Changes On Branch 4fe28f11ac4264be

Changes In Branch bpe Excluding Merge-Ins

This is equivalent to a diff from 129d90b4a8 to 4fe28f11ac

2014-12-28
17:19
Integrate ioutil.ReadByte from the bpe branch into trunk. check-in: 00c4e0e448 user: spaskalev tags: trunk
17:16
Closing the branch, this particular implementation is unfruitfull :) Closed-Leaf check-in: 4fe28f11ac user: spaskalev tags: bpe
15:54
a testable bpe implementation that encodes and decodes in a single execution check-in: a06f897887 user: spaskalev tags: bpe
11:33
Adding initial pieces of a prototype byte pair encoder check-in: 7f9a25c94d user: spaskalev tags: bpe
2014-12-26
21:35
Added 0dev.org/types, providing aliases that implement sort.Interface for [u]int{8|16|32|64} check-in: 129d90b4a8 user: spaskalev tags: trunk
16:02
Initial implementation of commands/mtf (based on commands/pdc) check-in: e72b637df4 user: spaskalev tags: trunk

Added src/0dev.org/commands/short/main.go version [0cc7fcc383].



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
package main

import (
	iou "0dev.org/ioutil"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	// "io/ioutil"
	"bytes"
	"os"
	"sort"
)

func main() {
	f, err := os.Open(os.Args[1])
	if err != nil {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Unable to open input file. " + err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	pairs, symbols := analyze(f)
	_, err = f.Seek(0, 0)
	if err != nil {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Unable to reset input file position. " + err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	rec := recommend(pairs, symbols)

	reader, err := apply(rec, f)
	if err != nil {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Error while constructing application reader. " + err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	var buf bytes.Buffer
	_, err = io.Copy(&buf, reader)
	if err != nil {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Error while applying recommendations. " + err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	var in *bytes.Reader = bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes())
	rev, err := apply(rec.reverse(), in)
	if err != nil {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Error while constructing application reader. " + err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, rev)
	if err != nil {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Error while applying recommendations. " + err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}
}

type recommendation struct {
	p2s map[uint16]byte
	s2p map[byte]uint16
}

// Produces a reversed recommendation struct
func (r *recommendation) reverse() *recommendation {
	var rec recommendation
	rec.p2s = make(map[uint16]byte)
	for k, v := range r.s2p {
		rec.p2s[v] = k
	}
	rec.s2p = make(map[byte]uint16)
	for k, v := range r.p2s {
		rec.s2p[v] = k
	}
	return &rec
}

// Returns an io.Reader that reads from the underlying one while applying the given recommendations
func apply(rec *recommendation, reader io.Reader) (io.Reader, error) {
	// The symbol reader replaces symbols with pairs according to the s2p mapping
	symbolReader := iou.SizedReader(iou.ReaderFunc(func(output []byte) (int, error) {
		var (
			i   int = 0
			err error
		)
		for ; i < len(output)-1 && err == nil; i++ {
			// Read a byte from the underlying reader
			count, err := reader.Read(output[i : i+1])

			// If we can't read anything else - return immediatelly
			if count == 0 {
				return i, err
			}

			// Convert the byte to a pair if there is a mapping for it
			if p, ok := rec.s2p[output[i]]; ok {
				output[i] = byte(p >> 8) // extract the high byte from the pair
				i++
				output[i] = byte(p) // leave only the low byte from the pair
			}
		}
		return i, nil
	}), 2)

	currentByte, err := iou.ReadByte(symbolReader)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// The pair reader replaces pairs with symbols according to the p2s mapping
	pairReader := iou.ReaderFunc(func(output []byte) (int, error) {
		var (
			total int
			err   error
		)
	start:
		if len(output) <= 1 || err != nil {
			return total, err
		}

		nextByte, err := iou.ReadByte(symbolReader)
		if s, ok := rec.p2s[(uint16(currentByte)<<8 | uint16(nextByte))]; ok {
			output[0] = s
			currentByte, err = iou.ReadByte(symbolReader)
		} else {
			output[0] = currentByte
			currentByte = nextByte
		}

		output, total = output[1:], total+1
		goto start
	})

	return pairReader, nil
}

func recommend(pairs pairSlice, symbols symbolSlice) *recommendation {
	var rec recommendation
	rec.p2s = make(map[uint16]byte) // Store pair to symbol mappings
	rec.s2p = make(map[byte]uint16) // Store symbol to pair mappings

	for i, pairsLength := 0, len(pairs); i < pairsLength; i++ {
		currentPair := pairs[i]

		// Termination condition for when we are out of symbols
		if len(symbols) == 1 { // TODO drop to zero ?
			break
		}

		gain := currentPair.count - 4 // 4 bytes for the default header
		currentSymbol := symbols[0]

		if currentSymbol.count == 0 {
			// Termination condition for possitive compression effect
			if gain <= 0 {
				break
			}

			// Mark the recommendation
			rec.p2s[currentPair.value] = currentSymbol.value
		} else { // if the current symbol is present in the data
			// Decrease the gain by a symbol -> p`, p -> symbol replacement
			gain = gain - 2 - currentSymbol.count // 2 more bytes for header + replacement cost

			// Termination condition for possitive compression effect
			if gain <= 0 {
				break
			}

			// Mark this symbol for replacement by the last unused pair
			rec.s2p[currentSymbol.value] = pairs[pairsLength-1].value
			pairsLength--

			// Mark the current pair for replacement by the current symbol
			rec.p2s[currentPair.value] = currentSymbol.value
		}
		symbols = symbols[1:]
	}
	return &rec
}

// Reads the provided input and returns information about the available byte pair and used symbols
func analyze(reader io.Reader) (pairSlice, symbolSlice) {
	var (
		current uint16   // Stores a pair of bytes in it's high and low bits
		buffer  []byte   = make([]byte, 1)
		pairs   []uint64 = make([]uint64, 65536) // all possible pairs, 512kb
		symbols []uint64 = make([]uint64, 256)   // all possible characters, 2kb
	)

	// Read the first byte and store in the low bits of the current pair
	if c, err := reader.Read(buffer); err != nil || c != 1 {
		os.Stderr.WriteString("Error reading input.")
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	current = uint16(buffer[0])

	// Read all of the data and note the counts of bytes and byte pairs
	io.Copy(iou.WriterFunc(func(data []byte) (int, error) {
		for _, value := range data {
			// Store pairs frequency
			current <<= 8            // Shift the previous byte from low to high
			current |= uint16(value) // Add the current byte to low
			pairs[current]++

			// Store bytes frequency
			symbols[value]++
		}
		return len(data), nil
	}), reader)

	// Extract and sort all byte pairs
	availablePairs := make(pairSlice, 0)
	for index, value := range pairs {
		availablePairs = append(availablePairs, pair{value: uint16(index), count: value})
	}
	sort.Sort(availablePairs)

	// Extract and sort all symbols (including the ones with zero counts)
	allSymbols := make(symbolSlice, 0)
	for index, value := range symbols {
		allSymbols = append(allSymbols, symbol{value: byte(index), count: value})
	}
	sort.Sort(allSymbols)

	return availablePairs, allSymbols
}

type pair struct {
	value uint16
	count uint64
}

type symbol struct {
	value byte
	count uint64
}

// Implements fmt.Stringer, used for debugging
func (p pair) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("[ %d %d (%d) ]", (p.value >> 8), ((p.value << 8) >> 8), p.count)
}

type pairSlice []pair

func (s pairSlice) Len() int {
	return len(s)
}

func (s pairSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
	// Sort in descending order
	return s[i].count > s[j].count
}

func (s pairSlice) Swap(i, j int) {
	s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}

type symbolSlice []symbol

func (s symbolSlice) Len() int {
	return len(s)
}

func (s symbolSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
	// Sort in ascending order
	return s[i].count < s[j].count
}

func (s symbolSlice) Swap(i, j int) {
	s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}

Modified src/0dev.org/ioutil/ioutil.go from [c11fdb5a53] to [83fc64874b].

16
17
18
19
20
21
22










23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// An function alias type that implements io.Reader.
type ReaderFunc func([]byte) (int, error)

// Delegates the call to the WriterFunc while implementing io.Reader.
func (r ReaderFunc) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
	return r(b)
}











// Returns a writer that delegates calls to Write(...) while ensuring
// that it is never called with less bytes than the specified amount.
//
// Calls with fewer bytes are buffered while a call with a nil slice
// causes the buffer to be flushed to the underlying writer.
func SizedWriter(writer io.Writer, size int) io.Writer {







>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>







16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
// An function alias type that implements io.Reader.
type ReaderFunc func([]byte) (int, error)

// Delegates the call to the WriterFunc while implementing io.Reader.
func (r ReaderFunc) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
	return r(b)
}

// Reads a single byte from the provided io.Reader
func ReadByte(reader io.Reader) (byte, error) {
	var (
		arr [1]byte
		err error
	)
	_, err = reader.Read(arr[:])
	return arr[0], err
}

// Returns a writer that delegates calls to Write(...) while ensuring
// that it is never called with less bytes than the specified amount.
//
// Calls with fewer bytes are buffered while a call with a nil slice
// causes the buffer to be flushed to the underlying writer.
func SizedWriter(writer io.Writer, size int) io.Writer {

Modified src/0dev.org/ioutil/ioutil_test.go from [91aaac4713] to [514a112f00].

43
44
45
46
47
48
49




















50
51
52
53
54
55
56
	// Diff the result against the initial input
	delta := diff.Diff(diff.D{len(input), len(output),
		func(i, j int) bool { return input[i] == output[j] }})
	if len(delta.Added) > 0 || len(delta.Removed) > 0 {
		t.Error("Differences detected ", delta)
	}
}





















func TestSizedWriter(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		buffer bytes.Buffer
		writer io.Writer = SizedWriter(&buffer, 4)
	)








>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>







43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
	// Diff the result against the initial input
	delta := diff.Diff(diff.D{len(input), len(output),
		func(i, j int) bool { return input[i] == output[j] }})
	if len(delta.Added) > 0 || len(delta.Removed) > 0 {
		t.Error("Differences detected ", delta)
	}
}

func TestReadByte(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		input  []byte        = []byte{255}
		reader *bytes.Reader = bytes.NewReader(input)
	)

	result, err := ReadByte(reader)
	if result != input[0] {
		t.Error("Unexpected read result from ReadByte", result)
	}
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Unexpected error from ReadByte", err)
	}

	result, err = ReadByte(reader)
	if err != io.EOF {
		t.Error("Unexpected nil error from ReadByte, read value:", result)
	}
}

func TestSizedWriter(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		buffer bytes.Buffer
		writer io.Writer = SizedWriter(&buffer, 4)
	)