Fossil

<h1>Bug-Tracking In <a href="index.wiki">Fossil</a></h1>

A bug-report in fossil is called a "ticket".  Tickets are tracked
separately from code check-ins (baselines).

Some other distributed bug-tracking systems store tickets as files within
the source tree and thereby leverage the syncing and merging capabilities
of the versioning system to sync and merge tickets.  This approach is
rejected in fossil for three reasons:

  1.  Check-ins (a.k.a. "baselines") in fossil are immutable.  So if
      tickets were part of the check-in, then there would no way to add
      new tickets to a check-in as new bugs are discovered.

  2.  Any project of reasonable size and complexity will generate thousands
      and thousands of tickets, and we do not want all those ticket files
      cluttering the source tree.

  3.  We want tickets to be managed from the web interface and to have a
      permission system that is distinct from check-in permissions.
      In other words, we do not want to restrict the creation and editing
      of tickets to developers with check-in privileges and an installed
      copy of the fossil executable.  Casual passers-by on the internet should
      be permitted to create tickets.

Recall that a fossil repository consists of an
unordered collection of <i>artifacts</i>.  (See the
<a href="fileformat.wiki">file format document</a> for details.)
Some artifacts have a special format, and among those are
<a href="fileformat.wiki#tktchng">Ticket Change Artifacts</a>.
One or more ticket change artifacts are associated with each 
ticket.  A ticket is created by a ticket change artifact.
Each subsequent modification of the ticket is a separate artifact.

The "push", "pull", and "sync" algorithms shared ticket change artifacts
between repositories in the same way as every other artifact.  In fact,
the sync algorithm has no knowledge of the meaning of the artifacts it
is syncing.  As far as the sync algorithm is concerned, all artifacts are
alike.  After the sync has occurs, the individual repositories must try
to make sense of the meaning of the various artifacts for themselves.

<h2>Interpretation Of Ticket Change Artifacts</h2>

Every ticket change artifact contains (among other things)

  *  a timestamp,
  *  a ticket UUID, and
  *  one or more name/value pairs.

The current state of a ticket is found by replaying all ticket
change artifacts with the same ticket UUID in timestamp order.
For a given ticket, all values are initially NULL.  As each
ticket change artifact is encountered, values are either replaced
or appended, according to a flag on the name/value pair.  The current
values for the fields of a ticket are the values that remain at the
end of the replay process.

To create a new ticket, on has merely to insert a ticket change
artifact with a randomly generated ticket UUID.  The ticket UUID
is a random 40-character lower-case hexadecimal number.  New
ticket UUIDs should be chosen using good randomness so that two
ore more users do not accidently cause a conflict by generating
the same UUID.  The name/value pairs on the initial ticket change
artifact are the initial values for the fields in the ticket.

Amending a ticket means simply creating a new artifact with the
same ticket UUID and with name/value pairs for those fields which
are changing.  Fields of the ticket which are not being modified
should not appear as name/value pairs in the new artifact.

This approach to storing ticket state means that independently entered
changes are automatically merged together when artifacts are shared
between repositories.  Tickets do not branch.  This approach also makes
it trivial to track the historic progression of changes to a ticket.

In order for this scheme to work, the system clocks on machines that
add new ticket changes artifacts have to be set close to reality.
It is OK for a ticket change artifact timestamp to be off by a few
minutes or even a few hours.  But if a timestamp on a ticket change
artifact is off by months or years, it can seriously confuse the
replay algorithm for determining the current ticket state.  There
are techniques available to cause rogue artifacts to be ignored
by fossil.  So if a ticket change artifact with a bad timestamp
does get into a repository, it can be removed by an adminstrator.
But the best approach is to take steps to insure that timestamps
are approximately correct in the first place.

<h2>Local Configuration</h2>

The ticket change artifacts are part of the global state for a project.
The global state is that which is shared between repositories during
a sync.  Each repository also has local state which is not (normally)
shared.  The name/value pairs for a ticket are part of global state,
but the interpretation and display of that information is local state.
Hence, each repository is free to set up its own ticket display and
input formats and reporting rules according to its own particular needs.

Each repository defines its own TICKET table in its database.  There is
one row in the TICKET table for each unique ticket UUID.  The
names of columns in the TICKET table correspond to the names in
the name/value pairs of ticket change artifacts.  When running the replay
algorithm, if a name/value pair is seen which has no corresponding column
in the TICKET table, then that name/value pair is ignored.

Each repository also defines scripts used to generate web pages for
creating new tickets, viewing existing tickets, and modifying an
existing ticket.  These scripts consist of HTML with an embedded
scripts written an a TCL-like language called "TH1".  Each fossil
repository is create with default scripts.  There is currently no
documentation on the TH1 langauage.  Administrators wishing to
customize their ticket entry, viewing, and editing screens should
modify the default scripts to suit their needs.

<p>The W card is used to specify the text of the wiki page.  The
argument to the W card is an integer which is the number of bytes
of text in the wiki page.  That text follows the newline character
that terminates the W card.  The wiki text is always followed by one
extra newline.</p>

<a name="tktchng"></a>
<h2>5.0 Ticket Changes</h2>

<p>A ticket-change artifact represents a change to a trouble ticket.
The following cards are allowed on a ticket change artifact:</p>

<blockquote>
<b>D</b> <i>time-and-date-stamp</i><br />

<h1>Fossil: Distributed Revision Control, Wiki, and Bug-Tracking</h1>

<p>
Fossil is a new 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control">
distributed software revision control system</a> that includes an integrated
<a href="../../../wiki_rules">wiki</a> and an integrated

<a href="bugtheory.wiki">bug-tracking system</a> all in a single, 
easy-to-use, stand-alone executable.


Fossil is
<a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/fossil/timeline">self-hosting</a>
since 2007-07-21 on
<a href="http://www.hwaci.com/cgi-bin/fossil/timeline">two separate servers</a>.
You can download the <a href="../../../timeline">lastest sources</a> and
<a href="build.wiki">compile it yourself</a>.
Or you can grab
<a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/download.html">precompiled binaries</a>.
</p>

<p>Features Of Fossil:</p>

<ul>
<li>Supports disconnected, distributed development (like
<a href="http://kerneltrap.org/node/4982">git</a>,
<a href="http://www.monotone.ca/">monotone</a>,
<a href="http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/index.cgi">mercurial</a>, or
<a href="http://www.bitkeeper.com/">bitkeeper</a>)
or client/server operation (like 
<a href="http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</a> or
<a href="http://subversion.tigris.org/">subversion</a>),
or operations on local repositories,
or all three at the same time</li>
<li>Integrated <a href="bugtheory.wiki">bug tracking</a> and 
<a href="../../../wiki_rules">wiki</a>, inspired by
<a href="http://www.cvstrac.org/">CVSTrac</a> and
<a href="http://www.edgewall.com/trac/">Trac</a> but enhanced to
support distributed, disconnected operation.</li>
<li>Built-in web interface that supports deep archaeological digs through
the project history.</li>
<li>All network communication via 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP">HTTP</a> with 
<a href="quickstart.wiki#proxy">proxy support</a>
so that everything works from behind restrictive firewalls.</li>
<li>Everything (client, server, and utilities) is included in a 
single self-contained executable - trivial to install</li>
<li>Server runs as <a href="http://www.w3.org/CGI/">CGI</a>, using
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inetd">inetd</a>/<a
 href="http://www.xinetd.org/">xinetd</a>, or using its own built-in,
standalone web server.</li>
<li>An entire project contained in single disk file (which also

<li>The <a href="concepts.wiki">concepts</b> behind fossil</li>
<li><a href="build.wiki">Building And Installing</a></li>
<li><a href="quickstart.wiki">Quick Start</a> guide to using fossil
<li>Fossil supports <a href="embeddeddoc.wiki">embedded documentation</a>
    that is versioned along with project source code.</li>
<li>The <a href="selfcheck.wiki">automatic self-check</a> mechanism
helps insure project integrity.</li>
<li>Fossil contains a <a href="../../../wiki">built-in wiki</a>.</li>
<li>There is a
    <a href="http://lists.fossil-scm.org:8080/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fossil-users">
    mailing list</a> available for discussing fossil issues.</li>
</ul>

<p>Developer Links: </p>