Fossil

** below by the ../tool/mkshellc.tcl script.  Before processing that included
** code, we need to override some macros to make the included program code
** work here in the middle of this regular program.
*/
#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(X) (void)(X)


/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/windirent.h ******************/
/*
** 2025-06-05
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** An implementation of opendir(), readdir(), and closedir() for Windows,
** based on the FindFirstFile(), FindNextFile(), and FindClose() APIs
** of Win32.
**
** #include this file inside any C-code module that needs to use
** opendir()/readdir()/closedir().  This file is a no-op on non-Windows
** machines.  On Windows, static functions are defined that implement
** those standard interfaces.
*/

#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H)
#define SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H





#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <io.h>











#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef FILENAME_MAX
# define FILENAME_MAX (260)

#endif
#ifndef S_ISREG
#define S_ISREG(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
#endif

#ifndef S_ISDIR
#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif

#ifndef S_ISLNK
#define S_ISLNK(m) (0)
#endif







typedef unsigned short mode_t;





/* The dirent object for Windows is abbreviated.  The only field really




** usable by applications is d_name[].


*/






























struct dirent {
 int d_ino;                  /* Inode number (synthesized) */
 unsigned d_attributes;      /* File attributes */
 char d_name[FILENAME_MAX];  /* Null-terminated filename */
};


/* The internals of DIR are opaque according to standards.  So it

** does not matter what we put here. */
typedef struct DIR DIR;

struct DIR {
  intptr_t d_handle;         /* Handle for findfirst()/findnext() */
  struct dirent cur;         /* Current entry */

};







/* Ignore hidden and system files */
#define WindowsFileToIgnore(a) \
    ((((a).attrib)&_A_HIDDEN) || (((a).attrib)&_A_SYSTEM))


/*



** Close a previously opened directory




























*/
static int closedir(DIR *pDir){


  int rc = 0;
  if( pDir==0 ){
    return EINVAL;
  }




  if( pDir->d_handle!=0 && pDir->d_handle!=(-1) ){
    rc = _findclose(pDir->d_handle);





  }







  sqlite3_free(pDir);





  return rc;
}


/*

** Open a new directory.  The directory name should be UTF-8 encoded.
** appropriate translations happen automatically.
*/
static DIR *opendir(const char *zDirName){



  DIR *pDir;

  wchar_t *b1;
  sqlite3_int64 sz;
  struct _wfinddata_t data;

  pDir = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(DIR) );
  if( pDir==0 ) return 0;
  memset(pDir, 0, sizeof(DIR));






  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
  sz = strlen(zDirName);
  b1 = sqlite3_malloc64( (sz+3)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
  if( b1==0 ){
    closedir(pDir);
    return NULL;
  }
  sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zDirName, sz, b1, sz);
  b1[sz++] = '\\';
  b1[sz++] = '*';
  b1[sz] = 0;
  if( sz+1>sizeof(data.name)/sizeof(data.name[0]) ){
    closedir(pDir);
    sqlite3_free(b1);
    return NULL;
  }
  memcpy(data.name, b1, (sz+1)*sizeof(b1[0]));
  sqlite3_free(b1);
  pDir->d_handle = _wfindfirst(data.name, &data);

  if( pDir->d_handle<0 ){
    closedir(pDir);
    return NULL;
  }
  while( WindowsFileToIgnore(data) ){




    memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
    if( _wfindnext(pDir->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
      closedir(pDir);
      return NULL;
    }
  }



  pDir->cur.d_ino = 0;
  pDir->cur.d_attributes = data.attrib;
  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, data.name, -1,
                      pDir->cur.d_name, FILENAME_MAX, 0, 0);

















  return pDir;
}

/*
** Read the next entry from a directory.
**


** The returned struct-dirent object is managed by DIR.  It is only


** valid until the next readdir() or closedir() call.  Only the



** d_name[] field is meaningful.  The d_name[] value has been


** translated into UTF8.


*/
static struct dirent *readdir(DIR *pDir){
  struct _wfinddata_t data;

  if( pDir==0 ) return 0;
  if( (pDir->cur.d_ino++)==0 ){
    return &pDir->cur;
  }
  do{
    memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
    if( _wfindnext(pDir->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
      return NULL;
    }
  }while( WindowsFileToIgnore(data) );

  pDir->cur.d_attributes = data.attrib;
  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, data.name, -1,
                      pDir->cur.d_name, FILENAME_MAX, 0, 0);
  return &pDir->cur;
}

#endif /* defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) */

/************************* End ../ext/misc/windirent.h ********************/


/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/memtrace.c ******************/
/*
** 2019-01-21
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**

**
**     name:  Path to file or directory (text value).
**     mode:  Value of stat.st_mode for directory entry (an integer).
**     mtime: Value of stat.st_mtime for directory entry (an integer).
**     data:  For a regular file, a blob containing the file data. For a
**            symlink, a text value containing the text of the link. For a
**            directory, NULL.
**     level: Directory hierarchy level.  Topmost is 1.
**
**   If a non-NULL value is specified for the optional $dir parameter and
**   $path is a relative path, then $path is interpreted relative to $dir. 
**   And the paths returned in the "name" column of the table are also 
**   relative to directory $dir.
**
** Notes on building this extension for Windows:

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <dirent.h>
#  include <utime.h>
#  include <sys/time.h>
#  define STRUCT_STAT struct stat
#else
/* #  include "windirent.h" */

#  include <direct.h>


#  define STRUCT_STAT struct _stat
#  define chmod(path,mode) fileio_chmod(path,mode)
#  define mkdir(path,mode) fileio_mkdir(path)
#endif
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>

/* When used as part of the CLI, the sqlite3_stdio.h module will have
** been included before this one. In that case use the sqlite3_stdio.h
** #defines.  If not, create our own for fopen().
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_
# define sqlite3_fopen fopen
#endif

/*
** Structure of the fsdir() table-valued function
*/
                 /*    0    1    2     3    4     5           6          */
#define FSDIR_SCHEMA "(name,mode,mtime,data,level,path HIDDEN,dir HIDDEN)"

#define FSDIR_COLUMN_NAME     0     /* Name of the file */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_MODE     1     /* Access mode */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_MTIME    2     /* Last modification time */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_DATA     3     /* File content */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL    4     /* Level.  Topmost is 1 */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH     5     /* Path to top of search */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_DIR      6     /* Path is relative to this directory */

/*
** UTF8 chmod() function for Windows
*/
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
static int fileio_chmod(const char *zPath, int pmode){
  sqlite3_int64 sz = strlen(zPath);

/*
** This function attempts to normalize the time values found in the stat()
** buffer to UTC.  This is necessary on Win32, where the runtime library
** appears to return these values as local times.
*/
static void statTimesToUtc(
  const char *zPath,
  STRUCT_STAT *pStatBuf
){
  HANDLE hFindFile;
  WIN32_FIND_DATAW fd;
  LPWSTR zUnicodeName;
  extern LPWSTR sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(const char*);
  zUnicodeName = sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(zPath);
  if( zUnicodeName ){

/*
** This function is used in place of stat().  On Windows, special handling
** is required in order for the included time to be returned as UTC.  On all
** other systems, this function simply calls stat().
*/
static int fileStat(
  const char *zPath,
  STRUCT_STAT *pStatBuf
){
#if defined(_WIN32)
  sqlite3_int64 sz = strlen(zPath);
  wchar_t *b1 = sqlite3_malloc64( (sz+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
  int rc;
  if( b1==0 ) return 1;
  sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, sz, b1, sz);

/*
** This function is used in place of lstat().  On Windows, special handling
** is required in order for the included time to be returned as UTC.  On all
** other systems, this function simply calls lstat().
*/
static int fileLinkStat(
  const char *zPath,
  STRUCT_STAT *pStatBuf
){
#if defined(_WIN32)
  return fileStat(zPath, pStatBuf);
#else
  return lstat(zPath, pStatBuf);
#endif
}

  if( zCopy==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    int nCopy = (int)strlen(zCopy);
    int i = 1;

    while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      STRUCT_STAT sStat;
      int rc2;

      for(; zCopy[i]!='/' && i<nCopy; i++);
      if( i==nCopy ) break;
      zCopy[i] = '\0';

      rc2 = fileStat(zCopy, &sStat);

  {
    if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){
      if( mkdir(zFile, mode) ){
        /* The mkdir() call to create the directory failed. This might not
        ** be an error though - if there is already a directory at the same
        ** path and either the permissions already match or can be changed
        ** to do so using chmod(), it is not an error.  */
        STRUCT_STAT sStat;
        if( errno!=EEXIST
         || 0!=fileStat(zFile, &sStat)
         || !S_ISDIR(sStat.st_mode)
         || ((sStat.st_mode&0777)!=(mode&0777) && 0!=chmod(zFile, mode&0777))
        ){
          return 1;
        }

  char *zDir;                /* Name of directory (nul-terminated) */
};

struct fsdir_cursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */

  int nLvl;                  /* Number of entries in aLvl[] array */
  int mxLvl;                 /* Maximum level */
  int iLvl;                  /* Index of current entry */
  FsdirLevel *aLvl;          /* Hierarchy of directories being traversed */

  const char *zBase;
  int nBase;

  STRUCT_STAT sStat;         /* Current lstat() results */
  char *zPath;               /* Path to current entry */
  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* Current rowid */
};

typedef struct fsdir_tab fsdir_tab;
struct fsdir_tab {
  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */

** Advance an fsdir_cursor to its next row of output.
*/
static int fsdirNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
  mode_t m = pCur->sStat.st_mode;

  pCur->iRowid++;
  if( S_ISDIR(m) && pCur->iLvl+3<pCur->mxLvl ){
    /* Descend into this directory */
    int iNew = pCur->iLvl + 1;
    FsdirLevel *pLvl;
    if( iNew>=pCur->nLvl ){
      int nNew = iNew+1;
      sqlite3_int64 nByte = nNew*sizeof(FsdirLevel);
      FsdirLevel *aNew = (FsdirLevel*)sqlite3_realloc64(pCur->aLvl, nByte);

        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, aBuf, n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
        if( aBuf!=aStatic ) sqlite3_free(aBuf);
#endif
      }else{
        readFileContents(ctx, pCur->zPath);
      }
      break;
    }
    case FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL:
      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCur->iLvl+2);
      break;
    case FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH:
    default: {
      /* The FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH and FSDIR_COLUMN_DIR are input parameters.
      ** always return their values as NULL */
      break;
    }
  }

  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
  return (pCur->zPath==0);
}

/*
** xFilter callback.
**
** idxNum bit      Meaning
**     0x01         PATH=N
**     0x02         DIR=N
**     0x04         LEVEL<N
**     0x08         LEVEL<=N  
*/
static int fsdirFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  const char *zDir = 0;
  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
  int i;
  (void)idxStr;
  fsdirResetCursor(pCur);

  if( idxNum==0 ){
    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires an argument");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  assert( (idxNum & 0x01)!=0 && argc>0 );
  zDir = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  if( zDir==0 ){
    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires a non-NULL argument");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  i = 1;
  if( (idxNum & 0x02)!=0 ){
    assert( argc>i );
    pCur->zBase = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i++]);
  }
  if( (idxNum & 0x0c)!=0 ){
    assert( argc>i );
    pCur->mxLvl = sqlite3_value_int(argv[i++]);
    if( idxNum & 0x08 ) pCur->mxLvl++;
    if( pCur->mxLvl<=0 ) pCur->mxLvl = 1000000000;
  }else{
    pCur->mxLvl = 1000000000;
  }
  if( pCur->zBase ){
    pCur->nBase = (int)strlen(pCur->zBase)+1;
    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/%s", pCur->zBase, zDir);
  }else{
    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zDir);
  }

** that uses the generate_series virtual table.  This routine needs to create
** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
** plan.
**
** In this implementation idxNum is used to represent the
** query plan.  idxStr is unused.
**
** The query plan is represented by bits in idxNum:
**
**  0x01  The path value is supplied by argv[0]
**  0x02  dir is in argv[1]
**  0x04  maxdepth is in argv[1] or [2]
*/
static int fsdirBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
  int idxPath = -1;      /* Index in pIdxInfo->aConstraint of PATH= */
  int idxDir = -1;       /* Index in pIdxInfo->aConstraint of DIR= */
  int idxLevel = -1;     /* Index in pIdxInfo->aConstraint of LEVEL< or <= */
  int idxLevelEQ = 0;    /* 0x08 for LEVEL<= or LEVEL=.  0x04 for LEVEL< */
  int omitLevel = 0;     /* omit the LEVEL constraint */
  int seenPath = 0;      /* True if an unusable PATH= constraint is seen */
  int seenDir = 0;       /* True if an unusable DIR= constraint is seen */
  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;

  (void)tab;
  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
      switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
        case FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH: {
          if( pConstraint->usable ){
            idxPath = i;
            seenPath = 0;
          }else if( idxPath<0 ){
            seenPath = 1;
          }
          break;
        }
        case FSDIR_COLUMN_DIR: {
          if( pConstraint->usable ){
            idxDir = i;
            seenDir = 0;
          }else if( idxDir<0 ){
            seenDir = 1;
          }
          break;
        }
        case FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL: {
          if( pConstraint->usable && idxLevel<0 ){
            idxLevel = i;
            idxLevelEQ = 0x08;
            omitLevel = 0;
          }
          break;
        }
      }
    }else
    if( pConstraint->iColumn==FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL
     && pConstraint->usable
     && idxLevel<0
    ){
      if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE ){
        idxLevel = i;
        idxLevelEQ = 0x08;
        omitLevel = 1;
      }else if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT ){
        idxLevel = i;
        idxLevelEQ = 0x04;
        omitLevel = 1;
      }
    } 
  }
  if( seenPath || seenDir ){
    /* If input parameters are unusable, disallow this plan */
    return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
  }

  if( idxPath<0 ){
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
    /* The pIdxInfo->estimatedCost should have been initialized to a huge
    ** number.  Leave it unchanged. */
    pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 0x7fffffff;
  }else{
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxPath].omit = 1;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxPath].argvIndex = 1;
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0x01;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0e9;
    i = 2;
    if( idxDir>=0 ){
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxDir].omit = 1;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxDir].argvIndex = i++;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum |= 0x02;
      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost /= 1.0e4;
    }
    if( idxLevel>=0 ){
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxLevel].omit = omitLevel;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxLevel].argvIndex = i++;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum |= idxLevelEQ;
      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost /= 1.0e4;
    }
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

       int ctrlCode;            /* Integer code for that option */
       int unSafe;              /* Not valid unless --unsafe-testing */
       const char *zUsage;      /* Usage notes */
    } aCtrl[] = {
    {"always",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, 1,     "BOOLEAN"         },
    {"assert",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, 1,     "BOOLEAN"         },
  /*{"benign_malloc_hooks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS,1, ""        },*/
    {"bitvec_test",        SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST, 1, "SIZE INT-ARRAY"},
    {"byteorder",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER, 0,  ""                },
    {"extra_schema_checks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS,0,"BOOLEAN"  },
    {"fault_install",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL, 1,"args..."       },
    {"fk_no_action",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION, 0, "BOOLEAN"       },
    {"imposter",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER,1,"SCHEMA ON/OFF ROOTPAGE"},
    {"internal_functions", SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS,0,""          },
    {"json_selfcheck",     SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK ,0,"BOOLEAN"      },

            isOk = 1;
          }else{
            rc2 = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
            isOk = 3;
          }
          sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, &rc2);
          break;
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST: {
          /* Examples:
          **   .testctrl bitvec_test 100   6,1       -- Show BITVEC constants
          **   .testctrl bitvec_test 1000  1,12,7,3  -- Simple test
          **                         ----  --------
          **      size of Bitvec -----^        ^---  aOp array. 0 added at end.
          **
          ** See comments on sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest() for more information
          ** about the aOp[] array.
          */
          int iSize;
          const char *zTestArg;
          int nOp;
          int ii, jj, x;
          int *aOp;
          if( nArg!=4 ){
            sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
              "ERROR - should be:  \".testctrl bitvec_test SIZE  INT-ARRAY\"\n"
            );
            rc = 1;
            goto meta_command_exit;
          }
          isOk = 3;
          iSize = (int)integerValue(azArg[2]);
          zTestArg = azArg[3];
          nOp = (int)strlen(zTestArg)+1;
          aOp = malloc( sizeof(int)*(nOp+1) );
          shell_check_oom(aOp);
          memset(aOp, 0, sizeof(int)*(nOp+1) );
          for(ii = jj = x = 0; zTestArg[ii]!=0; ii++){
            if( IsDigit(zTestArg[ii]) ){
              x = x*10 + zTestArg[ii] - '0';
            }else{
              aOp[jj++] = x;
              x = 0;
            }
          }
          aOp[jj] = x;
          x = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, iSize, aOp);
          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "result: %d\n", x);
          free(aOp);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL: {
          int kk;
          int bShowHelp = nArg<=2;
          isOk = 3;
          for(kk=2; kk<nArg; kk++){
            const char *z = azArg[kk];
            if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;

** the text of this file.  Search for "Begin file sqlite3.h" to find the start
** of the embedded sqlite3.h header file.) Additional code files may be needed
** if you want a wrapper to interface SQLite with your choice of programming
** language. The code for the "sqlite3" command-line shell is also in a
** separate file. This file contains only code for the core SQLite library.
**
** The content in this amalgamation comes from Fossil check-in
** a88bb75288a06492a04ab1278e8a2101a74f with changes in files:
**
**    
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
#define SQLITE_CORE 1
#define SQLITE_AMALGAMATION 1
#ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE

**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.51.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3051000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2025-06-19 20:19:12 a88bb75288a06492a04ab1278e8a2101a74f4ba712d328b4c73e86ac01cb946d"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
**
** These interfaces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
** are not useful outside of that context.
**
** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
** an array P of N URI Key/Value pairs.  The result from
** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
** is safe to pass to routines like:
** <ul>
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],

/*
** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of the following
** templates:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN
** <li>  :VVV
** <li>  @VVV

** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
** otherwise.
**
** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
** found in the first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
**
** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
** is negative, then the length of the string is
** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
** the behavior is undefined.
** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
** that parameter must be the byte offset
** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
** with embedded NULs is undefined.
**
** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
** These three options exist:

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in a
** [SELECT] statement.
** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
** the origin_ routines return the column name.
** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically

** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
**
** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
** used inside of triggers, views, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
** the database schema.  This flag is especially recommended for SQL
** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
** the database file is opened and read.
**
** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the

** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
** of aggregate window functions are
** [user-defined window functions|available here].
**
** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is the destructor for
** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
**

** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
**
** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
** entry point were as follows:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
** &nbsp;  );

**
** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
** when a new virtual table is being created or reinitialized.
**
** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
** ^The sqlite3_create_module()

** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
** read-only access.
**
** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
** on *ppBlob after this function returns.
**
** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
** <ul>
**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,

/*
** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
**
** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwrite existing
** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
**
** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
*/

** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
** database is modified by using the same database connection as is used
** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
** updated at the same time.
**
** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
**
** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
**
** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless of whether or not
** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
**
** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of

SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface is invoked, any dirty
** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
** any [attached] databases.
**

**   0x00002000     Constant propagation
**   0x00004000     Push-down optimization
**   0x00008000     After all FROM-clause analysis
**   0x00010000     Beginning of DELETE/INSERT/UPDATE processing
**   0x00020000     Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY
**   0x00040000     SELECT tree dump after all code has been generated
**   0x00080000     NOT NULL strength reduction
**   0x00100000     Pointers are all shown as zero
*/

/*
** Macros for "wheretrace"
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \

** 0x00004000   Show all WHERE terms at key points
** 0x00008000   Show the full SELECT statement at key places
**
** 0x00010000   Show more detail when printing WHERE terms
** 0x00020000   Show WHERE terms returned from whereScanNext()
** 0x00040000   Solver overview messages
** 0x00080000   Star-query heuristic
** 0x00100000   Pointers are all shown as zero
*/


/*
** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
** callback for a given sqlite handle.
**

** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
*/
#define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3RowSetClear)

/*
** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD

SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowTrigger(const Trigger*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowTriggerList(const Trigger*);
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowWindow(const Window*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowWinFunc(const Window*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowBitvec(Bitvec*);
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ProgressCheck(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);

              longvalue = va_arg(ap,unsigned long int);
            }
          }else{
            longvalue = va_arg(ap,unsigned int);
          }
          prefix = 0;
        }

#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED
        if( xtype==etPOINTER && sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100000 ) longvalue = 0;
#endif
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
        if( xtype==etPOINTER && sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x100000 ) longvalue = 0;
#endif

        if( longvalue==0 ) flag_alternateform = 0;
        if( flag_zeropad && precision<width-(prefix!=0) ){
          precision = width-(prefix!=0);
        }
        if( precision<etBUFSIZE-10-etBUFSIZE/3 ){
          nOut = etBUFSIZE;
          zOut = buf;

                  /* For a BITVEC_SZ of 512, this would be 34,359,739. */
  union {
    BITVEC_TELEM aBitmap[BITVEC_NELEM];    /* Bitmap representation */
    u32 aHash[BITVEC_NINT];      /* Hash table representation */
    Bitvec *apSub[BITVEC_NPTR];  /* Recursive representation */
  } u;
};


/*
** Create a new bitmap object able to handle bits between 0 and iSize,
** inclusive.  Return a pointer to the new object.  Return NULL if
** malloc fails.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32 iSize){

    int rc;
    u32 *aiValues = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(0, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
    if( aiValues==0 ){
      return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    }else{
      memcpy(aiValues, p->u.aHash, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
      memset(p->u.apSub, 0, sizeof(p->u.apSub));
      p->iDivisor = p->iSize/BITVEC_NPTR;
      if( (p->iSize%BITVEC_NPTR)!=0 ) p->iDivisor++;
      if( p->iDivisor<BITVEC_NBIT ) p->iDivisor = BITVEC_NBIT;
      rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(p, i);
      for(j=0; j<BITVEC_NINT; j++){
        if( aiValues[j] ) rc |= sqlite3BitvecSet(p, aiValues[j]);
      }
      sqlite3StackFree(0, aiValues);
      return rc;
    }

/*
** Return the value of the iSize parameter specified when Bitvec *p
** was created.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec *p){
  return p->iSize;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Show the content of a Bitvec option and its children.  Indent
** everything by n spaces.  Add x to each bitvec value.
**
** From a debugger such as gdb, one can type:
**
**    call sqlite3ShowBitvec(p)
**
** For some Bitvec p and see a recursive view of the Bitvec's content.
*/
static void showBitvec(Bitvec *p, int n, unsigned x){
  int i;
  if( p==0 ){
    printf("NULL\n");
    return;
  }
  printf("Bitvec 0x%p iSize=%u", p, p->iSize);
  if( p->iSize<=BITVEC_NBIT ){
    printf(" bitmap\n");
    printf("%*s   bits:", n, "");
    for(i=1; i<=BITVEC_NBIT; i++){
      if( sqlite3BitvecTest(p,i) ) printf(" %u", x+(unsigned)i);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }else if( p->iDivisor==0 ){
    printf(" hash with %u entries\n", p->nSet);
    printf("%*s   bits:", n, "");
    for(i=0; i<BITVEC_NINT; i++){
      if( p->u.aHash[i] ) printf(" %u", x+(unsigned)p->u.aHash[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }else{
    printf(" sub-bitvec with iDivisor=%u\n", p->iDivisor);
    for(i=0; i<BITVEC_NPTR; i++){
      if( p->u.apSub[i]==0 ) continue;
      printf("%*s   apSub[%d]=", n, "", i);
      showBitvec(p->u.apSub[i], n+4, i*p->iDivisor);
    }
  }
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowBitvec(Bitvec *p){
  showBitvec(p, 0, 0);
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
/*
** Let V[] be an array of unsigned characters sufficient to hold
** up to N bits.  Let I be an integer between 0 and N.  0<=I<N.
** Then the following macros can be used to set, clear, or test
** individual bits within V.
*/
#define SETBIT(V,I)      V[I>>3] |= (1<<(I&7))
#define CLEARBIT(V,I)    V[I>>3] &= ~(BITVEC_TELEM)(1<<(I&7))
#define TESTBIT(V,I)     (V[I>>3]&(1<<(I&7)))!=0


/*
** This routine runs an extensive test of the Bitvec code.
**
** The input is an array of integers that acts as a program
** to test the Bitvec.  The integers are opcodes followed
** by 0, 1, or 3 operands, depending on the opcode.  Another
** opcode follows immediately after the last operand.
**
** There are opcodes numbered starting with 0.  0 is the
** "halt" opcode and causes the test to end.
**
**    0          Halt and return the number of errors
**    1 N S X    Set N bits beginning with S and incrementing by X
**    2 N S X    Clear N bits beginning with S and incrementing by X
**    3 N        Set N randomly chosen bits
**    4 N        Clear N randomly chosen bits
**    5 N S X    Set N bits from S increment X in array only, not in bitvec
**    6          Invoice sqlite3ShowBitvec() on the Bitvec object so far
**    7 X        Show compile-time parameters and the hash of X
**
** The opcodes 1 through 4 perform set and clear operations are performed
** on both a Bitvec object and on a linear array of bits obtained from malloc.
** Opcode 5 works on the linear array only, not on the Bitvec.
** Opcode 5 is used to deliberately induce a fault in order to
** confirm that error detection works.  Opcodes 6 and greater are
** state output opcodes.  Opcodes 6 and greater are no-ops unless
** SQLite has been compiled with SQLITE_DEBUG.
**
** At the conclusion of the test the linear array is compared
** against the Bitvec object.  If there are any differences,
** an error is returned.  If they are the same, zero is returned.
**
** If a memory allocation error occurs, return -1.
**
** sz is the size of the Bitvec.  Or if sz is negative, make the size
** 2*(unsigned)(-sz) and disabled the linear vector check.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int sz, int *aOp){
  Bitvec *pBitvec = 0;
  unsigned char *pV = 0;
  int rc = -1;
  int i, nx, pc, op;
  void *pTmpSpace;

  /* Allocate the Bitvec to be tested and a linear array of
  ** bits to act as the reference */
  if( sz<=0 ){
    pBitvec = sqlite3BitvecCreate( 2*(unsigned)(-sz) );
    pV = 0;
  }else{
    pBitvec = sqlite3BitvecCreate( sz );
    pV = sqlite3MallocZero( (7+(i64)sz)/8 + 1 );
  }
  pTmpSpace = sqlite3_malloc64(BITVEC_SZ);
  if( pBitvec==0 || pTmpSpace==0 || (pV==0 && sz>0) ) goto bitvec_end;

  /* NULL pBitvec tests */
  sqlite3BitvecSet(0, 1);
  sqlite3BitvecClear(0, 1, pTmpSpace);

  /* Run the program */
  pc = i = 0;
  while( (op = aOp[pc])!=0 ){
    if( op>=6 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      if( op==6 ){
        sqlite3ShowBitvec(pBitvec);
      }else if( op==7 ){
        printf("BITVEC_SZ     = %d (%d by sizeof)\n",
               BITVEC_SZ, (int)sizeof(Bitvec));
        printf("BITVEC_USIZE  = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_USIZE);
        printf("BITVEC_NELEM  = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NELEM);
        printf("BITVEC_NBIT   = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NBIT);
        printf("BITVEC_NINT   = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NINT);
        printf("BITVEC_MXHASH = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_MXHASH);
        printf("BITVEC_NPTR   = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NPTR);
      }
#endif
      pc++;
      continue;
    }
    switch( op ){
      case 1:
      case 2:
      case 5: {
        nx = 4;
        i = aOp[pc+2] - 1;
        aOp[pc+2] += aOp[pc+3];

        break;
      }
    }
    if( (--aOp[pc+1]) > 0 ) nx = 0;
    pc += nx;
    i = (i & 0x7fffffff)%sz;
    if( (op & 1)!=0 ){
      if( pV ) SETBIT(pV, (i+1));
      if( op!=5 ){
        if( sqlite3BitvecSet(pBitvec, i+1) ) goto bitvec_end;
      }
    }else{
      if( pV ) CLEARBIT(pV, (i+1));
      sqlite3BitvecClear(pBitvec, i+1, pTmpSpace);
    }
  }

  /* Test to make sure the linear array exactly matches the
  ** Bitvec object.  Start with the assumption that they do
  ** match (rc==0).  Change rc to non-zero if a discrepancy
  ** is found.
  */
  if( pV ){
    rc = sqlite3BitvecTest(0,0) + sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec, sz+1)
            + sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec, 0)
            + (sqlite3BitvecSize(pBitvec) - sz);
    for(i=1; i<=sz; i++){
      if( (TESTBIT(pV,i))!=sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec,i) ){
        rc = i;
        break;
      }
    }
  }else{
    rc = 0;
  }

  /* Free allocated structure */
bitvec_end:
  sqlite3_free(pTmpSpace);
  sqlite3_free(pV);
  sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pBitvec);

        */
        assert( walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame)!=1 );
        rc = xUndo(pUndoCtx, walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame));
      }
      if( iMax!=pWal->hdr.mxFrame ) walCleanupHash(pWal);
    }
    SEH_EXCEPT( rc = SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE; )
    pWal->iReCksum = 0;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Argument aWalData must point to an array of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32
** values. This function populates the array with values required to

    pWal->hdr.mxFrame = aWalData[0];
    pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aWalData[1];
    pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aWalData[2];
    SEH_TRY {
      walCleanupHash(pWal);
    }
    SEH_EXCEPT( rc = SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE; )
    if( pWal->iReCksum>pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
      pWal->iReCksum = 0;
    }
  }

  return rc;
}

/*
** This function is called just before writing a set of frames to the log

moveto_table_finish:
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl)==0 );
  return rc;
}

/*
** Compare the "idx"-th cell on the page pPage against the key
** pointing to by pIdxKey using xRecordCompare.  Return negative or
** zero if the cell is less than or equal pIdxKey.  Return positive
** if unknown.
**
**    Return value negative:     Cell at pCur[idx] less than pIdxKey
**
**    Return value is zero:      Cell at pCur[idx] equals pIdxKey
**
**    Return value positive:     Nothing is known about the relationship
**                               of the cell at pCur[idx] and pIdxKey.
**
** This routine is part of an optimization.  It is always safe to return
** a positive value as that will cause the optimization to be skipped.
*/
static int indexCellCompare(
  MemPage *pPage,
  int idx,
  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey,
  RecordCompare xRecordCompare
){

  int c;
  int nCell;  /* Size of the pCell cell in bytes */
  u8 *pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);

  nCell = pCell[0];
  if( nCell<=pPage->max1bytePayload ){
    /* This branch runs if the record-size field of the cell is a

  */
  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID
   && pCur->pPage->leaf
   && cursorOnLastPage(pCur)
  ){
    int c;
    if( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1
     && (c = indexCellCompare(pCur->pPage,pCur->ix,pIdxKey,xRecordCompare))<=0
     && pIdxKey->errCode==SQLITE_OK
    ){
      *pRes = c;
      return SQLITE_OK;  /* Cursor already pointing at the correct spot */
    }
    if( pCur->iPage>0
     && indexCellCompare(pCur->pPage, 0, pIdxKey, xRecordCompare)<=0
     && pIdxKey->errCode==SQLITE_OK
    ){
      pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_AtLast);
      if( !pCur->pPage->isInit ){
        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      }
      goto bypass_moveto_root;  /* Start search on the current page */

  ** opcode and the OP_Count opcode with P3=1.  In either case,
  ** the cursor will always be valid unless the btree is empty. */
  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return 0;
  if( NEVER(pCur->pPage->leaf==0) ) return -1;

  n = pCur->pPage->nCell;
  for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
    n *= pCur->apPage[i]->nCell+1;
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database.
** Return value:

/* Opcode: TypeCheck P1 P2 P3 P4 *
** Synopsis: typecheck(r[P1@P2])
**
** Apply affinities to the range of P2 registers beginning with P1.
** Take the affinities from the Table object in P4.  If any value
** cannot be coerced into the correct type, then raise an error.
**
** If P3==0, then omit checking of VIRTUAL columns.
**
** If P3==1, then omit checking of all generated column, both VIRTUAL
** and STORED.
**
** If P3>=2, then only check column number P3-2 in the table (which will
** be a VIRTUAL column) against the value in reg[P1].  In this case,
** P2 will be 1.
**
** This opcode is similar to OP_Affinity except that this opcode
** forces the register type to the Table column type.  This is used
** to implement "strict affinity".
**
** GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STATIC columns are only checked if P3
** is zero.  When P3 is non-zero, no type checking occurs for
** static generated columns.  Virtual columns are computed at query time
** and so they are never checked.
**
** Preconditions:
**
** <ul>
** <li> P2 should be the number of non-virtual columns in the
**      table of P4 unless P3>1, in which case P2 will be 1.
** <li> Table P4 is a STRICT table.
** </ul>
**
** If any precondition is false, an assertion fault occurs.
*/
case OP_TypeCheck: {
  Table *pTab;
  Column *aCol;
  int i;
  int nCol;

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE );
  pTab = pOp->p4.pTab;
  assert( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict );
  assert( pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<pTab->nCol+2 );
  aCol = pTab->aCol;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pOp->p3<2 ){
    assert( pTab->nNVCol==pOp->p2 );
    i = 0;
    nCol = pTab->nCol;
  }else{
    i = pOp->p3-2;
    nCol = i+1;
    assert( i<pTab->nCol );
    assert( aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
    assert( pOp->p2==1 );
  }
  for(; i<nCol; i++){
    if( (aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0 && pOp->p3<2 ){
      if( (aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) continue;
      if( pOp->p3 ){ pIn1++; continue; }
    }
    assert( pIn1 < &aMem[pOp->p1+pOp->p2] );
    applyAffinity(pIn1, aCol[i].affinity, encoding);
    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
      switch( aCol[i].eCType ){
        case COLTYPE_BLOB: {

  assert( pParse->iSelfTab!=0 );
  if( pParse->iSelfTab>0 ){
    iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNullRow, pParse->iSelfTab-1, 0, regOut);
  }else{
    iAddr = 0;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab,pCol), regOut);
  if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0
   && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict)!=0
  ){
    int p3 = 2+(int)(pCol - pTab->aCol);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_TypeCheck, regOut, 1, p3, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE);
  }else if( pCol->affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, regOut, 1, 0, &pCol->affinity, 1);
  }
  if( iAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
  if( pParse->nErr>nErr ) pParse->db->errByteOffset = -1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */

static void concatFuncCore(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv,
  int nSep,
  const char *zSep
){
  i64 j, n = 0;
  int i;
  char *z;
  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    n += sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
  }
  n += (argc-1)*(i64)nSep;
  z = sqlite3_malloc64(n+1);
  if( z==0 ){
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
    return;
  }
  j = 0;
  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
      int k = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);

      const char *v = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      if( v!=0 ){
        if( j>0 && nSep>0 ){
          memcpy(&z[j], zSep, nSep);
          j += nSep;
        }
        memcpy(&z[j], v, k);

  char *zColAff;
  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict ){
    if( iReg==0 ){
      /* Move the previous opcode (which should be OP_MakeRecord) forward
      ** by one slot and insert a new OP_TypeCheck where the current
      ** OP_MakeRecord is found */
      VdbeOp *pPrev;
      int p3;
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pTab, P4_TABLE);
      pPrev = sqlite3VdbeGetLastOp(v);
      assert( pPrev!=0 );
      assert( pPrev->opcode==OP_MakeRecord || sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed );
      pPrev->opcode = OP_TypeCheck;
      p3 = pPrev->p3;
      pPrev->p3 = 0;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, pPrev->p1, pPrev->p2, p3);
    }else{
      /* Insert an isolated OP_Typecheck */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_TypeCheck, iReg, pTab->nNVCol);
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pTab, P4_TABLE);
    }
    return;
  }

  LogEst truthProb;       /* Probability of truth for this expression */
  u16 wtFlags;            /* TERM_xxx bit flags.  See below */
  u16 eOperator;          /* A WO_xx value describing <op> */
  u8 nChild;              /* Number of children that must disable us */
  u8 eMatchOp;            /* Op for vtab MATCH/LIKE/GLOB/REGEXP terms */
  int iParent;            /* Disable pWC->a[iParent] when this term disabled */
  int leftCursor;         /* Cursor number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int iTerm;              /* Which WhereTerm is this, for debug purposes */
#endif
  union {
    struct {
      int leftColumn;         /* Column number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
      int iField;             /* Field in (?,?,?) IN (SELECT...) vector */
    } x;                    /* Opcode other than OP_OR or OP_AND */
    WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;   /* Extra information if (eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 */
    WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo; /* Extra information if (eOperator& WO_AND)!=0 */

      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Le);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Lt);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Ge);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Gt);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC | SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    }
  }else if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED ){
    /* Case 4: Search using an index.
    **
    ** The WHERE clause may contain zero or more equality
    ** terms ("==" or "IN" or "IS" operators) that refer to the N
    ** left-most columns of the index. It may also contain
    ** inequality constraints (>, <, >= or <=) on the indexed
    ** column that immediately follows the N equalities. Only
    ** the right-most column can be an inequality - the rest must
    ** use the "==", "IN", or "IS" operators. For example, if the
    ** index is on (x,y,z), then the following clauses are all
    ** optimized:
    **
    **    x=5
    **    x=5 AND y=10
    **    x=5 AND y<10
    **    x=5 AND y>5 AND y<10
    **    x=5 AND y=5 AND z<=10
    **
    ** The z<10 term of the following cannot be used, only
    ** the x=5 term:
    **
    **    x=5 AND z<10
    **
    ** N may be zero if there are inequality constraints.
    ** If there are no inequality constraints, then N is at
    ** least one.
    **
    ** This case is also used when there are no WHERE clause
    ** constraints but an index is selected anyway, in order
    ** to force the output order to conform to an ORDER BY.
    */
    static const u8 aStartOp[] = {
      0,
      0,
      OP_Rewind,           /* 2: (!start_constraints && startEq &&  !bRev) */
      OP_Last,             /* 3: (!start_constraints && startEq &&   bRev) */
      OP_SeekGT,           /* 4: (start_constraints  && !startEq && !bRev) */

/*
** We already know that pExpr is a binary operator where both operands are
** column references.  This routine checks to see if pExpr is an equivalence
** relation:
**   1.  The SQLITE_Transitive optimization must be enabled
**   2.  Must be either an == or an IS operator
**   3.  Not originating in the ON clause of an OUTER JOIN
**   4.  The operator is not IS or else the query does not contain RIGHT JOIN
**   5.  The affinities of A and B must be compatible
**   6a. Both operands use the same collating sequence OR
**   6b. The overall collating sequence is BINARY
** If this routine returns TRUE, that means that the RHS can be substituted
** for the LHS anyplace else in the WHERE clause where the LHS column occurs.
** This is an optimization.  No harm comes from returning 0.  But if 1 is
** returned when it should not be, then incorrect answers might result.
*/
static int termIsEquivalence(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, SrcList *pSrc){
  char aff1, aff2;
  CollSeq *pColl;
  if( !OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Transitive) ) return 0;  /* (1) */
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ && pExpr->op!=TK_IS ) return 0;                 /* (2) */
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) ) return 0;                   /* (3) */
  assert( pSrc!=0 );
  if( pExpr->op==TK_IS
   && pSrc->nSrc
   && (pSrc->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)!=0
  ){
    return 0;                                                          /* (4) */
  }
  aff1 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  aff2 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pRight);
  if( aff1!=aff2
   && (!sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff1) || !sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff2))
  ){
    return 0;                                                          /* (5) */
  }
  pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
  if( !sqlite3IsBinary(pColl)
   && !sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight)
  ){
    return 0;                                                          /* (6) */
  }
  return 1;
}

/*
** Recursively walk the expressions of a SELECT statement and generate
** a bitmask indicating which tables are used in that expression
** tree.
*/

  int nLeft;                       /* Number of elements on left side vector */

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    return;
  }
  assert( pWC->nTerm > idxTerm );
  pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  pTerm->iTerm = idxTerm;
#endif
  pMaskSet = &pWInfo->sMaskSet;
  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
  assert( pExpr!=0 ); /* Because malloc() has not failed */
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AS && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE );
  pMaskSet->bVarSelect = 0;
  prereqLeft = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
  op = pExpr->op;

        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pDup, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        if( idxNew==0 ) return;
        pNew = &pWC->a[idxNew];
        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
        if( op==TK_IS ) pNew->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
        assert( pWInfo->pTabList!=0 );
        if( termIsEquivalence(pParse, pDup, pWInfo->pTabList) ){
          pTerm->eOperator |= WO_EQUIV;
          eExtraOp = WO_EQUIV;
        }
      }else{
        pDup = pExpr;
        pNew = pTerm;
      }

            ){
              testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
              continue;
            }
            pScan->pWC = pWC;
            pScan->k = k+1;
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
            if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x20000)!=0 && pScan->nEquiv>1 ){
              int ii;
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("EQUIVALENT TO {%d:%d} (due to TERM-%d):",
                 pScan->aiCur[0], pScan->aiColumn[0], pTerm->iTerm);
              for(ii=1; ii<pScan->nEquiv; ii++){
                sqlite3DebugPrintf(" {%d:%d}",
                   pScan->aiCur[ii], pScan->aiColumn[ii]);
              }
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
            }
#endif
            return pTerm;

                       pTerm->leftCursor, pTerm->u.x.leftColumn);
    }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 && pTerm->u.pOrInfo!=0 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"indexable=0x%llx",
                       pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable);
    }else{
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"left=%d", pTerm->leftCursor);
    }
    iTerm = pTerm->iTerm = MAX(iTerm,pTerm->iTerm);
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(
       "TERM-%-3d %p %s %-12s op=%03x wtFlags=%04x",
       iTerm, pTerm, zType, zLeft, pTerm->eOperator, pTerm->wtFlags);
    /* The 0x10000 .wheretrace flag causes extra information to be
    ** shown about each Term */
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10000 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" prob=%-3d prereq=%llx,%llx",

  int bBOC = ((flags & SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT) ? 1 : 0);
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
#endif
  if( ms<-1 ) return SQLITE_RANGE;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->setlkTimeout = ms;
  db->setlkFlags = flags;
  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  for(iDb=0; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++){
    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
    if( pBt ){
      sqlite3_file *fd = sqlite3PagerFile(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
      sqlite3OsFileControlHint(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT, (void*)&bBOC);
    }
  }
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
#endif
#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT)
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(flags);
#endif
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

static void fts5SourceIdFunc(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Function call context */
  int nArg,                       /* Number of args */
  sqlite3_value **apUnused        /* Function arguments */
){
  assert( nArg==0 );
  UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2025-06-19 20:19:12 a88bb75288a06492a04ab1278e8a2101a74f4ba712d328b4c73e86ac01cb946d", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
}

/*
** Implementation of fts5_locale(LOCALE, TEXT) function.
**
** If parameter LOCALE is NULL, or a zero-length string, then a copy of
** TEXT is returned. Otherwise, both LOCALE and TEXT are interpreted as

  }

  ctx.pStorage = p;
  ctx.iCol = -1;
  for(iCol=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && iCol<=pConfig->nCol; iCol++){
    if( pConfig->abUnindexed[iCol-1]==0 ){
      sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
      sqlite3_value *pFree = 0;
      const char *pText = 0;
      int nText = 0;
      const char *pLoc = 0;
      int nLoc = 0;

      assert( pSeek==0 || apVal==0 );
      assert( pSeek!=0 || apVal!=0 );
      if( pSeek ){
        pVal = sqlite3_column_value(pSeek, iCol);
      }else{
        pVal = apVal[iCol-1];
      }

      if( pConfig->bLocale && sqlite3Fts5IsLocaleValue(pConfig, pVal) ){
        rc = sqlite3Fts5DecodeLocaleValue(pVal, &pText, &nText, &pLoc, &nLoc);
      }else{
        if( sqlite3_value_type(pVal)!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
          /* Make a copy of the value to work with. This is because the call
          ** to sqlite3_value_text() below forces the type of the value to
          ** SQLITE_TEXT, and we may need to use it again later. */
          pFree = pVal = sqlite3_value_dup(pVal);
          if( pVal==0 ){
            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
          }
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          pText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
          nText = sqlite3_value_bytes(pVal);
          if( pConfig->bLocale && pSeek ){
            pLoc = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSeek, iCol+pConfig->nCol);
            nLoc = sqlite3_column_bytes(pSeek, iCol + pConfig->nCol);
          }
        }
      }

      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3Fts5SetLocale(pConfig, pLoc, nLoc);
        ctx.szCol = 0;
        rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT,
            pText, nText, (void*)&ctx, fts5StorageInsertCallback
        );
        p->aTotalSize[iCol-1] -= (i64)ctx.szCol;
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->aTotalSize[iCol-1]<0 ){
          rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
        }
        sqlite3Fts5ClearLocale(pConfig);
      }
      sqlite3_value_free(pFree);
    }
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->nTotalRow<1 ){
    rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
  }else{
    p->nTotalRow--;
  }

**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.51.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3051000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2025-06-19 20:19:12 a88bb75288a06492a04ab1278e8a2101a74f4ba712d328b4c73e86ac01cb946d"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
**
** These interfaces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
** are not useful outside of that context.
**
** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
** an array P of N URI Key/Value pairs.  The result from
** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
** is safe to pass to routines like:
** <ul>
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],

/*
** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of the following
** templates:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN
** <li>  :VVV
** <li>  @VVV

** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
** otherwise.
**
** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
** found in the first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
**
** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
** is negative, then the length of the string is
** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
** the behavior is undefined.
** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
** that parameter must be the byte offset
** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
** with embedded NULs is undefined.
**
** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
** These three options exist:

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in a
** [SELECT] statement.
** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
** the origin_ routines return the column name.
** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically

** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
**
** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
** used inside of triggers, views, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
** the database schema.  This flag is especially recommended for SQL
** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
** the database file is opened and read.
**
** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the

** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
** of aggregate window functions are
** [user-defined window functions|available here].
**
** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is the destructor for
** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
**

** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
**
** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
** entry point were as follows:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
** &nbsp;  );

**
** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
** when a new virtual table is being created or reinitialized.
**
** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
** ^The sqlite3_create_module()

** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
** read-only access.
**
** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
** on *ppBlob after this function returns.
**
** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
** <ul>
**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,

/*
** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
**
** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwrite existing
** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
**
** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
*/

** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
** database is modified by using the same database connection as is used
** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
** updated at the same time.
**
** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
**
** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
**
** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless of whether or not
** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
**
** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of

SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface is invoked, any dirty
** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
** any [attached] databases.
**