#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This file is part of the web2py Web Framework
Copyrighted by Massimo Di Pierro <mdipierro@cs.depaul.edu>
License: LGPLv3 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html)
Thanks to
* Niall Sweeny <niall.sweeny@fonjax.com> for MS SQL support
* Marcel Leuthi <mluethi@mlsystems.ch> for Oracle support
* Denes
* Chris Clark
* clach05
* Denes Lengyel
* and many others who have contributed to current and previous versions
This file contains the DAL support for many relational databases,
including:
- SQLite
- MySQL
- Postgres
- Oracle
- MS SQL
- DB2
- Interbase
- Ingres
- SapDB (experimental)
- Cubrid (experimental)
- CouchDB (experimental)
- MongoDB (in progress)
- Google:nosql
- Google:sql
Example of usage:
>>> # from dal import DAL, Field
### create DAL connection (and create DB if not exists)
>>> db=DAL(('mysql://a:b@locahost/x','sqlite://storage.sqlite'),folder=None)
### define a table 'person' (create/aster as necessary)
>>> person = db.define_table('person',Field('name','string'))
### insert a record
>>> id = person.insert(name='James')
### retrieve it by id
>>> james = person(id)
### retrieve it by name
>>> james = person(name='James')
### retrieve it by arbitrary query
>>> query = (person.name=='James')&(person.name.startswith('J'))
>>> james = db(query).select(person.ALL)[0]
### update one record
>>> james.update_record(name='Jim')
### update multiple records by query
>>> db(person.name.like('J%')).update(name='James')
1
### delete records by query
>>> db(person.name.lower()=='jim').delete()
0
### retrieve multiple records (rows)
>>> people = db(person).select(orderby=person.name,groupby=person.name,limitby=(0,100))
### further filter them
>>> james = people.find(lambda row: row.name=='James').first()
>>> print james.id, james.name
1 James
### check aggrgates
>>> counter = person.id.count()
>>> print db(person).select(counter).first()(counter)
1
### delete one record
>>> james.delete_record()
1
### delete (drop) entire database table
>>> person.drop()
Supported field types:
id string text boolean integer double decimal password upload blob time date datetime,
Supported DAL URI strings:
'sqlite://test.db'
'sqlite:memory'
'jdbc:sqlite://test.db'
'mysql://root:none@localhost/test'
'postgres://mdipierro:none@localhost/test'
'jdbc:postgres://mdipierro:none@localhost/test'
'mssql://web2py:none@A64X2/web2py_test'
'mssql2://web2py:none@A64X2/web2py_test' # alternate mappings
'oracle://username:password@database'
'firebird://user:password@server:3050/database'
'db2://DSN=dsn;UID=user;PWD=pass'
'firebird://username:password@hostname/database'
'firebird_embedded://username:password@c://path'
'informix://user:password@server:3050/database'
'informixu://user:password@server:3050/database' # unicode informix
'google:datastore' # for google app engine datastore
'google:sql' # for google app engine with sql (mysql compatible)
'teradata://DSN=dsn;UID=user;PWD=pass' # experimental
For more info:
help(DAL)
help(Field)
"""
###################################################################################
# this file orly exposes DAL and Field
###################################################################################
__all__ = ['DAL', 'Field']
MAXCHARLENGTH = 2**15 # not quite but reasonable default max char length
DEFAULTLENGTH = {'string':512,
'password':512,
'upload':512,
'text':2**15,
'blob':2**31}
import re
import sys
import locale
import os
import types
import cPickle
import datetime
import threading
import time
import cStringIO
import csv
import copy
import socket
import logging
import copy_reg
import base64
import shutil
import marshal
import decimal
import struct
import urllib
import hashlib
import uuid
import glob
CALLABLETYPES = (types.LambdaType, types.FunctionType, types.BuiltinFunctionType,
types.MethodType, types.BuiltinMethodType)
###################################################################################
# following checks allows running of dal without web2py as a standalone module
###################################################################################
try:
from utils import web2py_uuid
except ImportError:
import uuid
def web2py_uuid(): return str(uuid.uuid4())
try:
import portalocker
have_portalocker = True
except ImportError:
have_portalocker = False
try:
import serializers
have_serializers = True
except ImportError:
have_serializers = False
try:
import validators
have_validators = True
except ImportError:
have_validators = False
logger = logging.getLogger("web2py.dal")
DEFAULT = lambda:0
sql_locker = threading.RLock()
thread = threading.local()
# internal representation of tables with field
# <table>.<field>, tables and fields may only be [a-zA-Z0-0_]
regex_dbname = re.compile('^(\w+)(\:\w+)*')
table_field = re.compile('^([\w_]+)\.([\w_]+)$')
regex_content = re.compile('(?P<table>[\w\-]+)\.(?P<field>[\w\-]+)\.(?P<uuidkey>[\w\-]+)\.(?P<name>\w+)\.\w+$')
regex_cleanup_fn = re.compile('[\'"\s;]+')
string_unpack=re.compile('(?<!\|)\|(?!\|)')
regex_python_keywords = re.compile('^(and|del|from|not|while|as|elif|global|or|with|assert|else|if|pass|yield|break|except|import|print|class|exec|in|raise|continue|finally|is|return|def|for|lambda|try)$')
# list of drivers will be built on the fly
# and lists only what is available
drivers = []
try:
from new import classobj
from google.appengine.ext import db as gae
from google.appengine.api import namespace_manager, rdbms
from google.appengine.api.datastore_types import Key ### needed for belongs on ID
from google.appengine.ext.db.polymodel import PolyModel
drivers.append('google')
except ImportError:
pass
if not 'google' in drivers:
try:
from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite3
drivers.append('pysqlite2')
except ImportError:
try:
from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as sqlite3
drivers.append('SQLite3')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no sqlite3 or pysqlite2.dbapi2 driver')
try:
import contrib.pymysql as pymysql
drivers.append('pymysql')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no pymysql driver')
try:
import psycopg2
from psycopg2.extensions import adapt as psycopg2_adapt
drivers.append('PostgreSQL')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no psycopg2 driver')
try:
import cx_Oracle
drivers.append('Oracle')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no cx_Oracle driver')
try:
import pyodbc
drivers.append('MSSQL/DB2')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no MSSQL/DB2 driver')
try:
import kinterbasdb
drivers.append('Interbase')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no kinterbasdb driver')
try:
import firebirdsql
drivers.append('Firebird')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no Firebird driver')
try:
import informixdb
drivers.append('Informix')
logger.warning('Informix support is experimental')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no informixdb driver')
try:
import sapdb
drivers.append('SAPDB')
logger.warning('SAPDB support is experimental')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no sapdb driver')
try:
import cubriddb
drivers.append('Cubrid')
logger.warning('Cubrid support is experimental')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no cubriddb driver')
try:
from com.ziclix.python.sql import zxJDBC
import java.sql
# Try sqlite jdbc driver from http://www.zentus.com/sqlitejdbc/
from org.sqlite import JDBC # required by java.sql; ensure we have it
drivers.append('zxJDBC')
logger.warning('zxJDBC support is experimental')
is_jdbc = True
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no zxJDBC driver')
is_jdbc = False
try:
import ingresdbi
drivers.append('Ingres')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no Ingres driver')
# NOTE could try JDBC.......
try:
import couchdb
drivers.append('CouchDB')
except ImportError:
logger.debug('no couchdb driver')
try:
import pymongo
drivers.append('mongoDB')
except:
logger.debug('no mongoDB driver')
def OR(a,b):
return a|b
def AND(a,b):
return a&b
if 'google' in drivers:
is_jdbc = False
class GAEDecimalProperty(gae.Property):
"""
GAE decimal implementation
"""
data_type = decimal.Decimal
def __init__(self, precision, scale, **kwargs):
super(GAEDecimalProperty, self).__init__(self, **kwargs)
d = '1.'
for x in range(scale):
d += '0'
self.round = decimal.Decimal(d)
def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance):
value = super(GAEDecimalProperty, self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance)
if value:
return str(value)
else:
return None
def make_value_from_datastore(self, value):
if value:
return decimal.Decimal(value).quantize(self.round)
else:
return None
def validate(self, value):
value = super(GAEDecimalProperty, self).validate(value)
if value is None or isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
return value
elif isinstance(value, basestring):
return decimal.Decimal(value)
raise gae.BadValueError("Property %s must be a Decimal or string." % self.name)
###################################################################################
# class that handles connection pooling (all adapters derived form this one)
###################################################################################
class ConnectionPool(object):
pools = {}
check_active_connection = True
@staticmethod
def set_folder(folder):
thread.folder = folder
# ## this allows gluon to commit/rollback all dbs in this thread
@staticmethod
def close_all_instances(action):
""" to close cleanly databases in a multithreaded environment """
if not hasattr(thread,'instances'):
return
while thread.instances:
instance = thread.instances.pop()
getattr(instance,action)()
# ## if you want pools, recycle this connection
really = True
if instance.pool_size:
sql_locker.acquire()
pool = ConnectionPool.pools[instance.uri]
if len(pool) < instance.pool_size:
pool.append(instance.connection)
really = False
sql_locker.release()
if really:
getattr(instance,'close')()
return
def find_or_make_work_folder(self):
""" this actually does not make the folder. it has to be there """
if hasattr(thread,'folder'):
self.folder = thread.folder
else:
self.folder = thread.folder = ''
# Creating the folder if it does not exist
if False and self.folder and not os.path.exists(self.folder):
os.mkdir(self.folder)
def pool_connection(self, f, cursor=True):
"""
this function defines: self.connection and self.cursor (iff cursor is True)
if self.pool_size>0 it will try pull the connection from the pool
if the connection is not active (closed by db server) it will loop
if not self.pool_size or no active connections in pool makes a new one
"""
if not self.pool_size:
self.connection = f()
self.cursor = cursor and self.connection.cursor()
else:
uri = self.uri
while True:
sql_locker.acquire()
if not uri in ConnectionPool.pools:
ConnectionPool.pools[uri] = []
if ConnectionPool.pools[uri]:
self.connection = ConnectionPool.pools[uri].pop()
sql_locker.release()
self.cursor = cursor and self.connection.cursor()
try:
if self.cursor and self.check_active_connection:
self.execute('SELECT 1;')
break
except:
pass
else:
sql_locker.release()
self.connection = f()
self.cursor = cursor and self.connection.cursor()
break
if not hasattr(thread,'instances'):
thread.instances = []
thread.instances.append(self)
###################################################################################
# this is a generic adapter that does nothing; all others are derived form this one
###################################################################################
class BaseAdapter(ConnectionPool):
driver = None
maxcharlength = MAXCHARLENGTH
commit_on_alter_table = False
support_distributed_transaction = False
uploads_in_blob = False
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'CHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'TEXT',
'password': 'CHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'BLOB',
'upload': 'CHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INTEGER',
'double': 'DOUBLE',
'decimal': 'DOUBLE',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP',
'id': 'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT',
'reference': 'INTEGER REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'TEXT',
'list:string': 'TEXT',
'list:reference': 'TEXT',
}
def adapt(self,obj):
return "'%s'" % obj.replace("'", "''")
def integrity_error(self):
return self.driver.IntegrityError
def operational_error(self):
return self.driver.OperationalError
def file_exists(self, filename):
"""
to be used ONLY for files that on GAE may not be on filesystem
"""
return os.path.exists(filename)
def file_open(self, filename, mode='rb', lock=True):
"""
to be used ONLY for files that on GAE may not be on filesystem
"""
fileobj = open(filename,mode)
if have_portalocker and lock:
if mode in ('r','rb'):
portalocker.lock(fileobj,portalocker.LOCK_SH)
elif mode in ('w','wb','a'):
portalocker.lock(fileobj,portalocker.LOCK_EX)
else:
fileobj.close()
raise RuntimeError, "Unsupported file_open mode"
return fileobj
def file_close(self, fileobj, unlock=True):
"""
to be used ONLY for files that on GAE may not be on filesystem
"""
if fileobj:
if have_portalocker and unlock:
portalocker.unlock(fileobj)
fileobj.close()
def file_delete(self, filename):
os.unlink(filename)
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "None"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
class Dummy(object):
lastrowid = 1
def __getattr__(self, value):
return lambda *a, **b: []
self.connection = Dummy()
self.cursor = Dummy()
def sequence_name(self,tablename):
return '%s_sequence' % tablename
def trigger_name(self,tablename):
return '%s_sequence' % tablename
def create_table(self, table, migrate=True, fake_migrate=False, polymodel=None):
fields = []
sql_fields = {}
sql_fields_aux = {}
TFK = {}
tablename = table._tablename
sortable = 0
for field in table:
sortable += 1
k = field.name
if isinstance(field.type,SQLCustomType):
ftype = field.type.native or field.type.type
elif field.type.startswith('reference'):
referenced = field.type[10:].strip()
constraint_name = self.constraint_name(tablename, field.name)
if hasattr(table,'_primarykey'):
rtablename,rfieldname = referenced.split('.')
rtable = table._db[rtablename]
rfield = rtable[rfieldname]
# must be PK reference or unique
if rfieldname in rtable._primarykey or rfield.unique:
ftype = self.types[rfield.type[:9]] % dict(length=rfield.length)
# multicolumn primary key reference?
if not rfield.unique and len(rtable._primarykey)>1 :
# then it has to be a table level FK
if rtablename not in TFK:
TFK[rtablename] = {}
TFK[rtablename][rfieldname] = field.name
else:
ftype = ftype + \
self.types['reference FK'] %dict(\
constraint_name=constraint_name,
table_name=tablename,
field_name=field.name,
foreign_key='%s (%s)'%(rtablename, rfieldname),
on_delete_action=field.ondelete)
else:
# make a guess here for circular references
id_fieldname = referenced in table._db and table._db[referenced]._id.name or 'id'
ftype = self.types[field.type[:9]]\
% dict(table_name=tablename,
field_name=field.name,
constraint_name=constraint_name,
foreign_key=referenced + ('(%s)' % id_fieldname),
on_delete_action=field.ondelete)
elif field.type.startswith('list:reference'):
ftype = self.types[field.type[:14]]
elif field.type.startswith('decimal'):
precision, scale = map(int,field.type[8:-1].split(','))
ftype = self.types[field.type[:7]] % \
dict(precision=precision,scale=scale)
elif not field.type in self.types:
raise SyntaxError, 'Field: unknown field type: %s for %s' % \
(field.type, field.name)
else:
ftype = self.types[field.type]\
% dict(length=field.length)
if not field.type.startswith('id') and not field.type.startswith('reference'):
if field.notnull:
ftype += ' NOT NULL'
else:
ftype += self.ALLOW_NULL()
if field.unique:
ftype += ' UNIQUE'
# add to list of fields
sql_fields[field.name] = dict(sortable=sortable,
type=str(field.type),
sql=ftype)
if isinstance(field.default,(str,int,float)):
# caveat: sql_fields and sql_fields_aux differ for default values
# sql_fields is used to trigger migrations and sql_fields_aux
# are used for create table
# the reason is that we do not want to trigger a migration simply
# because a default value changes
not_null = self.NOT_NULL(field.default,field.type)
ftype = ftype.replace('NOT NULL',not_null)
sql_fields_aux[field.name] = dict(sql=ftype)
fields.append('%s %s' % (field.name, ftype))
other = ';'
# backend-specific extensions to fields
if self.dbengine == 'mysql':
if not hasattr(table, "_primarykey"):
fields.append('PRIMARY KEY(%s)' % table._id.name)
other = ' ENGINE=InnoDB CHARACTER SET utf8;'
fields = ',\n '.join(fields)
for rtablename in TFK:
rfields = TFK[rtablename]
pkeys = table._db[rtablename]._primarykey
fkeys = [ rfields[k] for k in pkeys ]
fields = fields + ',\n ' + \
self.types['reference TFK'] %\
dict(table_name=tablename,
field_name=', '.join(fkeys),
foreign_table=rtablename,
foreign_key=', '.join(pkeys),
on_delete_action=field.ondelete)
if hasattr(table,'_primarykey'):
query = '''CREATE TABLE %s(\n %s,\n %s) %s''' % \
(tablename, fields, self.PRIMARY_KEY(', '.join(table._primarykey)),other)
else:
query = '''CREATE TABLE %s(\n %s\n)%s''' % \
(tablename, fields, other)
if self.uri.startswith('sqlite:///'):
path_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'utf8'
dbpath = self.uri[9:self.uri.rfind('/')].decode('utf8').encode(path_encoding)
else:
dbpath = self.folder
if not migrate:
return query
elif self.uri.startswith('sqlite:memory'):
table._dbt = None
elif isinstance(migrate, str):
table._dbt = os.path.join(dbpath, migrate)
else:
table._dbt = os.path.join(dbpath, '%s_%s.table' \
% (table._db._uri_hash, tablename))
if table._dbt:
table._loggername = os.path.join(dbpath, 'sql.log')
logfile = self.file_open(table._loggername, 'a')
else:
logfile = None
if not table._dbt or not self.file_exists(table._dbt):
if table._dbt:
logfile.write('timestamp: %s\n'
% datetime.datetime.today().isoformat())
logfile.write(query + '\n')
if not fake_migrate:
self.create_sequence_and_triggers(query,table)
table._db.commit()
if table._dbt:
tfile = self.file_open(table._dbt, 'w')
cPickle.dump(sql_fields, tfile)
self.file_close(tfile)
if fake_migrate:
logfile.write('faked!\n')
else:
logfile.write('success!\n')
else:
tfile = self.file_open(table._dbt, 'r')
try:
sql_fields_old = cPickle.load(tfile)
except EOFError:
self.file_close(tfile)
self.file_close(logfile)
raise RuntimeError, 'File %s appears corrupted' % table._dbt
self.file_close(tfile)
if sql_fields != sql_fields_old:
self.migrate_table(table,
sql_fields, sql_fields_old,
sql_fields_aux, logfile,
fake_migrate=fake_migrate)
self.file_close(logfile)
return query
def migrate_table(
self,
table,
sql_fields,
sql_fields_old,
sql_fields_aux,
logfile,
fake_migrate=False,
):
tablename = table._tablename
def fix(item):
k,v=item
if not isinstance(v,dict):
v=dict(type='unkown',sql=v)
return k.lower(),v
### make sure all field names are lower case to avoid conflicts
sql_fields = dict(map(fix,sql_fields.items()))
sql_fields_old = dict(map(fix,sql_fields_old.items()))
sql_fields_aux = dict(map(fix,sql_fields_aux.items()))
keys = sql_fields.keys()
for key in sql_fields_old:
if not key in keys:
keys.append(key)
if self.dbengine == 'mssql':
new_add = '; ALTER TABLE %s ADD ' % tablename
else:
new_add = ', ADD '
metadata_change = False
sql_fields_current = copy.copy(sql_fields_old)
for key in keys:
query = None
if not key in sql_fields_old:
sql_fields_current[key] = sql_fields[key]
query = ['ALTER TABLE %s ADD %s %s;' % \
(tablename, key,
sql_fields_aux[key]['sql'].replace(', ', new_add))]
metadata_change = True
elif self.dbengine == 'sqlite':
if key in sql_fields:
sql_fields_current[key] = sql_fields[key]
metadata_change = True
elif not key in sql_fields:
del sql_fields_current[key]
if not self.dbengine in ('firebird',):
query = ['ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN %s;' % (tablename, key)]
else:
query = ['ALTER TABLE %s DROP %s;' % (tablename, key)]
metadata_change = True
elif sql_fields[key]['sql'] != sql_fields_old[key]['sql'] \
and not isinstance(table[key].type, SQLCustomType) \
and not (table[key].type.startswith('reference') and \
sql_fields[key]['sql'].startswith('INT,') and \
sql_fields_old[key]['sql'].startswith('INT NOT NULL,')):
sql_fields_current[key] = sql_fields[key]
t = tablename
tt = sql_fields_aux[key]['sql'].replace(', ', new_add)
if not self.dbengine in ('firebird',):
query = ['ALTER TABLE %s ADD %s__tmp %s;' % (t, key, tt),
'UPDATE %s SET %s__tmp=%s;' % (t, key, key),
'ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN %s;' % (t, key),
'ALTER TABLE %s ADD %s %s;' % (t, key, tt),
'UPDATE %s SET %s=%s__tmp;' % (t, key, key),
'ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN %s__tmp;' % (t, key)]
else:
query = ['ALTER TABLE %s ADD %s__tmp %s;' % (t, key, tt),
'UPDATE %s SET %s__tmp=%s;' % (t, key, key),
'ALTER TABLE %s DROP %s;' % (t, key),
'ALTER TABLE %s ADD %s %s;' % (t, key, tt),
'UPDATE %s SET %s=%s__tmp;' % (t, key, key),
'ALTER TABLE %s DROP %s__tmp;' % (t, key)]
metadata_change = True
elif sql_fields[key]['type'] != sql_fields_old[key]['type']:
sql_fields_current[key] = sql_fields[key]
metadata_change = True
if query:
logfile.write('timestamp: %s\n'
% datetime.datetime.today().isoformat())
table._db['_lastsql'] = '\n'.join(query)
for sub_query in query:
logfile.write(sub_query + '\n')
if not fake_migrate:
self.execute(sub_query)
# caveat. mysql, oracle and firebird do not allow multiple alter table
# in one transaction so we must commit partial transactions and
# update table._dbt after alter table.
if table._db._adapter.commit_on_alter_table:
table._db.commit()
tfile = self.file_open(table._dbt, 'w')
cPickle.dump(sql_fields_current, tfile)
self.file_close(tfile)
logfile.write('success!\n')
else:
logfile.write('faked!\n')
elif metadata_change:
tfile = self.file_open(table._dbt, 'w')
cPickle.dump(sql_fields_current, tfile)
self.file_close(tfile)
if metadata_change and \
not (query and self.dbengine in ('mysql','oracle','firebird')):
table._db.commit()
tfile = self.file_open(table._dbt, 'w')
cPickle.dump(sql_fields_current, tfile)
self.file_close(tfile)
def LOWER(self,first):
return 'LOWER(%s)' % self.expand(first)
def UPPER(self,first):
return 'UPPER(%s)' % self.expand(first)
def EXTRACT(self,first,what):
return "EXTRACT(%s FROM %s)" % (what, self.expand(first))
def AGGREGATE(self,first,what):
return "%s(%s)" % (what,self.expand(first))
def JOIN(self):
return 'JOIN'
def LEFT_JOIN(self):
return 'LEFT JOIN'
def RANDOM(self):
return 'Random()'
def NOT_NULL(self,default,field_type):
return 'NOT NULL DEFAULT %s' % self.represent(default,field_type)
def COALESCE(self,first,second):
expressions = [self.expand(first)]+[self.expand(e) for e in second]
return 'COALESCE(%s)' % ','.join(expressions)
def COALESCE_ZERO(self,first):
return 'COALESCE(%s,0)' % self.expand(first)
def RAW(self,first):
return first
def ALLOW_NULL(self):
return ''
def SUBSTRING(self,field,parameters):
return 'SUBSTR(%s,%s,%s)' % (self.expand(field), parameters[0], parameters[1])
def PRIMARY_KEY(self,key):
return 'PRIMARY KEY(%s)' % key
def _drop(self,table,mode):
return ['DROP TABLE %s;' % table]
def drop(self, table, mode=''):
if table._dbt:
logfile = self.file_open(table._loggername, 'a')
queries = self._drop(table, mode)
for query in queries:
if table._dbt:
logfile.write(query + '\n')
self.execute(query)
table._db.commit()
del table._db[table._tablename]
del table._db.tables[table._db.tables.index(table._tablename)]
table._db._update_referenced_by(table._tablename)
if table._dbt:
self.file_delete(table._dbt)
logfile.write('success!\n')
def _insert(self,table,fields):
keys = ','.join(f.name for f,v in fields)
values = ','.join(self.expand(v,f.type) for f,v in fields)
return 'INSERT INTO %s(%s) VALUES (%s);' % (table, keys, values)
def insert(self,table,fields):
query = self._insert(table,fields)
try:
self.execute(query)
except Exception, e:
if isinstance(e,self.integrity_error_class()):
return None
raise e
if hasattr(table,'_primarykey'):
return dict([(k[0].name, k[1]) for k in fields \
if k[0].name in table._primarykey])
id = self.lastrowid(table)
if not isinstance(id,int):
return id
rid = Reference(id)
(rid._table, rid._record) = (table, None)
return rid
def bulk_insert(self,table,items):
return [self.insert(table,item) for item in items]
def NOT(self,first):
return '(NOT %s)' % self.expand(first)
def AND(self,first,second):
return '(%s AND %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def OR(self,first,second):
return '(%s OR %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def BELONGS(self,first,second):
if isinstance(second,str):
return '(%s IN (%s))' % (self.expand(first),second[:-1])
elif second==[] or second==():
return '(1=0)'
items =','.join(self.expand(item,first.type) for item in second)
return '(%s IN (%s))' % (self.expand(first),items)
def LIKE(self,first,second):
return '(%s LIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,'string'))
def STARTSWITH(self,first,second):
return '(%s LIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second+'%','string'))
def ENDSWITH(self,first,second):
return '(%s LIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand('%'+second,'string'))
def CONTAINS(self,first,second):
if first.type in ('string','text'):
key = '%'+str(second).replace('%','%%')+'%'
elif first.type.startswith('list:'):
key = '%|'+str(second).replace('|','||').replace('%','%%')+'|%'
return '(%s LIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(key,'string'))
def EQ(self,first,second=None):
if second is None:
return '(%s IS NULL)' % self.expand(first)
return '(%s = %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def NE(self,first,second=None):
if second is None:
return '(%s IS NOT NULL)' % self.expand(first)
return '(%s <> %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def LT(self,first,second=None):
return '(%s < %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def LE(self,first,second=None):
return '(%s <= %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def GT(self,first,second=None):
return '(%s > %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def GE(self,first,second=None):
return '(%s >= %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def ADD(self,first,second):
return '(%s + %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def SUB(self,first,second):
return '(%s - %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def MUL(self,first,second):
return '(%s * %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def DIV(self,first,second):
return '(%s / %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def MOD(self,first,second):
return '(%s %% %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def AS(self,first,second):
return '%s AS %s' % (self.expand(first),second)
def ON(self,first,second):
return '%s ON %s' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def INVERT(self,first):
return '%s DESC' % self.expand(first)
def COMMA(self,first,second):
return '%s, %s' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def expand(self,expression,field_type=None):
if isinstance(expression,Field):
return str(expression)
elif isinstance(expression, (Expression, Query)):
if not expression.second is None:
return expression.op(expression.first, expression.second)
elif not expression.first is None:
return expression.op(expression.first)
elif not isinstance(expression.op,str):
return expression.op()
else:
return '(%s)' % expression.op
elif field_type:
return self.represent(expression,field_type)
elif isinstance(expression,(list,tuple)):
return ','.join([self.represent(item,field_type) for item in expression])
else:
return str(expression)
def alias(self,table,alias):
"""
given a table object, makes a new table object
with alias name.
"""
other = copy.copy(table)
other['_ot'] = other._tablename
other['ALL'] = SQLALL(other)
other['_tablename'] = alias
for fieldname in other.fields:
other[fieldname] = copy.copy(other[fieldname])
other[fieldname]._tablename = alias
other[fieldname].tablename = alias
other[fieldname].table = other
table._db[alias] = other
return other
def _truncate(self,table,mode = ''):
tablename = table._tablename
return ['TRUNCATE TABLE %s %s;' % (tablename, mode or '')]
def truncate(self,table,mode= ' '):
# Prepare functions "write_to_logfile" and "close_logfile"
if table._dbt:
logfile = self.file_open(table._loggername, 'a')
else:
class Logfile(object):
def write(self, value):
pass
def close(self):
pass
logfile = Logfile()
try:
queries = table._db._adapter._truncate(table, mode)
for query in queries:
logfile.write(query + '\n')
self.execute(query)
table._db.commit()
logfile.write('success!\n')
finally:
logfile.close()
def _update(self,tablename,query,fields):
query = self.filter_tenant(query,[tablename])
if query:
sql_w = ' WHERE ' + self.expand(query)
else:
sql_w = ''
sql_v = ','.join(['%s=%s' % (field.name, self.expand(value,field.type)) for (field,value) in fields])
return 'UPDATE %s SET %s%s;' % (tablename, sql_v, sql_w)
def update(self,tablename,query,fields):
sql = self._update(tablename,query,fields)
self.execute(sql)
try:
return self.cursor.rowcount
except:
return None
def _delete(self,tablename, query):
query = self.filter_tenant(query,[tablename])
if query:
sql_w = ' WHERE ' + self.expand(query)
else:
sql_w = ''
return 'DELETE FROM %s%s;' % (tablename, sql_w)
def delete(self,tablename,query):
sql = self._delete(tablename,query)
### special code to handle CASCADE in SQLite
db = self.db
table = db[tablename]
if self.dbengine=='sqlite' and table._referenced_by:
deleted = [x[table._id.name] for x in db(query).select(table._id)]
### end special code to handle CASCADE in SQLite
self.execute(sql)
try:
counter = self.cursor.rowcount
except:
counter = None
### special code to handle CASCADE in SQLite
if self.dbengine=='sqlite' and counter:
for tablename,fieldname in table._referenced_by:
f = db[tablename][fieldname]
if f.type=='reference '+table._tablename and f.ondelete=='CASCADE':
db(db[tablename][fieldname].belongs(deleted)).delete()
### end special code to handle CASCADE in SQLite
return counter
def get_table(self,query):
tablenames = self.tables(query)
if len(tablenames)==1:
return tablenames[0]
elif len(tablenames)<1:
raise RuntimeError, "No table selected"
else:
raise RuntimeError, "Too many tables selected"
def _select(self, query, fields, attributes):
for key in set(attributes.keys())-set(('orderby','groupby','limitby',
'required','cache','left',
'distinct','having', 'join')):
raise SyntaxError, 'invalid select attribute: %s' % key
# ## if not fields specified take them all from the requested tables
new_fields = []
for item in fields:
if isinstance(item,SQLALL):
new_fields += item.table
else:
new_fields.append(item)
fields = new_fields
tablenames = self.tables(query)
query = self.filter_tenant(query,tablenames)
if not fields:
for table in tablenames:
for field in self.db[table]:
fields.append(field)
else:
for field in fields:
if isinstance(field,basestring) and table_field.match(field):
tn,fn = field.split('.')
field = self.db[tn][fn]
for tablename in self.tables(field):
if not tablename in tablenames:
tablenames.append(tablename)
if len(tablenames) < 1:
raise SyntaxError, 'Set: no tables selected'
sql_f = ', '.join(map(self.expand,fields))
self._colnames = [c.strip() for c in sql_f.split(', ')]
if query:
sql_w = ' WHERE ' + self.expand(query)
else:
sql_w = ''
sql_o = ''
sql_s = ''
left = attributes.get('left', False)
inner_join = attributes.get('join', False)
distinct = attributes.get('distinct', False)
groupby = attributes.get('groupby', False)
orderby = attributes.get('orderby', False)
having = attributes.get('having', False)
limitby = attributes.get('limitby', False)
if distinct is True:
sql_s += 'DISTINCT'
elif distinct:
sql_s += 'DISTINCT ON (%s)' % distinct
if inner_join:
icommand = self.JOIN()
if not isinstance(inner_join, (tuple, list)):
inner_join = [inner_join]
ijoint = [t._tablename for t in inner_join if not isinstance(t,Expression)]
ijoinon = [t for t in inner_join if isinstance(t, Expression)]
ijoinont = [t.first._tablename for t in ijoinon]
iexcluded = [t for t in tablenames if not t in ijoint + ijoinont]
if left:
join = attributes['left']
command = self.LEFT_JOIN()
if not isinstance(join, (tuple, list)):
join = [join]
joint = [t._tablename for t in join if not isinstance(t,Expression)]
joinon = [t for t in join if isinstance(t, Expression)]
#patch join+left patch (solves problem with ordering in left joins)
tables_to_merge={}
[tables_to_merge.update(dict.fromkeys(self.tables(t))) for t in joinon]
joinont = [t.first._tablename for t in joinon]
[tables_to_merge.pop(t) for t in joinont if t in tables_to_merge]
important_tablenames = joint + joinont + tables_to_merge.keys()
excluded = [t for t in tablenames if not t in important_tablenames ]
def alias(t):
return str(self.db[t])
if inner_join and not left:
sql_t = ', '.join(alias(t) for t in iexcluded)
for t in ijoinon:
sql_t += ' %s %s' % (icommand, str(t))
elif not inner_join and left:
sql_t = ', '.join([alias(t) for t in excluded + tables_to_merge.keys()])
if joint:
sql_t += ' %s %s' % (command, ','.join([t for t in joint]))
for t in joinon:
sql_t += ' %s %s' % (command, str(t))
elif inner_join and left:
sql_t = ','.join([alias(t) for t in excluded + \
tables_to_merge.keys() if t in iexcluded ])
for t in ijoinon:
sql_t += ' %s %s' % (icommand, str(t))
if joint:
sql_t += ' %s %s' % (command, ','.join([t for t in joint]))
for t in joinon:
sql_t += ' %s %s' % (command, str(t))
else:
sql_t = ', '.join(alias(t) for t in tablenames)
if groupby:
if isinstance(groupby, (list, tuple)):
groupby = xorify(groupby)
sql_o += ' GROUP BY %s' % self.expand(groupby)
if having:
sql_o += ' HAVING %s' % attributes['having']
if orderby:
if isinstance(orderby, (list, tuple)):
orderby = xorify(orderby)
if str(orderby) == '<random>':
sql_o += ' ORDER BY %s' % self.RANDOM()
else:
sql_o += ' ORDER BY %s' % self.expand(orderby)
if limitby:
if not orderby and tablenames:
sql_o += ' ORDER BY %s' % ', '.join(['%s.%s'%(t,x) for t in tablenames for x in ((hasattr(self.db[t],'_primarykey') and self.db[t]._primarykey) or [self.db[t]._id.name])])
# oracle does not support limitby
return self.select_limitby(sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby)
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
sql_o += ' LIMIT %i OFFSET %i' % (lmax - lmin, lmin)
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def select(self,query,fields,attributes):
"""
Always returns a Rows object, even if it may be empty
"""
def response(sql):
self.execute(sql)
return self.cursor.fetchall()
sql = self._select(query,fields,attributes)
if attributes.get('cache', None):
(cache_model, time_expire) = attributes['cache']
del attributes['cache']
key = self.uri + '/' + sql
key = (key<=200) and key or hashlib.md5(key).hexdigest()
rows = cache_model(key, lambda: response(sql), time_expire)
else:
rows = response(sql)
if isinstance(rows,tuple):
rows = list(rows)
limitby = attributes.get('limitby',None) or (0,)
rows = self.rowslice(rows,limitby[0],None)
return self.parse(rows,self._colnames)
def _count(self,query,distinct=None):
tablenames = self.tables(query)
query = self.filter_tenant(query,tablenames)
if query:
sql_w = ' WHERE ' + self.expand(query)
else:
sql_w = ''
sql_t = ','.join(tablenames)
if distinct:
if isinstance(distinct,(list,tuple)):
distinct = xorify(distinct)
sql_d = self.expand(distinct)
return 'SELECT count(DISTINCT %s) FROM %s%s;' % (sql_d, sql_t, sql_w)
return 'SELECT count(*) FROM %s%s;' % (sql_t, sql_w)
def count(self,query,distinct=None):
self.execute(self._count(query,distinct))
return self.cursor.fetchone()[0]
def tables(self,query):
tables = set()
if isinstance(query, Field):
tables.add(query.tablename)
elif isinstance(query, (Expression, Query)):
if not query.first is None:
tables = tables.union(self.tables(query.first))
if not query.second is None:
tables = tables.union(self.tables(query.second))
return list(tables)
def commit(self):
return self.connection.commit()
def rollback(self):
return self.connection.rollback()
def close(self):
return self.connection.close()
def distributed_transaction_begin(self,key):
return
def prepare(self,key):
self.connection.prepare()
def commit_prepared(self,key):
self.connection.commit()
def rollback_prepared(self,key):
self.connection.rollback()
def concat_add(self,table):
return ', ADD '
def constraint_name(self, table, fieldname):
return '%s_%s__constraint' % (table,fieldname)
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args):
self.execute(query)
def log_execute(self,*a,**b):
self.db._lastsql = a[0]
t0 = time.time()
ret = self.cursor.execute(*a,**b)
self.db._timings.append((a[0],time.time()-t0))
return ret
def execute(self,*a,**b):
return self.log_execute(*a, **b)
def represent(self, obj, fieldtype):
if isinstance(obj,CALLABLETYPES):
obj = obj()
if isinstance(fieldtype, SQLCustomType):
return fieldtype.encoder(obj)
if isinstance(obj, (Expression, Field)):
return str(obj)
if fieldtype.startswith('list:'):
if not obj:
obj = []
if not isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
obj = [obj]
if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
obj = bar_encode(obj)
if obj is None:
return 'NULL'
if obj == '' and not fieldtype[:2] in ['st', 'te', 'pa', 'up']:
return 'NULL'
r = self.represent_exceptions(obj,fieldtype)
if not r is None:
return r
if fieldtype == 'boolean':
if obj and not str(obj)[:1].upper() in ['F', '0']:
return "'T'"
else:
return "'F'"
if fieldtype == 'id' or fieldtype == 'integer':
return str(int(obj))
if fieldtype.startswith('decimal'):
return str(obj)
elif fieldtype.startswith('reference'): # reference
if fieldtype.find('.')>0:
return repr(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, (Row, Reference)):
return str(obj['id'])
return str(int(obj))
elif fieldtype == 'double':
return repr(float(obj))
if isinstance(obj, unicode):
obj = obj.encode(self.db_codec)
if fieldtype == 'blob':
obj = base64.b64encode(str(obj))
elif fieldtype == 'date':
if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]
else:
obj = str(obj)
elif fieldtype == 'datetime':
if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:19].replace('T',' ')
elif isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]+' 00:00:00'
else:
obj = str(obj)
elif fieldtype == 'time':
if isinstance(obj, datetime.time):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]
else:
obj = str(obj)
if not isinstance(obj,str):
obj = str(obj)
try:
obj.decode(self.db_codec)
except:
obj = obj.decode('latin1').encode(self.db_codec)
return self.adapt(obj)
def represent_exceptions(self, obj, fieldtype):
return None
def lastrowid(self,table):
return None
def integrity_error_class(self):
return type(None)
def rowslice(self,rows,minimum=0,maximum=None):
""" by default this function does nothing, overload when db does not do slicing """
return rows
def parse(self, rows, colnames, blob_decode=True):
db = self.db
virtualtables = []
new_rows = []
for (i,row) in enumerate(rows):
new_row = Row()
for j,colname in enumerate(colnames):
value = row[j]
if not table_field.match(colnames[j]):
if not '_extra' in new_row:
new_row['_extra'] = Row()
new_row['_extra'][colnames[j]] = value
select_as_parser = re.compile("\s+AS\s+(\S+)")
new_column_name = select_as_parser.search(colnames[j])
if not new_column_name is None:
column_name = new_column_name.groups(0)
setattr(new_row,column_name[0],value)
continue
(tablename, fieldname) = colname.split('.')
table = db[tablename]
field = table[fieldname]
field_type = field.type
if field.type != 'blob' and isinstance(value, str):
try:
value = value.decode(db._db_codec)
except Exception:
pass
if isinstance(value, unicode):
value = value.encode('utf-8')
if not tablename in new_row:
colset = new_row[tablename] = Row()
if tablename not in virtualtables:
virtualtables.append(tablename)
else:
colset = new_row[tablename]
if isinstance(field_type, SQLCustomType):
colset[fieldname] = field_type.decoder(value)
# field_type = field_type.type
elif not isinstance(field_type, str) or value is None:
colset[fieldname] = value
elif isinstance(field_type, str) and \
field_type.startswith('reference'):
referee = field_type[10:].strip()
if not '.' in referee:
colset[fieldname] = rid = Reference(value)
(rid._table, rid._record) = (db[referee], None)
else: ### reference not by id
colset[fieldname] = value
elif field_type == 'boolean':
if value == True or str(value)[:1].lower() == 't':
colset[fieldname] = True
else:
colset[fieldname] = False
elif field_type == 'date' \
and (not isinstance(value, datetime.date)\
or isinstance(value, datetime.datetime)):
(y, m, d) = map(int, str(value)[:10].strip().split('-'))
colset[fieldname] = datetime.date(y, m, d)
elif field_type == 'time' \
and not isinstance(value, datetime.time):
time_items = map(int,str(value)[:8].strip().split(':')[:3])
if len(time_items) == 3:
(h, mi, s) = time_items
else:
(h, mi, s) = time_items + [0]
colset[fieldname] = datetime.time(h, mi, s)
elif field_type == 'datetime'\
and not isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
(y, m, d) = map(int,str(value)[:10].strip().split('-'))
time_items = map(int,str(value)[11:19].strip().split(':')[:3])
if len(time_items) == 3:
(h, mi, s) = time_items
else:
(h, mi, s) = time_items + [0]
colset[fieldname] = datetime.datetime(y, m, d, h, mi, s)
elif field_type == 'blob' and blob_decode:
colset[fieldname] = base64.b64decode(str(value))
elif field_type.startswith('decimal'):
decimals = int(field_type[8:-1].split(',')[-1])
if self.dbengine == 'sqlite':
value = ('%.' + str(decimals) + 'f') % value
if not isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
value = decimal.Decimal(str(value))
colset[fieldname] = value
elif field_type.startswith('list:integer'):
if not self.dbengine=='google:datastore':
colset[fieldname] = bar_decode_integer(value)
else:
colset[fieldname] = value
elif field_type.startswith('list:reference'):
if not self.dbengine=='google:datastore':
colset[fieldname] = bar_decode_integer(value)
else:
colset[fieldname] = value
elif field_type.startswith('list:string'):
if not self.dbengine=='google:datastore':
colset[fieldname] = bar_decode_string(value)
else:
colset[fieldname] = value
else:
colset[fieldname] = value
if field_type == 'id':
id = colset[field.name]
colset.update_record = lambda _ = (colset, table, id), **a: update_record(_, a)
colset.delete_record = lambda t = table, i = id: t._db(t._id==i).delete()
for (referee_table, referee_name) in \
table._referenced_by:
s = db[referee_table][referee_name]
referee_link = db._referee_name and \
db._referee_name % dict(table=referee_table,field=referee_name)
if referee_link and not referee_link in colset:
colset[referee_link] = Set(db, s == id)
colset['id'] = id
new_rows.append(new_row)
rowsobj = Rows(db, new_rows, colnames, rawrows=rows)
for tablename in virtualtables:
### new style virtual fields
table = db[tablename]
fields_virtual = [(f,v) for (f,v) in table.items() if isinstance(v,FieldVirtual)]
fields_lazy = [(f,v) for (f,v) in table.items() if isinstance(v,FieldLazy)]
if fields_virtual or fields_lazy:
for row in rowsobj.records:
box = row[tablename]
for f,v in fields_virtual:
box[f] = v.f(row)
for f,v in fields_lazy:
box[f] = (v.handler or VirtualCommand)(v.f,row)
### old style virtual fields
for item in table.virtualfields:
try:
rowsobj = rowsobj.setvirtualfields(**{tablename:item})
except KeyError:
# to avoid breaking virtualfields when partial select
pass
return rowsobj
def filter_tenant(self,query,tablenames):
fieldname = self.db._request_tenant
for tablename in tablenames:
table = self.db[tablename]
if fieldname in table:
default = table[fieldname].default
if not default is None:
newquery = table[fieldname]==default
if query is None:
query = newquery
else:
query = query&newquery
return query
###################################################################################
# List of all the available adapters, they all extend BaseAdapter
###################################################################################
class SQLiteAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('sqlite3',None)
def EXTRACT(self,field,what):
return "web2py_extract('%s',%s)" % (what,self.expand(field))
@staticmethod
def web2py_extract(lookup, s):
table = {
'year': (0, 4),
'month': (5, 7),
'day': (8, 10),
'hour': (11, 13),
'minute': (14, 16),
'second': (17, 19),
}
try:
(i, j) = table[lookup]
return int(s[i:j])
except:
return None
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "sqlite"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
path_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'utf8'
if uri.startswith('sqlite:memory'):
dbpath = ':memory:'
else:
dbpath = uri.split('://')[1]
if dbpath[0] != '/':
dbpath = os.path.join(self.folder.decode(path_encoding).encode('utf8'),dbpath)
if not 'check_same_thread' in driver_args:
driver_args['check_same_thread'] = False
if not 'detect_types' in driver_args:
driver_args['detect_types'] = self.driver.PARSE_DECLTYPES
def connect(dbpath=dbpath, driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.Connection(dbpath, **driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
self.connection.create_function('web2py_extract', 2, SQLiteAdapter.web2py_extract)
def _truncate(self,table,mode = ''):
tablename = table._tablename
return ['DELETE FROM %s;' % tablename,
"DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name='%s';" % tablename]
def lastrowid(self,table):
return self.cursor.lastrowid
class JDBCSQLiteAdapter(SQLiteAdapter):
driver = globals().get('zxJDBC',None)
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "sqlite"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
path_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'utf8'
if uri.startswith('sqlite:memory'):
dbpath = ':memory:'
else:
dbpath = uri.split('://')[1]
if dbpath[0] != '/':
dbpath = os.path.join(self.folder.decode(path_encoding).encode('utf8'),dbpath)
def connect(dbpath=dbpath,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection('jdbc:sqlite:'+dbpath),**driver_args)
# FIXME http://www.zentus.com/sqlitejdbc/custom_functions.html for UDFs
# self.connection.create_function('web2py_extract', 2, SQLiteAdapter.web2py_extract)
def execute(self,a):
return self.log_execute(a)
class MySQLAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('pymysql',None)
maxcharlength = 255
commit_on_alter_table = True
support_distributed_transaction = True
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'LONGTEXT',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'LONGBLOB',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'DOUBLE',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'DATETIME',
'id': 'INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL',
'reference': 'INT, INDEX %(field_name)s__idx (%(field_name)s), FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'LONGTEXT',
'list:string': 'LONGTEXT',
'list:reference': 'LONGTEXT',
}
def RANDOM(self):
return 'RAND()'
def SUBSTRING(self,field,parameters):
return 'SUBSTRING(%s,%s,%s)' % (self.expand(field), parameters[0], parameters[1])
def _drop(self,table,mode):
# breaks db integrity but without this mysql does not drop table
return ['SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;','DROP TABLE %s;' % table,'SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;']
def distributed_transaction_begin(self,key):
self.execute('XA START;')
def prepare(self,key):
self.execute("XA END;")
self.execute("XA PREPARE;")
def commit_prepared(self,ley):
self.execute("XA COMMIT;")
def rollback_prepared(self,key):
self.execute("XA ROLLBACK;")
def concat_add(self,table):
return '; ALTER TABLE %s ADD ' % table
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "mysql"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>[^?]+)(\?set_encoding=(?P<charset>\w+))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, \
"Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % self.uri
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
port = int(m.group('port') or '3306')
charset = m.group('charset') or 'utf8'
driver_args.update(dict(db=db,
user=credential_decoder(user),
passwd=credential_decoder(password),
host=host,
port=port,
charset=charset))
def connect(driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
self.execute('SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;')
self.execute("SET sql_mode='NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES';")
def lastrowid(self,table):
self.execute('select last_insert_id();')
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
class PostgreSQLAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('psycopg2',None)
support_distributed_transaction = True
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'TEXT',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'BYTEA',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INTEGER',
'double': 'FLOAT8',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP',
'id': 'SERIAL PRIMARY KEY',
'reference': 'INTEGER REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'TEXT',
'list:string': 'TEXT',
'list:reference': 'TEXT',
}
def adapt(self,obj):
return psycopg2_adapt(obj).getquoted()
def sequence_name(self,table):
return '%s_id_Seq' % table
def RANDOM(self):
return 'RANDOM()'
def distributed_transaction_begin(self,key):
return
def prepare(self,key):
self.execute("PREPARE TRANSACTION '%s';" % key)
def commit_prepared(self,key):
self.execute("COMMIT PREPARED '%s';" % key)
def rollback_prepared(self,key):
self.execute("ROLLBACK PREPARED '%s';" % key)
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args):
# following lines should only be executed if table._sequence_name does not exist
# self.execute('CREATE SEQUENCE %s;' % table._sequence_name)
# self.execute("ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s SET DEFAULT NEXTVAL('%s');" \
# % (table._tablename, table._fieldname, table._sequence_name))
self.execute(query)
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "postgres"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:@/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>[^\?]+)(\?sslmode=(?P<sslmode>.+))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, "Invalid URI string in DAL"
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
port = m.group('port') or '5432'
sslmode = m.group('sslmode')
if sslmode:
msg = ("dbname='%s' user='%s' host='%s'"
"port=%s password='%s' sslmode='%s'") \
% (db, user, host, port, password, sslmode)
else:
msg = ("dbname='%s' user='%s' host='%s'"
"port=%s password='%s'") \
% (db, user, host, port, password)
def connect(msg=msg,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(msg,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
self.connection.set_client_encoding('UTF8')
self.execute("SET standard_conforming_strings=on;")
def lastrowid(self,table):
self.execute("select currval('%s')" % table._sequence_name)
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
def LIKE(self,first,second):
return '(%s ILIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,'string'))
def STARTSWITH(self,first,second):
return '(%s ILIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second+'%','string'))
def ENDSWITH(self,first,second):
return '(%s ILIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand('%'+second,'string'))
def CONTAINS(self,first,second):
if first.type in ('string','text'):
key = '%'+str(second).replace('%','%%')+'%'
elif first.type.startswith('list:'):
key = '%|'+str(second).replace('|','||').replace('%','%%')+'|%'
return '(%s ILIKE %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(key,'string'))
class JDBCPostgreSQLAdapter(PostgreSQLAdapter):
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "postgres"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>.+)$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, "Invalid URI string in DAL"
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
port = m.group('port') or '5432'
msg = ('jdbc:postgresql://%s:%s/%s' % (host, port, db), user, password)
def connect(msg=msg,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(*msg,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
self.connection.set_client_encoding('UTF8')
self.execute('BEGIN;')
self.execute("SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'UNICODE';")
class OracleAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('cx_Oracle',None)
commit_on_alter_table = False
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR2(%(length)s)',
'text': 'CLOB',
'password': 'VARCHAR2(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'CLOB',
'upload': 'VARCHAR2(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'FLOAT',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'CHAR(8)',
'datetime': 'DATE',
'id': 'NUMBER PRIMARY KEY',
'reference': 'NUMBER, CONSTRAINT %(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'CLOB',
'list:string': 'CLOB',
'list:reference': 'CLOB',
}
def sequence_name(self,tablename):
return '%s_sequence' % tablename
def trigger_name(self,tablename):
return '%s_trigger' % tablename
def LEFT_JOIN(self):
return 'LEFT OUTER JOIN'
def RANDOM(self):
return 'dbms_random.value'
def NOT_NULL(self,default,field_type):
return 'DEFAULT %s NOT NULL' % self.represent(default,field_type)
def _drop(self,table,mode):
sequence_name = table._sequence_name
return ['DROP TABLE %s %s;' % (table, mode), 'DROP SEQUENCE %s;' % sequence_name]
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
if len(sql_w) > 1:
sql_w_row = sql_w + ' AND w_row > %i' % lmin
else:
sql_w_row = 'WHERE w_row > %i' % lmin
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM (SELECT w_tmp.*, ROWNUM w_row FROM (SELECT %s FROM %s%s%s) w_tmp WHERE ROWNUM<=%i) %s %s %s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, lmax, sql_t, sql_w_row, sql_o)
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def constraint_name(self, tablename, fieldname):
constraint_name = BaseAdapter.constraint_name(self, tablename, fieldname)
if len(constraint_name)>30:
constraint_name = '%s_%s__constraint' % (tablename[:10], fieldname[:7])
return constraint_name
def represent_exceptions(self, obj, fieldtype):
if fieldtype == 'blob':
obj = base64.b64encode(str(obj))
return ":CLOB('%s')" % obj
elif fieldtype == 'date':
if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]
else:
obj = str(obj)
return "to_date('%s','yyyy-mm-dd')" % obj
elif fieldtype == 'datetime':
if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:19].replace('T',' ')
elif isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]+' 00:00:00'
else:
obj = str(obj)
return "to_date('%s','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')" % obj
return None
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "oracle"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
if not 'threaded' in driver_args:
driver_args['threaded']=True
def connect(uri=uri,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(uri,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
self.execute("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';")
self.execute("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';")
oracle_fix = re.compile("[^']*('[^']*'[^']*)*\:(?P<clob>CLOB\('([^']+|'')*'\))")
def execute(self, command):
args = []
i = 1
while True:
m = self.oracle_fix.match(command)
if not m:
break
command = command[:m.start('clob')] + str(i) + command[m.end('clob'):]
args.append(m.group('clob')[6:-2].replace("''", "'"))
i += 1
if command[-1:]==';':
command = command[:-1]
return self.log_execute(command, args)
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args):
tablename = table._tablename
sequence_name = table._sequence_name
trigger_name = table._trigger_name
self.execute(query)
self.execute('CREATE SEQUENCE %s START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE;' % sequence_name)
self.execute('CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER %s BEFORE INSERT ON %s FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT %s.nextval INTO :NEW.id FROM DUAL; END;\n' % (trigger_name, tablename, sequence_name))
def lastrowid(self,table):
sequence_name = table._sequence_name
self.execute('SELECT %s.currval FROM dual;' % sequence_name)
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
class MSSQLAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('pyodbc',None)
types = {
'boolean': 'BIT',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'TEXT',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'IMAGE',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'FLOAT',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATETIME',
'time': 'CHAR(8)',
'datetime': 'DATETIME',
'id': 'INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY',
'reference': 'INT NULL, CONSTRAINT %(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': ', CONSTRAINT FK_%(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference TFK': ' CONSTRAINT FK_%(foreign_table)s_PK FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'TEXT',
'list:string': 'TEXT',
'list:reference': 'TEXT',
}
def EXTRACT(self,field,what):
return "DATEPART(%s,%s)" % (what, self.expand(field))
def LEFT_JOIN(self):
return 'LEFT OUTER JOIN'
def RANDOM(self):
return 'NEWID()'
def ALLOW_NULL(self):
return ' NULL'
def SUBSTRING(self,field,parameters):
return 'SUBSTRING(%s,%s,%s)' % (self.expand(field), parameters[0], parameters[1])
def PRIMARY_KEY(self,key):
return 'PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (%s)' % key
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
sql_s += ' TOP %i' % lmax
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def represent_exceptions(self, obj, fieldtype):
if fieldtype == 'boolean':
if obj and not str(obj)[0].upper() == 'F':
return '1'
else:
return '0'
return None
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}, fake_connect=False):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "mssql"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
# ## read: http://bytes.com/groups/python/460325-cx_oracle-utf8
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
if '@' not in uri:
try:
m = re.compile('^(?P<dsn>.+)$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, \
'Parsing uri string(%s) has no result' % self.uri
dsn = m.group('dsn')
if not dsn:
raise SyntaxError, 'DSN required'
except SyntaxError, e:
logger.error('NdGpatch error')
raise e
cnxn = 'DSN=%s' % dsn
else:
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>[^\?]+)(\?(?P<urlargs>.*))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, \
"Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % uri
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
port = m.group('port') or '1433'
# Parse the optional url name-value arg pairs after the '?'
# (in the form of arg1=value1&arg2=value2&...)
# Default values (drivers like FreeTDS insist on uppercase parameter keys)
argsdict = { 'DRIVER':'{SQL Server}' }
urlargs = m.group('urlargs') or ''
argpattern = re.compile('(?P<argkey>[^=]+)=(?P<argvalue>[^&]*)')
for argmatch in argpattern.finditer(urlargs):
argsdict[str(argmatch.group('argkey')).upper()] = argmatch.group('argvalue')
urlargs = ';'.join(['%s=%s' % (ak, av) for (ak, av) in argsdict.items()])
cnxn = 'SERVER=%s;PORT=%s;DATABASE=%s;UID=%s;PWD=%s;%s' \
% (host, port, db, user, password, urlargs)
def connect(cnxn=cnxn,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(cnxn,**driver_args)
if not fake_connect:
self.pool_connection(connect)
def lastrowid(self,table):
#self.execute('SELECT @@IDENTITY;')
self.execute('SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY();')
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
def integrity_error_class(self):
return pyodbc.IntegrityError
def rowslice(self,rows,minimum=0,maximum=None):
if maximum is None:
return rows[minimum:]
return rows[minimum:maximum]
class MSSQL2Adapter(MSSQLAdapter):
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'NVARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'NTEXT',
'password': 'NVARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'IMAGE',
'upload': 'NVARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'FLOAT',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATETIME',
'time': 'CHAR(8)',
'datetime': 'DATETIME',
'id': 'INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY',
'reference': 'INT, CONSTRAINT %(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': ', CONSTRAINT FK_%(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference TFK': ' CONSTRAINT FK_%(foreign_table)s_PK FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'NTEXT',
'list:string': 'NTEXT',
'list:reference': 'NTEXT',
}
def represent(self, obj, fieldtype):
value = BaseAdapter.represent(self, obj, fieldtype)
if (fieldtype == 'string' or fieldtype == 'text') and value[:1]=="'":
value = 'N'+value
return value
def execute(self,a):
return self.log_execute(a.decode('utf8'))
class FireBirdAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('pyodbc',None)
commit_on_alter_table = False
support_distributed_transaction = True
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 0',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INTEGER',
'double': 'DOUBLE PRECISION',
'decimal': 'DECIMAL(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP',
'id': 'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY',
'reference': 'INTEGER REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
'list:string': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
'list:reference': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
}
def sequence_name(self,tablename):
return 'genid_%s' % tablename
def trigger_name(self,tablename):
return 'trg_id_%s' % tablename
def RANDOM(self):
return 'RAND()'
def NOT_NULL(self,default,field_type):
return 'DEFAULT %s NOT NULL' % self.represent(default,field_type)
def SUBSTRING(self,field,parameters):
return 'SUBSTRING(%s from %s for %s)' % (self.expand(field), parameters[0], parameters[1])
def _drop(self,table,mode):
sequence_name = table._sequence_name
return ['DROP TABLE %s %s;' % (table, mode), 'DROP GENERATOR %s;' % sequence_name]
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
sql_s += ' FIRST %i SKIP %i' % (lmax - lmin, lmin)
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def _truncate(self,table,mode = ''):
return ['DELETE FROM %s;' % table._tablename,
'SET GENERATOR %s TO 0;' % table._sequence_name]
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "firebird"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>.+?)(\?set_encoding=(?P<charset>\w+))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, "Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % uri
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
port = int(m.group('port') or 3050)
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
charset = m.group('charset') or 'UTF8'
driver_args.update(dict(dsn='%s/%s:%s' % (host,port,db),
user = credential_decoder(user),
password = credential_decoder(password),
charset = charset))
if adapter_args.has_key('driver_name'):
if adapter_args['driver_name'] == 'kinterbasdb':
self.driver = kinterbasdb
elif adapter_args['driver_name'] == 'firebirdsql':
self.driver = firebirdsql
else:
self.driver = kinterbasdb
def connect(driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args):
tablename = table._tablename
sequence_name = table._sequence_name
trigger_name = table._trigger_name
self.execute(query)
self.execute('create generator %s;' % sequence_name)
self.execute('set generator %s to 0;' % sequence_name)
self.execute('create trigger %s for %s active before insert position 0 as\nbegin\nif(new.id is null) then\nbegin\nnew.id = gen_id(%s, 1);\nend\nend;' % (trigger_name, tablename, sequence_name))
def lastrowid(self,table):
sequence_name = table._sequence_name
self.execute('SELECT gen_id(%s, 0) FROM rdb$database' % sequence_name)
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
class FireBirdEmbeddedAdapter(FireBirdAdapter):
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "firebird"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<path>[^\?]+)(\?set_encoding=(?P<charset>\w+))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, \
"Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % self.uri
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
pathdb = m.group('path')
if not pathdb:
raise SyntaxError, 'Path required'
charset = m.group('charset')
if not charset:
charset = 'UTF8'
host = ''
driver_args.update(dict(host=host,
database=pathdb,
user=credential_decoder(user),
password=credential_decoder(password),
charset=charset))
#def connect(driver_args=driver_args):
# return kinterbasdb.connect(**driver_args)
if adapter_args.has_key('driver_name'):
if adapter_args['driver_name'] == 'kinterbasdb':
self.driver = kinterbasdb
elif adapter_args['driver_name'] == 'firebirdsql':
self.driver = firebirdsql
else:
self.driver = kinterbasdb
def connect(driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
class InformixAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('informixdb',None)
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 0',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INTEGER',
'double': 'FLOAT',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'CHAR(8)',
'datetime': 'DATETIME',
'id': 'SERIAL',
'reference': 'INTEGER REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': 'REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s CONSTRAINT FK_%(table_name)s_%(field_name)s',
'reference TFK': 'FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s CONSTRAINT TFK_%(table_name)s_%(field_name)s',
'list:integer': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
'list:string': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
'list:reference': 'BLOB SUB_TYPE 1',
}
def RANDOM(self):
return 'Random()'
def NOT_NULL(self,default,field_type):
return 'DEFAULT %s NOT NULL' % self.represent(default,field_type)
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
fetch_amt = lmax - lmin
dbms_version = int(self.connection.dbms_version.split('.')[0])
if lmin and (dbms_version >= 10):
# Requires Informix 10.0+
sql_s += ' SKIP %d' % (lmin, )
if fetch_amt and (dbms_version >= 9):
# Requires Informix 9.0+
sql_s += ' FIRST %d' % (fetch_amt, )
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def represent_exceptions(self, obj, fieldtype):
if fieldtype == 'date':
if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]
else:
obj = str(obj)
return "to_date('%s','yyyy-mm-dd')" % obj
elif fieldtype == 'datetime':
if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:19].replace('T',' ')
elif isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]+' 00:00:00'
else:
obj = str(obj)
return "to_date('%s','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')" % obj
return None
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "informix"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>.+)$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, \
"Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % self.uri
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
user = credential_decoder(user)
password = credential_decoder(password)
dsn = '%s@%s' % (db,host)
driver_args.update(dict(user=user,password=password,autocommit=True))
def connect(dsn=dsn,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(dsn,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
def execute(self,command):
if command[-1:]==';':
command = command[:-1]
return self.log_execute(command)
def lastrowid(self,table):
return self.cursor.sqlerrd[1]
def integrity_error_class(self):
return informixdb.IntegrityError
class DB2Adapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('pyodbc',None)
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'CLOB',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'BLOB',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'DOUBLE',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP',
'id': 'INTEGER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL',
'reference': 'INT, FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': ', CONSTRAINT FK_%(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference TFK': ' CONSTRAINT FK_%(foreign_table)s_PK FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'CLOB',
'list:string': 'CLOB',
'list:reference': 'CLOB',
}
def LEFT_JOIN(self):
return 'LEFT OUTER JOIN'
def RANDOM(self):
return 'RAND()'
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
sql_o += ' FETCH FIRST %i ROWS ONLY' % lmax
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def represent_exceptions(self, obj, fieldtype):
if fieldtype == 'blob':
obj = base64.b64encode(str(obj))
return "BLOB('%s')" % obj
elif fieldtype == 'datetime':
if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:19].replace('T','-').replace(':','.')
elif isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
obj = obj.isoformat()[:10]+'-00.00.00'
return "'%s'" % obj
return None
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "db2"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
cnxn = uri.split('://', 1)[1]
def connect(cnxn=cnxn,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(cnxn,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
def execute(self,command):
if command[-1:]==';':
command = command[:-1]
return self.log_execute(command)
def lastrowid(self,table):
self.execute('SELECT DISTINCT IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL() FROM %s;' % table)
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
def rowslice(self,rows,minimum=0,maximum=None):
if maximum is None:
return rows[minimum:]
return rows[minimum:maximum]
class TeradataAdapter(DB2Adapter):
driver = globals().get('pyodbc',None)
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'CLOB',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'BLOB',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'DOUBLE',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP',
'id': 'INTEGER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL',
'reference': 'INT, FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': ', CONSTRAINT FK_%(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference TFK': ' CONSTRAINT FK_%(foreign_table)s_PK FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'CLOB',
'list:string': 'CLOB',
'list:reference': 'CLOB',
}
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "teradata"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
cnxn = uri.split('://', 1)[1]
def connect(cnxn=cnxn,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(cnxn,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
INGRES_SEQNAME='ii***lineitemsequence' # NOTE invalid database object name
# (ANSI-SQL wants this form of name
# to be a delimited identifier)
class IngresAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('ingresdbi',None)
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'CLOB',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)', ## Not sure what this contains utf8 or nvarchar. Or even bytes?
'blob': 'BLOB',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)', ## FIXME utf8 or nvarchar... or blob? what is this type?
'integer': 'INTEGER4', # or int8...
'double': 'FLOAT8',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'ANSIDATE',
'time': 'TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE',
'id': 'integer4 not null unique with default next value for %s' % INGRES_SEQNAME,
'reference': 'integer4, FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': ', CONSTRAINT FK_%(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference TFK': ' CONSTRAINT FK_%(foreign_table)s_PK FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s', ## FIXME TODO
'list:integer': 'CLOB',
'list:string': 'CLOB',
'list:reference': 'CLOB',
}
def LEFT_JOIN(self):
return 'LEFT OUTER JOIN'
def RANDOM(self):
return 'RANDOM()'
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
fetch_amt = lmax - lmin
if fetch_amt:
sql_s += ' FIRST %d ' % (fetch_amt, )
if lmin:
# Requires Ingres 9.2+
sql_o += ' OFFSET %d' % (lmin, )
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "ingres"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
connstr = self._uri.split(':', 1)[1]
# Simple URI processing
connstr = connstr.lstrip()
while connstr.startswith('/'):
connstr = connstr[1:]
database_name=connstr # Assume only (local) dbname is passed in
vnode = '(local)'
servertype = 'ingres'
trace = (0, None) # No tracing
driver_args.update(dict(database=database_name,
vnode=vnode,
servertype=servertype,
trace=trace))
def connect(driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args):
# post create table auto inc code (if needed)
# modify table to btree for performance....
# Older Ingres releases could use rule/trigger like Oracle above.
if hasattr(table,'_primarykey'):
modify_tbl_sql = 'modify %s to btree unique on %s' % \
(table._tablename,
', '.join(["'%s'" % x for x in table.primarykey]))
self.execute(modify_tbl_sql)
else:
tmp_seqname='%s_iisq' % table._tablename
query=query.replace(INGRES_SEQNAME, tmp_seqname)
self.execute('create sequence %s' % tmp_seqname)
self.execute(query)
self.execute('modify %s to btree unique on %s' % (table._tablename, 'id'))
def lastrowid(self,table):
tmp_seqname='%s_iisq' % table
self.execute('select current value for %s' % tmp_seqname)
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0]) # don't really need int type cast here...
def integrity_error_class(self):
return ingresdbi.IntegrityError
class IngresUnicodeAdapter(IngresAdapter):
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'NVARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'NCLOB',
'password': 'NVARCHAR(%(length)s)', ## Not sure what this contains utf8 or nvarchar. Or even bytes?
'blob': 'BLOB',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)', ## FIXME utf8 or nvarchar... or blob? what is this type?
'integer': 'INTEGER4', # or int8...
'double': 'FLOAT8',
'decimal': 'NUMERIC(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'ANSIDATE',
'time': 'TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE',
'id': 'integer4 not null unique with default next value for %s'% INGRES_SEQNAME,
'reference': 'integer4, FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference FK': ', CONSTRAINT FK_%(constraint_name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'reference TFK': ' CONSTRAINT FK_%(foreign_table)s_PK FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_table)s (%(foreign_key)s) ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s', ## FIXME TODO
'list:integer': 'NCLOB',
'list:string': 'NCLOB',
'list:reference': 'NCLOB',
}
class SAPDBAdapter(BaseAdapter):
driver = globals().get('sapdb',None)
support_distributed_transaction = False
types = {
'boolean': 'CHAR(1)',
'string': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'text': 'LONG',
'password': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'blob': 'LONG',
'upload': 'VARCHAR(%(length)s)',
'integer': 'INT',
'double': 'FLOAT',
'decimal': 'FIXED(%(precision)s,%(scale)s)',
'date': 'DATE',
'time': 'TIME',
'datetime': 'TIMESTAMP',
'id': 'INT PRIMARY KEY',
'reference': 'INT, FOREIGN KEY (%(field_name)s) REFERENCES %(foreign_key)s ON DELETE %(on_delete_action)s',
'list:integer': 'LONG',
'list:string': 'LONG',
'list:reference': 'LONG',
}
def sequence_name(self,table):
return '%s_id_Seq' % table
def select_limitby(self, sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, limitby):
if limitby:
(lmin, lmax) = limitby
if len(sql_w) > 1:
sql_w_row = sql_w + ' AND w_row > %i' % lmin
else:
sql_w_row = 'WHERE w_row > %i' % lmin
return '%s %s FROM (SELECT w_tmp.*, ROWNO w_row FROM (SELECT %s FROM %s%s%s) w_tmp WHERE ROWNO=%i) %s %s %s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o, lmax, sql_t, sql_w_row, sql_o)
return 'SELECT %s %s FROM %s%s%s;' % (sql_s, sql_f, sql_t, sql_w, sql_o)
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args):
# following lines should only be executed if table._sequence_name does not exist
self.execute('CREATE SEQUENCE %s;' % table._sequence_name)
self.execute("ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s SET DEFAULT NEXTVAL('%s');" \
% (table._tablename, table._id.name, table._sequence_name))
self.execute(query)
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "sapdb"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:@/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>[^\?]+)(\?sslmode=(?P<sslmode>.+))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, "Invalid URI string in DAL"
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
def connect(user=user,password=password,database=db,
host=host,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.Connection(user,password,database,
host,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
def lastrowid(self,table):
self.execute("select %s.NEXTVAL from dual" % table._sequence_name)
return int(self.cursor.fetchone()[0])
class CubridAdapter(MySQLAdapter):
driver = globals().get('cubriddb',None)
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "cubrid"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.find_or_make_work_folder()
uri = uri.split('://')[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<user>[^:@]+)(\:(?P<password>[^@]*))?@(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>[^?]+)(\?set_encoding=(?P<charset>\w+))?$').match(uri)
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, \
"Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % self.uri
user = credential_decoder(m.group('user'))
if not user:
raise SyntaxError, 'User required'
password = credential_decoder(m.group('password'))
if not password:
password = ''
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'Host name required'
db = m.group('db')
if not db:
raise SyntaxError, 'Database name required'
port = int(m.group('port') or '30000')
charset = m.group('charset') or 'utf8'
user=credential_decoder(user),
passwd=credential_decoder(password),
def connect(host,port,db,user,passwd,driver_args=driver_args):
return self.driver.connect(host,port,db,user,passwd,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
self.execute('SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;')
self.execute("SET sql_mode='NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES';")
######## GAE MySQL ##########
class DatabaseStoredFile:
web2py_filesystem = False
def escape(self,obj):
return self.db._adapter.esacpe(obj)
def __init__(self,db,filename,mode):
if db._adapter.dbengine != 'mysql':
raise RuntimeError, "only MySQL can store metadata .table files in database for now"
self.db = db
self.filename = filename
self.mode = mode
if not self.web2py_filesystem:
self.db.executesql("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS web2py_filesystem (path VARCHAR(512), content LONGTEXT, PRIMARY KEY(path) ) ENGINE=InnoDB;")
DatabaseStoredFile.web2py_filesystem = True
self.p=0
self.data = ''
if mode in ('r','rw','a'):
query = "SELECT content FROM web2py_filesystem WHERE path='%s'" \
% filename
rows = self.db.executesql(query)
if rows:
self.data = rows[0][0]
elif os.path.exists(filename):
datafile = open(filename, 'r')
try:
self.data = datafile.read()
finally:
datafile.close()
elif mode in ('r','rw'):
raise RuntimeError, "File %s does not exist" % filename
def read(self, bytes):
data = self.data[self.p:self.p+bytes]
self.p += len(data)
return data
def readline(self):
i = self.data.find('\n',self.p)+1
if i>0:
data, self.p = self.data[self.p:i], i
else:
data, self.p = self.data[self.p:], len(self.data)
return data
def write(self,data):
self.data += data
def close(self):
self.db.executesql("DELETE FROM web2py_filesystem WHERE path=%s" \
% self.adapt(self.filename))
query = "INSERT INTO web2py_filesystem(path,content) VALUES (%s,%s)"\
% (self.adapt(self.filename), self.adapt(self.data))
self.db.executesql(query)
self.db.commit()
@staticmethod
def exists(db,filename):
if os.path.exists(filename):
return True
query = "SELECT path FROM web2py_filesystem WHERE path=%s" \
% self.adapt(filename)
if db.executesql(query):
return True
return False
class UseDatabaseStoredFile:
def file_exists(self, filename):
return DatabaseStoredFile.exists(self.db,filename)
def file_open(self, filename, mode='rb', lock=True):
return DatabaseStoredFile(self.db,filename,mode)
def file_close(self, fileobj, unlock=True):
fileobj.close()
def file_delete(self,filename):
query = "DELETE FROM web2py_filesystem WHERE path='%s'" % filename
self.db.executesql(query)
self.db.commit()
class GoogleSQLAdapter(UseDatabaseStoredFile,MySQLAdapter):
def __init__(self, db, uri='google:sql://realm:domain/database',
pool_size=0, folder=None, db_codec='UTF-8',
credential_decoder = lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.dbengine = "mysql"
self.uri = uri
self.pool_size = pool_size
self.folder = folder
self.db_codec = db_codec
self.folder = folder or '$HOME/'+thread.folder.split('/applications/',1)[1]
m = re.compile('^(?P<instance>.*)/(?P<db>.*)$').match(self.uri[len('google:sql://'):])
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, "Invalid URI string in SQLDB: %s" % self._uri
instance = credential_decoder(m.group('instance'))
db = credential_decoder(m.group('db'))
driver_args['instance'] = instance
createdb = adapter_args.get('createdb',True)
if not createdb:
driver_args['database'] = db
def connect(driver_args=driver_args):
return rdbms.connect(**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect)
if createdb:
# self.execute('DROP DATABASE %s' % db)
self.execute('CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS %s' % db)
self.execute('USE %s' % db)
self.execute("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;")
self.execute("SET sql_mode='NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES';")
class NoSQLAdapter(BaseAdapter):
@staticmethod
def to_unicode(obj):
if isinstance(obj, str):
return obj.decode('utf8')
elif not isinstance(obj, unicode):
return unicode(obj)
return obj
def represent(self, obj, fieldtype):
if isinstance(obj,CALLABLETYPES):
obj = obj()
if isinstance(fieldtype, SQLCustomType):
return fieldtype.encoder(obj)
if isinstance(obj, (Expression, Field)):
raise SyntaxError, "non supported on GAE"
if self.dbengine=='google:datastore' in globals():
if isinstance(fieldtype, gae.Property):
return obj
if fieldtype.startswith('list:'):
if not obj:
obj = []
if not isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
obj = [obj]
if obj == '' and not fieldtype[:2] in ['st','te','pa','up']:
return None
if not obj is None:
if isinstance(obj, list) and not fieldtype.startswith('list'):
obj = [self.represent(o, fieldtype) for o in obj]
elif fieldtype in ('integer','id'):
obj = long(obj)
elif fieldtype == 'double':
obj = float(obj)
elif fieldtype.startswith('reference'):
if isinstance(obj, (Row, Reference)):
obj = obj['id']
obj = long(obj)
elif fieldtype == 'boolean':
if obj and not str(obj)[0].upper() == 'F':
obj = True
else:
obj = False
elif fieldtype == 'date':
if not isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
(y, m, d) = map(int,str(obj).strip().split('-'))
obj = datetime.date(y, m, d)
elif isinstance(obj,datetime.datetime):
(y, m, d) = (obj.year, obj.month, obj.day)
obj = datetime.date(y, m, d)
elif fieldtype == 'time':
if not isinstance(obj, datetime.time):
time_items = map(int,str(obj).strip().split(':')[:3])
if len(time_items) == 3:
(h, mi, s) = time_items
else:
(h, mi, s) = time_items + [0]
obj = datetime.time(h, mi, s)
elif fieldtype == 'datetime':
if not isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
(y, m, d) = map(int,str(obj)[:10].strip().split('-'))
time_items = map(int,str(obj)[11:].strip().split(':')[:3])
while len(time_items)<3:
time_items.append(0)
(h, mi, s) = time_items
obj = datetime.datetime(y, m, d, h, mi, s)
elif fieldtype == 'blob':
pass
elif fieldtype.startswith('list:string'):
return map(self.to_unicode,obj)
elif fieldtype.startswith('list:'):
return map(int,obj)
else:
obj = self.to_unicode(obj)
return obj
def _insert(self,table,fields):
return 'insert %s in %s' % (fields, table)
def _count(self,query,distinct=None):
return 'count %s' % repr(query)
def _select(self,query,fields,attributes):
return 'select %s where %s' % (repr(fields), repr(query))
def _delete(self,tablename, query):
return 'delete %s where %s' % (repr(tablename),repr(query))
def _update(self,tablename,query,fields):
return 'update %s (%s) where %s' % (repr(tablename),
repr(fields),repr(query))
def commit(self):
"""
remember: no transactions on many NoSQL
"""
pass
def rollback(self):
"""
remember: no transactions on many NoSQL
"""
pass
def close(self):
"""
remember: no transactions on many NoSQL
"""
pass
# these functions should never be called!
def OR(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def AND(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def AS(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def ON(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def STARTSWITH(self,first,second=None): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def ENDSWITH(self,first,second=None): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def ADD(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def SUB(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def MUL(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def DIV(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def LOWER(self,first): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def UPPER(self,first): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def EXTRACT(self,first,what): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def AGGREGATE(self,first,what): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def LEFT_JOIN(self): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def RANDOM(self): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def SUBSTRING(self,field,parameters): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def PRIMARY_KEY(self,key): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def LIKE(self,first,second): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def drop(self,table,mode): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def alias(self,table,alias): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def migrate_table(self,*a,**b): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def distributed_transaction_begin(self,key): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def prepare(self,key): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def commit_prepared(self,key): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def rollback_prepared(self,key): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def concat_add(self,table): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def constraint_name(self, table, fieldname): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def create_sequence_and_triggers(self, query, table, **args): pass
def log_execute(self,*a,**b): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def execute(self,*a,**b): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def represent_exceptions(self, obj, fieldtype): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def lastrowid(self,table): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def integrity_error_class(self): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
def rowslice(self,rows,minimum=0,maximum=None): raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
class GAEF(object):
def __init__(self,name,op,value,apply):
self.name=name=='id' and '__key__' or name
self.op=op
self.value=value
self.apply=apply
def __repr__(self):
return '(%s %s %s:%s)' % (self.name, self.op, repr(self.value), type(self.value))
class GoogleDatastoreAdapter(NoSQLAdapter):
uploads_in_blob = True
types = {}
def file_exists(self, filename): pass
def file_open(self, filename, mode='rb', lock=True): pass
def file_close(self, fileobj, unlock=True): pass
def __init__(self,db,uri,pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.types.update({
'boolean': gae.BooleanProperty,
'string': (lambda: gae.StringProperty(multiline=True)),
'text': gae.TextProperty,
'password': gae.StringProperty,
'blob': gae.BlobProperty,
'upload': gae.StringProperty,
'integer': gae.IntegerProperty,
'double': gae.FloatProperty,
'decimal': GAEDecimalProperty,
'date': gae.DateProperty,
'time': gae.TimeProperty,
'datetime': gae.DateTimeProperty,
'id': None,
'reference': gae.IntegerProperty,
'list:string': (lambda: gae.StringListProperty(default=None)),
'list:integer': (lambda: gae.ListProperty(int,default=None)),
'list:reference': (lambda: gae.ListProperty(int,default=None)),
})
self.db = db
self.uri = uri
self.dbengine = 'google:datastore'
self.folder = folder
db['_lastsql'] = ''
self.db_codec = 'UTF-8'
self.pool_size = 0
match = re.compile('.*://(?P<namespace>.+)').match(uri)
if match:
namespace_manager.set_namespace(match.group('namespace'))
def create_table(self,table,migrate=True,fake_migrate=False, polymodel=None):
myfields = {}
for k in table.fields:
if isinstance(polymodel,Table) and k in polymodel.fields():
continue
field = table[k]
attr = {}
if isinstance(field.type, SQLCustomType):
ftype = self.types[field.type.native or field.type.type](**attr)
elif isinstance(field.type, gae.Property):
ftype = field.type
elif field.type.startswith('id'):
continue
elif field.type.startswith('decimal'):
precision, scale = field.type[7:].strip('()').split(',')
precision = int(precision)
scale = int(scale)
ftype = GAEDecimalProperty(precision, scale, **attr)
elif field.type.startswith('reference'):
if field.notnull:
attr = dict(required=True)
referenced = field.type[10:].strip()
ftype = self.types[field.type[:9]](table._db[referenced])
elif field.type.startswith('list:reference'):
if field.notnull:
attr = dict(required=True)
referenced = field.type[15:].strip()
ftype = self.types[field.type[:14]](**attr)
elif field.type.startswith('list:'):
ftype = self.types[field.type](**attr)
elif not field.type in self.types\
or not self.types[field.type]:
raise SyntaxError, 'Field: unknown field type: %s' % field.type
else:
ftype = self.types[field.type](**attr)
myfields[field.name] = ftype
if not polymodel:
table._tableobj = classobj(table._tablename, (gae.Model, ), myfields)
elif polymodel==True:
table._tableobj = classobj(table._tablename, (PolyModel, ), myfields)
elif isinstance(polymodel,Table):
table._tableobj = classobj(table._tablename, (polymodel._tableobj, ), myfields)
else:
raise SyntaxError, "polymodel must be None, True, a table or a tablename"
return None
def expand(self,expression,field_type=None):
if isinstance(expression,Field):
if expression.type in ('text','blob'):
raise SyntaxError, 'AppEngine does not index by: %s' % expression.type
return expression.name
elif isinstance(expression, (Expression, Query)):
if not expression.second is None:
return expression.op(expression.first, expression.second)
elif not expression.first is None:
return expression.op(expression.first)
else:
return expression.op()
elif field_type:
return self.represent(expression,field_type)
elif isinstance(expression,(list,tuple)):
return ','.join([self.represent(item,field_type) for item in expression])
else:
return str(expression)
### TODO from gql.py Expression
def AND(self,first,second):
a = self.expand(first)
b = self.expand(second)
if b[0].name=='__key__' and a[0].name!='__key__':
return b+a
return a+b
def EQ(self,first,second=None):
if isinstance(second, Key):
return [GAEF(first.name,'=',second,lambda a,b:a==b)]
return [GAEF(first.name,'=',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a==b)]
def NE(self,first,second=None):
if first.type != 'id':
return [GAEF(first.name,'!=',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a!=b)]
else:
second = Key.from_path(first._tablename, long(second))
return [GAEF(first.name,'!=',second,lambda a,b:a!=b)]
def LT(self,first,second=None):
if first.type != 'id':
return [GAEF(first.name,'<',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a<b)]
else:
second = Key.from_path(first._tablename, long(second))
return [GAEF(first.name,'<',second,lambda a,b:a<b)]
def LE(self,first,second=None):
if first.type != 'id':
return [GAEF(first.name,'<=',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a<=b)]
else:
second = Key.from_path(first._tablename, long(second))
return [GAEF(first.name,'<=',second,lambda a,b:a<=b)]
def GT(self,first,second=None):
if first.type != 'id' or second==0 or second == '0':
return [GAEF(first.name,'>',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a>b)]
else:
second = Key.from_path(first._tablename, long(second))
return [GAEF(first.name,'>',second,lambda a,b:a>b)]
def GE(self,first,second=None):
if first.type != 'id':
return [GAEF(first.name,'>=',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a>=b)]
else:
second = Key.from_path(first._tablename, long(second))
return [GAEF(first.name,'>=',second,lambda a,b:a>=b)]
def INVERT(self,first):
return '-%s' % first.name
def COMMA(self,first,second):
return '%s, %s' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def BELONGS(self,first,second=None):
if not isinstance(second,(list, tuple)):
raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
if first.type != 'id':
return [GAEF(first.name,'in',self.represent(second,first.type),lambda a,b:a in b)]
else:
second = [Key.from_path(first._tablename, i) for i in second]
return [GAEF(first.name,'in',second,lambda a,b:a in b)]
def CONTAINS(self,first,second):
if not first.type.startswith('list:'):
raise SyntaxError, "Not supported"
return [GAEF(first.name,'=',self.expand(second,first.type[5:]),lambda a,b:a in b)]
def NOT(self,first):
nops = { self.EQ: self.NE,
self.NE: self.EQ,
self.LT: self.GE,
self.GT: self.LE,
self.LE: self.GT,
self.GE: self.LT}
if not isinstance(first,Query):
raise SyntaxError, "Not suported"
nop = nops.get(first.op,None)
if not nop:
raise SyntaxError, "Not suported %s" % first.op.__name__
first.op = nop
return self.expand(first)
def truncate(self,table,mode):
self.db(table._id > 0).delete()
def select_raw(self,query,fields=None,attributes=None):
fields = fields or []
attributes = attributes or {}
new_fields = []
for item in fields:
if isinstance(item,SQLALL):
new_fields += item.table
else:
new_fields.append(item)
fields = new_fields
if query:
tablename = self.get_table(query)
elif fields:
tablename = fields[0].tablename
query = fields[0].table._id>0
else:
raise SyntaxError, "Unable to determine a tablename"
query = self.filter_tenant(query,[tablename])
tableobj = self.db[tablename]._tableobj
items = tableobj.all()
filters = self.expand(query)
for filter in filters:
if filter.name=='__key__' and filter.op=='>' and filter.value==0:
continue
elif filter.name=='__key__' and filter.op=='=':
if filter.value==0:
items = []
elif isinstance(filter.value, Key):
item = tableobj.get(filter.value)
items = (item and [item]) or []
else:
item = tableobj.get_by_id(filter.value)
items = (item and [item]) or []
elif isinstance(items,list): # i.e. there is a single record!
items = [i for i in items if filter.apply(getattr(item,filter.name),
filter.value)]
else:
if filter.name=='__key__': items.order('__key__')
items = items.filter('%s %s' % (filter.name,filter.op),filter.value)
if not isinstance(items,list):
if attributes.get('left', None):
raise SyntaxError, 'Set: no left join in appengine'
if attributes.get('groupby', None):
raise SyntaxError, 'Set: no groupby in appengine'
orderby = attributes.get('orderby', False)
if orderby:
### THIS REALLY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT !!!
if isinstance(orderby, (list, tuple)):
orderby = xorify(orderby)
if isinstance(orderby,Expression):
orderby = self.expand(orderby)
orders = orderby.split(', ')
for order in orders:
order={'-id':'-__key__','id':'__key__'}.get(order,order)
items = items.order(order)
if attributes.get('limitby', None):
(lmin, lmax) = attributes['limitby']
(limit, offset) = (lmax - lmin, lmin)
items = items.fetch(limit, offset=offset)
fields = self.db[tablename].fields
return (items, tablename, fields)
def select(self,query,fields,attributes):
(items, tablename, fields) = self.select_raw(query,fields,attributes)
# self.db['_lastsql'] = self._select(query,fields,attributes)
rows = [
[t=='id' and int(item.key().id()) or getattr(item, t) for t in fields]
for item in items]
colnames = ['%s.%s' % (tablename, t) for t in fields]
return self.parse(rows, colnames, False)
def count(self,query,distinct=None):
if distinct:
raise RuntimeError, "COUNT DISTINCT not supported"
(items, tablename, fields) = self.select_raw(query)
# self.db['_lastsql'] = self._count(query)
try:
return len(items)
except TypeError:
return items.count(limit=None)
def delete(self,tablename, query):
"""
This function was changed on 2010-05-04 because according to
http://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/issues/detail?id=3119
GAE no longer support deleting more than 1000 records.
"""
# self.db['_lastsql'] = self._delete(tablename,query)
(items, tablename, fields) = self.select_raw(query)
# items can be one item or a query
if not isinstance(items,list):
counter = items.count(limit=None)
leftitems = items.fetch(1000)
while len(leftitems):
gae.delete(leftitems)
leftitems = items.fetch(1000)
else:
counter = len(items)
gae.delete(items)
return counter
def update(self,tablename,query,update_fields):
# self.db['_lastsql'] = self._update(tablename,query,update_fields)
(items, tablename, fields) = self.select_raw(query)
counter = 0
for item in items:
for field, value in update_fields:
setattr(item, field.name, self.represent(value,field.type))
item.put()
counter += 1
logger.info(str(counter))
return counter
def insert(self,table,fields):
dfields=dict((f.name,self.represent(v,f.type)) for f,v in fields)
# table._db['_lastsql'] = self._insert(table,fields)
tmp = table._tableobj(**dfields)
tmp.put()
rid = Reference(tmp.key().id())
(rid._table, rid._record) = (table, None)
return rid
def bulk_insert(self,table,items):
parsed_items = []
for item in items:
dfields=dict((f.name,self.represent(v,f.type)) for f,v in item)
parsed_items.append(table._tableobj(**dfields))
gae.put(parsed_items)
return True
def uuid2int(uuidv):
return uuid.UUID(uuidv).int
def int2uuid(n):
return str(uuid.UUID(int=n))
class CouchDBAdapter(NoSQLAdapter):
uploads_in_blob = True
types = {
'boolean': bool,
'string': str,
'text': str,
'password': str,
'blob': str,
'upload': str,
'integer': long,
'double': float,
'date': datetime.date,
'time': datetime.time,
'datetime': datetime.datetime,
'id': long,
'reference': long,
'list:string': list,
'list:integer': list,
'list:reference': list,
}
def file_exists(self, filename): pass
def file_open(self, filename, mode='rb', lock=True): pass
def file_close(self, fileobj, unlock=True): pass
def expand(self,expression,field_type=None):
if isinstance(expression,Field):
if expression.type=='id':
return "%s._id" % expression.tablename
return BaseAdapter.expand(self,expression,field_type)
def AND(self,first,second):
return '(%s && %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def OR(self,first,second):
return '(%s || %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def EQ(self,first,second):
if second is None:
return '(%s == null)' % self.expand(first)
return '(%s == %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def NE(self,first,second):
if second is None:
return '(%s != null)' % self.expand(first)
return '(%s != %s)' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second,first.type))
def COMMA(self,first,second):
return '%s + %s' % (self.expand(first),self.expand(second))
def represent(self, obj, fieldtype):
value = NoSQLAdapter.represent(self, obj, fieldtype)
if fieldtype=='id':
return repr(str(int(value)))
return repr(not isinstance(value,unicode) and value or value.encode('utf8'))
def __init__(self,db,uri='couchdb://127.0.0.1:5984',
pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.uri = uri
self.dbengine = 'couchdb'
self.folder = folder
db['_lastsql'] = ''
self.db_codec = 'UTF-8'
self.pool_size = pool_size
url='http://'+uri[10:]
def connect(url=url,driver_args=driver_args):
return couchdb.Server(url,**driver_args)
self.pool_connection(connect,cursor=False)
def create_table(self, table, migrate=True, fake_migrate=False, polymodel=None):
if migrate:
try:
self.connection.create(table._tablename)
except:
pass
def insert(self,table,fields):
id = uuid2int(web2py_uuid())
ctable = self.connection[table._tablename]
values = dict((k.name,NoSQLAdapter.represent(self,v,k.type)) for k,v in fields)
values['_id'] = str(id)
ctable.save(values)
return id
def _select(self,query,fields,attributes):
if not isinstance(query,Query):
raise SyntaxError, "Not Supported"
for key in set(attributes.keys())-set(('orderby','groupby','limitby',
'required','cache','left',
'distinct','having')):
raise SyntaxError, 'invalid select attribute: %s' % key
new_fields=[]
for item in fields:
if isinstance(item,SQLALL):
new_fields += item.table
else:
new_fields.append(item)
def uid(fd):
return fd=='id' and '_id' or fd
def get(row,fd):
return fd=='id' and int(row['_id']) or row.get(fd,None)
fields = new_fields
tablename = self.get_table(query)
fieldnames = [f.name for f in (fields or self.db[tablename])]
colnames = ['%s.%s' % (tablename,k) for k in fieldnames]
fields = ','.join(['%s.%s' % (tablename,uid(f)) for f in fieldnames])
fn="function(%(t)s){if(%(query)s)emit(%(order)s,[%(fields)s]);}" %\
dict(t=tablename,
query=self.expand(query),
order='%s._id' % tablename,
fields=fields)
return fn, colnames
def select(self,query,fields,attributes):
if not isinstance(query,Query):
raise SyntaxError, "Not Supported"
fn, colnames = self._select(query,fields,attributes)
tablename = colnames[0].split('.')[0]
ctable = self.connection[tablename]
rows = [cols['value'] for cols in ctable.query(fn)]
return self.parse(rows, colnames, False)
def delete(self,tablename,query):
if not isinstance(query,Query):
raise SyntaxError, "Not Supported"
if query.first.type=='id' and query.op==self.EQ:
id = query.second
tablename = query.first.tablename
assert(tablename == query.first.tablename)
ctable = self.connection[tablename]
try:
del ctable[str(id)]
return 1
except couchdb.http.ResourceNotFound:
return 0
else:
tablename = self.get_table(query)
rows = self.select(query,[self.db[tablename]._id],{})
ctable = self.connection[tablename]
for row in rows:
del ctable[str(row.id)]
return len(rows)
def update(self,tablename,query,fields):
if not isinstance(query,Query):
raise SyntaxError, "Not Supported"
if query.first.type=='id' and query.op==self.EQ:
id = query.second
tablename = query.first.tablename
ctable = self.connection[tablename]
try:
doc = ctable[str(id)]
for key,value in fields:
doc[key.name] = NoSQLAdapter.represent(self,value,self.db[tablename][key.name].type)
ctable.save(doc)
return 1
except couchdb.http.ResourceNotFound:
return 0
else:
tablename = self.get_table(query)
rows = self.select(query,[self.db[tablename]._id],{})
ctable = self.connection[tablename]
table = self.db[tablename]
for row in rows:
doc = ctable[str(row.id)]
for key,value in fields:
doc[key.name] = NoSQLAdapter.represent(self,value,table[key.name].type)
ctable.save(doc)
return len(rows)
def count(self,query,distinct=None):
if distinct:
raise RuntimeError, "COUNT DISTINCT not supported"
if not isinstance(query,Query):
raise SyntaxError, "Not Supported"
tablename = self.get_table(query)
rows = self.select(query,[self.db[tablename]._id],{})
return len(rows)
def cleanup(text):
"""
validates that the given text is clean: only contains [0-9a-zA-Z_]
"""
if re.compile('[^0-9a-zA-Z_]').findall(text):
raise SyntaxError, \
'only [0-9a-zA-Z_] allowed in table and field names, received %s' \
% text
return text
class MongoDBAdapter(NoSQLAdapter):
uploads_in_blob = True
types = {
'boolean': bool,
'string': str,
'text': str,
'password': str,
'blob': str,
'upload': str,
'integer': long,
'double': float,
'date': datetime.date,
'time': datetime.time,
'datetime': datetime.datetime,
'id': long,
'reference': long,
'list:string': list,
'list:integer': list,
'list:reference': list,
}
def __init__(self,db,uri='mongodb://127.0.0.1:5984/db',
pool_size=0,folder=None,db_codec ='UTF-8',
credential_decoder=lambda x:x, driver_args={},
adapter_args={}):
self.db = db
self.uri = uri
self.dbengine = 'mongodb'
self.folder = folder
db['_lastsql'] = ''
self.db_codec = 'UTF-8'
self.pool_size = pool_size
m = re.compile('^(?P<host>[^\:/]+)(\:(?P<port>[0-9]+))?/(?P<db>.+)$').match(self.uri[10:])
if not m:
raise SyntaxError, "Invalid URI string in DAL: %s" % self.uri
host = m.group('host')
if not host:
raise SyntaxError, 'mongodb: host name required'
dbname = m.group('db')
if not dbname:
raise SyntaxError, 'mongodb: db name required'
port = m.group('port') or 27017
driver_args.update(dict(host=host,port=port))
def connect(dbname=dbname,driver_args=driver_args):
return pymongo.Connection(**driver_args)[dbname]
self.pool_connection(connect,cursor=False)
def insert(self,table,fields):
ctable = self.connection[table._tablename]
values = dict((k,self.represent(v,table[k].type)) for k,v in fields)
ctable.insert(values)
return uuid2int(id)
def count(self,query):
raise RuntimeError, "Not implemented"
def select(self,query,fields,attributes):
raise RuntimeError, "Not implemented"
def delete(self,tablename, query):
raise RuntimeError, "Not implemented"
def update(self,tablename,query,fields):
raise RuntimeError, "Not implemented"
########################################################################
# end of adapters
########################################################################
ADAPTERS = {
'sqlite': SQLiteAdapter,
'sqlite:memory': SQLiteAdapter,
'mysql': MySQLAdapter,
'postgres': PostgreSQLAdapter,
'oracle': OracleAdapter,
'mssql': MSSQLAdapter,
'mssql2': MSSQL2Adapter,
'db2': DB2Adapter,
'teradata': TeradataAdapter,
'informix': InformixAdapter,
'firebird': FireBirdAdapter,
'firebird_embedded': FireBirdAdapter,
'ingres': IngresAdapter,
'ingresu': IngresUnicodeAdapter,
'sapdb': SAPDBAdapter,
'cubrid': CubridAdapter,
'jdbc:sqlite': JDBCSQLiteAdapter,
'jdbc:sqlite:memory': JDBCSQLiteAdapter,
'jdbc:postgres': JDBCPostgreSQLAdapter,
'gae': GoogleDatastoreAdapter, # discouraged, for backward compatibility
'google:datastore': GoogleDatastoreAdapter,
'google:sql': GoogleSQLAdapter,
'couchdb': CouchDBAdapter,
'mongodb': MongoDBAdapter,
}
def sqlhtml_validators(field):
"""
Field type validation, using web2py's validators mechanism.
makes sure the content of a field is in line with the declared
fieldtype
"""
if not have_validators:
return []
field_type, field_length = field.type, field.length
if isinstance(field_type, SQLCustomType):
if hasattr(field_type, 'validator'):
return field_type.validator
else:
field_type = field_type.type
elif not isinstance(field_type,str):
return []
requires=[]
def ff(r,id):
row=r(id)
if not row:
return id
elif hasattr(r, '_format') and isinstance(r._format,str):
return r._format % row
elif hasattr(r, '_format') and callable(r._format):
return r._format(row)
else:
return id
if field_type == 'string':
requires.append(validators.IS_LENGTH(field_length))
elif field_type == 'text':
requires.append(validators.IS_LENGTH(field_length))
elif field_type == 'password':
requires.append(validators.IS_LENGTH(field_length))
elif field_type == 'double':
requires.append(validators.IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE(-1e100, 1e100))
elif field_type == 'integer':
requires.append(validators.IS_INT_IN_RANGE(-1e100, 1e100))
elif field_type.startswith('decimal'):
requires.append(validators.IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE(-10**10, 10**10))
elif field_type == 'date':
requires.append(validators.IS_DATE())
elif field_type == 'time':
requires.append(validators.IS_TIME())
elif field_type == 'datetime':
requires.append(validators.IS_DATETIME())
elif field.db and field_type.startswith('reference') and \
field_type.find('.') < 0 and \
field_type[10:] in field.db.tables:
referenced = field.db[field_type[10:]]
def repr_ref(id, row=None, r=referenced, f=ff): return f(r, id)
field.represent = field.represent or repr_ref
if hasattr(referenced, '_format') and referenced._format:
requires = validators.IS_IN_DB(field.db,referenced._id,
referenced._format)
if field.unique:
requires._and = validators.IS_NOT_IN_DB(field.db,field)
if field.tablename == field_type[10:]:
return validators.IS_EMPTY_OR(requires)
return requires
elif field.db and field_type.startswith('list:reference') and \
field_type.find('.') < 0 and \
field_type[15:] in field.db.tables:
referenced = field.db[field_type[15:]]
def list_ref_repr(ids, row=None, r=referenced, f=ff):
if not ids:
return None
refs = r._db(r._id.belongs(ids)).select(r._id)
return (refs and ', '.join(str(f(r,ref.id)) for ref in refs) or '')
field.represent = field.represent or list_ref_repr
if hasattr(referenced, '_format') and referenced._format:
requires = validators.IS_IN_DB(field.db,referenced._id,
referenced._format,multiple=True)
else:
requires = validators.IS_IN_DB(field.db,referenced._id,
multiple=True)
if field.unique:
requires._and = validators.IS_NOT_IN_DB(field.db,field)
return requires
elif field_type.startswith('list:'):
def repr_list(values,row=None): return', '.join(str(v) for v in (values or []))
field.represent = field.represent or repr_list
if field.unique:
requires.insert(0,validators.IS_NOT_IN_DB(field.db,field))
sff = ['in', 'do', 'da', 'ti', 'de', 'bo']
if field.notnull and not field_type[:2] in sff:
requires.insert(0, validators.IS_NOT_EMPTY())
elif not field.notnull and field_type[:2] in sff and requires:
requires[-1] = validators.IS_EMPTY_OR(requires[-1])
return requires
def bar_escape(item):
return str(item).replace('|', '||')
def bar_encode(items):
return '|%s|' % '|'.join(bar_escape(item) for item in items if str(item).strip())
def bar_decode_integer(value):
return [int(x) for x in value.split('|') if x.strip()]
def bar_decode_string(value):
return [x.replace('||', '|') for x in string_unpack.split(value[1:-1]) if x.strip()]
class Row(dict):
"""
a dictionary that lets you do d['a'] as well as d.a
this is only used to store a Row
"""
def __getitem__(self, key):
key=str(key)
m = table_field.match(key)
if key in self.get('_extra',{}):
return self._extra[key]
elif m:
try:
return dict.__getitem__(self, m.group(1))[m.group(2)]
except (KeyError,TypeError):
key = m.group(2)
return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
def __call__(self,key):
return self.__getitem__(key)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
dict.__setitem__(self, str(key), value)
def __getattr__(self, key):
return self[key]
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def __repr__(self):
return '<Row ' + dict.__repr__(self) + '>'
def __int__(self):
return dict.__getitem__(self,'id')
def __eq__(self,other):
try:
return self.as_dict() == other.as_dict()
except AttributeError:
return False
def __ne__(self,other):
return not (self == other)
def __copy__(self):
return Row(dict(self))
def as_dict(self,datetime_to_str=False):
SERIALIZABLE_TYPES = (str,unicode,int,long,float,bool,list)
d = dict(self)
for k in copy.copy(d.keys()):
v=d[k]
if d[k] is None:
continue
elif isinstance(v,Row):
d[k]=v.as_dict()
elif isinstance(v,Reference):
d[k]=int(v)
elif isinstance(v,decimal.Decimal):
d[k]=float(v)
elif isinstance(v, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime, datetime.time)):
if datetime_to_str:
d[k] = v.isoformat().replace('T',' ')[:19]
elif not isinstance(v,SERIALIZABLE_TYPES):
del d[k]
return d
def Row_unpickler(data):
return Row(cPickle.loads(data))
def Row_pickler(data):
return Row_unpickler, (cPickle.dumps(data.as_dict(datetime_to_str=False)),)
copy_reg.pickle(Row, Row_pickler, Row_unpickler)
################################################################################
# Everything below should be independent on the specifics of the
# database and should for RDBMs and some NoSQL databases
################################################################################
class SQLCallableList(list):
def __call__(self):
return copy.copy(self)
def smart_query(fields,text):
if not isinstance(fields,(list,tuple)):
fields = [fields]
new_fields = []
for field in fields:
if isinstance(field,Field):
new_fields.append(field)
elif isinstance(field,Table):
for ofield in field:
new_fields.append(ofield)
else:
raise RuntimeError, "fields must be a list of fields"
field_map = {}
for field in fields:
n = field.name.lower()
if not n in field_map:
field_map[n] = field
n = str(field).lower()
if not n in field_map:
field_map[n] = field
re_constants = re.compile('(\"[^\"]*?\")|(\'[^\']*?\')')
constants = {}
i = 0
while True:
m = re_constants.search(text)
if not m: break
text = text[:m.start()]+('#%i' % i)+text[m.end():]
constants[str(i)] = m.group()[1:-1]
i+=1
text = re.sub('\s+',' ',text).lower()
for a,b in [('&','and'),
('|','or'),
('~','not'),
('==','=='),
('<','<'),
('>','>'),
('<=','<='),
('>=','>='),
('<>','!='),
('=<','<='),
('=>','>='),
('=','=='),
(' less or equal than ','<='),
(' greater or equal than ','>='),
(' equal or less than ','<='),
(' equal or greater than ','>='),
(' less or equal ','<='),
(' greater or equal ','>='),
(' equal or less ','<='),
(' equal or greater ','>='),
(' not equal to ','!='),
(' not equal ','!='),
(' equal to ','=='),
(' equal ','=='),
(' equals ','!='),
(' less than ','<'),
(' greater than ','>'),
(' starts with ','startswith'),
(' ends with ','endswith'),
(' is ','==')]:
if a[0]==' ':
text = text.replace(' is'+a,' %s ' % b)
text = text.replace(a,' %s ' % b)
text = re.sub('\s+',' ',text).lower()
query = field = neg = op = logic = None
for item in text.split():
if field is None:
if item == 'not':
neg = True
elif not neg and not logic and item in ('and','or'):
logic = item
elif item in field_map:
field = field_map[item]
else:
raise RuntimeError, "Invalid syntax"
elif not field is None and op is None:
op = item
elif not op is None:
if item.startswith('#'):
if not item[1:] in constants:
raise RuntimeError, "Invalid syntax"
value = constants[item[1:]]
else:
value = item
if op == '==': op = 'like'
if op == '==': new_query = field==value
elif op == '<': new_query = field<value
elif op == '>': new_query = field>value
elif op == '<=': new_query = field<=value
elif op == '>=': new_query = field>=value
elif op == 'contains': new_query = field.contains(value)
elif op == 'like': new_query = field.like(value)
elif op == 'startswith': new_query = field.startswith(value)
elif op == 'endswith': new_query = field.endswith(value)
else: raise RuntimeError, "Invalid operation"
if neg: new_query = ~new_query
if query is None:
query = new_query
elif logic == 'and':
query &= new_query
elif logic == 'or':
query |= new_query
field = op = neg = logic = None
return query
class DAL(dict):
"""
an instance of this class represents a database connection
Example::
db = DAL('sqlite://test.db')
db.define_table('tablename', Field('fieldname1'),
Field('fieldname2'))
"""
@staticmethod
def set_folder(folder):
"""
# ## this allows gluon to set a folder for this thread
# ## <<<<<<<<< Should go away as new DAL replaces old sql.py
"""
BaseAdapter.set_folder(folder)
@staticmethod
def distributed_transaction_begin(*instances):
if not instances:
return
thread_key = '%s.%s' % (socket.gethostname(), threading.currentThread())
keys = ['%s.%i' % (thread_key, i) for (i,db) in instances]
instances = enumerate(instances)
for (i, db) in instances:
if not db._adapter.support_distributed_transaction():
raise SyntaxError, \
'distributed transaction not suported by %s' % db._dbname
for (i, db) in instances:
db._adapter.distributed_transaction_begin(keys[i])
@staticmethod
def distributed_transaction_commit(*instances):
if not instances:
return
instances = enumerate(instances)
thread_key = '%s.%s' % (socket.gethostname(), threading.currentThread())
keys = ['%s.%i' % (thread_key, i) for (i,db) in instances]
for (i, db) in instances:
if not db._adapter.support_distributed_transaction():
raise SyntaxError, \
'distributed transaction not suported by %s' % db._dbanme
try:
for (i, db) in instances:
db._adapter.prepare(keys[i])
except:
for (i, db) in instances:
db._adapter.rollback_prepared(keys[i])
raise RuntimeError, 'failure to commit distributed transaction'
else:
for (i, db) in instances:
db._adapter.commit_prepared(keys[i])
return
def __init__(self, uri='sqlite://dummy.db',
pool_size=0, folder=None,
db_codec='UTF-8', check_reserved=None,
migrate=True, fake_migrate=False,
migrate_enabled=True, fake_migrate_all=False,
decode_credentials=False, driver_args=None,
adapter_args=None, attempts=5, auto_import=False):
"""
Creates a new Database Abstraction Layer instance.
Keyword arguments:
:uri: string that contains information for connecting to a database.
(default: 'sqlite://dummy.db')
:pool_size: How many open connections to make to the database object.
:folder: <please update me>
:db_codec: string encoding of the database (default: 'UTF-8')
:check_reserved: list of adapters to check tablenames and column names
against sql reserved keywords. (Default None)
* 'common' List of sql keywords that are common to all database types
such as "SELECT, INSERT". (recommended)
* 'all' Checks against all known SQL keywords. (not recommended)
<adaptername> Checks against the specific adapters list of keywords
(recommended)
* '<adaptername>_nonreserved' Checks against the specific adapters
list of nonreserved keywords. (if available)
:migrate (defaults to True) sets default migrate behavior for all tables
:fake_migrate (defaults to False) sets default fake_migrate behavior for all tables
:migrate_enabled (defaults to True). If set to False disables ALL migrations
:fake_migrate_all (defaults to False). If sets to True fake migrates ALL tables
:attempts (defaults to 5). Number of times to attempt connecting
"""
if not decode_credentials:
credential_decoder = lambda cred: cred
else:
credential_decoder = lambda cred: urllib.unquote(cred)
if folder:
self.set_folder(folder)
self._uri = uri
self._pool_size = pool_size
self._db_codec = db_codec
self._lastsql = ''
self._timings = []
self._pending_references = {}
self._request_tenant = 'request_tenant'
self._common_fields = []
self._referee_name = '%(table)s'
if not str(attempts).isdigit() or attempts < 0:
attempts = 5
if uri:
uris = isinstance(uri,(list,tuple)) and uri or [uri]
error = ''
connected = False
for k in range(attempts):
for uri in uris:
try:
if is_jdbc and not uri.startswith('jdbc:'):
uri = 'jdbc:'+uri
self._dbname = regex_dbname.match(uri).group()
if not self._dbname in ADAPTERS:
raise SyntaxError, "Error in URI '%s' or database not supported" % self._dbname
# notice that driver args or {} else driver_args
# defaults to {} global, not correct
args = (self,uri,pool_size,folder,
db_codec, credential_decoder,
driver_args or {}, adapter_args or {})
self._adapter = ADAPTERS[self._dbname](*args)
connected = True
break
except SyntaxError:
raise
except Exception, error:
sys.stderr.write('DEBUG_c: Exception %r' % ((Exception, error,),))
if connected:
break
else:
time.sleep(1)
if not connected:
raise RuntimeError, "Failure to connect, tried %d times:\n%s" % (attempts, error)
else:
args = (self,'None',0,folder,db_codec)
self._adapter = BaseAdapter(*args)
migrate = fake_migrate = False
adapter = self._adapter
self._uri_hash = hashlib.md5(adapter.uri).hexdigest()
self.tables = SQLCallableList()
self.check_reserved = check_reserved
if self.check_reserved:
from reserved_sql_keywords import ADAPTERS as RSK
self.RSK = RSK
self._migrate = migrate
self._fake_migrate = fake_migrate
self._migrate_enabled = migrate_enabled
self._fake_migrate_all = fake_migrate_all
if auto_import:
self.import_table_definitions(adapter.folder)
def import_table_definitions(self,path,migrate=False,fake_migrate=False):
pattern = os.path.join(path,self._uri_hash+'_*.table')
for filename in glob.glob(pattern):
tfile = self._adapter.file_open(filename, 'r')
try:
sql_fields = cPickle.load(tfile)
name = filename[len(pattern)-7:-6]
mf = [(value['sortable'],Field(key,type=value['type'])) \
for key, value in sql_fields.items()]
mf.sort(lambda a,b: cmp(a[0],b[0]))
self.define_table(name,*[item[1] for item in mf],
**dict(migrate=migrate,fake_migrate=fake_migrate))
finally:
self._adapter.file_close(tfile)
def check_reserved_keyword(self, name):
"""
Validates ``name`` against SQL keywords
Uses self.check_reserve which is a list of
operators to use.
self.check_reserved
['common', 'postgres', 'mysql']
self.check_reserved
['all']
"""
for backend in self.check_reserved:
if name.upper() in self.RSK[backend]:
raise SyntaxError, 'invalid table/column name "%s" is a "%s" reserved SQL keyword' % (name, backend.upper())
def __contains__(self, tablename):
if self.has_key(tablename):
return True
else:
return False
def parse_as_rest(self,patterns,args,vars,query=None,nested_select=True):
"""
EXAMPLE:
db.define_table('person',Field('name'),Field('info'))
db.define_table('pet',Field('person',db.person),Field('name'),Field('info'))
@request.restful()
def index():
def GET(*kargs,**kvars):
patterns = [
"/persons[person]",
"/{person.name.startswith}",
"/{person.name}/:field",
"/{person.name}/pets[pet.person]",
"/{person.name}/pet[pet.person]/{pet.name}",
"/{person.name}/pet[pet.person]/{pet.name}/:field"
]
parser = db.parse_as_rest(patterns,kargs,kvars)
if parser.status == 200:
return dict(content=parser.response)
else:
raise HTTP(parser.status,parser.error)
def POST(table_name,**kvars):
if table_name == 'person':
return db.person.validate_and_insert(**kvars)
elif table_name == 'pet':
return db.pet.validate_and_insert(**kvars)
else:
raise HTTP(400)
return locals()
"""
db = self
re1 = re.compile('^{[^\.]+\.[^\.]+(\.(lt|gt|le|ge|eq|ne|contains|startswith|year|month|day|hour|minute|second))?(\.not)?}$')
re2 = re.compile('^.+\[.+\]$')
def auto_table(table,base='',depth=0):
patterns = []
for field in db[table].fields:
if base:
tag = '%s/%s' % (base,field.replace('_','-'))
else:
tag = '/%s/%s' % (table.replace('_','-'),field.replace('_','-'))
f = db[table][field]
if not f.readable: continue
if f.type=='id' or 'slug' in field or f.type.startswith('reference'):
tag += '/{%s.%s}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
elif f.type.startswith('boolean'):
tag += '/{%s.%s}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
elif f.type.startswith('double') or f.type.startswith('integer'):
tag += '/{%s.%s.ge}/{%s.%s.lt}' % (table,field,table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
elif f.type.startswith('list:'):
tag += '/{%s.%s.contains}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
elif f.type in ('date','datetime'):
tag+= '/{%s.%s.year}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
tag+='/{%s.%s.month}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
tag+='/{%s.%s.day}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
if f.type in ('datetime','time'):
tag+= '/{%s.%s.hour}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
tag+='/{%s.%s.minute}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
tag+='/{%s.%s.second}' % (table,field)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns.append(tag+'/:field')
if depth>0:
for rtable,rfield in db[table]._referenced_by:
tag+='/%s[%s.%s]' % (rtable,rtable,rfield)
patterns.append(tag)
patterns += auto_table(rtable,base=tag,depth=depth-1)
return patterns
if patterns=='auto':
patterns=[]
for table in db.tables:
if not table.startswith('auth_'):
patterns += auto_table(table,base='',depth=1)
else:
i = 0
while i<len(patterns):
pattern = patterns[i]
tokens = pattern.split('/')
if tokens[-1].startswith(':auto') and re2.match(tokens[-1]):
new_patterns = auto_table(tokens[-1][tokens[-1].find('[')+1:-1],'/'.join(tokens[:-1]))
patterns = patterns[:i]+new_patterns+patterns[i+1:]
i += len(new_patterns)
else:
i += 1
if '/'.join(args) == 'patterns':
return Row({'status':200,'pattern':'list',
'error':None,'response':patterns})
for pattern in patterns:
otable=table=None
dbset=db(query)
i=0
tags = pattern[1:].split('/')
# print pattern
if len(tags)!=len(args):
continue
for tag in tags:
# print i, tag, args[i]
if re1.match(tag):
# print 're1:'+tag
tokens = tag[1:-1].split('.')
table, field = tokens[0], tokens[1]
if not otable or table == otable:
if len(tokens)==2 or tokens[2]=='eq':
query = db[table][field]==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='ne':
query = db[table][field]!=args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='lt':
query = db[table][field]<args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='gt':
query = db[table][field]>args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='ge':
query = db[table][field]>=args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='le':
query = db[table][field]<=args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='year':
query = db[table][field].year()==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='month':
query = db[table][field].month()==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='day':
query = db[table][field].day()==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='hour':
query = db[table][field].hour()==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='minute':
query = db[table][field].minutes()==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='second':
query = db[table][field].seconds()==args[i]
elif tokens[2]=='startswith':
query = db[table][field].startswith(args[i])
elif tokens[2]=='contains':
query = db[table][field].contains(args[i])
else:
raise RuntimeError, "invalid pattern: %s" % pattern
if len(tokens)==4 and tokens[3]=='not':
query = ~query
elif len(tokens)>=4:
raise RuntimeError, "invalid pattern: %s" % pattern
dbset=dbset(query)
else:
raise RuntimeError, "missing relation in pattern: %s" % pattern
elif otable and re2.match(tag) and args[i]==tag[:tag.find('[')]:
# print 're2:'+tag
ref = tag[tag.find('[')+1:-1]
if '.' in ref:
table,field = ref.split('.')
# print table,field
if nested_select:
try:
dbset=db(db[table][field].belongs(dbset._select(db[otable]._id)))
except ValueError:
return Row({'status':400,'pattern':pattern,
'error':'invalid path','response':None})
else:
items = [item.id for item in dbset.select(db[otable]._id)]
dbset=db(db[table][field].belongs(items))
else:
dbset=dbset(db[ref])
elif tag==':field' and table:
# # print 're3:'+tag
field = args[i]
if not field in db[table]: break
try:
item = dbset.select(db[table][field],limitby=(0,1)).first()
except ValueError:
return Row({'status':400,'pattern':pattern,
'error':'invalid path','response':None})
if not item:
return Row({'status':404,'pattern':pattern,
'error':'record not found','response':None})
else:
return Row({'status':200,'response':item[field],
'pattern':pattern})
elif tag != args[i]:
break
otable = table
i += 1
if i==len(tags) and table:
otable,ofield = vars.get('order','%s.%s' % (table,field)).split('.',1)
try:
if otable[:1]=='~': orderby = ~db[otable[1:]][ofield]
else: orderby = db[otable][ofield]
except KeyError:
return Row({'status':400,'error':'invalid orderby','response':None})
fields = [field for field in db[table] if field.readable]
count = dbset.count()
try:
limits = (int(vars.get('min',0)),int(vars.get('max',1000)))
if limits[0]<0 or limits[1]<limits[0]: raise ValueError
except ValueError:
Row({'status':400,'error':'invalid limits','response':None})
if count > limits[1]-limits[0]:
Row({'status':400,'error':'too many records','response':None})
try:
response = dbset.select(limitby=limits,orderby=orderby,*fields)
except ValueError:
return Row({'status':400,'pattern':pattern,
'error':'invalid path','response':None})
return Row({'status':200,'response':response,'pattern':pattern})
return Row({'status':400,'error':'no matching pattern','response':None})
def define_table(
self,
tablename,
*fields,
**args
):
for key in args:
if key not in [
'migrate',
'primarykey',
'fake_migrate',
'format',
'trigger_name',
'sequence_name',
'polymodel',
'table_class']:
raise SyntaxError, 'invalid table "%s" attribute: %s' \
% (tablename, key)
migrate = self._migrate_enabled and args.get('migrate',
self._migrate)
fake_migrate = self._fake_migrate_all or args.get('fake_migrate',
self._fake_migrate)
table_class = args.get('table_class',Table)
format = args.get('format',None)
trigger_name = args.get('trigger_name', None)
sequence_name = args.get('sequence_name', None)
primarykey=args.get('primarykey',None)
polymodel=args.get('polymodel',None)
if not isinstance(tablename,str):
raise SyntaxError, "missing table name"
tablename = cleanup(tablename)
lowertablename = tablename.lower()
if tablename.startswith('_') or hasattr(self,lowertablename) or \
regex_python_keywords.match(tablename):
raise SyntaxError, 'invalid table name: %s' % tablename
elif lowertablename in self.tables:
raise SyntaxError, 'table already defined: %s' % tablename
elif self.check_reserved:
self.check_reserved_keyword(tablename)
if self._common_fields:
fields = [f for f in fields] + [f for f in self._common_fields]
t = self[tablename] = table_class(self, tablename, *fields,
**dict(primarykey=primarykey,
trigger_name=trigger_name,
sequence_name=sequence_name))
# db magic
if self._uri in (None,'None'):
return t
t._create_references()
if migrate or self._adapter.dbengine=='google:datastore':
try:
sql_locker.acquire()
self._adapter.create_table(t,migrate=migrate,
fake_migrate=fake_migrate,
polymodel=polymodel)
finally:
sql_locker.release()
else:
t._dbt = None
self.tables.append(tablename)
t._format = format
return t
def __iter__(self):
for tablename in self.tables:
yield self[tablename]
def __getitem__(self, key):
return dict.__getitem__(self, str(key))
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
dict.__setitem__(self, str(key), value)
def __getattr__(self, key):
return self[key]
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key[:1]!='_' and key in self:
raise SyntaxError, \
'Object %s exists and cannot be redefined' % key
self[key] = value
def __repr__(self):
return '<DAL ' + dict.__repr__(self) + '>'
def smart_query(self,fields,text):
return Set(self, smart_query(fields,text))
def __call__(self, query=None):
if isinstance(query,Table):
query = query._id>0
elif isinstance(query,Field):
query = query!=None
return Set(self, query)
def commit(self):
self._adapter.commit()
def rollback(self):
self._adapter.rollback()
def executesql(self, query, placeholders=None, as_dict=False):
"""
placeholders is optional and will always be None when using DAL
if using raw SQL with placeholders, placeholders may be
a sequence of values to be substituted in
or, *if supported by the DB driver*, a dictionary with keys
matching named placeholders in your SQL.
Added 2009-12-05 "as_dict" optional argument. Will always be
None when using DAL. If using raw SQL can be set to True
and the results cursor returned by the DB driver will be
converted to a sequence of dictionaries keyed with the db
field names. Tested with SQLite but should work with any database
since the cursor.description used to get field names is part of the
Python dbi 2.0 specs. Results returned with as_dict = True are
the same as those returned when applying .to_list() to a DAL query.
[{field1: value1, field2: value2}, {field1: value1b, field2: value2b}]
--bmeredyk
"""
if placeholders:
self._adapter.execute(query, placeholders)
else:
self._adapter.execute(query)
if as_dict:
if not hasattr(self._adapter.cursor,'description'):
raise RuntimeError, "database does not support executesql(...,as_dict=True)"
# Non-DAL legacy db query, converts cursor results to dict.
# sequence of 7-item sequences. each sequence tells about a column.
# first item is always the field name according to Python Database API specs
columns = self._adapter.cursor.description
# reduce the column info down to just the field names
fields = [f[0] for f in columns]
# will hold our finished resultset in a list
data = self._adapter.cursor.fetchall()
# convert the list for each row into a dictionary so it's
# easier to work with. row['field_name'] rather than row[0]
return [dict(zip(fields,row)) for row in data]
# see if any results returned from database
try:
return self._adapter.cursor.fetchall()
except:
return None
def _update_referenced_by(self, other):
for tablename in self.tables:
by = self[tablename]._referenced_by
by[:] = [item for item in by if not item[0] == other]
def export_to_csv_file(self, ofile, *args, **kwargs):
for table in self.tables:
ofile.write('TABLE %s\r\n' % table)
self(self[table]._id > 0).select().export_to_csv_file(ofile, *args, **kwargs)
ofile.write('\r\n\r\n')
ofile.write('END')
def import_from_csv_file(self, ifile, id_map=None, null='<NULL>',
unique='uuid', *args, **kwargs):
if id_map is None: id_map={}
for line in ifile:
line = line.strip()
if not line:
continue
elif line == 'END':
return
elif not line.startswith('TABLE ') or not line[6:] in self.tables:
raise SyntaxError, 'invalid file format'
else:
tablename = line[6:]
self[tablename].import_from_csv_file(ifile, id_map, null,
unique, *args, **kwargs)
class SQLALL(object):
"""
Helper class providing a comma-separated string having all the field names
(prefixed by table name and '.')
normally only called from within gluon.sql
"""
def __init__(self, table):
self.table = table
def __str__(self):
return ', '.join([str(field) for field in self.table])
class Reference(int):
def __allocate(self):
if not self._record:
self._record = self._table[int(self)]
if not self._record:
raise RuntimeError, "Using a recursive select but encountered a broken reference: %s %d"%(self._table, int(self))
def __getattr__(self, key):
if key == 'id':
return int(self)
self.__allocate()
return self._record.get(key, None)
def get(self, key):
return self.__getattr__(key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key.startswith('_'):
int.__setattr__(self, key, value)
return
self.__allocate()
self._record[key] = value
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key == 'id':
return int(self)
self.__allocate()
return self._record.get(key, None)
def __setitem__(self,key,value):
self.__allocate()
self._record[key] = value
def Reference_unpickler(data):
return marshal.loads(data)
def Reference_pickler(data):
try:
marshal_dump = marshal.dumps(int(data))
except AttributeError:
marshal_dump = 'i%s' % struct.pack('<i', int(data))
return (Reference_unpickler, (marshal_dump,))
copy_reg.pickle(Reference, Reference_pickler, Reference_unpickler)
class Table(dict):
"""
an instance of this class represents a database table
Example::
db = DAL(...)
db.define_table('users', Field('name'))
db.users.insert(name='me') # print db.users._insert(...) to see SQL
db.users.drop()
"""
def __init__(
self,
db,
tablename,
*fields,
**args
):
"""
Initializes the table and performs checking on the provided fields.
Each table will have automatically an 'id'.
If a field is of type Table, the fields (excluding 'id') from that table
will be used instead.
:raises SyntaxError: when a supplied field is of incorrect type.
"""
self._tablename = tablename
self._sequence_name = args.get('sequence_name',None) or \
db and db._adapter.sequence_name(tablename)
self._trigger_name = args.get('trigger_name',None) or \
db and db._adapter.trigger_name(tablename)
primarykey = args.get('primarykey', None)
fieldnames,newfields=set(),[]
if primarykey:
if not isinstance(primarykey,list):
raise SyntaxError, \
"primarykey must be a list of fields from table '%s'" \
% tablename
self._primarykey = primarykey
elif not [f for f in fields if isinstance(f,Field) and f.type=='id']:
field = Field('id', 'id')
newfields.append(field)
fieldnames.add('id')
self._id = field
for field in fields:
if not isinstance(field, (Field, Table)):
raise SyntaxError, \
'define_table argument is not a Field or Table: %s' % field
elif isinstance(field, Field) and not field.name in fieldnames:
if hasattr(field, '_db'):
field = copy.copy(field)
newfields.append(field)
fieldnames.add(field.name)
if field.type=='id':
self._id = field
elif isinstance(field, Table):
table = field
for field in table:
if not field.name in fieldnames and not field.type=='id':
newfields.append(copy.copy(field))
fieldnames.add(field.name)
else:
# let's ignore new fields with duplicated names!!!
pass
fields = newfields
self._db = db
tablename = tablename
self.fields = SQLCallableList()
self.virtualfields = []
fields = list(fields)
if db and self._db._adapter.uploads_in_blob==True:
for field in fields:
if isinstance(field, Field) and field.type == 'upload'\
and field.uploadfield is True:
tmp = field.uploadfield = '%s_blob' % field.name
fields.append(self._db.Field(tmp, 'blob', default=''))
lower_fieldnames = set()
reserved = dir(Table) + ['fields']
for field in fields:
if db and db.check_reserved:
db.check_reserved_keyword(field.name)
elif field.name in reserved:
raise SyntaxError, "field name %s not allowed" % field.name
if field.name.lower() in lower_fieldnames:
raise SyntaxError, "duplicate field %s in table %s" \
% (field.name, tablename)
else:
lower_fieldnames.add(field.name.lower())
self.fields.append(field.name)
self[field.name] = field
if field.type == 'id':
self['id'] = field
field.tablename = field._tablename = tablename
field.table = field._table = self
field.db = field._db = self._db
if self._db and not field.type in ('text','blob') and \
self._db._adapter.maxcharlength < field.length:
field.length = self._db._adapter.maxcharlength
if field.requires == DEFAULT:
field.requires = sqlhtml_validators(field)
self.ALL = SQLALL(self)
if hasattr(self,'_primarykey'):
for k in self._primarykey:
if k not in self.fields:
raise SyntaxError, \
"primarykey must be a list of fields from table '%s " % tablename
else:
self[k].notnull = True
def update(self,*args,**kwargs):
raise RuntimeError, "Syntax Not Supported"
def _validate(self,**vars):
errors = Row()
for key,value in vars.items():
value,error = self[key].validate(value)
if error:
errors[key] = error
return errors
def _create_references(self):
pr = self._db._pending_references
self._referenced_by = []
for fieldname in self.fields:
field=self[fieldname]
if isinstance(field.type,str) and field.type[:10] == 'reference ':
ref = field.type[10:].strip()
if not ref.split():
raise SyntaxError, 'Table: reference to nothing: %s' %ref
refs = ref.split('.')
rtablename = refs[0]
if not rtablename in self._db:
pr[rtablename] = pr.get(rtablename,[]) + [field]
continue
rtable = self._db[rtablename]
if len(refs)==2:
rfieldname = refs[1]
if not hasattr(rtable,'_primarykey'):
raise SyntaxError,\
'keyed tables can only reference other keyed tables (for now)'
if rfieldname not in rtable.fields:
raise SyntaxError,\
"invalid field '%s' for referenced table '%s' in table '%s'" \
% (rfieldname, rtablename, self._tablename)
rtable._referenced_by.append((self._tablename, field.name))
for referee in pr.get(self._tablename,[]):
self._referenced_by.append((referee._tablename,referee.name))
def _filter_fields(self, record, id=False):
return dict([(k, v) for (k, v) in record.items() if k
in self.fields and (self[k].type!='id' or id)])
def _build_query(self,key):
""" for keyed table only """
query = None
for k,v in key.iteritems():
if k in self._primarykey:
if query:
query = query & (self[k] == v)
else:
query = (self[k] == v)
else:
raise SyntaxError, \
'Field %s is not part of the primary key of %s' % \
(k,self._tablename)
return query
def __getitem__(self, key):
if not key:
return None
elif isinstance(key, dict):
""" for keyed table """
query = self._build_query(key)
rows = self._db(query).select()
if rows:
return rows[0]
return None
elif str(key).isdigit():
return self._db(self._id == key).select(limitby=(0,1)).first()
elif key:
return dict.__getitem__(self, str(key))
def __call__(self, key=DEFAULT, **kwargs):
if key!=DEFAULT:
if isinstance(key, Query):
record = self._db(key).select(limitby=(0,1)).first()
elif not str(key).isdigit():
record = None
else:
record = self._db(self._id == key).select(limitby=(0,1)).first()
if record:
for k,v in kwargs.items():
if record[k]!=v: return None
return record
elif kwargs:
query = reduce(lambda a,b:a&b,[self[k]==v for k,v in kwargs.items()])
return self._db(query).select(limitby=(0,1)).first()
else:
return None
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if isinstance(key, dict) and isinstance(value, dict):
""" option for keyed table """
if set(key.keys()) == set(self._primarykey):
value = self._filter_fields(value)
kv = {}
kv.update(value)
kv.update(key)
if not self.insert(**kv):
query = self._build_query(key)
self._db(query).update(**self._filter_fields(value))
else:
raise SyntaxError,\
'key must have all fields from primary key: %s'%\
(self._primarykey)
elif str(key).isdigit():
if key == 0:
self.insert(**self._filter_fields(value))
elif not self._db(self._id == key)\
.update(**self._filter_fields(value)):
raise SyntaxError, 'No such record: %s' % key
else:
if isinstance(key, dict):
raise SyntaxError,\
'value must be a dictionary: %s' % value
dict.__setitem__(self, str(key), value)
def __delitem__(self, key):
if isinstance(key, dict):
query = self._build_query(key)
if not self._db(query).delete():
raise SyntaxError, 'No such record: %s' % key
elif not str(key).isdigit() or not self._db(self._id == key).delete():
raise SyntaxError, 'No such record: %s' % key
def __getattr__(self, key):
return self[key]
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key in self:
raise SyntaxError, 'Object exists and cannot be redefined: %s' % key
self[key] = value
def __iter__(self):
for fieldname in self.fields:
yield self[fieldname]
def __repr__(self):
return '<Table ' + dict.__repr__(self) + '>'
def __str__(self):
if self.get('_ot', None):
return '%s AS %s' % (self._ot, self._tablename)
return self._tablename
def _drop(self, mode = ''):
return self._db._adapter._drop(self, mode)
def drop(self, mode = ''):
return self._db._adapter.drop(self,mode)
def _listify(self,fields,update=False):
new_fields = []
new_fields_names = []
for name in fields:
if not name in self.fields:
if name != 'id':
raise SyntaxError, 'Field %s does not belong to the table' % name
else:
new_fields.append((self[name],fields[name]))
new_fields_names.append(name)
for ofield in self:
if not ofield.name in new_fields_names:
if not update and not ofield.default is None:
new_fields.append((ofield,ofield.default))
elif update and not ofield.update is None:
new_fields.append((ofield,ofield.update))
for ofield in self:
if not ofield.name in new_fields_names and ofield.compute:
try:
new_fields.append((ofield,ofield.compute(Row(fields))))
except KeyError:
pass
if not update and ofield.required and not ofield.name in new_fields_names:
raise SyntaxError,'Table: missing required field: %s' % ofield.name
return new_fields
def _insert(self, **fields):
return self._db._adapter._insert(self,self._listify(fields))
def insert(self, **fields):
return self._db._adapter.insert(self,self._listify(fields))
def validate_and_insert(self,**fields):
response = Row()
response.errors = self._validate(**fields)
if not response.errors:
response.id = self.insert(**fields)
else:
response.id = None
return response
def update_or_insert(self, key=DEFAULT, **values):
if key==DEFAULT:
record = self(**values)
else:
record = self(key)
if record:
record.update_record(**values)
newid = None
else:
newid = self.insert(**values)
return newid
def bulk_insert(self, items):
"""
here items is a list of dictionaries
"""
items = [self._listify(item) for item in items]
return self._db._adapter.bulk_insert(self,items)
def _truncate(self, mode = None):
return self._db._adapter._truncate(self, mode)
def truncate(self, mode = None):
return self._db._adapter.truncate(self, mode)
def import_from_csv_file(
self,
csvfile,
id_map=None,
null='<NULL>',
unique='uuid',
*args, **kwargs
):
"""
import records from csv file. Column headers must have same names as
table fields. field 'id' is ignored. If column names read 'table.file'
the 'table.' prefix is ignored.
'unique' argument is a field which must be unique
(typically a uuid field)
"""
delimiter = kwargs.get('delimiter', ',')
quotechar = kwargs.get('quotechar', '"')
quoting = kwargs.get('quoting', csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=delimiter, quotechar=quotechar, quoting=quoting)
colnames = None
if isinstance(id_map, dict):
if not self._tablename in id_map:
id_map[self._tablename] = {}
id_map_self = id_map[self._tablename]
def fix(field, value, id_map):
list_reference_s='list:reference'
if value == null:
value = None
elif field.type=='blob':
value = base64.b64decode(value)
elif field.type=='double':
if not value.strip():
value = None
else:
value = float(value)
elif field.type=='integer':
if not value.strip():
value = None
else:
value = int(value)
elif field.type.startswith('list:string'):
value = bar_decode_string(value)
elif field.type.startswith(list_reference_s):
ref_table = field.type[len(list_reference_s):].strip()
value = [id_map[ref_table][int(v)] \
for v in bar_decode_string(value)]
elif field.type.startswith('list:'):
value = bar_decode_integer(value)
elif id_map and field.type.startswith('reference'):
try:
value = id_map[field.type[9:].strip()][value]
except KeyError:
pass
return (field.name, value)
def is_id(colname):
if colname in self:
return self[colname].type == 'id'
else:
return False
for line in reader:
if not line:
break
if not colnames:
colnames = [x.split('.',1)[-1] for x in line][:len(line)]
cols, cid = [], []
for i,colname in enumerate(colnames):
if is_id(colname):
cid = i
else:
cols.append(i)
if colname == unique:
unique_idx = i
else:
items = [fix(self[colnames[i]], line[i], id_map) \
for i in cols if colnames[i] in self.fields]
# Validation. Check for duplicate of 'unique' &,
# if present, update instead of insert.
if not unique or unique not in colnames:
new_id = self.insert(**dict(items))
else:
unique_value = line[unique_idx]
query = self._db[self][unique] == unique_value
record = self._db(query).select().first()
if record:
record.update_record(**dict(items))
new_id = record[self._id.name]
else:
new_id = self.insert(**dict(items))
if id_map and cid != []:
id_map_self[int(line[cid])] = new_id
def with_alias(self, alias):
return self._db._adapter.alias(self,alias)
def on(self, query):
return Expression(self._db,self._db._adapter.ON,self,query)
class Expression(object):
def __init__(
self,
db,
op,
first=None,
second=None,
type=None,
):
self.db = db
self.op = op
self.first = first
self.second = second
### self._tablename = first._tablename ## CHECK
if not type and first and hasattr(first,'type'):
self.type = first.type
else:
self.type = type
def sum(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.AGGREGATE, self, 'SUM', self.type)
def max(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.AGGREGATE, self, 'MAX', self.type)
def min(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.AGGREGATE, self, 'MIN', self.type)
def len(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.AGGREGATE, self, 'LENGTH', 'integer')
def lower(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.LOWER, self, None, self.type)
def upper(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.UPPER, self, None, self.type)
def year(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.EXTRACT, self, 'year', 'integer')
def month(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.EXTRACT, self, 'month', 'integer')
def day(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.EXTRACT, self, 'day', 'integer')
def hour(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.EXTRACT, self, 'hour', 'integer')
def minutes(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.EXTRACT, self, 'minute', 'integer')
def coalesce(self,*others):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.COALESCE, self, others, self.type)
def coalesce_zero(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.COALESCE_ZERO, self, None, self.type)
def seconds(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.EXTRACT, self, 'second', 'integer')
def __getslice__(self, start, stop):
if start < 0:
pos0 = '(%s - %d)' % (self.len(), abs(start) - 1)
else:
pos0 = start + 1
if stop < 0:
length = '(%s - %d - %s)' % (self.len(), abs(stop) - 1, pos0)
elif stop == sys.maxint:
length = self.len()
else:
length = '(%s - %s)' % (stop + 1, pos0)
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.SUBSTRING,
self, (pos0, length), self.type)
def __getitem__(self, i):
return self[i:i + 1]
def __str__(self):
return self.db._adapter.expand(self,self.type)
def __or__(self, other): # for use in sortby
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.COMMA,self,other,self.type)
def __invert__(self):
if hasattr(self,'_op') and self.op == self.db._adapter.INVERT:
return self.first
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.INVERT,self,type=self.type)
def __add__(self, other):
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.ADD,self,other,self.type)
def __sub__(self, other):
if self.type == 'integer':
result_type = 'integer'
elif self.type in ['date','time','datetime','double']:
result_type = 'double'
else:
raise SyntaxError, "subtraction operation not supported for type"
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.SUB,self,other,
result_type)
def __mul__(self, other):
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.MUL,self,other,self.type)
def __div__(self, other):
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.DIV,self,other,self.type)
def __mod__(self, other):
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.MOD,self,other,self.type)
def __eq__(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.EQ, self, value)
def __ne__(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.NE, self, value)
def __lt__(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.LT, self, value)
def __le__(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.LE, self, value)
def __gt__(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.GT, self, value)
def __ge__(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.GE, self, value)
def like(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.LIKE, self, value)
def belongs(self, value):
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.BELONGS, self, value)
def startswith(self, value):
if not self.type in ('string', 'text'):
raise SyntaxError, "startswith used with incompatible field type"
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.STARTSWITH, self, value)
def endswith(self, value):
if not self.type in ('string', 'text'):
raise SyntaxError, "endswith used with incompatible field type"
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.ENDSWITH, self, value)
def contains(self, value, all=False):
if isinstance(value,(list,tuple)):
subqueries = [self.contains(str(v).strip()) for v in value if str(v).strip()]
return reduce(all and AND or OR, subqueries)
if not self.type in ('string', 'text') and not self.type.startswith('list:'):
raise SyntaxError, "contains used with incompatible field type"
return Query(self.db, self.db._adapter.CONTAINS, self, value)
def with_alias(self,alias):
return Expression(self.db,self.db._adapter.AS,self,alias,self.type)
# for use in both Query and sortby
class SQLCustomType(object):
"""
allows defining of custom SQL types
Example::
decimal = SQLCustomType(
type ='double',
native ='integer',
encoder =(lambda x: int(float(x) * 100)),
decoder = (lambda x: Decimal("0.00") + Decimal(str(float(x)/100)) )
)
db.define_table(
'example',
Field('value', type=decimal)
)
:param type: the web2py type (default = 'string')
:param native: the backend type
:param encoder: how to encode the value to store it in the backend
:param decoder: how to decode the value retrieved from the backend
:param validator: what validators to use ( default = None, will use the
default validator for type)
"""
def __init__(
self,
type='string',
native=None,
encoder=None,
decoder=None,
validator=None,
_class=None,
):
self.type = type
self.native = native
self.encoder = encoder or (lambda x: x)
self.decoder = decoder or (lambda x: x)
self.validator = validator
self._class = _class or type
def startswith(self, dummy=None):
return False
def __getslice__(self, a=0, b=100):
return None
def __getitem__(self, i):
return None
def __str__(self):
return self._class
class FieldVirtual(object):
def __init__(self,f):
self.f = f
class FieldLazy(object):
def __init__(self,f,handler=None):
self.f = f
self.handler = handler
class Field(Expression):
Virtual = FieldVirtual
Lazy = FieldLazy
"""
an instance of this class represents a database field
example::
a = Field(name, 'string', length=32, default=None, required=False,
requires=IS_NOT_EMPTY(), ondelete='CASCADE',
notnull=False, unique=False,
uploadfield=True, widget=None, label=None, comment=None,
uploadfield=True, # True means store on disk,
# 'a_field_name' means store in this field in db
# False means file content will be discarded.
writable=True, readable=True, update=None, authorize=None,
autodelete=False, represent=None, uploadfolder=None,
uploadseparate=False # upload to separate directories by uuid_keys
# first 2 character and tablename.fieldname
# False - old behavior
# True - put uploaded file in
# <uploaddir>/<tablename>.<fieldname>/uuid_key[:2]
# directory)
to be used as argument of DAL.define_table
allowed field types:
string, boolean, integer, double, text, blob,
date, time, datetime, upload, password
strings must have a length of Adapter.maxcharlength by default (512 or 255 for mysql)
fields should have a default or they will be required in SQLFORMs
the requires argument is used to validate the field input in SQLFORMs
"""
def __init__(
self,
fieldname,
type='string',
length=None,
default=DEFAULT,
required=False,
requires=DEFAULT,
ondelete='CASCADE',
notnull=False,
unique=False,
uploadfield=True,
widget=None,
label=DEFAULT,
comment=None,
writable=True,
readable=True,
update=None,
authorize=None,
autodelete=False,
represent=None,
uploadfolder=None,
uploadseparate=False,
compute=None,
custom_store=None,
custom_retrieve=None,
custom_delete=None,
):
self.db = None
self.op = None
self.first = None
self.second = None
if not isinstance(fieldname,str):
raise SyntaxError, "missing field name"
if fieldname.startswith(':'):
fieldname,readable,writable=fieldname[1:],False,False
elif fieldname.startswith('.'):
fieldname,readable,writable=fieldname[1:],False,False
if '=' in fieldname:
fieldname,default = fieldname.split('=',1)
self.name = fieldname = cleanup(fieldname)
if hasattr(Table,fieldname) or fieldname[0] == '_' or \
regex_python_keywords.match(fieldname):
raise SyntaxError, 'Field: invalid field name: %s' % fieldname
if isinstance(type, Table):
type = 'reference ' + type._tablename
self.type = type # 'string', 'integer'
self.length = (length is None) and DEFAULTLENGTH.get(type,512) or length
if default==DEFAULT:
self.default = update or None
else:
self.default = default
self.required = required # is this field required
self.ondelete = ondelete.upper() # this is for reference fields only
self.notnull = notnull
self.unique = unique
self.uploadfield = uploadfield
self.uploadfolder = uploadfolder
self.uploadseparate = uploadseparate
self.widget = widget
if label == DEFAULT:
self.label = ' '.join(i.capitalize() for i in fieldname.split('_'))
else:
self.label = label or ''
self.comment = comment
self.writable = writable
self.readable = readable
self.update = update
self.authorize = authorize
self.autodelete = autodelete
if not represent and type in ('list:integer','list:string'):
represent=lambda x,r=None: ', '.join(str(y) for y in x or [])
self.represent = represent
self.compute = compute
self.isattachment = True
self.custom_store = custom_store
self.custom_retrieve = custom_retrieve
self.custom_delete = custom_delete
if self.label is None:
self.label = ' '.join([x.capitalize() for x in
fieldname.split('_')])
if requires is None:
self.requires = []
else:
self.requires = requires
def store(self, file, filename=None, path=None):
if self.custom_store:
return self.custom_store(file,filename,path)
if not filename:
filename = file.name
filename = os.path.basename(filename.replace('/', os.sep)\
.replace('\\', os.sep))
m = re.compile('\.(?P<e>\w{1,5})$').search(filename)
extension = m and m.group('e') or 'txt'
uuid_key = web2py_uuid().replace('-', '')[-16:]
encoded_filename = base64.b16encode(filename).lower()
newfilename = '%s.%s.%s.%s' % \
(self._tablename, self.name, uuid_key, encoded_filename)
newfilename = newfilename[:200] + '.' + extension
if isinstance(self.uploadfield,Field):
blob_uploadfield_name = self.uploadfield.uploadfield
keys={self.uploadfield.name: newfilename,
blob_uploadfield_name: file.read()}
self.uploadfield.table.insert(**keys)
elif self.uploadfield == True:
if path:
pass
elif self.uploadfolder:
path = self.uploadfolder
elif self.db._adapter.folder:
path = os.path.join(self.db._adapter.folder, '..', 'uploads')
else:
raise RuntimeError, "you must specify a Field(...,uploadfolder=...)"
if self.uploadseparate:
path = os.path.join(path,"%s.%s" % (self._tablename, self.name),uuid_key[:2])
if not os.path.exists(path):
os.makedirs(path)
pathfilename = os.path.join(path, newfilename)
dest_file = open(pathfilename, 'wb')
try:
shutil.copyfileobj(file, dest_file)
finally:
dest_file.close()
return newfilename
def retrieve(self, name, path=None):
if self.custom_retrieve:
return self.custom_retrieve(name, path)
import http
if self.authorize or isinstance(self.uploadfield, str):
row = self.db(self == name).select().first()
if not row:
raise http.HTTP(404)
if self.authorize and not self.authorize(row):
raise http.HTTP(403)
try:
m = regex_content.match(name)
if not m or not self.isattachment:
raise TypeError, 'Can\'t retrieve %s' % name
filename = base64.b16decode(m.group('name'), True)
filename = regex_cleanup_fn.sub('_', filename)
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
filename = name
if isinstance(self.uploadfield, str): # ## if file is in DB
return (filename, cStringIO.StringIO(row[self.uploadfield] or ''))
elif isinstance(self.uploadfield,Field):
blob_uploadfield_name = self.uploadfield.uploadfield
query = self.uploadfield == name
data = self.uploadfield.table(query)[blob_uploadfield_name]
return (filename, cStringIO.StringIO(data))
else:
# ## if file is on filesystem
if path:
pass
elif self.uploadfolder:
path = self.uploadfolder
else:
path = os.path.join(self.db._adapter.folder, '..', 'uploads')
if self.uploadseparate:
t = m.group('table')
f = m.group('field')
u = m.group('uuidkey')
path = os.path.join(path,"%s.%s" % (t,f),u[:2])
return (filename, open(os.path.join(path, name), 'rb'))
def formatter(self, value):
if value is None or not self.requires:
return value
if not isinstance(self.requires, (list, tuple)):
requires = [self.requires]
elif isinstance(self.requires, tuple):
requires = list(self.requires)
else:
requires = copy.copy(self.requires)
requires.reverse()
for item in requires:
if hasattr(item, 'formatter'):
value = item.formatter(value)
return value
def validate(self, value):
if not self.requires:
return (value, None)
requires = self.requires
if not isinstance(requires, (list, tuple)):
requires = [requires]
for validator in requires:
(value, error) = validator(value)
if error:
return (value, error)
return (value, None)
def count(self):
return Expression(self.db, self.db._adapter.AGGREGATE, self, 'COUNT', 'integer')
def __nonzero__(self):
return True
def __str__(self):
try:
return '%s.%s' % (self.tablename, self.name)
except:
return '<no table>.%s' % self.name
def raw(s): return Expression(None,s)
class Query(object):
"""
a query object necessary to define a set.
it can be stored or can be passed to DAL.__call__() to obtain a Set
Example::
query = db.users.name=='Max'
set = db(query)
records = set.select()
"""
def __init__(
self,
db,
op,
first=None,
second=None,
):
self.db = self._db = db
self.op = op
self.first = first
self.second = second
def __str__(self):
return self.db._adapter.expand(self)
def __and__(self, other):
return Query(self.db,self.db._adapter.AND,self,other)
def __or__(self, other):
return Query(self.db,self.db._adapter.OR,self,other)
def __invert__(self):
if self.op==self.db._adapter.NOT:
return self.first
return Query(self.db,self.db._adapter.NOT,self)
regex_quotes = re.compile("'[^']*'")
def xorify(orderby):
if not orderby:
return None
orderby2 = orderby[0]
for item in orderby[1:]:
orderby2 = orderby2 | item
return orderby2
class Set(object):
"""
a Set represents a set of records in the database,
the records are identified by the query=Query(...) object.
normally the Set is generated by DAL.__call__(Query(...))
given a set, for example
set = db(db.users.name=='Max')
you can:
set.update(db.users.name='Massimo')
set.delete() # all elements in the set
set.select(orderby=db.users.id, groupby=db.users.name, limitby=(0,10))
and take subsets:
subset = set(db.users.id<5)
"""
def __init__(self, db, query):
self.db = db
self._db = db # for backward compatibility
self.query = query
def __call__(self, query):
if isinstance(query,Table):
query = query._id>0
elif isinstance(query,str):
query = raw(query)
elif isinstance(query,Field):
query = query!=None
if self.query:
return Set(self.db, self.query & query)
else:
return Set(self.db, query)
def _count(self,distinct=None):
return self.db._adapter._count(self.query,distinct)
def _select(self, *fields, **attributes):
return self.db._adapter._select(self.query,fields,attributes)
def _delete(self):
tablename=self.db._adapter.get_table(self.query)
return self.db._adapter._delete(tablename,self.query)
def _update(self, **update_fields):
tablename = self.db._adapter.get_table(self.query)
fields = self.db[tablename]._listify(update_fields,update=True)
return self.db._adapter._update(tablename,self.query,fields)
def isempty(self):
return not self.select(limitby=(0,1))
def count(self,distinct=None):
return self.db._adapter.count(self.query,distinct)
def select(self, *fields, **attributes):
return self.db._adapter.select(self.query,fields,attributes)
def delete(self):
tablename=self.db._adapter.get_table(self.query)
self.delete_uploaded_files()
return self.db._adapter.delete(tablename,self.query)
def update(self, **update_fields):
tablename = self.db._adapter.get_table(self.query)
fields = self.db[tablename]._listify(update_fields,update=True)
if not fields:
raise SyntaxError, "No fields to update"
self.delete_uploaded_files(update_fields)
return self.db._adapter.update(tablename,self.query,fields)
def validate_and_update(self, **update_fields):
tablename = self.db._adapter.get_table(self.query)
response = Row()
response.errors = self.db[tablename]._validate(**update_fields)
fields = self.db[tablename]._listify(update_fields,update=True)
if not fields:
raise SyntaxError, "No fields to update"
self.delete_uploaded_files(update_fields)
if not response.errors:
response.updated = self.db._adapter.update(tablename,self.query,fields)
else:
response.updated = None
return response
def delete_uploaded_files(self, upload_fields=None):
table = self.db[self.db._adapter.tables(self.query)[0]]
# ## mind uploadfield==True means file is not in DB
if upload_fields:
fields = upload_fields.keys()
else:
fields = table.fields
fields = [f for f in fields if table[f].type == 'upload'
and table[f].uploadfield == True
and table[f].autodelete]
if not fields:
return
for record in self.select(*[table[f] for f in fields]):
for fieldname in fields:
field = table[fieldname]
oldname = record.get(fieldname, None)
if not oldname:
continue
if upload_fields and oldname == upload_fields[fieldname]:
continue
if field.custom_delete:
field.custom_delete(oldname)
else:
uploadfolder = field.uploadfolder
if not uploadfolder:
uploadfolder = os.path.join(self.db._adapter.folder, '..', 'uploads')
if field.uploadseparate:
items = oldname.split('.')
uploadfolder = os.path.join(uploadfolder,
"%s.%s" % (items[0], items[1]),
items[2][:2])
oldpath = os.path.join(uploadfolder, oldname)
if os.path.exists(oldpath):
os.unlink(oldpath)
def update_record(pack, a=None):
(colset, table, id) = pack
b = a or dict(colset)
c = dict([(k,v) for (k,v) in b.items() if k in table.fields and table[k].type!='id'])
table._db(table._id==id).update(**c)
for (k, v) in c.items():
colset[k] = v
class VirtualCommand(object):
def __init__(self,method,row):
self.method=method
#self.instance=instance
self.row=row
def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
return self.method(self.row,*args,**kwargs)
def lazy_virtualfield(f):
f.__lazy__ = True
return f
class Rows(object):
"""
A wrapper for the return value of a select. It basically represents a table.
It has an iterator and each row is represented as a dictionary.
"""
# ## TODO: this class still needs some work to care for ID/OID
def __init__(
self,
db=None,
records=[],
colnames=[],
compact=True,
rawrows=None
):
self.db = db
self.records = records
self.colnames = colnames
self.compact = compact
self.response = rawrows
def setvirtualfields(self,**keyed_virtualfields):
"""
db.define_table('x',Field('number','integer'))
if db(db.x).isempty(): [db.x.insert(number=i) for i in range(10)]
from gluon.dal import lazy_virtualfield
class MyVirtualFields(object):
# normal virtual field (backward compatible, discouraged)
def normal_shift(self): return self.x.number+1
# lazy virtual field (because of @staticmethod)
@lazy_virtualfield
def lazy_shift(instance,row,delta=4): return row.x.number+delta
db.x.virtualfields.append(MyVirtualFields())
for row in db(db.x).select():
print row.number, row.normal_shift, row.lazy_shift(delta=7)
"""
if not keyed_virtualfields:
return self
for row in self.records:
for (tablename,virtualfields) in keyed_virtualfields.items():
attributes = dir(virtualfields)
if not tablename in row:
box = row[tablename] = Row()
else:
box = row[tablename]
updated = False
for attribute in attributes:
if attribute[0] != '_':
method = getattr(virtualfields,attribute)
if hasattr(method,'__lazy__'):
box[attribute]=VirtualCommand(method,row)
elif type(method)==types.MethodType:
if not updated:
virtualfields.__dict__.update(row)
updated = True
box[attribute]=method()
return self
def __and__(self,other):
if self.colnames!=other.colnames: raise Exception, 'Cannot & incompatible Rows objects'
records = self.records+other.records
return Rows(self.db,records,self.colnames)
def __or__(self,other):
if self.colnames!=other.colnames: raise Exception, 'Cannot | incompatible Rows objects'
records = self.records
records += [record for record in other.records \
if not record in records]
return Rows(self.db,records,self.colnames)
def __nonzero__(self):
if len(self.records):
return 1
return 0
def __len__(self):
return len(self.records)
def __getslice__(self, a, b):
return Rows(self.db,self.records[a:b],self.colnames)
def __getitem__(self, i):
row = self.records[i]
keys = row.keys()
if self.compact and len(keys) == 1 and keys[0] != '_extra':
return row[row.keys()[0]]
return row
def __iter__(self):
"""
iterator over records
"""
for i in xrange(len(self)):
yield self[i]
def __str__(self):
"""
serializes the table into a csv file
"""
s = cStringIO.StringIO()
self.export_to_csv_file(s)
return s.getvalue()
def first(self):
if not self.records:
return None
return self[0]
def last(self):
if not self.records:
return None
return self[-1]
def find(self,f):
"""
returns a new Rows object, a subset of the original object,
filtered by the function f
"""
if not self.records:
return Rows(self.db, [], self.colnames)
records = []
for i in range(0,len(self)):
row = self[i]
if f(row):
records.append(self.records[i])
return Rows(self.db, records, self.colnames)
def exclude(self, f):
"""
removes elements from the calling Rows object, filtered by the function f,
and returns a new Rows object containing the removed elements
"""
if not self.records:
return Rows(self.db, [], self.colnames)
removed = []
i=0
while i<len(self):
row = self[i]
if f(row):
removed.append(self.records[i])
del self.records[i]
else:
i += 1
return Rows(self.db, removed, self.colnames)
def sort(self, f, reverse=False):
"""
returns a list of sorted elements (not sorted in place)
"""
return Rows(self.db,sorted(self,key=f,reverse=reverse),self.colnames)
def as_list(self,
compact=True,
storage_to_dict=True,
datetime_to_str=True):
"""
returns the data as a list or dictionary.
:param storage_to_dict: when True returns a dict, otherwise a list(default True)
:param datetime_to_str: convert datetime fields as strings (default True)
"""
(oc, self.compact) = (self.compact, compact)
if storage_to_dict:
items = [item.as_dict(datetime_to_str) for item in self]
else:
items = [item for item in self]
self.compact = compact
return items
def as_dict(self,
key='id',
compact=True,
storage_to_dict=True,
datetime_to_str=True):
"""
returns the data as a dictionary of dictionaries (storage_to_dict=True) or records (False)
:param key: the name of the field to be used as dict key, normally the id
:param compact: ? (default True)
:param storage_to_dict: when True returns a dict, otherwise a list(default True)
:param datetime_to_str: convert datetime fields as strings (default True)
"""
rows = self.as_list(compact, storage_to_dict, datetime_to_str)
if isinstance(key,str) and key.count('.')==1:
(table, field) = key.split('.')
return dict([(r[table][field],r) for r in rows])
elif isinstance(key,str):
return dict([(r[key],r) for r in rows])
else:
return dict([(key(r),r) for r in rows])
def export_to_csv_file(self, ofile, null='<NULL>', *args, **kwargs):
"""
export data to csv, the first line contains the column names
:param ofile: where the csv must be exported to
:param null: how null values must be represented (default '<NULL>')
:param delimiter: delimiter to separate values (default ',')
:param quotechar: character to use to quote string values (default '"')
:param quoting: quote system, use csv.QUOTE_*** (default csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
:param represent: use the fields .represent value (default False)
:param colnames: list of column names to use (default self.colnames)
This will only work when exporting rows objects!!!!
DO NOT use this with db.export_to_csv()
"""
delimiter = kwargs.get('delimiter', ',')
quotechar = kwargs.get('quotechar', '"')
quoting = kwargs.get('quoting', csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
represent = kwargs.get('represent', False)
writer = csv.writer(ofile, delimiter=delimiter,
quotechar=quotechar, quoting=quoting)
colnames = kwargs.get('colnames', self.colnames)
# a proper csv starting with the column names
writer.writerow(colnames)
def none_exception(value):
"""
returns a cleaned up value that can be used for csv export:
- unicode text is encoded as such
- None values are replaced with the given representation (default <NULL>)
"""
if value is None:
return null
elif isinstance(value, unicode):
return value.encode('utf8')
elif isinstance(value,Reference):
return int(value)
elif hasattr(value, 'isoformat'):
return value.isoformat()[:19].replace('T', ' ')
elif isinstance(value, (list,tuple)): # for type='list:..'
return bar_encode(value)
return value
for record in self:
row = []
for col in colnames:
if not table_field.match(col):
row.append(record._extra[col])
else:
(t, f) = col.split('.')
field = self.db[t][f]
if isinstance(record.get(t, None), (Row,dict)):
value = record[t][f]
else:
value = record[f]
if field.type=='blob' and not value is None:
value = base64.b64encode(value)
elif represent and field.represent:
value = field.represent(value)
row.append(none_exception(value))
writer.writerow(row)
def xml(self):
"""
serializes the table using sqlhtml.SQLTABLE (if present)
"""
import sqlhtml
return sqlhtml.SQLTABLE(self).xml()
def json(self, mode='object', default=None):
"""
serializes the table to a JSON list of objects
"""
mode = mode.lower()
if not mode in ['object', 'array']:
raise SyntaxError, 'Invalid JSON serialization mode: %s' % mode
def inner_loop(record, col):
(t, f) = col.split('.')
res = None
if not table_field.match(col):
key = col
res = record._extra[col]
else:
key = f
if isinstance(record.get(t, None), Row):
res = record[t][f]
else:
res = record[f]
if mode == 'object':
return (key, res)
else:
return res
if mode == 'object':
items = [dict([inner_loop(record, col) for col in
self.colnames]) for record in self]
else:
items = [[inner_loop(record, col) for col in self.colnames]
for record in self]
if have_serializers:
return serializers.json(items,default=default or serializers.custom_json)
else:
import simplejson
return simplejson.dumps(items)
def Rows_unpickler(data):
return cPickle.loads(data)
def Rows_pickler(data):
return Rows_unpickler, \
(cPickle.dumps(data.as_list(storage_to_dict=True,
datetime_to_str=False)),)
copy_reg.pickle(Rows, Rows_pickler, Rows_unpickler)
################################################################################
# dummy function used to define some doctests
################################################################################
def test_all():
"""
>>> if len(sys.argv)<2: db = DAL(\"sqlite://test.db\")
>>> if len(sys.argv)>1: db = DAL(sys.argv[1])
>>> tmp = db.define_table('users',\
Field('stringf', 'string', length=32, required=True),\
Field('booleanf', 'boolean', default=False),\
Field('passwordf', 'password', notnull=True),\
Field('uploadf', 'upload'),\
Field('blobf', 'blob'),\
Field('integerf', 'integer', unique=True),\
Field('doublef', 'double', unique=True,notnull=True),\
Field('datef', 'date', default=datetime.date.today()),\
Field('timef', 'time'),\
Field('datetimef', 'datetime'),\
migrate='test_user.table')
Insert a field
>>> db.users.insert(stringf='a', booleanf=True, passwordf='p', blobf='0A',\
uploadf=None, integerf=5, doublef=3.14,\
datef=datetime.date(2001, 1, 1),\
timef=datetime.time(12, 30, 15),\
datetimef=datetime.datetime(2002, 2, 2, 12, 30, 15))
1
Drop the table
>>> db.users.drop()
Examples of insert, select, update, delete
>>> tmp = db.define_table('person',\
Field('name'),\
Field('birth','date'),\
migrate='test_person.table')
>>> person_id = db.person.insert(name=\"Marco\",birth='2005-06-22')
>>> person_id = db.person.insert(name=\"Massimo\",birth='1971-12-21')
commented len(db().select(db.person.ALL))
commented 2
>>> me = db(db.person.id==person_id).select()[0] # test select
>>> me.name
'Massimo'
>>> db(db.person.name=='Massimo').update(name='massimo') # test update
1
>>> db(db.person.name=='Marco').select().first().delete_record() # test delete
1
Update a single record
>>> me.update_record(name=\"Max\")
>>> me.name
'Max'
Examples of complex search conditions
>>> len(db((db.person.name=='Max')&(db.person.birth<'2003-01-01')).select())
1
>>> len(db((db.person.name=='Max')&(db.person.birth<datetime.date(2003,01,01))).select())
1
>>> len(db((db.person.name=='Max')|(db.person.birth<'2003-01-01')).select())
1
>>> me = db(db.person.id==person_id).select(db.person.name)[0]
>>> me.name
'Max'
Examples of search conditions using extract from date/datetime/time
>>> len(db(db.person.birth.month()==12).select())
1
>>> len(db(db.person.birth.year()>1900).select())
1
Example of usage of NULL
>>> len(db(db.person.birth==None).select()) ### test NULL
0
>>> len(db(db.person.birth!=None).select()) ### test NULL
1
Examples of search conditions using lower, upper, and like
>>> len(db(db.person.name.upper()=='MAX').select())
1
>>> len(db(db.person.name.like('%ax')).select())
1
>>> len(db(db.person.name.upper().like('%AX')).select())
1
>>> len(db(~db.person.name.upper().like('%AX')).select())
0
orderby, groupby and limitby
>>> people = db().select(db.person.name, orderby=db.person.name)
>>> order = db.person.name|~db.person.birth
>>> people = db().select(db.person.name, orderby=order)
>>> people = db().select(db.person.name, orderby=db.person.name, groupby=db.person.name)
>>> people = db().select(db.person.name, orderby=order, limitby=(0,100))
Example of one 2 many relation
>>> tmp = db.define_table('dog',\
Field('name'),\
Field('birth','date'),\
Field('owner',db.person),\
migrate='test_dog.table')
>>> db.dog.insert(name='Snoopy', birth=None, owner=person_id)
1
A simple JOIN
>>> len(db(db.dog.owner==db.person.id).select())
1
>>> len(db().select(db.person.ALL, db.dog.name,left=db.dog.on(db.dog.owner==db.person.id)))
1
Drop tables
>>> db.dog.drop()
>>> db.person.drop()
Example of many 2 many relation and Set
>>> tmp = db.define_table('author', Field('name'),\
migrate='test_author.table')
>>> tmp = db.define_table('paper', Field('title'),\
migrate='test_paper.table')
>>> tmp = db.define_table('authorship',\
Field('author_id', db.author),\
Field('paper_id', db.paper),\
migrate='test_authorship.table')
>>> aid = db.author.insert(name='Massimo')
>>> pid = db.paper.insert(title='QCD')
>>> tmp = db.authorship.insert(author_id=aid, paper_id=pid)
Define a Set
>>> authored_papers = db((db.author.id==db.authorship.author_id)&(db.paper.id==db.authorship.paper_id))
>>> rows = authored_papers.select(db.author.name, db.paper.title)
>>> for row in rows: print row.author.name, row.paper.title
Massimo QCD
Example of search condition using belongs
>>> set = (1, 2, 3)
>>> rows = db(db.paper.id.belongs(set)).select(db.paper.ALL)
>>> print rows[0].title
QCD
Example of search condition using nested select
>>> nested_select = db()._select(db.authorship.paper_id)
>>> rows = db(db.paper.id.belongs(nested_select)).select(db.paper.ALL)
>>> print rows[0].title
QCD
Example of expressions
>>> mynumber = db.define_table('mynumber', Field('x', 'integer'))
>>> db(mynumber.id>0).delete()
0
>>> for i in range(10): tmp = mynumber.insert(x=i)
>>> db(mynumber.id>0).select(mynumber.x.sum())[0](mynumber.x.sum())
45
>>> db(mynumber.x+2==5).select(mynumber.x + 2)[0](mynumber.x + 2)
5
Output in csv
>>> print str(authored_papers.select(db.author.name, db.paper.title)).strip()
author.name,paper.title\r
Massimo,QCD
Delete all leftover tables
>>> DAL.distributed_transaction_commit(db)
>>> db.mynumber.drop()
>>> db.authorship.drop()
>>> db.author.drop()
>>> db.paper.drop()
"""
################################################################################
# deprecated since the new DAL; here only for backward compatibility
################################################################################
SQLField = Field
SQLTable = Table
SQLXorable = Expression
SQLQuery = Query
SQLSet = Set
SQLRows = Rows
SQLStorage = Row
SQLDB = DAL
GQLDB = DAL
DAL.Field = Field # was necessary in gluon/globals.py session.connect
DAL.Table = Table # was necessary in gluon/globals.py session.connect
################################################################################
# run tests
################################################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()