of clock.test.
	* generic/tclExecute.c (TEBC:INST_JUMP_TABLE): New instruction to allow
	for jumps to locations looked up in a hashtable. Requires a new AuxData
	type, tclJumptableInfoType (supported by the functions DupJumptableInfo
	and FreeJumptableInfo in tclCompCmds.c) so anything that saves bytecode

	an expr syntax error (masked by a [catch]).

	* generic/tclCompCmds.c (TclCompileReturnCmd):	Added crash protection
	to handle callers other than TclCompileScript() failing to meet the
	initialization assumptions of the TIP 280 code in CompileWord().

	* generic/tclCompExpr.c:	Suppress the attempt to convert to
	numeric when pre-compiling a constant expression indicates an error.

2007-08-22  Miguel Sofer  <msofer@users.sf.net>

	* generic/tclExecute.c (TEBC): disable the new shortcut to frequent
	INSTs for debug builds. REVERTED (collision with alternative fix)

2007-08-21  Don Porter	<dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclCmdMZ.c (STR_MAP): Replace ckalloc calls with
	TclStackAlloc calls.

2007-03-24  Zoran Vasiljevic <vasiljevic@users.sourceforge.net>

	* win/tclWinThrd.c: Thread exit handler marks the current thread as
	un-initialized. This allows exit handlers that are registered later to
	re-initialize this subsystem in case they need to use some sync
	primitives (cond variables) from this file again.

2007-03-23  Miguel Sofer  <msofer@users.sf.net>

	* generic/tclBasic.c (DeleteInterpProc): pop the root frame pointer
	before deleting the global namespace [Bug 1658572]

	namespace creation faster. Plus selected other minor improvements to
	code quality. [Patch 1352382]

2006-08-10  Donal K. Fellows  <donal.k.fellows@manchester.ac.uk>

	Misc patches to make code more efficient. [Bug 1530474] (afredd)
	* generic/*.c, macosx/tclMacOSXNotify.c, unix/tclUnixNotfy.c,
	* win/tclWinThrd.c: Tidy up invokations of Tcl_Panic() to promote
	string constant sharing and consistent style.
	* generic/tclBasic.c (Tcl_CreateInterp): More efficient handling of
	* generic/tclClock.c (TclClockInit):	 registration of commands not
						 in global namespace.
	* generic/tclVar.c (Tcl_UnsetObjCmd): Remove unreachable clause.

2006-08-09  Don Porter	<dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* generic/tclExecute.c: Corrected flawed overflow detection in
	* tests/expr.test:	INST_EXPON that caused [expr 2**64] to return
	0 instead of the same value as [expr 1<<64].

2006-07-24  Don Porter	<dgp@users.sourceforge.net>

	* win/tclWinSock.c:	Correct un-initialized Tcl_DString. Thanks to
	afredd. [Bug 1518166]

2006-07-21  Miguel Sofer  <msofer@users.sf.net>

	* generic/tclExecute.c:
	* tests/execute.test (execute-9.1): dgp's fix for [Bug 1522803].

	* generic/tclCompCmds.c (TclCompileEnsemble)
	* generic/tclNamesp.c (NamespaceEnsembleCmd)
	(Tcl_SetEnsembleParameterList, Tcl_GetEnsembleParameterList)
	(NsEnsembleImplementationCmdNR):
	* generic/tcl.decls, doc/Ensemble.3, doc/namespace.n
	* tests/namespace.test: Allow the handling of a (fixed) number of
	formal parameters between an ensemble's command and subcommand at
	invokation time. [Patch 1901783]

2008-09-28  Miguel Sofer  <msofer@users.sf.net>

	* generic/tclBasic.c:	   Fix the numLevels computations on
	* generic/tclInt.h:	   coroutine yield/resume
	* tests/unsupported.test:

	* generic/tclBinary.c: [Bug 1923966] - crash in binary format
	* tests/binary.test:   Added tests for the above crash condition.

2008-03-21  Donal K. Fellows  <dkf@users.sf.net>

	* doc/switch.n: Clarified documentation in respect of two-argument
	invokation. [Bug 1899962]

	* tests/switch.test: Added more tests of regexp-mode compilation of
	the [switch] command. [Bug 1854435]

2008-03-20  Donal K. Fellows  <dkf@users.sf.net>

	* generic/tcl.h, generic/tclThreadAlloc.c: Tidied up the declarations

to implement the safe base, instead of deleting the commands from a safe
interpreter. (JL)

11/15/96 (new feature) Implemented the safe base, a mechanism for
installing and requesting security policies, purely in Tcl code. Overloads
the package command to also allow an interpreter to "require" a policy. The
following new library commands are provided:
	tcl_safeCreateInterp	-- creates a slave an initializes the
				   policy mechanism.
	tcl_safeInitInterp	-- initializes an existing slave with the
				   policy mechanism.
	tcl_safeDeleteInterp	-- deletes a slave and deinitializes the
				   policy mechanism.
Added a new file to the library, safeinit.tcl, to hold implementation. (JL)
On 7/9/97, removed the policy loading mechanism from the Safe Base. Left

6/19/97 (bug fix) Fixed a panic due to the following four line script:
	interp create x
	x alias foo bar
	x eval rename foo blotz
	x alias foo {}
The problem was that the interp code was not using the actual current name
of the command to be deleted as a result of un-aliasing foo. (JL)

6/19/97 (feature change) Pass interp down to the ChannelOption and
driver specific calls so system errors can be differentiated from syntax
ones. Changed Tcl_DriverGetOptionProc type. Affects Tcl_GetChannelOption,
TcpGetOptionProc,  TtyGetOptionProc, etc. (DL)
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

    - Modifying the TclpInitLibraryPath routines.
(surles)

3/14/99 (feature change) Added hooks for TclPro Wrapper to initialize
the location of the encoding files and libraries.  This fix included:
    - Adding the TclSetPerInitScript routine.
    - Modifying the Tcl_Init routines to evaluate the non-NULL
      pre-init script.
    - Adding the Tcl_SetdefaultEncodingDir and Tcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir
      routines.
    - Modifying the TclpInitLibrary routines to append the default
      encoding dir.
(surles)

3/14/99 (feature change) Test suite now uses "test" namespace to

2007-08-14 (platform support) Darwin [load] from VFS on intel & 64bit (steffen)

2007-08-15 (bug fix)[1773127] corrected open mode "a+" (rottman,fellows)

2007-08-16 (bug fix)[1773040] ::errorInfo trace crash (janssen,porter)

2007-08-16 (performance)[1564517] pre-compile constant expressions (porter)

2007-08-21 (bug fix)[1775878] 'puts \' in interactive tclsh failed to move to
prompt for continuation line (porter)

2007-08-25 (bug fix)[1781282] [clock scan] case senstivity (kenny)

2007-08-25 (performance)[1767293] ** on native integer types (kenny)

2016-07-02 (enhancement)[09fabc] Sort order of -relateddir (lanam)

2016-07-07 (bug)[5d7ca0] Win: [file executable] for .cmd and .ps1 (nadkarni)
        *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

2016-07-08 (bug)[a47641] [file normalize] & Windows junctions (nadkarni)

2016-07-09 [ae61a6] [file] handling of Win hardcoded names (CON) (nadkarni)
        *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

2016-07-09 [3613671] [file owned] (more) useful on Win (nadkarni)

2016-07-09 (bug)[1493a4] [namespace upvar] use of resolvers (beric,fellows)
        *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

#endif

#include "zip.h"

#ifdef _WIN32
        #define USEWIN32IOAPI
        #include "iowin32.h"



#endif



#define WRITEBUFFERSIZE (16384)
#define MAXFILENAME (256)

    }
}


void addPathToZip(zipFile zf, const char *filenameinzip, const char *password, int opt_exclude_path,int opt_compress_level) {
    tinydir_dir dir;
    int i;
    char newname[512];

    tinydir_open_sorted(&dir, filenameinzip);

    for (i = 0; i < dir.n_files; i++)
    {
        tinydir_file file;
        tinydir_readfile_n(&dir, &file, i);
        if(strcmp(file.name,".")==0) continue;
        if(strcmp(file.name,"..")==0) continue;
        sprintf(newname,"%s/%s",dir.path,file.name);
        if (file.is_dir)
        {
            addPathToZip(zf,newname,password,opt_exclude_path,opt_compress_level);
        } else {
            addFileToZip(zf,newname,password,opt_exclude_path,opt_compress_level);
        }
    }

.AP "const char" *message in
For \fBTcl_AddErrorInfo\fR,
this is a conventional C string to append to the \fB\-errorinfo\fR return option.
For \fBTcl_AddObjErrorInfo\fR,
this points to the first byte of an array of \fIlength\fR bytes
containing a string to append to the \fB\-errorinfo\fR return option.
This byte array may contain embedded null bytes
unless \fIlength\fR is TCL_INDEX_NONE.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
A message to be appended to the \fB\-errorinfo\fR return option
in the form of a Tcl_Obj value.
.AP size_t length in
The number of bytes to copy from \fImessage\fR when
appending to the \fB\-errorinfo\fR return option.
If TCL_INDEX_NONE, all bytes up to the first null byte are used.
.AP Tcl_Obj *errorObjPtr in
The \fB\-errorcode\fR return option will be set to this value.
.AP "const char" *element in
String to record as one element of the \fB\-errorcode\fR return option.
Last \fIelement\fR argument must be NULL.
.AP va_list argList in
An argument list which must have been initialized using
\fBva_start\fR, and cleared using \fBva_end\fR.
.AP int lineNum
The line number of a script where an error occurred.
.AP "const char" *script in
Pointer to first character in script containing command (must be <= command)
.AP "const char" *command in
Pointer to first character in command that generated the error
.AP size_t commandLength in
Number of bytes in command; TCL_INDEX_NONE means use all bytes up to first null byte
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The \fBTcl_SetReturnOptions\fR and \fBTcl_GetReturnOptions\fR
routines expose the same capabilities as the \fBreturn\fR and
\fBcatch\fR commands, respectively, in the form of a C interface.
.PP

\fBTcl_AddObjErrorInfo\fR is nearly identical
to \fBTcl_AddErrorInfo\fR, except that it has an additional \fIlength\fR
argument.  This allows the \fImessage\fR string to contain
embedded null bytes.  This is essentially never a good idea.
If the \fImessage\fR needs to contain the null character \fBU+0000\fR,
Tcl's usual internal encoding rules should be used to avoid
the need for a null byte.  If the \fBTcl_AddObjErrorInfo\fR
interface is used at all, it should be with a TCL_INDEX_NONE \fIlength\fR value.
.PP
The procedure \fBTcl_SetObjErrorCode\fR is used to set the
\fB\-errorcode\fR return option to the list value \fIerrorObjPtr\fR
built up by the caller.
\fBTcl_SetObjErrorCode\fR is typically invoked just
before returning an error. If an error is
returned without calling \fBTcl_SetObjErrorCode\fR or

unsigned char *
\fBTcl_SetByteArrayLength\fR(\fIobjPtr, numBytes\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const unsigned char" *numBytesPtr in/out
.AP "const unsigned char" *bytes in
The array of bytes used to initialize or set a byte-array value. May be NULL
even if \fInumBytes\fR is non-zero.
.AP size_t numBytes in
The number of bytes in the array.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in/out
For \fBTcl_SetByteArrayObj\fR, this points to an unshared value to be
overwritten by a byte-array value.  For \fBTcl_GetBytesFromObj\fR,
\fBTcl_GetByteArrayFromObj\fR and \fBTcl_SetByteArrayLength\fR, this points
to the value from which to extract an array of bytes.
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter to use for error reporting.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *numBytesPtr out
Points to space where the number of bytes in the array may be written.
Caller may pass NULL when it does not need this information.
.BE

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
These routines are used to create, modify, store, transfer, and retrieve

has not been disturbed.  The pointer may be used to overwrite the byte
contents of the internal representation, so long as the value is unshared
and any string representation is invalidated.
.PP
On success, both \fBTcl_GetBytesFromObj\fR and \fBTcl_GetByteArrayFromObj\fR
write the number of bytes in the byte-array value of \fIobjPtr\fR
to the space pointed to by \fInumBytesPtr\fR.  This space may be of type
\fBsize_t\fR or of type \fBint\fR.  It is recommended that callers provide
a \fBsize_t\fR space for this purpose.  If the caller provides only
an \fBint\fR space and the number of bytes in the byte-array value of
\fIobjPtr\fR is greater than \fBINT_MAX\fR, the routine will fail due
to being unable to correctly report the byte-array size to the caller.
The ability to provide an \fBint\fR space is best considered a migration
aid for codebases constrained to continue operating with Tcl releases
older than 8.7.
.PP

.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter in which to cancel the script.
.AP Tcl_Obj *resultObjPtr in
Error message to use in the cancellation, or NULL to use a default message. If
not NULL, this object will have its reference count decremented before
\fBTcl_CancelEval\fR returns.
.AP int flags in
ORed combination of flag bits that specify additional options.
For \fBTcl_CancelEval\fR, only \fBTCL_CANCEL_UNWIND\fR is currently
supported.  For \fBTcl_Canceled\fR, only \fBTCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG\fR and
\fBTCL_CANCEL_UNWIND\fR are currently supported.
.AP void *clientData in
Currently reserved for future use.
It should be set to NULL.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
\fBTcl_CancelEval\fR cancels or unwinds the script in progress soon after
the next invocation of asynchronous handlers, causing \fBTCL_ERROR\fR to be
the return code for that script.  This function is thread-safe and may be
called from any thread in the process.
.PP
\fBTcl_Canceled\fR checks if the script in progress has been canceled and
returns \fBTCL_ERROR\fR if it has.  Otherwise, \fBTCL_OK\fR is returned.
Extensions can use this function to check to see if they should abort a long
running command.  This function is thread sensitive and may only be called
from the thread the interpreter was created in.
.SS "FLAG BITS"
Any ORed combination of the following values may be used for the
\fIflags\fR argument to procedures such as \fBTcl_CancelEval\fR:
.TP 20
\fBTCL_CANCEL_UNWIND\fR
.
This flag is used by \fBTcl_CancelEval\fR and \fBTcl_Canceled\fR.
For \fBTcl_CancelEval\fR, if this flag is set, the script in progress
is canceled and the evaluation stack for the interpreter is unwound.

.AP "const char" *name in
The name of the object to create, or NULL if a new unused name is to be
automatically selected.
.AP "const char" *nsName in
The name of the namespace to create for the object's private use, or NULL if a
new unused name is to be automatically selected. The namespace must not
already exist.
.AP size_t objc in
The number of elements in the \fIobjv\fR array.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" *objv in
The arguments to the command to create the instance of the class.
.AP size_t skip in
The number of arguments at the start of the argument array, \fIobjv\fR, that
are not arguments to any constructors. This allows the generation of correct
error messages even when complicated calling patterns are used (e.g., via the
\fBnext\fR command).
.AP Tcl_ObjectMetadataType *metaTypePtr in
The type of \fImetadata\fR being set with \fBTcl_ClassSetMetadata\fR or
retrieved with \fBTcl_ClassGetMetadata\fR.

.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_Concat\fR(\fIargc, argv\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const char *const" argv[]
.AP size_t argc in
Number of strings.
.AP "const char *const" argv[] in
Array of strings to concatenate.  Must have \fIargc\fR entries.
.BE

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP

below).
.AP "const char" *childCmd in
Name of source command for alias.
.AP Tcl_Interp *targetInterp in
Interpreter that contains the target command for an alias.
.AP "const char" *targetCmd in
Name of target command for alias in \fItargetInterp\fR.
.AP size_t argc in
Count of additional arguments to pass to the alias command.
.AP "const char *const" *argv in
Vector of strings, the additional arguments to pass to the alias command.
This storage is owned by the caller.
.AP size_t objc in
Count of additional value arguments to pass to the aliased command.
.AP Tcl_Obj **objv in
Vector of Tcl_Obj structures, the additional value arguments to pass to
the aliased command.
This storage is owned by the caller.
.AP Tcl_Interp **targetInterpPtr in
Pointer to location to store the address of the interpreter where a target

The channel to operate on.
.AP int direction in
\fBTCL_READABLE\fR means the input handle is wanted; \fBTCL_WRITABLE\fR
means the output handle is wanted.
.AP void **handlePtr out
Points to the location where the desired OS-specific handle should be
stored.
.AP size_t size in
The size, in bytes, of buffers to allocate in this channel.
.AP int mask in
An OR-ed combination of \fBTCL_READABLE\fR, \fBTCL_WRITABLE\fR
and \fBTCL_EXCEPTION\fR that indicates events that have occurred on
this channel.
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Current interpreter. (can be NULL)

\fBTcl_CreateObjCommand2\fR does the same as \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR,
except its \fIproc2\fR argument is of type \fBTcl_ObjCmdProc2\fR.
.PP
.CS
typedef int \fBTcl_ObjCmdProc2\fR(
        void *\fIclientData\fR,
        Tcl_Interp *\fIinterp\fR,
        size_t \fIobjc\fR,
        Tcl_Obj *const \fIobjv\fR[]);
.CE
.PP
\fBTcl_DeleteCommand\fR deletes a command from a command interpreter.
Once the call completes, attempts to invoke \fIcmdName\fR in
\fIinterp\fR will result in errors.
If \fIcmdName\fR is not bound as a command in \fIinterp\fR then

\fBTcl_CreateObjTrace2\fR(\fIinterp, level, flags, objProc2, clientData, deleteProc\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_DeleteTrace\fR(\fIinterp, trace\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_CmdObjTraceDeleteProc *deleteProc
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter containing command to be traced or untraced.
.AP size_t level in
Only commands at or below this nesting level will be traced unless
0 is specified.  1 means
top-level commands only, 2 means top-level commands or those that are
invoked as immediate consequences of executing top-level commands
(procedure bodies, bracketed commands, etc.) and so on.
A value of 0 means that commands at any level are traced.
.AP int flags in

\fIobjProc2\fR should have arguments and result that match the type,
\fBTcl_CmdObjTraceProc2\fR:
.PP
.CS
typedef int \fBTcl_CmdObjTraceProc2\fR(
        \fBvoid *\fR \fIclientData\fR,
        \fBTcl_Interp\fR* \fIinterp\fR,
        size_t \fIlevel\fR,
        const char *\fIcommand\fR,
        \fBTcl_Command\fR \fIcommandToken\fR,
        size_t \fIobjc\fR,
        \fBTcl_Obj\fR *const \fIobjv\fR[]);
.CE
.PP
The \fIclientData\fR and \fIinterp\fR parameters are copies of the
corresponding arguments given to \fBTcl_CreateTrace\fR.
\fIclientData\fR typically points to an application-specific data
structure that describes what to do when \fIobjProc\fR is invoked.  The

char *
\fBTcl_DStringAppendElement\fR(\fIdsPtr, element\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_DStringStartSublist\fR(\fIdsPtr\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_DStringEndSublist\fR(\fIdsPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_DStringLength\fR(\fIdsPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_DStringValue\fR(\fIdsPtr\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_DStringSetLength\fR(\fIdsPtr, newLength\fR)
.sp

.AS Tcl_DString newLength in/out
.AP Tcl_DString *dsPtr in/out
Pointer to structure that is used to manage a dynamic string.
.AP "const char" *bytes in
Pointer to characters to append to dynamic string.
.AP "const char" *element in
Pointer to characters to append as list element to dynamic string.
.AP size_t length in
Number of bytes from \fIbytes\fR to add to dynamic string.  If TCL_INDEX_NONE,
add all characters up to null terminating character.
.AP size_t newLength in
New length for dynamic string, not including null terminating
character.
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in/out
Interpreter whose result is to be set from or moved to the
dynamic string.
.BE

the dynamic string given by \fIdsPtr\fR.  It does this by moving
a pointer from \fIdsPtr\fR to the interpreter's result.
This saves the cost of allocating new memory and copying the string.
\fBTcl_DStringResult\fR also reinitializes the dynamic string to
an empty string.
Since the dynamic string is reinitialized, there is no need to
further call \fBTcl_DStringFree\fR on it and it can be reused without
calling \fBTcl_DStringInit\fR.

.PP
\fBTcl_DStringGetResult\fR does the opposite of \fBTcl_DStringResult\fR.
It sets the value of \fIdsPtr\fR to the result of \fIinterp\fR and
it clears \fIinterp\fR's result.
If possible it does this by moving a pointer rather than by copying
the string.
.PP
\fBTcl_DStringToObj\fR returns a \fBTcl_Obj\fR containing the value of
the dynamic string given by \fIdsPtr\fR.  It does this by moving
a pointer from \fIdsPtr\fR to a newly allocated \fBTcl_Obj\fR
and reinitializing to dynamic string to an empty string.
This saves the cost of allocating new memory and copying the string.
Since the dynamic string is reinitialized, there is no need to
further call \fBTcl_DStringFree\fR on it and it can be reused without
calling \fBTcl_DStringInit\fR.
The returned \fBTcl_Obj\fR has a reference count of 0.



.SH KEYWORDS
append, dynamic string, free, result

.sp
\fBTcl_ReapDetachedProcs\fR()
.sp
Tcl_Pid
\fBTcl_WaitPid\fR(\fIpid, statusPtr, options\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_Pid *statusPtr out
.AP size_t numPids in
Number of process ids contained in the array pointed to by \fIpidPtr\fR.
.AP int *pidPtr in
Address of array containing \fInumPids\fR process ids.
.AP Tcl_Pid pid in
The id of the process (pipe) to wait for.
.AP int *statusPtr out
The result of waiting on a process (pipe). Either 0 or ECHILD.

dictionary value (or sub-value, in the case of
\fBTcl_DictObjPutKeyList\fR.)
.AP Tcl_Obj **valuePtrPtr out
Points to a variable that will have the value from a key/value pair
placed within it.  For \fBTcl_DictObjFirst\fR and
\fBTcl_DictObjNext\fR, this may be NULL to indicate that the caller is
not interested in the value.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *sizePtr out
Points to a variable that will have the number of key/value pairs
contained within the dictionary placed within it.
.AP Tcl_DictSearch *searchPtr in/out
Pointer to record to use to keep track of progress in enumerating all
key/value pairs in a dictionary.  The contents of the record will be
initialized by the call to \fBTcl_DictObjFirst\fR.  If the enumerating
is to be terminated before all values in the dictionary have been
returned, the search record \fImust\fR be passed to
\fBTcl_DictObjDone\fR to enable the internal locks to be released.
.AP int *donePtr out
Points to a variable that will have a non-zero value written into it
when the enumeration of the key/value pairs in a dictionary has
completed, and a zero otherwise.
.AP size_t keyc in
Indicates the number of keys that will be supplied in the \fIkeyv\fR
array.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" *keyv in
Array of \fIkeyc\fR pointers to values that
\fBTcl_DictObjPutKeyList\fR and \fBTcl_DictObjRemoveKeyList\fR will
use to locate the key/value pair to manipulate within the
sub-dictionaries of the main dictionary value passed to them.

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1997-1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_GetEncoding 3 "8.1" Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_GetEncoding, Tcl_FreeEncoding, Tcl_GetEncodingFromObj, Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString, Tcl_UtfToExternalDStringEx, Tcl_ExternalToUtf, Tcl_UtfToExternalDString, Tcl_UtfToExternalDStringEx, Tcl_UtfToExternal, Tcl_GetEncodingName, Tcl_SetSystemEncoding, Tcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment, Tcl_GetEncodingNames, Tcl_CreateEncoding, Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath, Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath \- procedures for creating and using encodings
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
Tcl_Encoding
\fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR(\fIinterp, name\fR)
.sp
void
\fBTcl_FreeEncoding\fR(\fIencoding\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetEncodingFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr, encodingPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDString\fR(\fIencoding, src, srcLen, dstPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDStringEx\fR(\fIinterp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, dstPtr, errorIdxPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_UtfToExternalDString\fR(\fIencoding, src, srcLen, dstPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToExternalDStringEx\fR(\fIinterp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, dstPtr, errorIdxPtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR(\fIinterp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, statePtr,
                  dst, dstLen, srcReadPtr, dstWrotePtr, dstCharsPtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR(\fIinterp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, statePtr,
                  dst, dstLen, srcReadPtr, dstWrotePtr, dstCharsPtr\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_GetEncodingName\fR(\fIencoding\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_GetEncodingNulLength\fR(\fIencoding\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_SetSystemEncoding\fR(\fIinterp, name\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment\fR(\fIbufPtr\fR)

.AP "const char" *src in
For the \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR functions, an array of bytes in the
specified encoding that are to be converted to UTF-8.  For the
\fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR function, an array of
UTF-8 characters to be converted to the specified encoding.
.AP "const TCHAR" *tsrc in
An array of Windows TCHAR characters to convert to UTF-8.
.AP size_t srcLen in
Length of \fIsrc\fR or \fItsrc\fR in bytes.  If the length is negative, the
encoding-specific length of the string is used.
.AP Tcl_DString *dstPtr out
Pointer to an uninitialized or free \fBTcl_DString\fR in which the converted
result will be stored.
.AP int flags in
This is a bit mask passed in to control the operation of the encoding functions.

.CS
typedef struct Tcl_EncodingType {
    const char *\fIencodingName\fR;
    Tcl_EncodingConvertProc *\fItoUtfProc\fR;
    Tcl_EncodingConvertProc *\fIfromUtfProc\fR;
    Tcl_EncodingFreeProc *\fIfreeProc\fR;
    void *\fIclientData\fR;
    size_t \fInullSize\fR;
} \fBTcl_EncodingType\fR;
.CE
.PP
The \fIencodingName\fR provides a string name for the encoding, by
which it can be referred in other procedures such as
\fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR.  The \fItoUtfProc\fR refers to a callback
procedure to invoke to convert text from this encoding into UTF-8.

but all other functions must not.
.AP "const char" *name in
The name of the ensemble command to be created.
.AP Tcl_Namespace *namespacePtr in
The namespace to which the ensemble command is to be bound, or NULL
for the current namespace.
.AP int ensFlags in
An ORed set of flag bits describing the basic configuration of the
ensemble. Currently only one bit has meaning, \fBTCL_ENSEMBLE_PREFIX\fR,
which is present when the ensemble command should also match
unambiguous prefixes of subcommands.
.AP Tcl_Obj *cmdNameObj in
A value holding the name of the ensemble command to look up.
.AP int flags in
An ORed set of flag bits controlling the behavior of
\fBTcl_FindEnsemble\fR. Currently only \fBTCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG\fR is supported.
.AP Tcl_Command token in
A normal command token that refers to an ensemble command, or which
you wish to use for testing as an ensemble command in \fBTcl_IsEnsemble\fR.
.AP int *ensFlagsPtr out
Pointer to a variable into which to write the current ensemble flag
bits; currently only the bit \fBTCL_ENSEMBLE_PREFIX\fR is defined.

.AS Tcl_Interp **termPtr
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter in which to execute the script.  The interpreter's result is
modified to hold the result or error message from the script.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
A Tcl value containing the script to execute.
.AP int flags in
ORed combination of flag bits that specify additional options.
\fBTCL_EVAL_GLOBAL\fR and \fBTCL_EVAL_DIRECT\fR are currently supported.
.AP "const char" *fileName in
Name of a file containing a Tcl script.
.AP size_t objc in
The number of values in the array pointed to by \fIobjv\fR;
this is also the number of words in the command.
.AP Tcl_Obj **objv in
Points to an array of pointers to values; each value holds the
value of a single word in the command to execute.
.AP int numBytes in
The number of bytes in \fIscript\fR, not including any

(^Z) for all platforms. If you require a
.QW ^Z
in code for string comparison, you can use
.QW \ex1A ,
which will be safely substituted by the Tcl interpreter into
.QW ^Z .
.PP
\fBTcl_EvalObjv\fR executes a single pre-parsed command instead of a
script.  The \fIobjc\fR and \fIobjv\fR arguments contain the values
of the words for the Tcl command, one word in each value in
\fIobjv\fR.  \fBTcl_EvalObjv\fR evaluates the command and returns
a completion code and result just like \fBTcl_EvalObjEx\fR.
The caller of \fBTcl_EvalObjv\fR has to manage the reference count of the
elements of \fIobjv\fR, insuring that the values are valid until
\fBTcl_EvalObjv\fR returns.

It returns the result of the command and also modifies
the interpreter result in the same way as \fBTcl_Eval\fR.
The last argument to \fBTcl_VarEval\fR must be NULL to indicate the end
of arguments.  \fBTcl_VarEval\fR is now deprecated.

.SH "FLAG BITS"
.PP
Any ORed combination of the following values may be used for the
\fIflags\fR argument to procedures such as \fBTcl_EvalObjEx\fR:
.TP 23
\fBTCL_EVAL_DIRECT\fR
.
This flag is only used by \fBTcl_EvalObjEx\fR; it is ignored by
other procedures.  If this flag bit is set, the script is not
compiled to bytecodes; instead it is executed directly

The first of two path values to compare. The value may be converted
to \fBpath\fR type.
.AP Tcl_Obj *secondPtr in
The second of two path values to compare. The value may be converted
to \fBpath\fR type.
.AP Tcl_Obj *listObj in
The list of path elements to operate on with a \fBjoin\fR operation.
.AP size_t elements in
The number of elements in the \fIlistObj\fR which should
be joined together. If TCL_INDEX_NONE, then all elements are joined.
.AP Tcl_Obj **errorPtr out
In the case of an error, filled with a value containing the name of
the file which caused an error in the various copy/rename operations.
.AP int index in
The index of the attribute in question.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
The value to set in the operation.
.AP Tcl_Obj **objPtrRef out
Filled with a value containing the result of the operation.
.AP Tcl_Obj *resultPtr out
Pre-allocated value in which to store (using
\fBTcl_ListObjAppendElement\fR) the list of
files or directories which are successfully matched.
.AP int mode in
Mask consisting of one or more of R_OK, W_OK, X_OK and F_OK. R_OK,
W_OK and X_OK request checking whether the file exists and  has  read,
write and  execute  permissions, respectively. F_OK just requests
checking for the existence of the file.

used to set those values for a given file.
.AP "const char" *modeString in
Specifies how the file is to be accessed. May have any of the values
allowed for the \fImode\fR argument to the Tcl \fBopen\fR command.
.AP int permissions in
POSIX-style permission flags such as 0644. If a new file is created, these
permissions will be set on the created file.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *lenPtr out
If non-NULL, filled with the number of elements in the split path.
.AP Tcl_Obj *basePtr in
The base path on to which to join the given elements. May be NULL.
.AP size_t objc in
The number of elements in \fIobjv\fR.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" objv[] in
The elements to join to the given base path.
.AP Tcl_Obj *linkNamePtr in
The name of the link to be created or read.
.AP Tcl_Obj *toPtr in
What the link called \fIlinkNamePtr\fR should be linked to, or NULL if

.QW "read link"
action is performed. The result
is a Tcl_Obj specifying the contents of the symbolic link given by
\fIlinkNamePtr\fR, or NULL if the link could not be read. The result is owned
by the caller, which should call \fBTcl_DecrRefCount\fR when the result is no
longer needed. If the \fItoPtr\fR is not NULL, Tcl should create a link
of one of the types passed in in the \fIlinkAction\fR flag. This flag is
an ORed combination of \fBTCL_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK\fR and \fBTCL_CREATE_HARD_LINK\fR.
Where a choice exists (i.e.\ more than one flag is passed in), the Tcl
convention is to prefer symbolic links. When a link is successfully
created, the return value should be \fItoPtr\fR (which is therefore
already owned by the caller). If unsuccessful, NULL is returned.
.PP
\fBTcl_FSLstat\fR fills the \fITcl_StatBuf\fR structure \fIstatPtr\fR with
information about the specified file. You do not need any access rights to the

passed into this function (\fIpathPtr\fR or \fIpath\fR elements) have
a reference count
of zero, they will be freed when this function returns.
.PP
\fBTcl_FSConvertToPathType\fR tries to convert the given Tcl_Obj to a valid
Tcl path type, taking account of the fact that the cwd may have changed
even if this value is already supposedly of the correct type.
The filename may begin with
.QW ~
(to indicate current user's home directory) or
.QW ~<user>
(to indicate any user's home directory).
.PP
If the conversion succeeds (i.e.\ the value is a valid path in one of
the current filesystems), then \fBTCL_OK\fR is returned. Otherwise
\fBTCL_ERROR\fR is returned, and an error message may
be left in the interpreter.
.PP
\fBTcl_FSGetInternalRep\fR extracts the internal representation of a given

not require additional conversions.
.PP
\fBTcl_FSGetTranslatedPath\fR attempts to extract the translated path
from the given Tcl_Obj.
.PP
If the translation succeeds (i.e.\ the value is a valid path), then it is
returned. Otherwise NULL will be returned, and an error message may be
left in the interpreter. A
.QW translated
path is one which contains no
.QW ~
or
.QW ~user
sequences (these have been expanded to their current
representation in the filesystem). The value returned is owned by the
caller, which must store it or call \fBTcl_DecrRefCount\fR to ensure memory is
freed. This function is of little practical use, and
\fBTcl_FSGetNormalizedPath\fR or \fBTcl_FSGetNativePath\fR are usually
better functions to use for most purposes.
.PP
\fBTcl_FSGetTranslatedStringPath\fR does the same as
\fBTcl_FSGetTranslatedPath\fR, but returns a character string or NULL.

.SS "THE TCL_FILESYSTEM STRUCTURE"
.PP
The \fBTcl_Filesystem\fR structure contains the following fields:
.PP
.CS
typedef struct Tcl_Filesystem {
    const char *\fItypeName\fR;
    size_t \fIstructureLength\fR;
    Tcl_FSVersion \fIversion\fR;
    Tcl_FSPathInFilesystemProc *\fIpathInFilesystemProc\fR;
    Tcl_FSDupInternalRepProc *\fIdupInternalRepProc\fR;
    Tcl_FSFreeInternalRepProc *\fIfreeInternalRepProc\fR;
    Tcl_FSInternalToNormalizedProc *\fIinternalToNormalizedProc\fR;
    Tcl_FSCreateInternalRepProc *\fIcreateInternalRepProc\fR;
    Tcl_FSNormalizePathProc *\fInormalizePathProc\fR;

path value. In Tcl, every
.QW path
must have a single unique
.QW normalized
string representation. Depending on the filesystem,
there may be more than one unnormalized string representation which
refers to that path (e.g.\ a relative path, a path with different
character case if the filesystem is case insensitive, a path contain a
reference to a home directory such as
.QW ~ ,
a path containing symbolic
links, etc). If the very last component in the path is a symbolic
link, it should not be converted into the value it points to (but
its case or other aspects should be made unique). All other path
components should be converted from symbolic links. This one
exception is required to agree with Tcl's semantics with \fBfile
delete\fR, \fBfile rename\fR, \fBfile copy\fR operating on symbolic links.

.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetWideIntFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr, widePtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetWideUIntFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr, uwidePtr\fR)
.sp



.sp
\fB#include <tclTomMath.h>\fR
.sp
Tcl_Obj *
\fBTcl_NewBignumObj\fR(\fIbigValue\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_SetBignumObj\fR(\fIobjPtr, bigValue\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetBignumFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr, bigValue\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_TakeBignumFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr, bigValue\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_InitBignumFromDouble\fR(\fIinterp, doubleValue, bigValue\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_WideInt doubleValue in/out
.AP size_t endValue in
\fBTcl_GetIntForIndex\fR will return this when the input value is "end".
.AP int intValue in
Integer value used to initialize or set a Tcl value.
.AP long longValue in
Long integer value used to initialize or set a Tcl value.
.AP Tcl_WideInt wideValue in
Wide integer value used to initialize or set a Tcl value.

.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in/out
When non-NULL, an error message is left here when integral value
retrieval fails.
.AP int *intPtr out
Points to place to store the integer value retrieved from \fIobjPtr\fR.
.AP long *longPtr out
Points to place to store the long integer value retrieved from \fIobjPtr\fR.
.AP size_t *indexPtr out
Points to place to store the size_t value retrieved from \fIobjPtr\fR.
.AP Tcl_WideInt *widePtr out
Points to place to store the wide integer value retrieved from \fIobjPtr\fR.
.AP Tcl_WideUInt *uwidePtr out
Points to place to store the unsigned wide integer value retrieved from \fIobjPtr\fR.


.AP mp_int *bigValue in/out
Points to a multi-precision integer structure declared by the LibTomMath
library.
.AP double doubleValue in
Double value from which the integer part is determined and
used to initialize a multi-precision integer value.
.BE

\fIobjPtr\fR does not hold an index value.  If the attempt fails,
then \fBTCL_ERROR\fR is returned, and if \fIinterp\fR is non-NULL,
an error message is left in \fIinterp\fR.  The \fBTcl_ObjType\fR
of \fIobjPtr\fR may be changed to make subsequent calls to the
same routine more efficient.
.PP
The \fBTcl_GetIntFromObj\fR, \fBTcl_GetLongFromObj\fR,
\fBTcl_GetWideIntFromObj\fR, \fBTcl_GetBignumFromObj\fR, and

\fBTcl_TakeBignumFromObj\fR routines attempt to retrieve an integral
value of the appropriate type from the Tcl value \fIobjPtr\fR.  If the
attempt succeeds, then \fBTCL_OK\fR is returned, and the value is
written to the storage provided by the caller.  The attempt might
fail if \fIobjPtr\fR does not hold an integral value, or if the
value exceeds the range of the target type.  If the attempt fails,
then \fBTCL_ERROR\fR is returned, and if \fIinterp\fR is non-NULL,

.AS Tcl_LimitHandlerDeleteProc commandLimit in/out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter that the limit being managed applies to or that will have
its limits checked.
.AP int type in
The type of limit that the operation refers to.  This must be either
\fBTCL_LIMIT_COMMANDS\fR or \fBTCL_LIMIT_TIME\fR.
.AP size_t commandLimit in
The maximum number of commands (as reported by \fBinfo cmdcount\fR)
that may be executed in the interpreter.
.AP Tcl_Time *timeLimitPtr in/out
A pointer to a structure that will either have the new time limit read
from (\fBTcl_LimitSetTime\fR) or the current time limit written to
(\fBTcl_LimitGetTime\fR).
.AP int granularity in

In \fBTcl_LinkArray\fR, the additional linked types \fBTCL_LINK_CHARS\fR and
\fBTCL_LINK_BINARY\fR may be used.
.VE "TIP 312"
.sp
All the above for both functions may be
optionally OR'ed with \fBTCL_LINK_READ_ONLY\fR to make the Tcl
variable read-only.
.AP size_t size in
.VS "TIP 312"
The number of elements in the C array. Must be greater than zero.
.VE "TIP 312"
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
\fBTcl_LinkVar\fR uses variable traces to keep the Tcl variable

an attempt will be made to convert it to one.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
For \fBTcl_ListObjAppendElement\fR,
points to the Tcl value that will be appended to \fIlistPtr\fR.
For \fBTcl_SetListObj\fR,
this points to the Tcl value that will be converted to a list value
containing the \fIobjc\fR elements of the array referenced by \fIobjv\fR.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *objcPtr in
Points to location where \fBTcl_ListObjGetElements\fR
stores the number of element values in \fIlistPtr\fR.
.AP Tcl_Obj ***objvPtr out
A location where \fBTcl_ListObjGetElements\fR stores a pointer to an array
of pointers to the element values of \fIlistPtr\fR.
.AP size_t objc in
The number of Tcl values that \fBTcl_NewListObj\fR
will insert into a new list value,
and \fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR will insert into \fIlistPtr\fR.
For \fBTcl_SetListObj\fR,
the number of Tcl values to insert into \fIobjPtr\fR.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" objv[] in
An array of pointers to values.
\fBTcl_NewListObj\fR will insert these values into a new list value
and \fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR will insert them into an existing \fIlistPtr\fR.
Each value will become a separate list element.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *lengthPtr out
Points to location where \fBTcl_ListObjLength\fR
stores the length of the list.
.AP size_t index in
Index of the list element that \fBTcl_ListObjIndex\fR
is to return.
The first element has index 0.
.AP Tcl_Obj **objPtrPtr out
Points to place where \fBTcl_ListObjIndex\fR is to store
a pointer to the resulting list element value.
.AP size_t first in
Index of the starting list element that \fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR
is to replace.
The list's first element has index 0.
.AP size_t count in
The number of elements that \fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR
is to replace.
.BE

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
Tcl list values have an internal representation that supports

in the address \fIobjPtrPtr\fR.
If \fIlistPtr\fR does not already refer to a list value,
\fBTcl_ListObjIndex\fR will attempt to convert it to one;
if the conversion fails, it returns \fBTCL_ERROR\fR
and leaves an error message in the interpreter's result value
if \fIinterp\fR is not NULL.
If the index is out of range,
that is, \fIindex\fR is TCL_INDEX_NONE or
greater than or equal to the number of elements in the list,
\fBTcl_ListObjIndex\fR stores a NULL in \fIobjPtrPtr\fR
and returns \fBTCL_OK\fR.
Otherwise it returns \fBTCL_OK\fR after storing the element's
value pointer.
The reference count for the list element is not incremented;
the caller must do that if it needs to retain a pointer to the element.
.PP
\fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR replaces zero or more elements
of the list referenced by \fIlistPtr\fR
with the \fIobjc\fR values in the array referenced by \fIobjv\fR.
If \fIlistPtr\fR does not point to a list value,
\fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR will attempt to convert it to one;
if the conversion fails, it returns \fBTCL_ERROR\fR
and leaves an error message in the interpreter's result value
if \fIinterp\fR is not NULL.
Otherwise, it returns \fBTCL_OK\fR after replacing the values.
If \fIobjv\fR is NULL, no new elements are added.
If the argument \fIfirst\fR is zero or TCL_INDEX_NONE,
it refers to the first element.
If \fIfirst\fR is greater than or equal to the
number of elements in the list, then no elements are deleted;
the new elements are appended to the list.
\fIcount\fR gives the number of elements to replace.
If \fIcount\fR is zero or TCL_INDEX_NONE then no elements are deleted;
the new elements are simply inserted before the one
designated by \fIfirst\fR.
\fBTcl_ListObjReplace\fR invalidates \fIlistPtr\fR's
old string representation.
The reference counts of any elements inserted from \fIobjv\fR
are incremented since the resulting list now refers to them.
Similarly, the reference counts for any replaced values are decremented.

.sp
Tcl_Method
\fBTcl_ObjectContextMethod\fR(\fIcontext\fR)
.sp
Tcl_Object
\fBTcl_ObjectContextObject\fR(\fIcontext\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ObjectContextSkippedArgs\fR(\fIcontext\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS void *clientData in
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in/out
The interpreter holding the object or class to create or update a method in.
.AP Tcl_Object object in
The object to create the method in.

when the method was created. If NULL, the \fIclientData\fR value will not be
retrieved.
.AP Tcl_Method method in
A reference to a method to query.
.AP Tcl_ObjectContext context in
A reference to a method-call context. Note that client code \fImust not\fR
retain a reference to a context.
.AP size_t objc in
The number of arguments to pass to the method implementation.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" *objv in
An array of arguments to pass to the method implementation.
.AP size_t skip in
The number of arguments passed to the method implementation that do not
represent "real" arguments.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
A method is an operation carried out on an object that is associated with the
object. Every method must be attached to either an object or a class; methods

Called instead of \fIproc2\fR when a trampoline is already in use.
.AP void *clientData in
Arbitrary one-word value passed to \fIproc\fR, \fInreProc\fR, \fIdeleteProc\fR
and \fIobjProc\fR.
.AP Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *deleteProc in/out
Called before \fIcmdName\fR is deleted from the interpreter, allowing for
command-specific cleanup. May be NULL.
.AP size_t objc in
Number of items in \fIobjv\fR.
.AP Tcl_Obj **objv in
Words in the command.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
A script or expression to evaluate.
.AP int flags in
As described for \fITcl_EvalObjv\fR.

.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_Interp clientDataPtr out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp out
When non-NULL, error information is recorded here when the value is not
in any of the numeric formats recognized by Tcl.
.AP "const char" *bytes in
Points to first byte of the string value to be examined.
.AP size_t numBytes in
The number of bytes, starting at \fIbytes\fR, that should be examined.
If the value \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR is provided, then all bytes should
be examined until the first \fBNUL\fR byte terminates examination.
.AP "void *" *clientDataPtr out
Points to space where a pointer value may be written through which a numeric
value is available to read.
.AP int *typePtr out
Points to space where a value may be written reporting what type of
numeric storage is available to read.

multiple-precision integer library, included with Tcl.
.PP
The routines \fBTcl_GetNumber\fR and \fBTcl_GetNumberFromObj\fR perform
the same function.  They differ only in how the arguments present the Tcl
value to be examined.  \fBTcl_GetNumber\fR accepts a counted string
value in the arguments \fIbytes\fR and \fInumBytes\fR (or a
\fBNUL\fR-terminated string value when \fInumBytes\fR is
\fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR).  \fBTcl_GetNumberFromObj\fR accepts the Tcl value
in \fIobjPtr\fR.
.PP
Both routines examine the Tcl value and determine whether Tcl recognizes
it as a number.  If not, both routines return \fBTCL_ERROR\fR and (when
\fIinterp\fR is not NULL) record an error message and error code
in \fIinterp\fR.
.PP

.SH "THE TCL_OBJ STRUCTURE"
.PP
Each Tcl value is represented by a \fBTcl_Obj\fR structure
which is defined as follows.
.PP
.CS
typedef struct Tcl_Obj {
    size_t \fIrefCount\fR;
    char *\fIbytes\fR;
    size_t \fIlength\fR;
    const Tcl_ObjType *\fItypePtr\fR;
    union {
        long \fIlongValue\fR;
        double \fIdoubleValue\fR;
        void *\fIotherValuePtr\fR;
        Tcl_WideInt \fIwideValue\fR;
        struct {

.sp
int
\fBTcl_ReadChars\fR(\fIchannel, readObjPtr, charsToRead, appendFlag\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_Read\fR(\fIchannel, readBuf, bytesToRead\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_GetsObj\fR(\fIchannel, lineObjPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_Gets\fR(\fIchannel, lineRead\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_Ungets\fR(\fIchannel, input, inputLen, addAtEnd\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_WriteObj\fR(\fIchannel, writeObjPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_WriteChars\fR(\fIchannel, charBuf, bytesToWrite\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_Write\fR(\fIchannel, byteBuf, bytesToWrite\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ReadRaw\fR(\fIchannel, readBuf, bytesToRead\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_WriteRaw\fR(\fIchannel, byteBuf, bytesToWrite\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_Eof\fR(\fIchannel\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_Flush\fR(\fIchannel\fR)

The name of a local or network file.
.AP "const char" *mode in
Specifies how the file is to be accessed.  May have any of the values
allowed for the \fImode\fR argument to the Tcl \fBopen\fR command.
.AP int permissions in
POSIX-style permission flags such as 0644.  If a new file is created, these
permissions will be set on the created file.
.AP size_t argc in
The number of elements in \fIargv\fR.
.AP "const char" **argv in
Arguments for constructing a command pipeline.  These values have the same
meaning as the non-switch arguments to the Tcl \fBexec\fR command.
.AP int flags in
Specifies the disposition of the stdio handles in pipeline: OR-ed
combination of \fBTCL_STDIN\fR, \fBTCL_STDOUT\fR, \fBTCL_STDERR\fR, and

The pattern to match on, passed to Tcl_StringMatch, or NULL.
.AP Tcl_Channel channel in
A Tcl channel for input or output.  Must have been the return value
from a procedure such as \fBTcl_OpenFileChannel\fR.
.AP Tcl_Obj *readObjPtr in/out
A pointer to a Tcl value in which to store the characters read from the
channel.
.AP size_t charsToRead in
The number of characters to read from the channel.  If the channel's encoding
is \fBbinary\fR, this is equivalent to the number of bytes to read from the
channel.
.AP int appendFlag in
If non-zero, data read from the channel will be appended to the value.
Otherwise, the data will replace the existing contents of the value.
.AP char *readBuf out
A buffer in which to store the bytes read from the channel.
.AP size_t bytesToRead in
The number of bytes to read from the channel.  The buffer \fIreadBuf\fR must
be large enough to hold this many bytes.
.AP Tcl_Obj *lineObjPtr in/out
A pointer to a Tcl value in which to store the line read from the
channel.  The line read will be appended to the current value of the
value.
.AP Tcl_DString *lineRead in/out
A pointer to a Tcl dynamic string in which to store the line read from the
channel.  Must have been initialized by the caller.  The line read will be
appended to any data already in the dynamic string.
.AP "const char" *input in
The input to add to a channel buffer.
.AP size_t inputLen in
Length of the input
.AP int addAtEnd in
Flag indicating whether the input should be added to the end or
beginning of the channel buffer.
.AP Tcl_Obj *writeObjPtr in
A pointer to a Tcl value whose contents will be output to the channel.
.AP "const char" *charBuf in
A buffer containing the characters to output to the channel.
.AP "const char" *byteBuf in
A buffer containing the bytes to output to the channel.
.AP size_t bytesToWrite in
The number of bytes to consume from \fIcharBuf\fR or \fIbyteBuf\fR and
output to the channel.
.AP "long long" offset in
How far to move the access point in the channel at which the next input or
output operation will be applied, measured in bytes from the position
given by \fIseekMode\fR.  May be either positive or negative.
.AP int seekMode in

.SH "TCL_READCHARS AND TCL_READ"
.PP
\fBTcl_ReadChars\fR consumes bytes from \fIchannel\fR, converting the bytes
to UTF-8 based on the channel's encoding and storing the produced data in
\fIreadObjPtr\fR's string representation.  The return value of
\fBTcl_ReadChars\fR is the number of characters, up to \fIcharsToRead\fR,
that were stored in \fIreadObjPtr\fR.  If an error occurs while reading, the
return value is TCL_INDEX_NONE and \fBTcl_ReadChars\fR records a POSIX error code that
can be retrieved with \fBTcl_GetErrno\fR.
.PP
Setting \fIcharsToRead\fR to TCL_INDEX_NONE will cause the command to read
all characters currently available (non-blocking) or everything until
eof (blocking mode).
.PP
The return value may be smaller than the value to read, indicating that less
data than requested was available.  This is called a \fIshort read\fR.  In
blocking mode, this can only happen on an end-of-file.  In nonblocking mode,
a short read can also occur if there is not enough input currently

channel is treated as an individual Unicode character.  All of the
characters of the line except for the terminating end-of-line character(s)
are appended to \fIlineObjPtr\fR's string representation.  The end-of-line
character(s) are read and discarded.
.PP
If a line was successfully read, the return value is greater than or equal
to zero and indicates the number of bytes stored in \fIlineObjPtr\fR.  If an
error occurs, \fBTcl_GetsObj\fR returns TCL_INDEX_NONE and records a POSIX error code
that can be retrieved with \fBTcl_GetErrno\fR.  \fBTcl_GetsObj\fR also
returns TCL_INDEX_NONE if the end of the file is reached; the \fBTcl_Eof\fR procedure
can be used to distinguish an error from an end-of-file condition.
.PP
If the channel is in nonblocking mode, the return value can also be TCL_INDEX_NONE
if no data was available or the data that was available did not contain an
end-of-line character.  When TCL_INDEX_NONE is returned, the \fBTcl_InputBlocked\fR
procedure may be invoked to determine if the channel is blocked because
of input unavailability.
.PP
\fBTcl_Gets\fR is the same as \fBTcl_GetsObj\fR except the resulting
characters are appended to the dynamic string given by
\fIlineRead\fR rather than a Tcl value.
.SH "TCL_UNGETS"
.PP
\fBTcl_Ungets\fR is used to add data to the input queue of a channel,
at either the head or tail of the queue.  The pointer \fIinput\fR points
to the data that is to be added.  The length of the input to add is given
by \fIinputLen\fR.  A non-zero value of \fIaddAtEnd\fR indicates that the
data is to be added at the end of queue; otherwise it will be added at the
head of the queue.  If \fIchannel\fR has a
.QW sticky
EOF set, no data will be
added to the input queue.  \fBTcl_Ungets\fR returns \fIinputLen\fR or
TCL_INDEX_NONE if an error occurs.
.SH "TCL_WRITECHARS, TCL_WRITEOBJ, AND TCL_WRITE"
.PP
\fBTcl_WriteChars\fR accepts \fIbytesToWrite\fR bytes of character data at
\fIcharBuf\fR.  The UTF-8 characters in the buffer are converted to the
channel's encoding and queued for output to \fIchannel\fR.  If
\fIbytesToWrite\fR is negative, \fBTcl_WriteChars\fR expects \fIcharBuf\fR
to be null-terminated and it outputs everything up to the null.
.PP
Data queued for output may not appear on the output device immediately, due
to internal buffering.  If the data should appear immediately, call
\fBTcl_Flush\fR after the call to \fBTcl_WriteChars\fR, or set the
\fB\-buffering\fR option on the channel to \fBnone\fR.  If you wish the data
to appear as soon as a complete line is accepted for output, set the
\fB\-buffering\fR option on the channel to \fBline\fR mode.
.PP
The return value of \fBTcl_WriteChars\fR is a count of how many bytes were
accepted for output to the channel.  This is either TCL_INDEX_NONE to
indicate that an error occurred or another number greater than
zero to indicate success.  If an error occurs, \fBTcl_WriteChars\fR records
a POSIX error code that may be retrieved with \fBTcl_GetErrno\fR.
.PP
Newline characters in the output data are translated to platform-specific
end-of-line sequences according to the \fB\-translation\fR option for the
channel.  This is done even if the channel has no encoding.

\fIoptionName\fR is NULL, the function stores an alternating list of option
names and their values in \fIoptionValue\fR, using a series of calls to
\fBTcl_DStringAppendElement\fR. The various preexisting options and
their possible values are described in the manual entry for the Tcl
\fBfconfigure\fR command. Other options can be added by each channel type.
These channel type specific options are described in the manual entry for
the Tcl command that creates a channel of that type; for example, the
additional options for TCP based channels are described in the manual entry
for the Tcl \fBsocket\fR command.
The procedure normally returns \fBTCL_OK\fR. If an error occurs, it returns
\fBTCL_ERROR\fR and calls \fBTcl_SetErrno\fR to store an appropriate POSIX
error code.
.SH TCL_SETCHANNELOPTION
.PP
\fBTcl_SetChannelOption\fR sets a new value \fInewValue\fR

.sp
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_PanicProc *panicProc
.AP "const char*" format in
A printf-style format string.
.AP "" arg in
Arguments matching the format string.
.AP va_list argList in
An argument list of arguments matching the format string.
Must have been initialized using \fBva_start\fR,
and cleared using \fBva_end\fR.
.AP Tcl_PanicProc *panicProc in
Procedure to report fatal error message and abort.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
When the Tcl library detects that its internal data structures are in an
inconsistent state, or that its C procedures have been called in a

\fBTcl_ParseArgsObjv\fR(\fIinterp, argTable, objcPtr, objv, remObjv\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const Tcl_ArgvInfo" ***remObjv in/out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp out
Where to store error messages.
.AP "const Tcl_ArgvInfo" *argTable in
Pointer to array of option descriptors.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *objcPtr in/out
A pointer to variable holding number of arguments in \fIobjv\fR. Will be
modified to hold number of arguments left in the unprocessed argument list
stored in \fIremObjv\fR.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" *objv in
The array of arguments to be parsed.
.AP Tcl_Obj ***remObjv out
Pointer to a variable that will hold the array of unprocessed arguments.

For procedures other than \fBTcl_FreeParse\fR and
\fBTcl_EvalTokensStandard\fR, used only for error reporting;
if NULL, then no error messages are left after errors.
For \fBTcl_EvalTokensStandard\fR, determines the context for evaluating
the script and also is used for error reporting; must not be NULL.
.AP "const char" *start in
Pointer to first character in string to parse.
.AP size_t numBytes in
Number of bytes in string to parse, not including any terminating null
character.  If less than 0 then the script consists of all characters
following \fIstart\fR up to the first null character.
.AP int nested in
Non-zero means that the script is part of a command substitution so an
unquoted close bracket should be treated as a command terminator.  If zero,
close brackets have no special meaning.

\fBTcl_ParseCommand\fR, \fBTcl_ParseExpr\fR, \fBTcl_ParseBraces\fR,
\fBTcl_ParseQuotedString\fR, and \fBTcl_ParseVarName\fR
return parse information in two data structures, Tcl_Parse and Tcl_Token:
.PP
.CS
typedef struct Tcl_Parse {
    const char *\fIcommentStart\fR;
    size_t \fIcommentSize\fR;
    const char *\fIcommandStart\fR;
    size_t \fIcommandSize\fR;
    size_t \fInumWords\fR;
    Tcl_Token *\fItokenPtr\fR;
    size_t \fInumTokens\fR;
    ...
} \fBTcl_Parse\fR;

typedef struct Tcl_Token {
    int \fItype\fR;
    const char *\fIstart\fR;
    size_t \fIsize\fR;
    size_t \fInumComponents\fR;
} \fBTcl_Token\fR;
.CE
.PP
The first five fields of a Tcl_Parse structure
are filled in only by \fBTcl_ParseCommand\fR.
These fields are not used by the other parsing procedures.
.PP

.AP "const void" *clientData in
Arbitrary value to be associated with the package.
.AP void *clientDataPtr out
Pointer to place to store the value associated with the matching
package. It is only changed if the pointer is not NULL and the
function completed successfully. The storage can be any pointer
type with the same size as a void pointer.
.AP size_t objc in
Number of requirements.
.AP Tcl_Obj* objv[] in
Array of requirements.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
These procedures provide C-level interfaces to Tcl's package and

by \fBTcl_GetRegExpFromObj\fR or \fBTcl_RegExpCompile\fR.
.AP "const char" *start in
If \fItext\fR is just a portion of some other string, this argument
identifies the beginning of the larger string.
If it is not the same as \fItext\fR, then no
.QW \fB^\fR
matches will be allowed.
.AP size_t index in
Specifies which range is desired:  0 means the range of the entire
match, 1 or greater means the range that matched a parenthesized
sub-expression.
.AP "const char" **startPtr out
The address of the first character in the range is stored here, or
NULL if there is no such range.
.AP "const char" **endPtr out
The address of the character just after the last one in the range
is stored here, or NULL if there is no such range.
.AP int cflags in
OR-ed combination of the compilation flags \fBTCL_REG_ADVANCED\fR,
\fBTCL_REG_EXTENDED\fR, \fBTCL_REG_BASIC\fR, \fBTCL_REG_EXPANDED\fR,
\fBTCL_REG_QUOTE\fR, \fBTCL_REG_NOCASE\fR, \fBTCL_REG_NEWLINE\fR,
\fBTCL_REG_NLSTOP\fR, \fBTCL_REG_NLANCH\fR, \fBTCL_REG_NOSUB\fR, and
\fBTCL_REG_CANMATCH\fR. See below for more information.
.AP size_t offset in
The character offset into the text where matching should begin.
The value of the offset has no impact on \fB^\fR matches.  This
behavior is controlled by \fIeflags\fR.
.AP size_t nmatches in
The number of matching subexpressions that should be remembered for
later use.  If this value is 0, then no subexpression match
information will be computed.  If the value is TCL_INDEX_NONE, then
all of the matching subexpressions will be remembered.  Any other
value will be taken as the maximum number of subexpressions to
remember.
.AP int eflags in
OR-ed combination of the execution flags \fBTCL_REG_NOTBOL\fR and
\fBTCL_REG_NOTEOL\fR. See below for more information.
.AP Tcl_RegExpInfo *infoPtr out

\fBTcl_RegExpGetInfo\fR retrieves information about the last match
performed with a given regular expression \fIregexp\fR.  The
\fIinfoPtr\fR argument contains a pointer to a structure that is
defined as follows:
.PP
.CS
typedef struct Tcl_RegExpInfo {
    size_t \fInsubs\fR;
    Tcl_RegExpIndices *\fImatches\fR;
    size_t \fIextendStart\fR;
} \fBTcl_RegExpInfo\fR;
.CE
.PP
The \fInsubs\fR field contains a count of the number of parenthesized
subexpressions within the regular expression.  If the \fBTCL_REG_NOSUB\fR
was used, then this value will be zero.  The \fImatches\fR field
points to an array of \fInsubs\fR+1 values that indicate the bounds of each
subexpression matched.  The first element in the array refers to the
range matched by the entire regular expression, and subsequent elements
refer to the parenthesized subexpressions in the order that they
appear in the pattern.  Each element is a structure that is defined as
follows:
.PP
.CS
typedef struct Tcl_RegExpIndices {
    size_t \fIstart\fR;
    size_t \fIend\fR;
} \fBTcl_RegExpIndices\fR;
.CE
.PP
The \fIstart\fR and \fIend\fR values are Unicode character indices
relative to the offset location within \fIobjPtr\fR where matching began.
The \fIstart\fR index identifies the first character of the matched
subexpression.  The \fIend\fR index identifies the first character

.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_SetRecursionLimit \- set maximum allowable nesting depth in interpreter
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_SetRecursionLimit\fR(\fIinterp, depth\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_Interp *interp
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter whose recursion limit is to be set.
Must be greater than zero.
.AP size_t depth in
New limit for nested calls to \fBTcl_Eval\fR for \fIinterp\fR.
.BE

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
At any given time Tcl enforces a limit on the number of recursive
calls that may be active for \fBTcl_Eval\fR and related procedures

.sp
\fBTcl_TransferResult\fR(\fIsourceInterp, code, targetInterp\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR(\fIinterp, element\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_FreeProc sourceInterp out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp out
Interpreter whose result is to be modified or read.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
Tcl value to become result for \fIinterp\fR.
.AP char *result in
String value to become result for \fIinterp\fR or to be
appended to the existing result.
.AP "const char" *element in
String value to append as a list element
to the existing result of \fIinterp\fR.
.AP Tcl_FreeProc *freeProc in
Address of procedure to call to release storage at
\fIresult\fR, or \fBTCL_STATIC\fR, \fBTCL_DYNAMIC\fR, or
\fBTCL_VOLATILE\fR.
.AP va_list argList in
An argument list which must have been initialized using
\fBva_start\fR, and cleared using \fBva_end\fR.
.AP Tcl_Interp *sourceInterp in
Interpreter that the result and return options should be transferred from.
.AP Tcl_Interp *targetInterp in
Interpreter that the result and return options should be transferred to.
.AP int code in
Return code value that controls transfer of return options.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The procedures described here are utilities for manipulating the
result value in a Tcl interpreter.
The interpreter result may be either a Tcl value or a string.
For example, \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR and \fBTcl_SetResult\fR
set the interpreter result to, respectively, a value and a string.
Similarly, \fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR and \fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR
return the interpreter result as a value and as a string.
The procedures always keep the string and value forms
of the interpreter result consistent.
For example, if \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR is called to set
the result to a value,
then \fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR is called,
it will return the value's string representation.

.PP
\fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR
arranges for \fIobjPtr\fR to be the result for \fIinterp\fR,
replacing any existing result.
The result is left pointing to the value
referenced by \fIobjPtr\fR.
\fIobjPtr\fR's reference count is incremented
since there is now a new reference to it from \fIinterp\fR.
The reference count for any old result value
is decremented and the old result value is freed if no
references to it remain.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR returns the result for \fIinterp\fR as a value.
The value's reference count is not incremented;
if the caller needs to retain a long-term pointer to the value
they should use \fBTcl_IncrRefCount\fR to increment its reference count
in order to keep it from being freed too early or accidentally changed.
.PP
\fBTcl_SetResult\fR
arranges for \fIresult\fR to be the result for the current Tcl
command in \fIinterp\fR, replacing any existing result.
The \fIfreeProc\fR argument specifies how to manage the storage
for the \fIresult\fR argument;
it is discussed in the section
\fBTHE TCL_FREEPROC ARGUMENT TO TCL_SETRESULT\fR below.
If \fIresult\fR is \fBNULL\fR, then \fIfreeProc\fR is ignored
and \fBTcl_SetResult\fR
re-initializes \fIinterp\fR's result to point to an empty string.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR returns the result for \fIinterp\fR as a string.
If the result was set to a value by a \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR call,
the value form will be converted to a string and returned.
If the value's string representation contains null bytes,
this conversion will lose information.

For this reason, programmers are encouraged to
write their code to use the new value API procedures
and to call \fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR instead.
.PP
\fBTcl_ResetResult\fR clears the result for \fIinterp\fR
and leaves the result in its normal empty initialized state.
If the result is a value,
its reference count is decremented and the result is left
pointing to an unshared value representing an empty string.
If the result is a dynamically allocated string, its memory is free*d
and the result is left as a empty string.
\fBTcl_ResetResult\fR also clears the error state managed by
\fBTcl_AddErrorInfo\fR, \fBTcl_AddObjErrorInfo\fR,
and \fBTcl_SetErrorCode\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_AppendResult\fR makes it easy to build up Tcl results in pieces.
It takes each of its \fIresult\fR arguments and appends them in order
to the current result associated with \fIinterp\fR.
If the result is in its initialized empty state (e.g. a command procedure
was just invoked or \fBTcl_ResetResult\fR was just called),
then \fBTcl_AppendResult\fR sets the result to the concatenation of
its \fIresult\fR arguments.
\fBTcl_AppendResult\fR may be called repeatedly as additional pieces
of the result are produced.
\fBTcl_AppendResult\fR takes care of all the
storage management issues associated with managing \fIinterp\fR's
result, such as allocating a larger result area if necessary.
It also manages conversion to and from the \fIresult\fR field of the
\fIinterp\fR so as to handle backward-compatibility with old-style
extensions.
Any number of \fIresult\fR arguments may be passed in a single
call; the last argument in the list must be a NULL pointer.
.PP
\fBTcl_TransferResult\fR transfers interpreter state from \fIsourceInterp\fR
to \fItargetInterp\fR. The two interpreters must have been created in the
same thread.  If \fIsourceInterp\fR and \fItargetInterp\fR are the same,
nothing is done. Otherwise, \fBTcl_TransferResult\fR moves the result
from \fIsourceInterp\fR to \fItargetInterp\fR, and resets the result
in \fIsourceInterp\fR. It also moves the return options dictionary as
controlled by the return code value \fIcode\fR in the same manner
as \fBTcl_GetReturnOptions\fR.


.SH "DEPRECATED INTERFACES"
.SS "OLD STRING PROCEDURES"
.PP
Use of the following procedures is deprecated
since they manipulate the Tcl result as a string.
Procedures such as \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR
that manipulate the result as a value
can be significantly more efficient.
.PP
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR is similar to \fBTcl_AppendResult\fR in
that it allows results to be built up in pieces.
However, \fBTcl_AppendElement\fR takes only a single \fIelement\fR
argument and it appends that argument to the current result
as a proper Tcl list element.
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR adds backslashes or braces if necessary
to ensure that \fIinterp\fR's result can be parsed as a list and that
\fIelement\fR will be extracted as a single element.
Under normal conditions, \fBTcl_AppendElement\fR will add a space
character to \fIinterp\fR's result just before adding the new
list element, so that the list elements in the result are properly
separated.
However if the new list element is the first in a list or sub-list
(i.e. \fIinterp\fR's current result is empty, or consists of the
single character
.QW { ,
or ends in the characters
.QW " {" )
then no space is added.
.SH "THE TCL_FREEPROC ARGUMENT TO TCL_SETRESULT"
.PP
\fBTcl_SetResult\fR's \fIfreeProc\fR argument specifies how
the Tcl system is to manage the storage for the \fIresult\fR argument.
If \fBTcl_SetResult\fR or \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR are called
at a time when \fIinterp\fR holds a string result,
they do whatever is necessary to dispose of the old string result
(see the \fBTcl_Interp\fR manual entry for details on this).
.PP
If \fIfreeProc\fR is \fBTCL_STATIC\fR it means that \fIresult\fR
refers to an area of static storage that is guaranteed not to be
modified until at least the next call to \fBTcl_Eval\fR.
If \fIfreeProc\fR
is \fBTCL_DYNAMIC\fR it means that \fIresult\fR was allocated with a call
to \fBTcl_Alloc\fR and is now the property of the Tcl system.
\fBTcl_SetResult\fR will arrange for the string's storage to be
released by calling \fBTcl_Free\fR when it is no longer needed.
If \fIfreeProc\fR is \fBTCL_VOLATILE\fR it means that \fIresult\fR
points to an area of memory that is likely to be overwritten when
\fBTcl_SetResult\fR returns (e.g. it points to something in a stack frame).
In this case \fBTcl_SetResult\fR will make a copy of the string in
dynamically allocated storage and arrange for the copy to be the
result for the current Tcl command.
.PP
If \fIfreeProc\fR is not one of the values \fBTCL_STATIC\fR,
\fBTCL_DYNAMIC\fR, and \fBTCL_VOLATILE\fR, then it is the address
of a procedure that Tcl should call to free the string.
This allows applications to use non-standard storage allocators.
When Tcl no longer needs the storage for the string, it will
call \fIfreeProc\fR. \fIFreeProc\fR should have arguments and
result that match the type \fBTcl_FreeProc\fR:
.PP
.CS
typedef void \fBTcl_FreeProc\fR(
        char *\fIblockPtr\fR);
.CE
.PP
When \fIfreeProc\fR is called, its \fIblockPtr\fR will be set to
the value of \fIresult\fR passed to \fBTcl_SetResult\fR.

.SH "REFERENCE COUNT MANAGEMENT"
.PP
The interpreter result is one of the main places that owns references to
values, along with the bytecode execution stack, argument lists, variables,
and the list and dictionary collection values.
.PP
\fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR takes a value with an arbitrary reference count
\fI(specifically including zero)\fR and guarantees to increment the reference
count. If code wishes to continue using the value after setting it as the
result, it should add its own reference to it with \fBTcl_IncrRefCount\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetObjResult\fR returns the current interpreter result value. This will
have a reference count of at least 1. If the caller wishes to keep the
interpreter result value, it should increment its reference count.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetStringResult\fR does not manipulate reference counts, but the string
it returns is owned by (and has a lifetime controlled by) the current
interpreter result value; it should be copied instead of being relied upon to
persist after the next Tcl API call, as most Tcl operations can modify the
interpreter result.
.PP
\fBTcl_SetResult\fR, \fBTcl_AppendResult\fR, \fBTcl_AppendResultVA\fR,
\fBTcl_AppendElement\fR, and \fBTcl_ResetResult\fR all modify the interpreter
result. They may cause the old interpreter result to have its reference count
decremented and a new interpreter result to be allocated. After they have been
called, the reference count of the interpreter result is guaranteed to be 1.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Tcl_AddErrorInfo, Tcl_CreateObjCommand, Tcl_SetErrorCode, Tcl_Interp,
Tcl_GetReturnOptions
.SH KEYWORDS
append, command, element, list, value, result, return value, interpreter

.PP
The result of \fBTcl_SetVar2Ex\fR, \fBTcl_ObjSetVar2\fR, \fBTcl_GetVar2Ex\fR,
and \fBTcl_ObjGetVar2\fR is (if non-NULL) a value with a reference of at least
1, where that reference is held by the variable that the function has just
operated upon.
.PP
The \fInewValuePtr\fR argument to \fBTcl_SetVar2Ex\fR and \fBTcl_ObjSetVar2\fR
may be an arbitrary reference count value; its reference count will be
incremented on success. However, it is recommended to not use a zero reference
count value, as that makes correct handling of the error case tricky.
.PP
The \fIpart1\fR argument to \fBTcl_ObjSetVar2\fR and \fBTcl_ObjGetVar2\fR can
have any reference count; these functions never modify it. It is recommended
to not use a zero reference count for this argument.
.PP
The \fIpart2\fR argument to \fBTcl_ObjSetVar2\fR and \fBTcl_ObjGetVar2\fR, if
non-NULL, should not have a zero reference count as these functions may
retain a reference to it (particularly when it is used to create an array
element that did not previously exist).


.SH "SEE ALSO"
Tcl_GetObjResult, Tcl_GetStringResult, Tcl_TraceVar

.SH KEYWORDS
array, get variable, interpreter, scalar, set, unset, value, variable

.sp
int
\fBTcl_SplitList\fR(\fIinterp, list, argcPtr, argvPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_Merge\fR(\fIargc, argv\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ScanElement\fR(\fIsrc, flagsPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ScanCountedElement\fR(\fIsrc, length, flagsPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ConvertElement\fR(\fIsrc, dst, flags\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_ConvertCountedElement\fR(\fIsrc, length, dst, flags\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const char *const" ***argvPtr out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp out
Interpreter to use for error reporting.  If NULL, then no error message
is left.
.AP "const char" *list in
Pointer to a string with proper list structure.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *argcPtr out
Filled in with number of elements in \fIlist\fR.
.AP "const char" ***argvPtr out
\fI*argvPtr\fR will be filled in with the address of an array of
pointers to the strings that are the extracted elements of \fIlist\fR.
There will be \fI*argcPtr\fR valid entries in the array, followed by
a NULL entry.
.AP size_t argc in
Number of elements in \fIargv\fR.
.AP "const char *const" *argv in
Array of strings to merge together into a single list.
Each string will become a separate element of the list.
.AP "const char" *src in
String that is to become an element of a list.
.AP int *flagsPtr in
Pointer to word to fill in with information about \fIsrc\fR.
The value of *\fIflagsPtr\fR must be passed to \fBTcl_ConvertElement\fR.
.AP size_t length in
Number of bytes in string \fIsrc\fR.
.AP char *dst in
Place to copy converted list element.  Must contain enough characters
to hold converted string.
.AP int flags in
Information about \fIsrc\fR. Must be value returned by previous
call to \fBTcl_ScanElement\fR, possibly OR-ed

addition to the array of pointers, it
also holds copies of all the list elements.  It is the caller's
responsibility to free up all of this storage.
For example, suppose that you have called \fBTcl_SplitList\fR with
the following code:
.PP
.CS
size_t argc;
int code;
char *string;
char **argv;
\&...
code = \fBTcl_SplitList\fR(interp, string, &argc, &argv);
.CE
.PP

Tcl_PathType
\fBTcl_GetPathType\fR(\fIpath\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const char *const" ***argvPtr in/out
.AP "const char" *path in
File path in a form appropriate for the current platform (see the
\fBfilename\fR manual entry for acceptable forms for path names).
.AP "size_t \&| int" *argcPtr out
Filled in with number of path elements in \fIpath\fR.
.AP "const char" ***argvPtr out
\fI*argvPtr\fR will be filled in with the address of an array of
pointers to the strings that are the extracted elements of \fIpath\fR.
There will be \fI*argcPtr\fR valid entries in the array, followed by
a NULL entry.
.AP size_t argc in
Number of elements in \fIargv\fR.
.AP "const char *const" *argv in
Array of path elements to merge together into a single path.
.AP Tcl_DString *resultPtr in/out
A pointer to an initialized \fBTcl_DString\fR to which the result of
\fBTcl_JoinPath\fR will be appended.
.BE

dynamically allocated; in addition to the array of pointers, it also
holds copies of all the path elements.  It is the caller's
responsibility to free all of this storage.
For example, suppose that you have called \fBTcl_SplitPath\fR with the
following code:
.PP
.CS
size_t argc;
char *path;
char **argv;
\&...
Tcl_SplitPath(string, &argc, &argv);
.CE
.PP
Then you should eventually free the storage with a call like the

.sp
Tcl_UniChar *
\fBTcl_GetUnicode\fR(\fIobjPtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetUniChar\fR(\fIobjPtr, index\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_GetCharLength\fR(\fIobjPtr\fR)
.sp
Tcl_Obj *
\fBTcl_GetRange\fR(\fIobjPtr, first, last\fR)
.sp
void
\fBTcl_AppendToObj\fR(\fIobjPtr, bytes, length\fR)

\fBTcl_ConcatObj\fR(\fIobjc, objv\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const Tcl_UniChar" *appendObjPtr in/out
.AP "const char" *bytes in
Points to the first byte of an array of UTF-8-encoded bytes
used to set or append to a string value.
This byte array may contain embedded null characters
unless \fInumChars\fR is \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR.  (Applications needing null bytes
should represent them as the two-byte sequence \fI\e300\e200\fR, use
\fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR to convert, or \fBTcl_NewByteArrayObj\fR if
the string is a collection of uninterpreted bytes.)
.AP size_t length in
The number of bytes to copy from \fIbytes\fR when
initializing, setting, or appending to a string value.
If \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR, all bytes up to the first null are used.
.AP "const Tcl_UniChar" *unicode in
Points to the first byte of an array of Unicode characters
used to set or append to a string value.
This byte array may contain embedded null characters
unless \fInumChars\fR is \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR.
.AP size_t numChars in
The number of Unicode characters to copy from \fIunicode\fR when
initializing, setting, or appending to a string value.
If \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR, all characters up to the first null character are used.
.AP size_t index in
The index of the Unicode character to return.
.AP size_t first in
The index of the first Unicode character in the Unicode range to be
returned as a new value. If \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR, behave the same as if the
value was 0.
.AP size_t last in
The index of the last Unicode character in the Unicode range to be
returned as a new value. If \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR, take all characters up to
the last one available.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in/out
Points to a value to manipulate.
.AP Tcl_Obj *appendObjPtr in
The value to append to \fIobjPtr\fR in \fBTcl_AppendObjToObj\fR.
.AP "size_t \&| int" *lengthPtr out
The location where \fBTcl_GetStringFromObj\fR will store the length
of a value's string representation. May be (int *)NULL when not used.
.AP "const char" *string in
Null-terminated string value to append to \fIobjPtr\fR.
.AP va_list argList in
An argument list which must have been initialized using
\fBva_start\fR, and cleared using \fBva_end\fR.
.AP size_t limit in
Maximum number of bytes to be appended.
.AP "const char" *ellipsis in
Suffix to append when the limit leads to string truncation.
If NULL is passed then the suffix
.QW "..."
is used.
.AP "const char" *format in
Format control string including % conversion specifiers.
.AP size_t objc in
The number of elements to format or concatenate.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objv[] in
The array of values to format or concatenate.
.AP size_t newLength in
New length for the string value of \fIobjPtr\fR, not including the
final null character.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The procedures described in this manual entry allow Tcl values to
be manipulated as string values.  They use the internal representation

value's Unicode representation. If the index is out of range or
it references a low surrogate preceded by a high surrogate, it returns -1;
.PP
\fBTcl_GetRange\fR returns a newly created value comprised of the
characters between \fIfirst\fR and \fIlast\fR (inclusive) in the value's
Unicode representation.  If the value's Unicode representation
is invalid, the Unicode representation is regenerated from the value's
string representation.  If \fIfirst\fR == TCL_INDEX_NONE, then the returned
string starts at the beginning of the value. If \fIlast\fR == TCL_INDEX_NONE,
then the returned string ends at the end of the value.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCharLength\fR returns the number of characters (as opposed
to bytes) in the string value.
.PP
\fBTcl_AppendToObj\fR appends the data given by \fIbytes\fR and
\fIlength\fR to the string representation of the value specified by

end result should be kept short enough to be read.
Bytes from \fIbytes\fR are appended to \fIobjPtr\fR, but no more
than \fIlimit\fR bytes total are to be appended. If the limit prevents
all \fIlength\fR bytes that are available from being appended, then the
appending is done so that the last bytes appended are from the
string \fIellipsis\fR. This allows for an indication of the truncation
to be left in the string.
When \fIlength\fR is \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR, all bytes up to the first zero byte are appended,
subject to the limit. When \fIellipsis\fR is NULL, the default
string \fB...\fR is used. When \fIellipsis\fR is non-NULL, it must point
to a zero-byte-terminated string in Tcl's internal UTF encoding.
The number of bytes appended can be less than the lesser
of \fIlength\fR and \fIlimit\fR when appending fewer
bytes is necessary to append only whole multi-byte characters.
.PP

functionality is needed.
.PP
\fBTcl_ObjPrintf\fR serves as a replacement for the common sequence
.PP
.CS
char buf[SOME_SUITABLE_LENGTH];
sprintf(buf, format, ...);
\fBTcl_NewStringObj\fR(buf, \fBTCL_INDEX_NONE\fR);
.CE
.PP
but with greater convenience and no need to
determine \fBSOME_SUITABLE_LENGTH\fR. The formatting is done with the same
core formatting engine used by \fBTcl_Format\fR.  This means the set of
supported conversion specifiers is that of the \fBformat\fR command and
not that of the \fBsprintf\fR routine where the two sets differ. When a

.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter in which to execute Tcl scripts and lookup variables.  If
an error occurs, the interpreter's result is modified to hold an error
message.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
A Tcl value containing the string to perform substitutions on.
.AP int flags in
ORed combination of flag bits that specify which substitutions to
perform.  The flags \fBTCL_SUBST_COMMANDS\fR,
\fBTCL_SUBST_VARIABLES\fR and \fBTCL_SUBST_BACKSLASHES\fR are
currently supported, and \fBTCL_SUBST_ALL\fR is provided as a
convenience for the common case where all substitutions are desired.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP

section \fBGZIP OPTIONS DICTIONARY\fR for details about the contents of this
dictionary.
.AP "unsigned int" initValue in
The initial value for the checksum algorithm.
.AP "unsigned char" *bytes in
An array of bytes to run the checksum algorithm over, or NULL to get the
recommended initial value for the checksum algorithm.
.AP size_t length in
The number of bytes in the array.
.AP int mode in
What mode to operate the stream in. Should be either
\fBTCL_ZLIB_STREAM_DEFLATE\fR for a compressing stream or
\fBTCL_ZLIB_STREAM_INFLATE\fR for a decompressing stream.
.AP Tcl_ZlibStream *zshandlePtr out
A pointer to a variable in which to write the abstract token for the stream
upon successful creation.
.AP Tcl_ZlibStream zshandle in
The abstract token for the stream to operate on.
.AP int flush in
Whether and how to flush the stream after writing the data to it. Must be one
of: \fBTCL_ZLIB_NO_FLUSH\fR if no flushing is to be done, \fBTCL_ZLIB_FLUSH\fR
if the currently compressed data must be made available for access using
\fBTcl_ZlibStreamGet\fR, \fBTCL_ZLIB_FULLFLUSH\fR if the stream must be put
into a state where the decompressor can recover from on corruption, or
\fBTCL_ZLIB_FINALIZE\fR to ensure that the stream is finished and that any
trailer demanded by the format is written.
.AP size_t count in
The maximum number of bytes to get from the stream, or TCL_INDEX_NONE to get
all remaining bytes from the stream's buffers.
.AP Tcl_Obj *compDict in
A byte array value that is the compression dictionary to use with the stream.
Note that this is \fInot a Tcl dictionary\fR, and it is recommended that this
only ever be used with streams that were created with their \fIformat\fR set
to \fBTCL_ZLIB_FORMAT_ZLIB\fR because the other formats have no mechanism to
indicate whether a compression dictionary was present other than to fail on

.sp
Tcl_Obj *
\fBTcl_GetStartupScript\fR(\fIencodingPtr\fR)
.sp
\fBTcl_SetMainLoop\fR(\fImainLoopProc\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_MainLoopProc *mainLoopProc
.AP size_t argc in
Number of elements in \fIargv\fR.
.AP char *argv[] in
Array of strings containing command-line arguments. On Windows, when
using -DUNICODE, the parameter type changes to wchar_t *.
.AP char *charargv[] in
As argv, but does not change type to wchar_t.
.AP char *wideargv[] in

.sp
int
\fBTcl_UniCharToLower\fR(\fIch\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_UniCharToTitle\fR(\fIch\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToUpper\fR(\fIstr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToLower\fR(\fIstr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToTitle\fR(\fIstr\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS char *str in/out
.AP int ch in
The Unicode character to be converted.
.AP char *str in/out
Pointer to UTF-8 string to be converted in place.

char *
\fBTcl_TranslateFileName\fR(\fIinterp\fR, \fIname\fR, \fIbufferPtr\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_DString *bufferPtr in/out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter in which to report an error, if any.
.AP "const char" *name in
File name, which may start with a
.QW ~ .
.AP Tcl_DString *bufferPtr in/out
If needed, this dynamic string is used to store the new file name.
At the time of the call it should be uninitialized or free.  The
caller must eventually call \fBTcl_DStringFree\fR to free up
anything stored here.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION

Tcl_UniChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtf, Tcl_UtfToUniChar, Tcl_UtfToChar16, Tcl_UtfToWChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString, Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString, Tcl_Char16ToUtfDString, Tcl_UtfToWCharDString, Tcl_UtfToChar16DString, Tcl_WCharLen, Tcl_Char16Len, Tcl_UniCharLen, Tcl_UniCharNcmp, Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp, Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch, Tcl_UtfNcmp, Tcl_UtfNcasecmp, Tcl_UtfCharComplete, Tcl_NumUtfChars, Tcl_UtfFindFirst, Tcl_UtfFindLast, Tcl_UtfNext, Tcl_UtfPrev, Tcl_UniCharAtIndex, Tcl_UtfAtIndex, Tcl_UtfBackslash \- routines for manipulating UTF-8 strings
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
typedef ... \fBTcl_UniChar\fR;
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UniCharToUtf\fR(\fIch, buf\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR(\fIsrc, chPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToChar16\fR(\fIsrc, uPtr\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfToWChar\fR(\fIsrc, wPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_UniCharToUtfDString\fR(\fIuniStr, uniLength, dsPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_Char16ToUtfDString\fR(\fIuStr, uniLength, dsPtr\fR)

.sp
int
\fBTcl_UniCharAtIndex\fR(\fIsrc, index\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_UtfAtIndex\fR(\fIsrc, index\fR)
.sp
size_t
\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR(\fIsrc, readPtr, dst\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "const Tcl_UniChar" *uniPattern in/out
.AP char *buf out
Buffer in which the UTF-8 representation of the Tcl_UniChar is stored.  At most
4 bytes are stored in the buffer.
.AP int ch in

A null-terminated wchar_t string.
.AP "const unsigned short" *utf16s in
A null-terminated utf-16 string.
.AP "const unsigned short" *utf16t in
A null-terminated utf-16 string.
.AP "const unsigned short" *utf16Pattern in
A null-terminated utf-16 string.
.AP size_t length in
The length of the UTF-8 string in bytes (not UTF-8 characters).  If
TCL_INDEX_NONE, all bytes up to the first null byte are used.
.AP size_t uniLength in
The length of the Unicode string in characters.
.AP "Tcl_DString" *dsPtr in/out
A pointer to a previously initialized \fBTcl_DString\fR.
.AP "const char" *start in
Pointer to the beginning of a UTF-8 string.
.AP size_t index in
The index of a character (not byte) in the UTF-8 string.
.AP int *readPtr out
If non-NULL, filled with the number of bytes in the backslash sequence,
including the backslash character.
.AP char *dst out
Buffer in which the bytes represented by the backslash sequence are stored.
At most 4 bytes are stored in the buffer.

does not guarantee that the UTF-8 string is properly formed.  This routine
is used by procedures that are operating on a byte at a time and need to
know if a full Unicode character has been seen.
.PP
\fBTcl_NumUtfChars\fR corresponds to \fBstrlen\fR for UTF-8 strings.  It
returns the number of Tcl_UniChars that are represented by the UTF-8 string
\fIsrc\fR.  The length of the source string is \fIlength\fR bytes.  If the
length is TCL_INDEX_NONE, all bytes up to the first null byte are used.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfFindFirst\fR corresponds to \fBstrchr\fR for UTF-8 strings.  It
returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the Unicode character \fIch\fR
in the null-terminated UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR.  The null terminator is
considered part of the UTF-8 string.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfFindLast\fR corresponds to \fBstrrchr\fR for UTF-8 strings.  It

byte \fIsrc[0]\fR nor the byte \fIstart[-1]\fR nor the byte
\fIsrc[-5]\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_UniCharAtIndex\fR corresponds to a C string array dereference or the
Pascal Ord() function.  It returns the Unicode character represented at the
specified character (not byte) \fIindex\fR in the UTF-8 string
\fIsrc\fR.  The source string must contain at least \fIindex\fR
characters.  If \fIindex\fR is TCL_INDEX_NONE or \fIindex\fR points
to the second half of a surrogate pair, it returns -1.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfAtIndex\fR returns a pointer to the specified character (not
byte) \fIindex\fR in the UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR.  The source string must
contain at least \fIindex\fR characters.  This is equivalent to calling
\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR \fIindex\fR times.  If \fIindex\fR is TCL_INDEX_NONE,
the return pointer points to the first character in the source string.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR is a utility procedure used by several of the Tcl
commands.  It parses a backslash sequence and stores the properly formed
UTF-8 character represented by the backslash sequence in the output
buffer \fIdst\fR.  At most 4 bytes are stored in the buffer.
\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR modifies \fI*readPtr\fR to contain the number

.sp
\fBTcl_WrongNumArgs\fR(\fIinterp, objc, objv, message\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS "Tcl_Obj *const" *message
.AP Tcl_Interp interp in
Interpreter in which error will be reported: error message gets stored
in its result value.
.AP size_t objc in
Number of leading arguments from \fIobjv\fR to include in error
message.
.AP "Tcl_Obj *const" objv[] in
Arguments to command that had the wrong number of arguments.
.AP "const char" *message in
Additional error information to print after leading arguments
from \fIobjv\fR.  This typically gives the acceptable syntax

\fBcd\fR command changes the working directory for all interpreters
and all threads.
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
Change to the home directory of the user \fBfred\fR:
.PP
.CS
\fBcd\fR ~fred
.CE
.PP
Change to the directory \fBlib\fR that is a sibling directory of the
current one:
.PP
.CS
\fBcd\fR ../lib

Sets the encoding of the channel.  \fIname\fR is either one of the names
returned by \fBencoding names\fR, or
.QW \fBbinary\fR
\&. Input is converted from the encoding into Unicode, and output is converted
from Unicode to the encoding.
.RS
.PP
\fBbinary\fR is an alias for \fBiso8859-1\fR: Each byte read from the
channel becomes the Unicode character having the same value as that byte, and
each character written to the channel becomes a single byte in the output,
allowing Tcl to work seamlessly with binary data as long as each "character" in
the data remains in the range of 0 to 255 so that there is no distinction between
binary data and text.  For example, A JPEG image can be read from a
\fBbinary\fR channel, manipulated, and then written back to a \fBbinary\fR
channel.

For working with binary data \fB\-translation binary\fR is usually used
instead, as it sets the encoding to \fBbinary\fR and also disables other
translations on the channel.
.PP
The encoding of a new channel is the value of \fBencoding system\fR,
which returns the platform- and locale-dependent system encoding used to
interface with the operating system,
.RE
.TP
\fB\-eofchar\fR \fIchar\fR

translated into a line feed.  For output, each line feed is translated into a
platform-specific representation:  For all Unix variants it is \fBlf\fR, and
for all Windows variants it is \fBcrlf\fR, except that for sockets on all
platforms it is \fBcrlf\fR for both input and output.
.TP
\fBbinary\fR
.
Like \fBlf\fR, no end-of-line translation is performed, but in addition,
\fB\-eofchar\fR is set to the empty string to disable it, and \fB\-encoding\fR
is set to \fBbinary\fR.  With this one setting, a channel is fully configured
for binary input and output.







.TP
\fBcr\fR
.
The end of a line is represented in the external data by a single carriage
return character.  For input, each carriage return is translated to a line
feed, and for output each line feed character is translated to a carriage
return.

translations occur during either input or output.  This translation is
typically used on UNIX platforms,
.RE
.RE
.TP
\fBchan copy \fIinputChan outputChan\fR ?\fB\-size \fIsize\fR? ?\fB\-command \fIcallback\fR?
.
Copies data from \fIinputChan\fR to \fIoutputChan\fR, leveraging internal


buffers to avoid extra copies and to avoid buffering too much data in main
memory when copying large files to slow destinations like network sockets.
.RS
.PP
If \fB\-size\fR is given, the size is in bytes if the two channels have the
same encoding and in characters otherwise, and only that amount is copied.
Otherwise, all data until the end of the file is copied.

\fBchan copy\fR blocks until the copy is complete and returns the number of
bytes or characters written to \fIoutputChan\fR.
.PP
If \fB\-command\fR is given, \fBchan copy\fR returns immediately, the copy is
carried out in the background, and then \fIcallback\fR is called with the
number of bytes written to \fIoutputChan\fR as its first argument, and the
error message for any error that occurred as its second argument.
\fIinputChan\fR and \fIoutputChan\fR are automatically configured for
non-blocking mode if needed.  Background copying only works correctly if the
event loop is active, e.g. via \fBvwait\fR or Tk.
.PP
During a background copy no other read or write operation may be performed on

\fIinputChan\fR or \fIoutputChan\fR.  If either \fIinputChan\fR or



\fIoutputChan\fR is closed while the copy is in progress copying ceases and
\fBno\fR callback is made.  If \fIinputChan\fR is closed all data already queued



































is written to \fIoutputChan\fR.









.PP
The should be no event handler established for \fIinputChan\fR  because it may
become readable during a background copy.  An attempt to read or write

from within an event handler results result in the error,  "channel busy".
.PP

Due to end-of-line translation the number of bytes read from \fIinputChan\fR
may be different than the number of bytes written to \fIoutputChan\fR.  Only

the number of bytes written to \fIoutputChan\fR is reported.

















.PP













\fBChan copy\fR reads the data according to the \fB\-encoding\fR,
\fB\-translation\fR, and \fB\-eofchar\fR of the source and writes to the
destination according to the configuration for that channel.  If the encoding
and translation of both channels is \fBbinary\fR and the \fB\-eofchar\fR of
both channels is the empty string, an identical copy is made.  If only the
encoding of the destination is \fBbinary\fR, Tcl's internal modified UTF-8
representation of the characters read from the source is written to the
destination. If only the encoding of the source is \fBbinary\fR, each byte read
becomes one Unicode character in the range of 0 to 255, and that character is
subject to the encoding and translation of the destination as it is written.



.RE
.TP
\fBchan create \fImode cmdPrefix\fR
.
Creates a new channel, called a \fBreflected\fR channel, with \fIcmdPrefix\fR
as its handler, and returns the name of the channel.  \fBcmdPrefix\fR is the
first words of a command that provides the interface for a \fBrefchan\fR.

The simplest way of using a cookie jar is to just permanently configure it at
the start of the application.
.PP
.CS
package require http
\fBpackage require cookiejar\fR

set cookiedb ~/.tclcookies.db
http::configure -cookiejar [\fBhttp::cookiejar new\fR $cookiedb]

# No further explicit steps are required to use cookies
set tok [http::geturl http://core.tcl-lang.org/]
.CE
.PP
To only allow a particular domain to use cookies, perhaps because you only

    superclass \fBhttp::cookiejar\fR

    method \fBpolicyAllow\fR {operation domain path} {
        return [expr {$domain eq "my.example.com"}]
    }
}

set cookiedb ~/.tclcookies.db
http::configure -cookiejar [MyCookieJar new $cookiedb]

# No further explicit steps are required to use cookies
set tok [http::geturl http://core.tcl-lang.org/]
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
http(n), oo::class(n), sqlite3(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
cookie, internet, security policy, www
'\" Local Variables:
'\" mode: nroff
'\" fill-column: 78
'\" End:

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1998 Scriptics Corporation.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH encoding n "8.1" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
encoding \- Manipulate encodings
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBencoding \fIoption\fR ?\fIarg arg ...\fR?
.BE
.SH INTRODUCTION
.PP
Strings in Tcl are logically a sequence of Unicode characters.





These strings are represented in memory as a sequence of bytes that
may be in one of several encodings: modified UTF\-8 (which uses 1 to 4

bytes per character), or a custom encoding start as 8 bit binary data.




.PP
Different operating system interfaces or applications may generate
strings in other encodings such as Shift\-JIS.  The \fBencoding\fR


command helps to bridge the gap between Unicode and these other


formats.





.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
Performs one of several encoding related operations, depending on
\fIoption\fR.  The legal \fIoption\fRs are:
.TP
\fBencoding convertfrom\fR ?\fIencoding\fR? \fIdata\fR
.TP
\fBencoding convertfrom\fR ?\fB-profile \fIprofile\fR? ?\fB-failindex var\fR? \fIencoding\fR \fIdata\fR
.
Converts \fIdata\fR, which should be in binary string encoded as per
\fIencoding\fR, to a Tcl string. If \fIencoding\fR is not specified, the current
system encoding is used.

.VS "TCL8.7 TIP607, TIP656"
The \fB-profile\fR option determines the command behavior in the presence
of conversion errors. See the \fBPROFILES\fR section below for details. Any premature
termination of processing due to errors is reported through an exception if
the \fB-failindex\fR option is not specified.

If the \fB-failindex\fR is specified, instead of an exception being raised
on premature termination, the result of the conversion up to the point of the
error is returned as the result of the command. In addition, the index
of the source byte triggering the error is stored in \fBvar\fR. If no
errors are encountered, the entire result of the conversion is returned and
the value \fB-1\fR is stored in \fBvar\fR.
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP607, TIP656"
.TP
\fBencoding convertto\fR ?\fIencoding\fR? \fIdata\fR
.TP
\fBencoding convertto\fR ?\fB-profile \fIprofile\fR? ?\fB-failindex var\fR? \fIencoding\fR \fIdata\fR
.
Convert \fIstring\fR to the specified \fIencoding\fR. The result is a Tcl binary
string that contains the sequence of bytes representing the converted string in
the specified encoding. If \fIencoding\fR is not specified, the current system
encoding is used.

.VS "TCL8.7 TIP607, TIP656"
The \fB-profile\fR and \fB-failindex\fR options have the same effect as
described for the \fBencoding convertfrom\fR command.
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP607, TIP656"
.TP
\fBencoding dirs\fR ?\fIdirectoryList\fR?
.
Tcl can load encoding data files from the file system that describe
additional encodings for it to work with. This command sets the search
path for \fB*.enc\fR encoding data files to the list of directories
\fIdirectoryList\fR. If \fIdirectoryList\fR is omitted then the
command returns the current list of directories that make up the
search path. It is an error for \fIdirectoryList\fR to not be a valid
list. If, when a search for an encoding data file is happening, an
element in \fIdirectoryList\fR does not refer to a readable,
searchable directory, that element is ignored.
.TP
\fBencoding names\fR
.
Returns a list containing the names of all of the encodings that are
currently available.
The encodings
.QW utf-8
and
.QW iso8859-1
are guaranteed to be present in the list.
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.TP
\fBencoding profiles\fR
Returns a list of the names of encoding profiles. See \fBPROFILES\fR below.

.VE "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.TP
\fBencoding system\fR ?\fIencoding\fR?
.
Set the system encoding to \fIencoding\fR. If \fIencoding\fR is
omitted then the command returns the current system encoding.  The
system encoding is used whenever Tcl passes strings to system calls.
\" Do not put .VS on whole section as that messes up the bullet list alignment
.SH PROFILES
.PP
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP656"
Operations involving encoding transforms may encounter several types of
errors such as invalid sequences in the source data, characters that
cannot be encoded in the target encoding and so on.
A \fIprofile\fR prescribes the strategy for dealing with such errors
in one of two ways:
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.
.IP \(bu
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP656"
Terminating further processing of the source data. The profile does not
determine how this premature termination is conveyed to the caller. By default,
this is signalled by raising an exception. If the \fB-failindex\fR option
is specified, errors are reported through that mechanism.
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.IP \(bu
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP656"
Continue further processing of the source data using a fallback strategy such
as replacing or discarding the offending bytes in a profile-defined manner.
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.PP
The following profiles are currently implemented with \fBtcl8\fR being
the default if the \fB-profile\fR is not specified.
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.TP
\fBtcl8\fR
.
The \fBtcl8\fR profile always follows the first strategy above and corresponds
to the behavior of encoding transforms in Tcl 8.6. When converting from an
external encoding \fBother than utf-8\fR to Tcl strings with the \fBencoding
convertfrom\fR command, invalid bytes are mapped to their numerically equivalent
code points. For example, the byte 0x80 which is invalid in ASCII would be

mapped to code point U+0080. When converting from \fButf-8\fR, invalid bytes
that are defined in CP1252 are mapped to their Unicode equivalents while those
that are not fall back to the numerical equivalents. For example, byte 0x80 is
defined by CP1252 and is therefore mapped to its Unicode equivalent U+20AC while
byte 0x81 which is not defined by CP1252 is mapped to U+0081. As an additional
special case, the sequence 0xC0 0x80 is mapped to U+0000.

When converting from Tcl strings to an external encoding format using
\fBencoding convertto\fR, characters that cannot be represented in the
target encoding are replaced by an encoding-dependent character, usually
the question mark \fB?\fR.
.TP
\fBstrict\fR
.
The \fBstrict\fR profile always stops processing when an conversion error is
encountered. The error is signalled via an exception or the \fB-failindex\fR
option mechanism. The \fBstrict\fR profile implements a Unicode standard
conformant behavior.
.TP
\fBreplace\fR
.
Like the \fBtcl8\fR profile, the \fBreplace\fR profile always continues
processing on conversion errors but follows a Unicode standard conformant
method for substitution of invalid source data.

When converting an encoded byte sequence to a Tcl string using
\fBencoding convertfrom\fR, invalid bytes
are replaced by the U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER code point.

When encoding a Tcl string with \fBencoding convertto\fR,
code points that cannot be represented in the
target encoding are transformed to an encoding-specific fallback character,
U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER for UTF targets and generally `?` for other
encodings.
.VE "TCL8.7 TIP656"
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
These examples use the utility proc below that prints the Unicode code points
comprising a Tcl string.
.PP
.CS
proc codepoints {s} {join [lmap c [split $s ""] {
    string cat U+ [format %.6X [scan $c %c]]}]
}
.CE
.PP
Example 1: convert a byte sequence in Japanese euc-jp encoding to a TCL string:
.PP
.CS
% codepoints [\fBencoding convertfrom\fR euc-jp "\exA4\exCF"]
U+00306F
.CE
.PP
The result is the unicode codepoint
.QW "\eu306F" ,
which is the Hiragana letter HA.
.VS "TCL8.7 TIP607, TIP656"
.PP
Example 2: Error handling based on profiles:
.PP
The letter \fBA\fR is Unicode character U+0041 and the byte "\ex80" is invalid
in ASCII encoding.
.CS
.PP

% codepoints [encoding convertfrom -profile tcl8 ascii A\ex80]
U+000041 U+000080
% codepoints [encoding convertfrom -profile replace ascii A\ex80]
U+000041 U+00FFFD
% codepoints [encoding convertfrom -profile strict ascii A\ex80]
unexpected byte sequence starting at index 1: '\ex80'
.CE

Many programs on Windows require filename arguments to be passed in with
backslashes as pathname separators. This is done with the help of the
\fBfile nativename\fR command. For example, to make a directory (on NTFS)
encrypted so that only the current user can access it requires use of
the \fICIPHER\fR command, like this:
.PP
.CS
set secureDir "~/Desktop/Secure Directory"
file mkdir $secureDir
\fBexec\fR CIPHER /e /s:[file nativename $secureDir]
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
error(n), file(n), open(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
execute, pipeline, redirection, subprocess

.TH fcopy n 8.0 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
fcopy \- Copy data from one channel to another
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBfcopy \fIinchan\fR \fIoutchan\fR ?\fB\-size \fIsize\fR? ?\fB\-command \fIcallback\fR?
.BE

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The \fBfcopy\fR command copies data from one I/O channel, \fIinchan\fR to another I/O channel, \fIoutchan\fR.

The \fBfcopy\fR command leverages the buffering in the Tcl I/O system to
avoid extra copies and to avoid buffering too much data in
main memory when copying large files to slow destinations like
network sockets.
.PP
The \fBfcopy\fR
command transfers data from \fIinchan\fR until end of file
or \fIsize\fR bytes or characters have been
transferred; \fIsize\fR is in bytes if the input channel is in binary mode,
and is in characters otherwise.
If no \fB\-size\fR argument is given,
then the copy goes until end of file.
All the data read from \fIinchan\fR is copied to \fIoutchan\fR.
Without the \fB\-command\fR option, \fBfcopy\fR blocks until the copy is complete
and returns the number of bytes or characters (using the same rules as
for the \fB\-size\fR option) written to \fIoutchan\fR.
.PP
The \fB\-command\fR argument makes \fBfcopy\fR work in the background.
In this case it returns immediately and the \fIcallback\fR is invoked
later when the copy completes.
The \fIcallback\fR is called with
one or two additional
arguments that indicates how many bytes were written to \fIoutchan\fR.
If an error occurred during the background copy, the second argument is the
error string associated with the error.
With a background copy,
it is not necessary to put \fIinchan\fR or \fIoutchan\fR into
non-blocking mode; the \fBfcopy\fR command takes care of that automatically.
However, it is necessary to enter the event loop by using
the \fBvwait\fR command or by using Tk.
.PP
You are not allowed to do other input operations with \fIinchan\fR, or
output operations with \fIoutchan\fR, during a background
\fBfcopy\fR. The converse is entirely legitimate, as exhibited by the



bidirectional fcopy example below.
.PP
If either \fIinchan\fR or \fIoutchan\fR get closed
while the copy is in progress, the current copy is stopped
and the command callback is \fInot\fR made.
If \fIinchan\fR is closed,
then all data already queued for \fIoutchan\fR is written out.
.PP

Note that \fIinchan\fR can become readable during a background copy.
You should turn off any \fBfileevent\fR handlers during a background
copy so those handlers do not interfere with the copy.

Any wrong-sided I/O attempted (by a \fBfileevent\fR handler or otherwise) will get a

.QW "channel busy"
error.
.PP
\fBFcopy\fR translates end-of-line sequences in \fIinchan\fR and \fIoutchan\fR
according to the \fB\-translation\fR option
for these channels.
See the manual entry for \fBfconfigure\fR for details on the
\fB\-translation\fR option.
The translations mean that the number of bytes read from \fIinchan\fR
can be different than the number of bytes written to \fIoutchan\fR.
Only the number of bytes written to \fIoutchan\fR is reported,
either as the return value of a synchronous \fBfcopy\fR or
as the argument to the callback for an asynchronous \fBfcopy\fR.
.PP
\fBFcopy\fR obeys the encodings and character translations configured
for the channels. This
means that the incoming characters are converted internally first
UTF-8 and then into the encoding of the channel \fBfcopy\fR writes
to. See the manual entry for \fBfconfigure\fR for details on the
\fB\-encoding\fR and \fB\-translation\fR options. No conversion is
done if both channels are
set to encoding
.QW binary
and have matching translations. If only the output channel is set to encoding
.QW binary
the system will write the internal UTF-8 representation of the incoming
characters. If only the input channel is set to encoding
.QW binary
the system will assume that the incoming
bytes are valid UTF-8 characters and convert them according to the
output encoding. The behaviour of the system for bytes which are not
valid UTF-8 characters is undefined in this case.
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
The first example transfers the contents of one channel exactly to
another. Note that when copying one file to another, it is better to
use \fBfile copy\fR which also copies file metadata (e.g. the file
access permissions) where possible.
.PP

    incr total $bytes
    if {([string length $error] != 0) || [eof $in]} {
        set done $total
        close $in
        close $out
    } else {
        \fBfcopy\fR $in $out -size $chunk \e
                -command [list CopyMore $in $out $chunk]
    }
}
set in [open $file1]
set out [socket $server $port]
set chunk 1024
set total 0
\fBfcopy\fR $in $out -size $chunk \e
        -command [list CopyMore $in $out $chunk]
vwait done
.CE
.PP
The fourth example starts an asynchronous, bidirectional fcopy between
two sockets. Those could also be pipes from two [open "|hal 9000" r+]
(though their conversation would remain secret to the script, since
all four fileevent slots are busy).

.QW \fB\-hard\fR .
.PP
On Unix, symbolic links can be made to relative paths, and those paths
must be relative to the actual \fIlinkName\fR's location (not to the
cwd), but on all other platforms where relative links are not supported,
target paths will always be converted to absolute, normalized form
before the link is created (and therefore relative paths are interpreted
as relative to the cwd).  Furthermore,
.QW ~user
paths are always expanded
to absolute form.  When creating links on filesystems that either do not
support any links, or do not support the specific type requested, an
error message will be returned.  Most Unix platforms support both
symbolic and hard links (the latter for files only). Windows
supports symbolic directory links and hard file links on NTFS drives.
.RE
.TP
\fBfile lstat \fIname ?varName?\fR

On Windows, a file can be
.QW started
easily enough (equivalent to double-clicking on it in the Explorer
interface) but the name passed to the operating system must be in
native format:
.PP
.CS
exec {*}[auto_execok start] {} [\fBfile nativename\fR ~/example.txt]
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
filename(n), open(n), close(n), eof(n), gets(n), tell(n), seek(n),
fblocked(n), flush(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
attributes, copy files, delete files, directory, file, move files, name,
rename files, stat, user
'\" Local Variables:
'\" mode: nroff
'\" fill-column: 78
'\" End:

named in any \fB\-directory\fR or \fB\-path\fR path specification.
Thus
.QW "\fBglob \-tails \-directory $dir *\fR"
is equivalent to
.QW "\fBset pwd [pwd]; cd $dir; glob *; cd $pwd\fR" .
For \fB\-path\fR specifications, the returned names will include the last
path segment, so
.QW "\fBglob \-tails \-path [file rootname ~/foo.tex] .*\fR"
will return paths like \fBfoo.aux foo.bib foo.tex\fR etc.
.TP
\fB\-types\fR \fItypeList\fR
.
Only list files or directories which match \fItypeList\fR, where the items
in the list have two forms. The first form is like the \-type option of
the Unix find command:

and
.QW .. \|
which must be matched explicitly (this is to avoid a recursive pattern like
.QW "glob \-join * * * *"
from recursing up the directory hierarchy as well as down). In addition, all
.QW /
characters must be matched explicitly.
.LP
If the first character in a \fIpattern\fR is
.QW ~
then it refers to the home directory for the user whose name follows the
.QW ~ .
If the
.QW ~
is followed immediately by
.QW /
then the value of the HOME environment variable is used.
.PP
The \fBglob\fR command differs from csh globbing in two ways.
First, it does not sort its result list (use the \fBlsort\fR
command if you want the list sorted).
Second, \fBglob\fR only returns the names of files that actually
exist; in csh no check for existence is made unless a pattern
contains a ?, *, or [] construct.
.SH "WINDOWS PORTABILITY ISSUES"
.PP
For Windows UNC names, the servername and sharename components of the path
may not contain ?, *, or [] constructs. On Windows NT, if \fIpattern\fR is
of the form
.QW \fB~\fIusername\fB@\fIdomain\fR ,
it refers to the home
directory of the user whose account information resides on the specified NT
domain server. Otherwise, user account information is obtained from
the local computer.
.PP
Since the backslash character has a special meaning to the glob
command, glob patterns containing Windows style path separators need
special care. The pattern
.QW \fIC:\e\efoo\e\e*\fR
is interpreted as
.QW \fIC:\efoo\e*\fR

\fBglob\fR *.tcl
.CE
.PP
Find all the Tcl files in the user's home directory, irrespective of
what the current directory is:
.PP
.CS
\fBglob\fR \-directory ~ *.tcl
.CE
.PP
Find all subdirectories of the current directory:
.PP
.CS
\fBglob\fR \-type d *
.CE

.TP
\fBeval\fR\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
.
The body of a script provided to \fBeval\fR or \fBuplevel\fR.
.TP
\fBprecompiled\fR\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
.
A pre-compiled script (loadable by the package
\fBtbcload\fR), and no further information is available.
.RE
.TP
\fBline\fR
.
The line number of of the command inside its script.  Not available for
\fBprecompiled\fR commands.  When the type is \fBsource\fR, the line number is

Tcl began, the current packets allocated (the current
number of calls to \fBTcl_Alloc\fR not met by a corresponding call
to \fBTcl_Free\fR), the current bytes allocated, and the maximum number
of packets and bytes allocated.
.TP
\fBmemory init \fR[\fBon\fR|\fBoff\fR]
.
Turn on or off the pre-initialization of all allocated memory
with bogus bytes.  Useful for detecting the use of uninitialized
values.
.TP
\fBmemory objs \fIfile\fR
.
Causes a list of all allocated Tcl_Obj values to be written to the specified
\fIfile\fR immediately, together with where they were allocated.  Useful for

current namespace that were imported from a different namespace.
For
.QW "qualified patterns" ,
this command first finds the matching exported commands.
It then checks whether any of those commands
were previously imported by the current namespace.
If so, this command deletes the corresponding imported commands.
In effect, this un-does the action of a \fBnamespace import\fR command.
.TP
\fBnamespace import \fR?\fB\-force\fR? ?\fIpattern\fR \fIpattern ...\fR?
.
Imports commands into a namespace, or queries the set of imported
commands in a namespace.  When no arguments are present,
\fBnamespace import\fR returns the list of commands in
the current namespace that have been imported from other

a filter and once as a normal method.
.PP
Each filter should decide for itself whether to permit the execution to go
forward to the proper implementation of the method (which it does by invoking
the \fBnext\fR command as filters are inserted into the front of the method
call chain) and is responsible for returning the result of \fBnext\fR.
.PP
Filters are invoked when processing an invokation of the \fBunknown\fR
method because of a failure to locate a method implementation, but \fInot\fR
when invoking either constructors or destructors. (Note however that the
\fBdestroy\fR method is a conventional method, and filters are invoked as
normal when it is called.)
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
This example demonstrates how to use the \fBnext\fR command to call the

\fB\-lazy\fR
The generated index will manage to delay loading the package until the
use of one of the commands provided by the package, instead of loading
it immediately upon \fBpackage require\fR.  This is not compatible with
the use of \fIauto_reset\fR, and therefore its use is discouraged.
.TP 15
\fB\-load \fIpkgPat\fR
The index process will pre-load any packages that exist in the
current interpreter and match \fIpkgPat\fR into the child interpreter used to
generate the index.  The pattern match uses string match rules, but without
making case distinctions.
See \fBCOMPLEX CASES\fR below.
.TP 15
\fB\-verbose\fR
Generate output during the indexing process.  Output is via

(e.g.,\ \fBbreak\fR, etc.) is treated as (and converted to) an error.
.PP
\fBNote:\fR If the creation of the channel was aborted due to failures
here, then the \fBfinalize\fR subcommand will not be called.
.PP
The \fImode\fR argument tells the handler whether the channel was
opened for reading, writing, or both. It is a list containing any of
the strings \fBread\fR or \fBwrite\fR. The list will always
contain at least one element.
.PP
The subcommand must throw an error if the chosen mode is not
supported by the \fIcmdPrefix\fR.
.RE
.TP
\fIcmdPrefix \fBfinalize \fIchannelId\fR
.

way to define any conditions required for the test to be possible or
meaningful.  For example, a \fBtest\fR with \fB\-constraints unix\fR
will only be run if the constraint \fBunix\fR is true, which indicates
the test suite is being run on a Unix platform.
.PP
Each \fBtest\fR should include whatever \fB\-constraints\fR are
required to constrain it to run only where appropriate.  Several
constraints are pre-defined in the \fBtcltest\fR package, listed
below.  The registration of user-defined constraints is performed
by the \fBtestConstraint\fR command.  User-defined constraints
may appear within a test file, or within the script specified
by the \fBconfigure \-load\fR or \fBconfigure \-loadfile\fR
options.
.PP
The following is a list of constraints pre-defined by the
\fBtcltest\fR package itself:
.TP
\fIsingleTestInterp\fR
.
This test can only be run if all test files are sourced into a single
interpreter.
.TP

will not work on Windows and is discouraged for cross-platform usage.
.PP
The following elements of \fBenv\fR are special to Tcl:
.TP
\fBenv(HOME)\fR
.
This environment variable, if set, gives the location of the directory
considered to be the current user's home directory, and to which a
call of \fBcd\fR without arguments or with just
.QW ~
as an argument will change into. Most platforms set this correctly by
default; it does not normally need to be set by user code.


.TP
\fBenv(TCL_LIBRARY)\fR
.
If set, then it specifies the location of the directory containing
library scripts (the value of this variable will be
assigned to the \fBtcl_library\fR variable and therefore returned by
the command \fBinfo library\fR).  If this variable is not set then

    victim->freechain = from->free;
    from->free = victim;
}

/*
 * changearctarget - flip an arc to have a different to state
 *
 * Caller must have verified that there is no pre-existing duplicate arc.
 *
 * Note that because we store arcs in their from state, we can't easily have
 * a similar changearcsource function.
 */
static void
changearctarget(struct arc * a, struct state * newto)
{


/*
 - pull - pull a back constraint backward past its source state
 *
 * Returns 1 if successful (which it always is unless the source is the
 * start state or we have an internal error), 0 if nothing happened.
 *
 * A significant property of this function is that it deletes no pre-existing
 * states, and no outarcs of the constraint's from state other than the given
 * constraint arc.  This makes the loops in pullback() safe, at the cost that
 * we may leave useless states behind.  Therefore, we leave it to pullback()
 * to delete such states.
 *
 * If the from state has multiple back-constraint outarcs, and/or multiple
 * compatible constraint inarcs, we only need to create one new intermediate


/*
 - push - push a forward constraint forward past its destination state
 *
 * Returns 1 if successful (which it always is unless the destination is the
 * post state or we have an internal error), 0 if nothing happened.
 *
 * A significant property of this function is that it deletes no pre-existing
 * states, and no inarcs of the constraint's to state other than the given
 * constraint arc.  This makes the loops in pushfwd() safe, at the cost that
 * we may leave useless states behind.  Therefore, we leave it to pushfwd()
 * to delete such states.
 *
 * If the to state has multiple forward-constraint inarcs, and/or multiple
 * compatible constraint outarcs, we only need to create one new intermediate

 * For each cloned successor state, we transiently create a "donemap" that is
 * a boolean array showing which source states we've already visited for this
 * clone state.  This prevents infinite recursion as well as useless repeat
 * visits to the same state subtree (which can add up fast, since typical NFAs
 * have multiple redundant arc pathways).  Each donemap is a char array
 * indexed by state number.  The donemaps are all of the same size "nstates",
 * which is nfa->nstates as of the start of the recursion.  This is enough to
 * have entries for all pre-existing states, but *not* entries for clone
 * states created during the recursion.  That's okay since we have no need to
 * mark those.
 *
 * curdonemap is NULL when recursing to a new sclone state, or sclone's
 * donemap when we are recursing without having created a new state (which we
 * do when we decide we can merge a successor state into the current clone
 * state).  outerdonemap is NULL at the top level and otherwise the parent

    }
}

/*
 - analyze - ascertain potentially-useful facts about an optimized NFA
 ^ static long analyze(struct nfa *);
 */
static long			/* re_info bits to be ORed in */
analyze(
    struct nfa *nfa)
{
    struct arc *a;
    struct arc *aa;

    if (nfa->pre->outs == NULL) {

     * Big enough for hex int or decimal t->id?
     */

    if (bufsize < sizeof(void*)*2 + 3 || bufsize < sizeof(t->id)*3 + 1) {
	return "unable";
    }
    if (t->id != 0) {
	sprintf(buf, "%d", t->id);
    } else {
	sprintf(buf, "%p", t);
    }
    return buf;
}

#include "regc_lex.c"
#include "regc_color.c"
#include "regc_nfa.c"

    switch (code) {
    case REG_ATOI:		/* Convert name to number */
	for (r = rerrs; r->code >= 0; r++) {
	    if (strcmp(r->name, errbuf) == 0) {
		break;
	    }
	}
	sprintf(convbuf, "%d", r->code); /* -1 for unknown */
	msg = convbuf;
	break;
    case REG_ITOA:		/* Convert number to name */
	icode = atoi(errbuf);	/* Not our problem if this fails */
	for (r = rerrs; r->code >= 0; r++) {
	    if (r->code == icode) {
		break;
	    }
	}
	if (r->code >= 0) {
	    msg = r->name;
	} else {		/* Unknown; tell him the number */
	    sprintf(convbuf, "REG_%u", icode);
	    msg = convbuf;
	}
	break;
    default:			/* A real, normal error code */
	for (r = rerrs; r->code >= 0; r++) {
	    if (r->code == code) {
		break;
	    }
	}
	if (r->code >= 0) {
	    msg = r->explain;
	} else {		/* Unknown; say so */
	    sprintf(convbuf, unk, code);
	    msg = convbuf;
	}
	break;
    }

    len = strlen(msg) + 1;	/* Space needed, including NUL */
    if (errbuf_size > 0) {

    struct state *next;		/* chain for traversing all */
    struct state *prev;		/* back chain */
    struct arcbatch oas;	/* first arcbatch, avoid malloc in easy case */
    size_t noas;		/* number of arcs used in first arcbatch */
};

struct nfa {
    struct state *pre;		/* pre-initial state */
    struct state *init;		/* initial state */
    struct state *final;	/* final state */
    struct state *post;		/* post-final state */
    size_t nstates;		/* for numbering states */
    struct state *states;	/* state-chain header */
    struct state *slast;	/* tail of the chain */
    struct state *free;		/* free list */
    struct colormap *cm;	/* the color map */
    color bos[2];		/* colors, if any, assigned to BOS and BOL */
    color eos[2];		/* colors, if any, assigned to EOS and EOL */

    void Tcl_DbCkfree(void *ptr, const char *file, int line)
}
declare 8 {
    void *Tcl_DbCkrealloc(void *ptr, TCL_HASH_TYPE size,
	    const char *file, int line)
}

# Tcl_CreateFileHandler and Tcl_DeleteFileHandler are only available on unix,
# but they are part of the old generic interface, so we include them here for
# compatibility reasons.

declare 9 {
    void Tcl_CreateFileHandler(int fd, int mask, Tcl_FileProc *proc,
	    void *clientData)
}

# TIP #568
declare 649 {
    unsigned char *TclGetBytesFromObj(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *objPtr,
	    int *numBytesPtr)
}
declare 650 {
    unsigned char *Tcl_GetBytesFromObj(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *objPtr,
	    size_t *numBytesPtr)
}

# TIP #481
declare 651 {
    char *Tcl_GetStringFromObj(Tcl_Obj *objPtr, size_t *lengthPtr)
}
declare 652 {
    Tcl_UniChar *Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj(Tcl_Obj *objPtr, size_t *lengthPtr)
}
# Only available in Tcl 8.x, NULL in Tcl 9.0
declare 653 {
    unsigned char *Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(Tcl_Obj *objPtr, size_t *numBytesPtr)
}

# TIP #575
declare 654 {
    int Tcl_UtfCharComplete(const char *src, Tcl_Size length)
}
declare 655 {

declare 660 {
    int Tcl_AsyncMarkFromSignal(Tcl_AsyncHandler async, int sigNumber)
}

# TIP #616
declare 661 {
    int Tcl_ListObjGetElements(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *listPtr,
	    size_t *objcPtr, Tcl_Obj ***objvPtr)
}
declare 662 {
    int Tcl_ListObjLength(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *listPtr,
	    size_t *lengthPtr)
}
declare 663 {
    int Tcl_DictObjSize(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *dictPtr, size_t *sizePtr)
}
declare 664 {
    int Tcl_SplitList(Tcl_Interp *interp, const char *listStr, size_t *argcPtr,
	    const char ***argvPtr)
}
declare 665 {
    void Tcl_SplitPath(const char *path, size_t *argcPtr, const char ***argvPtr)
}
declare 666 {
    Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSSplitPath(Tcl_Obj *pathPtr, size_t *lenPtr)
}
declare 667 {
    int Tcl_ParseArgsObjv(Tcl_Interp *interp, const Tcl_ArgvInfo *argTable,
	    size_t *objcPtr, Tcl_Obj *const *objv, Tcl_Obj ***remObjv)
}

# TIP #617
declare 668 {
    Tcl_Size Tcl_UniCharLen(const int *uniStr)
}
declare 669 {

    Tcl_Command Tcl_NRCreateCommand2(Tcl_Interp *interp,
	    const char *cmdName, Tcl_ObjCmdProc2 *proc,
	    Tcl_ObjCmdProc2 *nreProc2, void *clientData,
	    Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *deleteProc)
}
declare 679 {
    int Tcl_NRCallObjProc2(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_ObjCmdProc2 *objProc2,
	    void *clientData, size_t objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[])
}

# TIP #638.
declare 680 {
    int Tcl_GetNumberFromObj(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *objPtr,
	    void **clientDataPtr, int *typePtr)
}
declare 681 {
    int Tcl_GetNumber(Tcl_Interp *interp, const char *bytes, size_t numBytes,
	    void **clientDataPtr, int *typePtr)
}

# TIP #220.
declare 682 {
    int Tcl_RemoveChannelMode(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Channel chan, int mode)
}

	    Tcl_WideUInt *uwidePtr)
}

# TIP 651
declare 685 {
    Tcl_Obj *Tcl_DStringToObj(Tcl_DString *dsPtr)
}







# ----- BASELINE -- FOR -- 8.7.0 / 9.0.0 ----- #

declare 687 {
    void TclUnusedStubEntry(void)
}

##############################################################################

# Define the platform specific public Tcl interface. These functions are only
# available on the designated platform.

#	define TCL_Z_MODIFIER	"z"
#   elif defined(_WIN64)
#	define TCL_Z_MODIFIER	TCL_LL_MODIFIER
#   else
#	define TCL_Z_MODIFIER	""
#   endif
#endif /* !TCL_Z_MODIFIER */










#define Tcl_WideAsLong(val)	((long)((Tcl_WideInt)(val)))
#define Tcl_LongAsWide(val)	((Tcl_WideInt)((long)(val)))
#define Tcl_WideAsDouble(val)	((double)((Tcl_WideInt)(val)))
#define Tcl_DoubleAsWide(val)	((Tcl_WideInt)((double)(val)))

#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 9
typedef int Tcl_Size;


#else
typedef size_t Tcl_Size;


#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#   if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || defined(_WIN64) || defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T)
	typedef struct __stat64 Tcl_StatBuf;
#   elif defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
	typedef struct _stati64	Tcl_StatBuf;
#   else

/*
 * Structures filled in by Tcl_RegExpInfo. Note that all offset values are
 * relative to the start of the match string, not the beginning of the entire
 * string.
 */

#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8
typedef struct Tcl_RegExpIndices {

    Tcl_Size start;			/* Character offset of first character in
				 * match. */
    Tcl_Size end;			/* Character offset of first character after
				 * the match. */




} Tcl_RegExpIndices;

typedef struct Tcl_RegExpInfo {
    Tcl_Size nsubs;			/* Number of subexpressions in the compiled
				 * expression. */
    Tcl_RegExpIndices *matches;	/* Array of nsubs match offset pairs. */

    Tcl_Size extendStart;		/* The offset at which a subsequent match
				 * might begin. */
} Tcl_RegExpInfo;
#else
typedef struct Tcl_RegExpIndices {
    long start;			/* Character offset of first character in
				 * match. */
    long end;			/* Character offset of first character after
				 * the match. */
} Tcl_RegExpIndices;

typedef struct Tcl_RegExpInfo {
    int nsubs;			/* Number of subexpressions in the compiled
				 * expression. */
    Tcl_RegExpIndices *matches;	/* Array of nsubs match offset pairs. */
    long extendStart;		/* The offset at which a subsequent match
				 * might begin. */
    long reserved;		/* Reserved for later use. */
} Tcl_RegExpInfo;
#endif


/*
 * Picky compilers complain if this typdef doesn't appear before the struct's
 * reference in tclDecls.h.
 */

typedef Tcl_StatBuf *Tcl_Stat_;

typedef void (Tcl_CmdTraceProc) (void *clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
	int level, char *command, Tcl_CmdProc *proc,
	void *cmdClientData, int argc, const char *argv[]);
typedef int (Tcl_CmdObjTraceProc) (void *clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
	int level, const char *command, Tcl_Command commandInfo, int objc,
	struct Tcl_Obj *const *objv);
typedef int (Tcl_CmdObjTraceProc2) (void *clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
	size_t level, const char *command, Tcl_Command commandInfo, size_t objc,
	struct Tcl_Obj *const *objv);
typedef void (Tcl_CmdObjTraceDeleteProc) (void *clientData);
typedef void (Tcl_DupInternalRepProc) (struct Tcl_Obj *srcPtr,
	struct Tcl_Obj *dupPtr);
typedef int (Tcl_EncodingConvertProc) (void *clientData, const char *src,
	int srcLen, int flags, Tcl_EncodingState *statePtr, char *dst,
	int dstLen, int *srcReadPtr, int *dstWrotePtr, int *dstCharsPtr);

typedef void (Tcl_IdleProc) (void *clientData);
typedef void (Tcl_InterpDeleteProc) (void *clientData,
	Tcl_Interp *interp);
typedef void (Tcl_NamespaceDeleteProc) (void *clientData);
typedef int (Tcl_ObjCmdProc) (void *clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
	int objc, struct Tcl_Obj *const *objv);
typedef int (Tcl_ObjCmdProc2) (void *clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
	size_t objc, struct Tcl_Obj *const *objv);
typedef int (Tcl_LibraryInitProc) (Tcl_Interp *interp);
typedef int (Tcl_LibraryUnloadProc) (Tcl_Interp *interp, int flags);
typedef void (Tcl_PanicProc) (const char *format, ...);
typedef void (Tcl_TcpAcceptProc) (void *callbackData, Tcl_Channel chan,
	char *address, int port);
typedef void (Tcl_TimerProc) (void *clientData);
typedef int (Tcl_SetFromAnyProc) (Tcl_Interp *interp, struct Tcl_Obj *objPtr);

 *				is described by a TCL_TOKEN_SUB_EXPR token
 *				followed by the TCL_TOKEN_OPERATOR token for
 *				the operator, then TCL_TOKEN_SUB_EXPR tokens
 *				for the left then the right operands.
 * TCL_TOKEN_OPERATOR -		The token describes one expression operator.
 *				An operator might be the name of a math
 *				function such as "abs". A TCL_TOKEN_OPERATOR
 *				token is always preceeded by one
 *				TCL_TOKEN_SUB_EXPR token for the operator's
 *				subexpression, and is followed by zero or more
 *				TCL_TOKEN_SUB_EXPR tokens for the operator's
 *				operands. NumComponents is always 0.
 * TCL_TOKEN_EXPAND_WORD -	This token is just like TCL_TOKEN_WORD except
 *				that it marks a word that began with the
 *				literal character prefix "{*}". This word is

 *				routine should pass the beginning of this
 *				unconverted sequence plus additional bytes
 *				from the source stream to properly convert the
 *				formerly split-up multibyte sequence.
 * TCL_CONVERT_SYNTAX -		The source stream contained an invalid
 *				character sequence. This may occur if the
 *				input stream has been damaged or if the input
 *				encoding method was misidentified. This error
 *				is reported unless if TCL_ENCODING_NOCOMPLAIN
 *				was specified.
 * TCL_CONVERT_UNKNOWN -	The source string contained a character that
 *				could not be represented in the target
 *				encoding. This error is reported unless if
 *				TCL_ENCODING_NOCOMPLAIN was specified.
 */

#define TCL_CONVERT_MULTIBYTE	(-1)
#define TCL_CONVERT_SYNTAX	(-2)
#define TCL_CONVERT_UNKNOWN	(-3)
#define TCL_CONVERT_NOSPACE	(-4)

/*
 * The maximum number of bytes that are necessary to represent a single
 * Unicode character in UTF-8. The valid values are 3 and 4
 * (or perhaps 1 if we want to support a non-unicode enabled core). If > 3,
 * then Tcl_UniChar must be 4-bytes in size (UCS-4) (the default). If == 3,
 * then Tcl_UniChar must be 2-bytes in size (UTF-16). Since Tcl 9.0, UCS-4
 * mode is the default and recommended mode.
 */

#ifndef TCL_UTF_MAX
#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8
#define TCL_UTF_MAX		4
#else
#define TCL_UTF_MAX		3
#endif
#endif

/*
 * This represents a Unicode character. Any changes to this should also be
 * reflected in regcustom.h.
 */

EXTERN const char *TclZipfs_AppHook(int *argc, char ***argv);
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
#ifndef USE_TCL_STUBS
#   define Tcl_FindExecutable(arg) ((Tcl_FindExecutable)((const char *)(arg)))
#endif
#   define Tcl_MainEx Tcl_MainExW
    EXTERN TCL_NORETURN void Tcl_MainExW(size_t argc, wchar_t **argv,
	    Tcl_AppInitProc *appInitProc, Tcl_Interp *interp);
#endif
#if defined(USE_TCL_STUBS) && (TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8)
#define Tcl_SetPanicProc(panicProc) \
    TclInitStubTable(((const char *(*)(Tcl_PanicProc *))TclStubCall((void *)panicProc))(panicProc))
#define Tcl_InitSubsystems() \
    TclInitStubTable(((const char *(*)(void))TclStubCall((void *)1))())
#define Tcl_FindExecutable(argv0) \
    TclInitStubTable(((const char *(*)(const char *))TclStubCall((void *)2))(argv0))
#define TclZipfs_AppHook(argcp, argvp) \
	TclInitStubTable(((const char *(*)(int *, void *))TclStubCall((void *)3))(argcp, argvp))
#define Tcl_MainExW(argc, argv, appInitProc, interp) \
	(void)((const char *(*)(size_t, const void *, Tcl_AppInitProc *, Tcl_Interp *)) \
	TclStubCall((void *)4))(argc, argv, appInitProc, interp)
#if !defined(_WIN32) || !defined(UNICODE)
#define Tcl_MainEx(argc, argv, appInitProc, interp) \
	(void)((const char *(*)(size_t, const void *, Tcl_AppInitProc *, Tcl_Interp *)) \
	TclStubCall((void *)5))(argc, argv, appInitProc, interp)
#endif
#define Tcl_StaticLibrary(interp, pkgName, initProc, safeInitProc) \

static struct block *blockList;	/* Tracks the suballocated blocks. */
static struct block bigBlocks={	/* Big blocks aren't suballocated. */
    &bigBlocks, &bigBlocks
};

/*
 * The allocator is protected by a special mutex that must be explicitly
 * initialized. Futhermore, because Tcl_Alloc may be used before anything else
 * in Tcl, we make this module self-initializing after all with the allocInit
 * variable.
 */

#if TCL_THREADS
static Tcl_Mutex *allocMutexPtr;
#endif

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

void *
TclpRealloc(
    void *oldPtr,		/* Pointer to alloced block. */
    size_t numBytes)	/* New size of memory. */
{
    int i;
    union overhead *overPtr;
    struct block *bigBlockPtr;
    int expensive;
    size_t maxSize;

	}
	memcpy(newPtr, oldPtr, numBytes);
	TclpFree(oldPtr);
	return newPtr;
    }

    /*
     * Ok, we don't have to copy, it fits as-is
     */

#ifndef NDEBUG
    overPtr->realBlockSize = (numBytes + RSLOP - 1) & ~(RSLOP - 1);
    BLOCK_END(overPtr) = RMAGIC;
#endif

/*
 * tclArithSeries.c --
 *
 *     This file contains the ArithSeries concrete abstract list
 *     implementation. It implements the inner workings of the lseq command.
 *
 * Copyright © 2022 Brian S. Griffin.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */


#include "tclInt.h"
#include <assert.h>


/*
 * The structure below defines the arithmetic series Tcl object type by
 * means of procedures that can be invoked by generic object code.
 *
 * The arithmetic series object is a special case of Tcl list representing
 * an interval of an arithmetic series in constant space.

typedef struct {
    Tcl_Size len;
    Tcl_Obj **elements;
    int isDouble;
    double start;
    double end;
    double step;

} ArithSeriesDbl;

static inline double ArithSeriesIndexDbl(ArithSeriesDbl *repPtr, Tcl_Size index)
{
    return (repPtr->start + ((double)index * repPtr->step));
}
static inline Tcl_WideInt ArithSeriesIndexInt(ArithSeries *repPtr, Tcl_Size index)
{
    return (repPtr->start + (index * repPtr->step));
}

static int TclArithSeriesObjStep(Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj, Tcl_Obj **stepObj);
static int TclArithSeriesObjIndex(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj,
			    Tcl_Size index, Tcl_Obj **elemObj);

static Tcl_Size ArithSeriesObjLength(Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj);
static int TclArithSeriesObjRange(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj,
			    Tcl_Size fromIdx, Tcl_Size toIdx, Tcl_Obj **newObjPtr);
static int TclArithSeriesObjReverse(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj, Tcl_Obj **newObjPtr);
static int TclArithSeriesGetElements(Tcl_Interp *interp,
			    Tcl_Obj *objPtr, Tcl_Size *objcPtr, Tcl_Obj ***objvPtr);
static void DupArithSeriesInternalRep(Tcl_Obj *srcPtr, Tcl_Obj *copyPtr);

    TclArithSeriesObjReverse,
    TclArithSeriesGetElements,
    NULL, // SetElement
    NULL, // Replace
    NULL)  // GetDouble
};















































































/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * ArithSeriesLen --
 *
 * 	Compute the length of the equivalent list where
 * 	every element is generated starting from *start*,

 * Side effects:
 *
 * 	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static Tcl_WideInt
ArithSeriesLen(Tcl_WideInt start, Tcl_WideInt end, Tcl_WideInt step)
{
    Tcl_WideInt len;

    if (step == 0) {
	return 0;
    }
    len = 1 + ((end-start)/step);
    return (len < 0) ? -1 : len;
}














/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * DupArithSeriesInternalRep --
 *
 *	Initialize the internal representation of a ArithSeries abstract list
 *	Tcl_Obj to a copy of the internal representation of an existing
 *	arithseries object.
 *
 * Results:
 *	None.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	We set "copyPtr"s internal rep to a pointer to a
 *	newly allocated AbstractList structure.
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
DupArithSeriesInternalRep(Tcl_Obj *srcPtr, Tcl_Obj *copyPtr)


{
    ArithSeries *srcArithSeries = (ArithSeries*)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(srcPtr);
    ArithSeries *copyArithSeries = (ArithSeries *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(ArithSeries));

    *copyArithSeries = *srcArithSeries;

    /* Note: we do not have to be worry about existing internal rep because
       copyPtr is supposed to be freshly initialized */


    Tcl_ObjInternalRep itr;
    itr.twoPtrValue.ptr1 = copyArithSeries;
    itr.twoPtrValue.ptr2 = NULL;
    Tcl_StoreInternalRep(copyPtr, srcPtr->typePtr, &itr);

    if (copyArithSeries->len > 0) {
	Tcl_InvalidateStringRep(copyPtr);
    } else {




	Tcl_InitStringRep(copyPtr, NULL, 0);
    }


}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * FreeArithSeriesInternalRep --
 *

 * 	None.
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static
Tcl_Obj *
NewArithSeriesInt(Tcl_WideInt start, Tcl_WideInt end, Tcl_WideInt step, Tcl_WideInt len)
{
    Tcl_WideInt length = (len>=0 ? len : ArithSeriesLen(start, end, step));
    Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj;
    ArithSeries *arithSeriesRepPtr;




    TclNewObj(arithSeriesObj);

    if (length <= 0) {
	return arithSeriesObj;
    }

    arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries*) Tcl_Alloc(sizeof (ArithSeries));

 * 	A NULL pointer of the range is invalid.
 *
 * Side Effects:
 *
 * 	None.
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static
Tcl_Obj *
NewArithSeriesDbl(double start, double end, double step, Tcl_WideInt len)
{
    Tcl_WideInt length = (len>=0 ? len : ArithSeriesLen(start, end, step));
    Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj;
    ArithSeriesDbl *arithSeriesRepPtr;






    TclNewObj(arithSeriesObj);

    if (length <= 0) {
	return arithSeriesObj;
    }

    arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeriesDbl*) Tcl_Alloc(sizeof (ArithSeriesDbl));
    arithSeriesRepPtr->isDouble = 1;
    arithSeriesRepPtr->start = start;
    arithSeriesRepPtr->end = end;
    arithSeriesRepPtr->step = step;
    arithSeriesRepPtr->len = length;
    arithSeriesRepPtr->elements = NULL;

    arithSeriesObj->internalRep.twoPtrValue.ptr1 = arithSeriesRepPtr;
    arithSeriesObj->internalRep.twoPtrValue.ptr2 = NULL;
    arithSeriesObj->typePtr = &arithSeriesType;

    if (length > 0)
    	Tcl_InvalidateStringRep(arithSeriesObj);


    return arithSeriesObj;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *

    Tcl_Obj *startObj,        /* Starting value */
    Tcl_Obj *endObj,          /* Ending limit */
    Tcl_Obj *stepObj,         /* increment value */
    Tcl_Obj *lenObj)          /* Number of elements */
{
    double dstart, dend, dstep;
    Tcl_WideInt start, end, step;
    Tcl_WideInt len;

    if (startObj) {
	assignNumber(useDoubles, &start, &dstart, startObj);
    } else {
	start = 0;
	dstart = start;
    }

		step = (start < end) ? 1 : -1;
		dstep = step;
	    }
	}
	assert(dstep!=0);
	if (!lenObj) {
	    if (useDoubles) {
		len = (dend - dstart + dstep)/dstep;
	    } else {
		len = (end - start + step)/step;
	    }
	}
    }

    if (!endObj) {
	if (useDoubles) {
	    dend = dstart + (dstep * (len-1));
	    end = dend;
	} else {
	    end = start + (step * (len-1));
	    dend = end;
	}
    }

    if (TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 9 && len > ListSizeT_MAX) {

	Tcl_SetObjResult(
	    interp,
	    Tcl_NewStringObj("max length of a Tcl list exceeded", TCL_INDEX_NONE));
	Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, "TCL", "MEMORY", NULL);
	return TCL_ERROR;
    }

    if (arithSeriesObj) {
	*arithSeriesObj = (useDoubles)
	    ? NewArithSeriesDbl(dstart, dend, dstep, len)

 * 	On success, the integer pointed by *element is modified.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
TclArithSeriesObjIndex(
    Tcl_Interp *interp,      /* Used for error reporting if not NULL. */
    Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj, /* List obj */
    Tcl_Size index,          /* index to element of interest */
    Tcl_Obj **elemObj)       /* Return value */
{
    ArithSeries *arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries *)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(arithSeriesObj);
    (void)interp; // quiet compiler
    if (index < arithSeriesRepPtr->len) {


	/* List[i] = Start + (Step * index) */
	if (arithSeriesRepPtr->isDouble) {
	    *elemObj = Tcl_NewDoubleObj(ArithSeriesIndexDbl((ArithSeriesDbl*)arithSeriesRepPtr, index));
	} else {
	    *elemObj = Tcl_NewWideIntObj(ArithSeriesIndexInt(arithSeriesRepPtr, index));
	}
    } else {
	TclNewObj(*elemObj); // empty value
    }

    return TCL_OK;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------

 */

int
TclArithSeriesObjStep(
    Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObj,
    Tcl_Obj **stepObj)
{
    ArithSeries *arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries *)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(arithSeriesObj);
    if (arithSeriesRepPtr->isDouble) {
	*stepObj = Tcl_NewDoubleObj(((ArithSeriesDbl*)(arithSeriesRepPtr))->step);
    } else {
	*stepObj = Tcl_NewWideIntObj(arithSeriesRepPtr->step);
    }
    return TCL_OK;
}


/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * SetArithSeriesFromAny --
 *
 * 	The Arithmetic Series object is just an way to optimize

    Tcl_Obj **newObjPtr)        /* return value */
{
    ArithSeries *arithSeriesRepPtr;
    Tcl_Obj *startObj, *endObj, *stepObj;

    (void)interp; /* silence compiler */

    arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries *)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(arithSeriesObj);

    if (fromIdx == TCL_INDEX_NONE) {
	fromIdx = 0;
    }

    if (toIdx >= arithSeriesRepPtr->len) {
	toIdx = arithSeriesRepPtr->len-1;
    }

    if (fromIdx > toIdx ||
	fromIdx >= arithSeriesRepPtr->len) {
	TclNewObj(*newObjPtr);
	return TCL_OK;
    }











    TclArithSeriesObjIndex(interp, arithSeriesObj, fromIdx, &startObj);
    Tcl_IncrRefCount(startObj);
    TclArithSeriesObjIndex(interp, arithSeriesObj, toIdx, &endObj);
    Tcl_IncrRefCount(endObj);
    TclArithSeriesObjStep(arithSeriesObj, &stepObj);
    Tcl_IncrRefCount(stepObj);

     * Even if nothing below causes any changes, we still want the
     * string-canonizing effect of [lrange 0 end].
     */

    TclInvalidateStringRep(arithSeriesObj);

    if (arithSeriesRepPtr->isDouble) {
	ArithSeriesDbl *arithSeriesDblRepPtr = (ArithSeriesDbl*)arithSeriesObj;
	double start, end, step;

	Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(NULL, startObj, &start);
	Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(NULL, endObj, &end);
	Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(NULL, stepObj, &step);
	arithSeriesDblRepPtr->start = start;
	arithSeriesDblRepPtr->end = end;
	arithSeriesDblRepPtr->step = step;

	arithSeriesDblRepPtr->len = (end-start+step)/step;
	arithSeriesDblRepPtr->elements = NULL;

    } else {
	Tcl_WideInt start, end, step;
	Tcl_GetWideIntFromObj(NULL, startObj, &start);
	Tcl_GetWideIntFromObj(NULL, endObj, &end);
	Tcl_GetWideIntFromObj(NULL, stepObj, &step);
	arithSeriesRepPtr->start = start;
	arithSeriesRepPtr->end = end;
	arithSeriesRepPtr->step = step;
	arithSeriesRepPtr->len = (end-start+step)/step;
	arithSeriesRepPtr->elements = NULL;
    }

    Tcl_DecrRefCount(startObj);
    Tcl_DecrRefCount(endObj);
    Tcl_DecrRefCount(stepObj);

				 * pointers to the list's objects. */
{
    if (TclHasInternalRep(objPtr,&arithSeriesType)) {
	ArithSeries *arithSeriesRepPtr;
	Tcl_Obj **objv;
	int i, objc;

        arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries *)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(objPtr);

	objc = arithSeriesRepPtr->len;
	if (objc > 0) {
	    if (arithSeriesRepPtr->elements) {
		/* If this exists, it has already been populated */
		objv = arithSeriesRepPtr->elements;
	    } else {
		/* Construct the elements array */
		objv = (Tcl_Obj **)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(Tcl_Obj*) * objc);
		if (objv == NULL) {
		    if (interp) {
			Tcl_SetObjResult(
			    interp,
			    Tcl_NewStringObj("max length of a Tcl list exceeded", TCL_INDEX_NONE));
			Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, "TCL", "MEMORY", NULL);
		    }
		    return TCL_ERROR;
		}
		arithSeriesRepPtr->elements = objv;
		for (i = 0; i < objc; i++) {
		    int status = TclArithSeriesObjIndex(interp, objPtr, i, &objv[i]);

    (void)interp;

    if (newObjPtr == NULL) {
	return TCL_ERROR;
    }

    arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries *)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(arithSeriesObj);

    isDouble = arithSeriesRepPtr->isDouble;
    len = arithSeriesRepPtr->len;

    TclArithSeriesObjIndex(NULL, arithSeriesObj, (len-1), &startObj);
    Tcl_IncrRefCount(startObj);
    TclArithSeriesObjIndex(NULL, arithSeriesObj, 0, &endObj);

 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
UpdateStringOfArithSeries(Tcl_Obj *arithSeriesObjPtr)
{
    ArithSeries *arithSeriesRepPtr = (ArithSeries*)Tcl_ObjGetConcreteRep(arithSeriesObjPtr);
    char *p, *str;
    Tcl_Obj *eleObj;
    Tcl_WideInt length = 0;
    int llen, slen, i;

    /*
     * Pass 1: estimate space.
     */
    llen = arithSeriesRepPtr->len;
    if (llen <= 0) {
	Tcl_InitStringRep(arithSeriesObjPtr, NULL, 0);
	return;

    }

    for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
	if (TclArithSeriesObjIndex(NULL, arithSeriesObjPtr, i, &eleObj) == TCL_OK) {
	    Tcl_GetStringFromObj(eleObj, &slen);
	    length += slen + 1; /* one more for the space char */

	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(eleObj);
	} else {

	    // TODO: report error?
	}

    }



    /*
     * Pass 2: generate the string repr.
     */

    p = Tcl_InitStringRep(arithSeriesObjPtr, NULL, length);
    for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
	if (TclArithSeriesObjIndex(NULL, arithSeriesObjPtr, i, &eleObj) == TCL_OK) {

	    str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(eleObj, &slen);
	    strcpy(p, str);
	    p[slen] = ' ';
	    p += slen+1;
	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(eleObj);
	} // else TODO: report error here?
    }
    if (length > 0) arithSeriesObjPtr->bytes[length-1] = '\0';
    arithSeriesObjPtr->length = length-1;














































}

/*
 * Local Variables:
 * mode: c
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * fill-column: 78
 * End:
 */