.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
msgcat \- Tcl message catalog
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBpackage require Tcl 8.2\fR
.sp
\fBpackage require msgcat 1.3\fR
.sp
\fB::msgcat::mc \fIsrc-string\fR ?\fIarg arg ...\fR?
.sp
\fB::msgcat::mcmax ?\fIsrc-string src-string ...\fR?
.sp
\fB::msgcat::mclocale \fR?\fInewLocale\fR?
.sp

of the longest translated string.  This is useful when designing
localized GUI's, which may require that all buttons, for example, be a
fixed width (which will be the width of the widest button).
.TP
\fB::msgcat::mclocale \fR?\fInewLocale\fR?  
This function sets the locale to \fInewLocale\fR.  If \fInewLocale\fR
is omitted, the current locale is returned, otherwise the current locale
is set to \fInewLocale\fR.  msgcat stores and compares the locale in a
case-insensitive manner, and returns locales in lowercase.
The initial locale is determined by the locale specified in
the user's environment.  See \fBLOCALE SPECIFICATION\fR
below for a description of the locale string format.
.TP
\fB::msgcat::mcpreferences\fR
Returns an ordered list of the locales preferred by
the user, based on the user's language specification.
The list is ordered from most specific to least
preference.  The list is derived from the current
locale set in msgcat by \fBmsgcat::mclocale\fR, and
cannot be set independently.  For example, if the
current locale is en_US_funky, then \fBmsgcat::mcpreferences\fR
returns {en_US_funky en_US en}.
.TP
\fB::msgcat::mcload \fIdirname\fR
Searches the specified directory for files that match
the language specifications returned by \fB::msgcat::mcpreferences\fR,
extended by the file extension ``.msg''.  Each matching file is 
read in order, assuming a UTF-8 encoding.  The file contents are
then evaluated as a Tcl script.  This means that non-Latin characters
may be present in the message file either directly in their UTF-8
encoded form, or by use of the backslash-u quoting recognized by Tcl
evaluation.  The number of message files which matched the specification
and were loaded is returned.
.TP
\fB::msgcat::mcset \fIlocale src-string \fR?\fItranslate-string\fR?
Sets the translation for \fIsrc-string\fR to \fItranslate-string\fR
in the specified \fIlocale\fR and the current namespace.  If
\fItranslate-string\fR is not specified, \fIsrc-string\fR is used
for both.  The function returns \fItranslate-string\fR.
.TP
\fB::msgcat::mcmset \fIlocale src-trans-list\fR
Sets the translation for multiple source strings in
\fIsrc-trans-list\fR in the specified \fIlocale\fR and the current
namespace.
\fIsrc-trans-list\fR must have an even number of elements and is in
the form {\fIsrc-string translate-string\fR ?\fIsrc-string
translate-string ...\fR?} \fBmsgcat::mcmset\fR can be significantly
faster than multiple invocations of \fBmsgcat::mcset\fR. The function
returns the number of translations set.
.TP
\fB::msgcat::mcunknown \fIlocale src-string\fR
This routine is called by \fB::msgcat::mc\fR in the case when
a translation for \fIsrc-string\fR is not defined in the
current locale.  The default action is to return
\fIsrc-string\fR.  This procedure can be redefined by the
application, for example to log error messages for each unknown
string.  The \fB::msgcat::mcunknown\fR procedure is invoked at the
same stack context as the call to \fB::msgcat::mc\fR.  The return vaue
of \fB::msgcat::mcunknown\fR is used as the return vaue for the call
to \fB::msgcat::mc\fR.  

.SH "LOCALE SPECIFICATION"
.PP
The locale is specified to \fBmsgcat\fR by a locale string
passed to \fB::msgcat::mclocale\fR.
The locale string consists of
a language code, an optional country code, and an optional
system-specific code, each separated by ``_''.  The country and language
codes are specified in standards ISO-639 and ISO-3166.
For example, the locale ``en'' specifies English and ``en_US'' specifies
U.S. English.
.PP
When the msgcat package is first loaded, the locale is initialized
according to the user's environment.  The variables \fBenv(LC_ALL)\fR,
\fBenv(LC_MESSAGES)\fR, and \fBenv(LANG)\fR are examined in order.
The first of them to have a non-empty value is used to determine the
initial locale.  The value is parsed according to the XPG4 pattern
.CS
language[_country][.codeset][@modifier]
.CE
to extract its parts.  The initial locale is then set by calling
\fBmsgcat::mclocale\fR with the argument 
.CS
language[_country][_modifier]
.CE
On Windows, if none of those environment variables is set, msgcat will
attempt to extract locale information from the
registry.  If all these attempts to discover an initial locale

from the user's environment fail, msgcat defaults to an initial
locale of ``C''.
.PP
When a locale is specified by the user, a ``best match'' search is
performed during string translation.  For example, if a user specifies
en_UK_Funky, the locales ``en_UK_Funky'', ``en_UK'', and ``en'' are
searched in order until a matching translation string is found.  If no
translation string is available, then \fB::msgcat::unknown\fR is
called.

.PP
When searching for a translation of a message, the
message catalog will search first the current namespace,
then the parent of the current namespace, and so on until
the global namespace is reached.  This allows child namespaces
to "inherit" messages from their parent namespace.
.PP
For example, executing (in the ``en'' locale) the code 
.CS
mcset en m1 ":: message1"
mcset en m2 ":: message2"
mcset en m3 ":: message3"
namespace eval ::foo {
    mcset en m2 "::foo message2"
    mcset en m3 "::foo message3"

The message file name is a locale specifier followed
by ``.msg''.  For example:
.CS
es.msg    -- spanish
en_UK.msg -- UK English
.CE
.IP [3]
The file contains a series of calls to \fBmcset\fR and
\fBmcmset\fR, setting the necessary translation strings
for the language, likely enclosed in a \fBnamespace eval\fR
so that all source strings are tied to the namespace of
the package. For example, a short \fBes.msg\fR might contain:
.CS
namespace eval ::mypackage {
    ::msgcat::mcset es "Free Beer!" "Cerveza Gracias!"
}
.CE

.SH "RECOMMENDED MESSAGE SETUP FOR PACKAGES"
.PP
If a package is installed into a subdirectory of the
\fBtcl_pkgPath\fR and loaded via \fBpackage require\fR, the
following procedure is recommended.