Fossil

  const char *z2 = z;
  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
  return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
}

/*
** Return the length of a string in characters.  Multibyte UTF8 characters
** count as a single character for single-width characters, or as two
** characters for double-width characters.
*/
static int strlenChar(const char *z){
  int n = 0;
  while( *z ){
    if( (0x80&z[0])==0 ){
      n++;
      z++;
    }else{
      int u = 0;
      int len = decodeUtf8((const u8*)z, &u);
      z += len;
      n += cli_wcwidth(u);
    }
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Return open FILE * if zFile exists, can be opened for read
** and is an ordinary file or a character stream source.

** below by the ../tool/mkshellc.tcl script.  Before processing that included
** code, we need to override some macros to make the included program code
** work here in the middle of this regular program.
*/
#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(X) (void)(X)


/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/windirent.h ******************/
/*
** 2025-06-05
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** An implementation of opendir(), readdir(), and closedir() for Windows,
** based on the FindFirstFile(), FindNextFile(), and FindClose() APIs
** of Win32.
**
** #include this file inside any C-code module that needs to use
** opendir()/readdir()/closedir().  This file is a no-op on non-Windows
** machines.  On Windows, static functions are defined that implement
** those standard interfaces.
*/

#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H)
#define SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H





#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <io.h>











#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>




#ifndef FILENAME_MAX
# define FILENAME_MAX (260)
#endif

#ifndef S_ISREG
#define S_ISREG(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
#endif

#ifndef S_ISDIR
#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif























#ifndef S_ISLNK



#define S_ISLNK(m) (0)

#endif
typedef unsigned short mode_t;







/* The dirent object for Windows is abbreviated.  The only field really



** usable by applications is d_name[].


*/





struct dirent {
 int d_ino;                  /* Inode number (synthesized) */
 unsigned d_attributes;      /* File attributes */
 char d_name[FILENAME_MAX];  /* Null-terminated filename */
};


/* The internals of DIR are opaque according to standards.  So it

** does not matter what we put here. */
typedef struct DIR DIR;

struct DIR {
  intptr_t d_handle;         /* Handle for findfirst()/findnext() */
  struct dirent cur;         /* Current entry */

};








/* Ignore hidden and system files */
#define WindowsFileToIgnore(a) \
    ((((a).attrib)&_A_HIDDEN) || (((a).attrib)&_A_SYSTEM))























/*
** Close a previously opened directory











*/
static int closedir(DIR *pDir){
  int rc = 0;
  if( pDir==0 ){
    return EINVAL;
  }


  if( pDir->d_handle!=0 && pDir->d_handle!=(-1) ){
    rc = _findclose(pDir->d_handle);
  }






  sqlite3_free(pDir);


  return rc;
}



/*


** Open a new directory.  The directory name should be UTF-8 encoded.
** appropriate translations happen automatically.
*/
static DIR *opendir(const char *zDirName){
  DIR *pDir;

  wchar_t *b1;
  sqlite3_int64 sz;
  struct _wfinddata_t data;






  pDir = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(DIR) );



  if( pDir==0 ) return 0;



  memset(pDir, 0, sizeof(DIR));
  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
  sz = strlen(zDirName);
  b1 = sqlite3_malloc64( (sz+3)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
  if( b1==0 ){
    closedir(pDir);
    return NULL;

  }

  sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zDirName, sz, b1, sz);
  b1[sz++] = '\\';
  b1[sz++] = '*';
  b1[sz] = 0;
  if( sz+1>sizeof(data.name)/sizeof(data.name[0]) ){
    closedir(pDir);
    sqlite3_free(b1);

    return NULL;
  }
  memcpy(data.name, b1, (sz+1)*sizeof(b1[0]));


  sqlite3_free(b1);
  pDir->d_handle = _wfindfirst(data.name, &data);

  if( pDir->d_handle<0 ){
    closedir(pDir);
    return NULL;
  }
  while( WindowsFileToIgnore(data) ){




    memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
    if( _wfindnext(pDir->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
      closedir(pDir);
      return NULL;
    }
  }



  pDir->cur.d_ino = 0;
  pDir->cur.d_attributes = data.attrib;
  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, data.name, -1,

                      pDir->cur.d_name, FILENAME_MAX, 0, 0);
  return pDir;
}






























/*


** Read the next entry from a directory.
**
** The returned struct-dirent object is managed by DIR.  It is only
** valid until the next readdir() or closedir() call.  Only the
** d_name[] field is meaningful.  The d_name[] value has been
** translated into UTF8.
*/
static struct dirent *readdir(DIR *pDir){




  struct _wfinddata_t data;

  if( pDir==0 ) return 0;
  if( (pDir->cur.d_ino++)==0 ){










    return &pDir->cur;
  }
  do{


    memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
    if( _wfindnext(pDir->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){

      return NULL;
    }
  }while( WindowsFileToIgnore(data) );




  pDir->cur.d_attributes = data.attrib;
  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, data.name, -1,

                      pDir->cur.d_name, FILENAME_MAX, 0, 0);

  return &pDir->cur;
}



















#endif /* defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) */

/************************* End ../ext/misc/windirent.h ********************/


/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/memtrace.c ******************/
/*
** 2019-01-21
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**

**
**     name:  Path to file or directory (text value).
**     mode:  Value of stat.st_mode for directory entry (an integer).
**     mtime: Value of stat.st_mtime for directory entry (an integer).
**     data:  For a regular file, a blob containing the file data. For a
**            symlink, a text value containing the text of the link. For a
**            directory, NULL.
**     level: Directory hierarchy level.  Topmost is 1.
**
**   If a non-NULL value is specified for the optional $dir parameter and
**   $path is a relative path, then $path is interpreted relative to $dir. 
**   And the paths returned in the "name" column of the table are also 
**   relative to directory $dir.
**
** Notes on building this extension for Windows:

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <dirent.h>
#  include <utime.h>
#  include <sys/time.h>
#  define STRUCT_STAT struct stat
#else
/* #  include "windirent.h" */

#  include <direct.h>

#  define STRUCT_STAT struct _stat

#  define chmod(path,mode) fileio_chmod(path,mode)




#  define mkdir(path,mode) fileio_mkdir(path)

#endif
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>

/* When used as part of the CLI, the sqlite3_stdio.h module will have
** been included before this one. In that case use the sqlite3_stdio.h
** #defines.  If not, create our own for fopen().
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE3_STDIO_H_
# define sqlite3_fopen fopen
#endif

/*
** Structure of the fsdir() table-valued function
*/
                 /*    0    1    2     3    4     5           6          */
#define FSDIR_SCHEMA "(name,mode,mtime,data,level,path HIDDEN,dir HIDDEN)"

#define FSDIR_COLUMN_NAME     0     /* Name of the file */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_MODE     1     /* Access mode */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_MTIME    2     /* Last modification time */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_DATA     3     /* File content */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL    4     /* Level.  Topmost is 1 */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH     5     /* Path to top of search */
#define FSDIR_COLUMN_DIR      6     /* Path is relative to this directory */

/*
** UTF8 chmod() function for Windows
*/
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
static int fileio_chmod(const char *zPath, int pmode){
  sqlite3_int64 sz = strlen(zPath);
  wchar_t *b1 = sqlite3_malloc64( (sz+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
  int rc;
  if( b1==0 ) return -1;
  sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, sz, b1, sz);
  b1[sz] = 0;
  rc = _wchmod(b1, pmode);
  sqlite3_free(b1);
  return rc;
}
#endif

/*
** UTF8 mkdir() function for Windows
*/
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
static int fileio_mkdir(const char *zPath){
  sqlite3_int64 sz = strlen(zPath);
  wchar_t *b1 = sqlite3_malloc64( (sz+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
  int rc;
  if( b1==0 ) return -1;
  sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, sz, b1, sz);
  b1[sz] = 0;
  rc = _wmkdir(b1);
  sqlite3_free(b1);
  return rc;
}
#endif


/*
** Set the result stored by context ctx to a blob containing the 
** contents of file zName.  Or, leave the result unchanged (NULL)
** if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
**

/*
** This function attempts to normalize the time values found in the stat()
** buffer to UTC.  This is necessary on Win32, where the runtime library
** appears to return these values as local times.
*/
static void statTimesToUtc(
  const char *zPath,
  STRUCT_STAT *pStatBuf
){
  HANDLE hFindFile;
  WIN32_FIND_DATAW fd;
  LPWSTR zUnicodeName;
  extern LPWSTR sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(const char*);
  zUnicodeName = sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(zPath);
  if( zUnicodeName ){

/*
** This function is used in place of stat().  On Windows, special handling
** is required in order for the included time to be returned as UTC.  On all
** other systems, this function simply calls stat().
*/
static int fileStat(
  const char *zPath,
  STRUCT_STAT *pStatBuf
){
#if defined(_WIN32)
  sqlite3_int64 sz = strlen(zPath);
  wchar_t *b1 = sqlite3_malloc64( (sz+1)*sizeof(b1[0]) );
  int rc;
  if( b1==0 ) return 1;
  sz = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, sz, b1, sz);
  b1[sz] = 0;
  rc = _wstat(b1, pStatBuf);
  if( rc==0 ) statTimesToUtc(zPath, pStatBuf);
  return rc;
#else
  return stat(zPath, pStatBuf);
#endif
}

/*
** This function is used in place of lstat().  On Windows, special handling
** is required in order for the included time to be returned as UTC.  On all
** other systems, this function simply calls lstat().
*/
static int fileLinkStat(
  const char *zPath,
  STRUCT_STAT *pStatBuf
){
#if defined(_WIN32)
  return fileStat(zPath, pStatBuf);


#else
  return lstat(zPath, pStatBuf);
#endif
}

/*
** Argument zFile is the name of a file that will be created and/or written

  if( zCopy==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    int nCopy = (int)strlen(zCopy);
    int i = 1;

    while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      STRUCT_STAT sStat;
      int rc2;

      for(; zCopy[i]!='/' && i<nCopy; i++);
      if( i==nCopy ) break;
      zCopy[i] = '\0';

      rc2 = fileStat(zCopy, &sStat);

  {
    if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){
      if( mkdir(zFile, mode) ){
        /* The mkdir() call to create the directory failed. This might not
        ** be an error though - if there is already a directory at the same
        ** path and either the permissions already match or can be changed
        ** to do so using chmod(), it is not an error.  */
        STRUCT_STAT sStat;
        if( errno!=EEXIST
         || 0!=fileStat(zFile, &sStat)
         || !S_ISDIR(sStat.st_mode)
         || ((sStat.st_mode&0777)!=(mode&0777) && 0!=chmod(zFile, mode&0777))
        ){
          return 1;
        }

  char *zDir;                /* Name of directory (nul-terminated) */
};

struct fsdir_cursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */

  int nLvl;                  /* Number of entries in aLvl[] array */
  int mxLvl;                 /* Maximum level */
  int iLvl;                  /* Index of current entry */
  FsdirLevel *aLvl;          /* Hierarchy of directories being traversed */

  const char *zBase;
  int nBase;

  STRUCT_STAT sStat;         /* Current lstat() results */
  char *zPath;               /* Path to current entry */
  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* Current rowid */
};

typedef struct fsdir_tab fsdir_tab;
struct fsdir_tab {
  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */

** Advance an fsdir_cursor to its next row of output.
*/
static int fsdirNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
  mode_t m = pCur->sStat.st_mode;

  pCur->iRowid++;
  if( S_ISDIR(m) && pCur->iLvl+3<pCur->mxLvl ){
    /* Descend into this directory */
    int iNew = pCur->iLvl + 1;
    FsdirLevel *pLvl;
    if( iNew>=pCur->nLvl ){
      int nNew = iNew+1;
      sqlite3_int64 nByte = nNew*sizeof(FsdirLevel);
      FsdirLevel *aNew = (FsdirLevel*)sqlite3_realloc64(pCur->aLvl, nByte);

        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, aBuf, n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
        if( aBuf!=aStatic ) sqlite3_free(aBuf);
#endif
      }else{
        readFileContents(ctx, pCur->zPath);
      }
      break;
    }
    case FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL:
      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCur->iLvl+2);
      break;
    case FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH:
    default: {
      /* The FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH and FSDIR_COLUMN_DIR are input parameters.
      ** always return their values as NULL */
      break;
    }
  }

  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
  return (pCur->zPath==0);
}

/*
** xFilter callback.
**
** idxNum bit      Meaning
**     0x01         PATH=N
**     0x02         DIR=N
**     0x04         LEVEL<N
**     0x08         LEVEL<=N  
*/
static int fsdirFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  const char *zDir = 0;
  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
  int i;
  (void)idxStr;
  fsdirResetCursor(pCur);

  if( idxNum==0 ){
    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires an argument");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  assert( (idxNum & 0x01)!=0 && argc>0 );
  zDir = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  if( zDir==0 ){
    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires a non-NULL argument");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  i = 1;
  if( (idxNum & 0x02)!=0 ){
    assert( argc>i );
    pCur->zBase = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i++]);
  }
  if( (idxNum & 0x0c)!=0 ){
    assert( argc>i );
    pCur->mxLvl = sqlite3_value_int(argv[i++]);
    if( idxNum & 0x08 ) pCur->mxLvl++;
    if( pCur->mxLvl<=0 ) pCur->mxLvl = 1000000000;
  }else{
    pCur->mxLvl = 1000000000;
  }
  if( pCur->zBase ){
    pCur->nBase = (int)strlen(pCur->zBase)+1;
    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/%s", pCur->zBase, zDir);
  }else{
    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zDir);
  }

** that uses the generate_series virtual table.  This routine needs to create
** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
** plan.
**
** In this implementation idxNum is used to represent the
** query plan.  idxStr is unused.
**
** The query plan is represented by bits in idxNum:
**
**  0x01  The path value is supplied by argv[0]
**  0x02  dir is in argv[1]
**  0x04  maxdepth is in argv[1] or [2]
*/
static int fsdirBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
  int idxPath = -1;      /* Index in pIdxInfo->aConstraint of PATH= */
  int idxDir = -1;       /* Index in pIdxInfo->aConstraint of DIR= */
  int idxLevel = -1;     /* Index in pIdxInfo->aConstraint of LEVEL< or <= */
  int idxLevelEQ = 0;    /* 0x08 for LEVEL<= or LEVEL=.  0x04 for LEVEL< */
  int omitLevel = 0;     /* omit the LEVEL constraint */
  int seenPath = 0;      /* True if an unusable PATH= constraint is seen */
  int seenDir = 0;       /* True if an unusable DIR= constraint is seen */
  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;

  (void)tab;
  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
      switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
        case FSDIR_COLUMN_PATH: {
          if( pConstraint->usable ){
            idxPath = i;
            seenPath = 0;
          }else if( idxPath<0 ){
            seenPath = 1;
          }
          break;
        }
        case FSDIR_COLUMN_DIR: {
          if( pConstraint->usable ){
            idxDir = i;
            seenDir = 0;
          }else if( idxDir<0 ){
            seenDir = 1;
          }
          break;
        }
        case FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL: {
          if( pConstraint->usable && idxLevel<0 ){
            idxLevel = i;
            idxLevelEQ = 0x08;
            omitLevel = 0;
          }
          break;
        }
      }
    }else
    if( pConstraint->iColumn==FSDIR_COLUMN_LEVEL
     && pConstraint->usable
     && idxLevel<0
    ){
      if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE ){
        idxLevel = i;
        idxLevelEQ = 0x08;
        omitLevel = 1;
      }else if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT ){
        idxLevel = i;
        idxLevelEQ = 0x04;
        omitLevel = 1;
      }
    } 
  }
  if( seenPath || seenDir ){
    /* If input parameters are unusable, disallow this plan */
    return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
  }

  if( idxPath<0 ){
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
    /* The pIdxInfo->estimatedCost should have been initialized to a huge
    ** number.  Leave it unchanged. */
    pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 0x7fffffff;
  }else{
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxPath].omit = 1;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxPath].argvIndex = 1;
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0x01;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0e9;
    i = 2;
    if( idxDir>=0 ){
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxDir].omit = 1;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxDir].argvIndex = i++;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum |= 0x02;
      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost /= 1.0e4;
    }
    if( idxLevel>=0 ){
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxLevel].omit = omitLevel;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idxLevel].argvIndex = i++;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum |= idxLevelEQ;
      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost /= 1.0e4;
    }
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

    case SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE:           zOp = "OVERWRITE";           break;
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME:             zOp = "VFSNAME";             break;
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE: zOp = "POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE"; break;
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA: {
      const char *const* a = (const char*const*)pArg;
      if( a[1] && strcmp(a[1],"vfstrace")==0 && a[2] ){
        const u8 *zArg = (const u8*)a[2];
        if( zArg[0]>='0' && zArg[0]<='9' ){
          pInfo->mTrace = (sqlite3_uint64)strtoll(a[2], 0, 0);
        }else{
          static const struct {
            const char *z;
            unsigned int m;
          } aKw[] = {
            { "all",                   0xffffffff   },

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  ".www                     Display output of the next command in web browser",
  "    --plain                 Show results as text/plain, not as HTML",
#endif
};

/*
** Output help text for commands that match zPattern.
**

**    *   If zPattern is NULL, then show all documented commands, but
**        only give a one-line summary of each.
**
**    *   If zPattern is "-a" or "-all" or "--all" then show all help text
**        for all commands except undocumented commands.
**
**    *   If zPattern is "0" then show all help for undocumented commands.
**        Undocumented commands begin with "," instead of "." in the azHelp[]
**        array.
**
**    *   If zPattern is a prefix for one or more documented commands, then
**        show help for those commands.  If only a single command matches the
**        prefix, show the full text of the help.  If multiple commands match,
**        Only show just the first line of each.
**
**    *   Otherwise, show the complete text of any documented command for which
**        zPattern is a LIKE match for any text within that command help
**        text.
**
** Return the number commands that match zPattern.
*/
static int showHelp(FILE *out, const char *zPattern){
  int i = 0;
  int j = 0;
  int n = 0;
  char *zPat;
  if( zPattern==0 ){
    /* Show just the first line for all help topics */
    zPattern = "[a-z]";
  }else if( cli_strcmp(zPattern,"-a")==0
         || cli_strcmp(zPattern,"-all")==0
         || cli_strcmp(zPattern,"--all")==0
  ){



    /* Show everything except undocumented commands */
    zPattern = ".";
  }else if( cli_strcmp(zPattern,"0")==0 ){
    /* Show complete help text of undocumented commands */

    int show = 0;




    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azHelp); i++){
      if( azHelp[i][0]=='.' ){

        show = 0;

      }else if( azHelp[i][0]==',' ){
        show = 1;







        sqlite3_fprintf(out, ".%s\n", &azHelp[i][1]);
        n++;
      }else if( show ){
        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
      }
    }
    return n;
  }

  /* Seek documented commands for which zPattern is an exact prefix */
  zPat = sqlite3_mprintf(".%s*", zPattern);
  shell_check_oom(zPat);
  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azHelp); i++){
    if( sqlite3_strglob(zPat, azHelp[i])==0 ){
      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
      j = i+1;
      n++;
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(zPat);
  if( n ){
    if( n==1 ){
      /* when zPattern is a prefix of exactly one command, then include
      ** the details of that command, which should begin at offset j */
      while( j<ArraySize(azHelp)-1 && azHelp[j][0]==' ' ){
        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
        j++;
      }
    }
    return n;
  }

  /* Look for documented commands that contain zPattern anywhere.
  ** Show complete text of all documented commands that match. */
  zPat = sqlite3_mprintf("%%%s%%", zPattern);
  shell_check_oom(zPat);
  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azHelp); i++){
    if( azHelp[i][0]==',' ){
      while( i<ArraySize(azHelp)-1 && azHelp[i+1][0]==' ' ) ++i;
      continue;
    }
    if( azHelp[i][0]=='.' ) j = i;
    if( sqlite3_strlike(zPat, azHelp[i], 0)==0 ){
      sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
      while( j<ArraySize(azHelp)-1 && azHelp[j+1][0]==' ' ){
        j++;
        sqlite3_fprintf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[j]);
      }
      i = j;
      n++;
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(zPat);

  return n;
}

/* Forward reference */
static int process_input(ShellState *p);

/*

    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
       "SELECT sql FROM"
       "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name, rowid x"
       "     FROM sqlite_schema UNION ALL"
       "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid FROM sqlite_temp_schema) "
       "WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL"
       "  AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite__%' ESCAPE '_' "
       "ORDER BY x",
       callback, &data, 0
    );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,
               "SELECT rowid FROM sqlite_schema"

        if( !bGlob ){
          appendText(&sSelect, " ESCAPE '\\' ", 0);
        }
        appendText(&sSelect, " AND ", 0);
        sqlite3_free(zQarg);
      }
      if( bNoSystemTabs ){
        appendText(&sSelect, "name NOT LIKE 'sqlite__%%' ESCAPE '_' AND ", 0);
      }
      appendText(&sSelect, "sql IS NOT NULL"
                           " ORDER BY snum, rowid", 0);
      if( bDebug ){
        sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "SQL: %s;\n", sSelect.z);
      }else{
        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, sSelect.z, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);

      zSql = "SELECT lower(name) as tname FROM sqlite_schema"
             " WHERE type='table' AND coalesce(rootpage,0)>1"
             " UNION ALL SELECT 'sqlite_schema'"
             " ORDER BY 1 collate nocase";
    }else{
      zSql = "SELECT lower(name) as tname FROM sqlite_schema"
             " WHERE type='table' AND coalesce(rootpage,0)>1"
             " AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite__%' ESCAPE '_'"
             " ORDER BY 1 collate nocase";
    }
    sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
    initText(&sQuery);
    initText(&sSql);
    appendText(&sSql, "WITH [sha3sum$query](a,b) AS(",0);
    zSep = "VALUES(";

    }
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
    {
      int lrc;
      char *zRevText = /* Query for reversible to-blob-to-text check */
        "SELECT lower(name) as tname FROM sqlite_schema\n"
        "WHERE type='table' AND coalesce(rootpage,0)>1\n"
        "AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite__%%' ESCAPE '_'%s\n"
        "ORDER BY 1 collate nocase";
      zRevText = sqlite3_mprintf(zRevText, zLike? " AND name LIKE $tspec" : "");
      zRevText = sqlite3_mprintf(
          /* lower-case query is first run, producing upper-case query. */
          "with tabcols as materialized(\n"
          "select tname, cname\n"
          "from ("

        appendText(&s, zDbName, '\'');
        appendText(&s, "||'.'||name FROM ", 0);
      }
      appendText(&s, zDbName, '"');
      appendText(&s, ".sqlite_schema ", 0);
      if( c=='t' ){
        appendText(&s," WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
                      "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite__%' ESCAPE '_'"
                      "   AND name LIKE ?1", 0);
      }else{
        appendText(&s," WHERE type='index'"
                      "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", 0);
      }
    }
    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);

       int ctrlCode;            /* Integer code for that option */
       int unSafe;              /* Not valid unless --unsafe-testing */
       const char *zUsage;      /* Usage notes */
    } aCtrl[] = {
    {"always",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, 1,     "BOOLEAN"         },
    {"assert",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, 1,     "BOOLEAN"         },
  /*{"benign_malloc_hooks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS,1, ""        },*/
    {"bitvec_test",        SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST, 1, "SIZE INT-ARRAY"},
    {"byteorder",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER, 0,  ""                },
    {"extra_schema_checks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS,0,"BOOLEAN"  },
    {"fault_install",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL, 1,"args..."       },
    {"fk_no_action",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION, 0, "BOOLEAN"       },
    {"imposter",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER,1,"SCHEMA ON/OFF ROOTPAGE"},
    {"internal_functions", SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS,0,""          },
    {"json_selfcheck",     SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK ,0,"BOOLEAN"      },

            { 0x00800000, 1, "FlttnUnionAll" },
            { 0x01000000, 1, "IndexedEXpr" },
            { 0x02000000, 1, "Coroutines" },
            { 0x04000000, 1, "NullUnusedCols" },
            { 0x08000000, 1, "OnePass" },
            { 0x10000000, 1, "OrderBySubq" },
            { 0x20000000, 1, "StarQuery" },
            { 0x40000000, 1, "ExistsToJoin" },
            { 0xffffffff, 0, "All" },
          };
          unsigned int curOpt;
          unsigned int newOpt;
          unsigned int m;
          int ii;
          int nOff;

            isOk = 1;
          }else{
            rc2 = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
            isOk = 3;
          }
          sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, &rc2);
          break;
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST: {
          /* Examples:
          **   .testctrl bitvec_test 100   6,1       -- Show BITVEC constants
          **   .testctrl bitvec_test 1000  1,12,7,3  -- Simple test
          **                         ----  --------
          **      size of Bitvec -----^        ^---  aOp array. 0 added at end.
          **
          ** See comments on sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest() for more information
          ** about the aOp[] array.
          */
          int iSize;
          const char *zTestArg;
          int nOp;
          int ii, jj, x;
          int *aOp;
          if( nArg!=4 ){
            sqlite3_fprintf(stderr,
              "ERROR - should be:  \".testctrl bitvec_test SIZE  INT-ARRAY\"\n"
            );
            rc = 1;
            goto meta_command_exit;
          }
          isOk = 3;
          iSize = (int)integerValue(azArg[2]);
          zTestArg = azArg[3];
          nOp = (int)strlen(zTestArg)+1;
          aOp = malloc( sizeof(int)*(nOp+1) );
          shell_check_oom(aOp);
          memset(aOp, 0, sizeof(int)*(nOp+1) );
          for(ii = jj = x = 0; zTestArg[ii]!=0; ii++){
            if( IsDigit(zTestArg[ii]) ){
              x = x*10 + zTestArg[ii] - '0';
            }else{
              aOp[jj++] = x;
              x = 0;
            }
          }
          aOp[jj] = x;
          x = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, iSize, aOp);
          sqlite3_fprintf(p->out, "result: %d\n", x);
          free(aOp);
          break;
        }
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL: {
          int kk;
          int bShowHelp = nArg<=2;
          isOk = 3;
          for(kk=2; kk<nArg; kk++){
            const char *z = azArg[kk];
            if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;

/******************************************************************************
** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
** version 3.51.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
** of 5% or more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
** translation unit.
**
** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other
** programs, you need this file and the "sqlite3.h" header file that defines
** the programming interface to the SQLite library.  (If you do not have
** the "sqlite3.h" header file at hand, you will find a copy embedded within
** the text of this file.  Search for "Begin file sqlite3.h" to find the start
** of the embedded sqlite3.h header file.) Additional code files may be needed
** if you want a wrapper to interface SQLite with your choice of programming
** language. The code for the "sqlite3" command-line shell is also in a
** separate file. This file contains only code for the core SQLite library.
**
** The content in this amalgamation comes from Fossil check-in
** 9f184f8dfa5ef6d57e10376adc30e0060ced with changes in files:
**
**    
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
#define SQLITE_CORE 1
#define SQLITE_AMALGAMATION 1
#ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.51.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3051000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2025-07-15 19:00:01 9f184f8dfa5ef6d57e10376adc30e0060ceda07d283c23dfdfe3dbdd6608f839"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
** compiled with matching library and header files.
**
** <blockquote><pre>
** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
** </pre></blockquote>)^
**
** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of the
** [SQLITE_VERSION] macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a
** pointer to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters

**
** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
** without having to use a lot of C code.
**
** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
** semicolon-separated SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are

** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
** entry represents the name of a corresponding result column as obtained
** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
**
** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
** is not changed.
**

** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
**
** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically been a no-op and might become an
** error in future versions of SQLite.
*/
#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */

/*
** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
**
** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
** least restrictive to most restrictive.
**
** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
*/
#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */

** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names of all VFS shims and the
** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
** is intended for diagnostic use only.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcode will set *X
** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
** upper-most shim only.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding

** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix. The
** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.

** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
**
** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not been initialized
** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited

**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
** routines with a wrapper that simulates memory allocation failure or
** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes a single argument of
** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
** but some applications might prefer to run slower in exchange for
** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes a single argument of type int,
** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
**   <ul>
**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]

** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
** is exhausted.
** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative. ^If additional
** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
** additional cache line. </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs

** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
** in place of the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
**

** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies off
** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
** global [error log].
** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
** a log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.

/*
** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
**
** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
** can be passed as the second parameter to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
**
** The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface is a var-args function.  It takes a
** variable number of parameters, though always at least two.  The number of
** parameters passed into sqlite3_db_config() depends on which of these
** constants is given as the second parameter.  This documentation page
** refers to parameters beyond the second as "arguments".  Thus, when this
** page says "the N-th argument" it means "the N-th parameter past the
** configuration option" or "the (N+2)-th parameter to sqlite3_db_config()".
**

** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
** There must be two additional arguments.
** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to the state of either
** the C-API or the SQL function.
** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>

** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
** is enabled or disabled following this call.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such that it
** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]

** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
** created database files to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
** is now scarcely any need to generate database files that are compatible
** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little

** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS option is only useful in
** SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS builds. In this case, it sets or clears
** a flag that enables collection of the sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2()
** statistics. For statistics to be collected, the flag must be set on
** the database handle both when the SQL statement is prepared and when it
** is stepped. The flag is set (collection of statistics is enabled)
** by default. <p>This option takes two arguments: an integer and a pointer to
** an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
** leave unchanged the statement scanstatus option.  If the second argument
** is not NULL, then the value of the statement scanstatus setting after
** processing the first argument is written into the integer that the second
** argument points to.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER]]

** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE]]
** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE option enables or disables the
** ability of the [ATTACH DATABASE] SQL command to open a database for writing.
** This capability is enabled by default.  Applications can disable or
** reenable this capability using the current DBCONFIG option.  If
** this capability is disabled, the [ATTACH] command will still work,
** but the database will be opened read-only.  If this option is disabled,
** then the ability to create a new database using [ATTACH] is also disabled,
** regardless of the value of the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE]
** option.<p>
** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
** leave unchanged the ability to ATTACH another database for writing,

**
** </dl>
**
** [[DBCONFIG arguments]] <h3>Arguments To SQLITE_DBCONFIG Options</h3>
**
** <p>Most of the SQLITE_DBCONFIG options take two arguments, so that the
** overall call to [sqlite3_db_config()] has a total of four parameters.
** The first argument (the third parameter to sqlite3_db_config()) is an integer.
** The second argument is a pointer to an integer.  If the first argument is 1,
** then the option becomes enabled.  If the first integer argument is 0, then the
** option is disabled.  If the first argument is -1, then the option setting
** is unchanged.  The second argument, the pointer to an integer, may be NULL.
** If the second argument is not NULL, then a value of 0 or 1 is written into
** the integer to which the second argument points, depending on whether the
** setting is disabled or enabled after applying any changes specified by

** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
**
** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
**
** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements and thus
** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
**
** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^

** not support blocking locks, this function is a no-op.
**
** Passing 0 to this function disables blocking locks altogether. Passing
** -1 to this function requests that the VFS blocks for a long time -
** indefinitely if possible. The results of passing any other negative value
** are undefined.
**
** Internally, each SQLite database handle stores two timeout values - the
** busy-timeout (used for rollback mode databases, or if the VFS does not
** support blocking locks) and the setlk-timeout (used for blocking locks
** on wal-mode databases). The sqlite3_busy_timeout() method sets both
** values, this function sets only the setlk-timeout value. Therefore,
** to configure separate busy-timeout and setlk-timeout values for a single
** database handle, call sqlite3_busy_timeout() followed by this function.
**

/*
** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
** Use of this interface is not recommended.
**
** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is a memory data structure created by the
** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
** complete query results from one or more queries.
**
** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
** and M be the number of columns.

** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
** of a signed 32-bit integer.
**
** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
** a no-op if it is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
**
** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
** sqlite3_malloc(N).
** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
** sqlite3_free(X).
** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes of the
** prior allocation are copied into the beginning of the buffer returned
** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
** prior allocation is not freed.
**
** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interface works the same as
** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
** of a 32-bit signed integer.
**
** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number

** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
** but not overhead added by any underlying system library
** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
**
** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
** prior to the reset.

** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
** there is no harm in trying.)
**
** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened with [shared cache] enabled, overriding
** the default shared cache setting provided by
** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
** The [use of shared cache mode is discouraged] and hence shared cache
** capabilities may be omitted from many builds of SQLite.  In such cases,
** this option is a no-op.
**
** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened with [shared cache] disabled, overriding
** the default shared cache setting provided by
** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
**
** [[OPEN_EXRESCODE]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE]</dt>
** <dd>The database connection comes up in "extended result code mode".
** In other words, the database behaves as if
** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(db,1)] were called on the database

** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
**
** These interfaces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
** are not useful outside of that context.
**
** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
** an array P of N URI Key/Value pairs.  The result from
** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
** is safe to pass to routines like:
** <ul>
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],

** (See how SQLite handles [invalid UTF] for exceptions to this rule.)
** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
**
** ^The sqlite3_errstr(E) interface returns the English-language text
** that describes the [result code] E, as UTF-8, or NULL if E is not a
** result code for which a text error message is available.
** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
** and must not be freed by the application)^.
**
** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF-8.
** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
**
** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
**
** These constants define various performance limits
** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
** A concise description of these limits follows, and additional information
** is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
**
** <dl>
** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^

#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11

/*
** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
**
** These constants define various flags that can be passed into the
** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
**
** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
**
** <dl>
** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>

** up to the first zero terminator or until the nByte bytes have been read,
** whichever comes first.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
** statement is generated.
** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
** the nul-terminator.
** Note that nByte measures the length of the input in bytes, not
** characters, even for the UTF-16 interfaces.
**
** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
** what remains uncompiled.
**

** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
**
** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
** maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
**
** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
**
** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared

typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;

/*
** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
**
** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
** is always the first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;

/*
** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of the following
** templates:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN
** <li>  :VVV
** <li>  @VVV

** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
** otherwise.
**
** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
** found in the first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
**
** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
** is negative, then the length of the string is
** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
** the behavior is undefined.
** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
** that parameter must be the byte offset
** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
** with embedded NULs is undefined.
**
** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
** These three options exist:

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in a
** [SELECT] statement.
** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
** the origin_ routines return the column name.
** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically

/*
** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
** or if the statement has never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
** [extended error code].
**
** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
** before statement S is ever evaluated, after

** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
**
** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
** used inside of triggers, views, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
** the database schema.  This flag is especially recommended for SQL
** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
** the database file is opened and read.
**
** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the

** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
** of aggregate window functions are
** [user-defined window functions|available here].
**
** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is the destructor for
** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
**

  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
**
** These constants define integer codes that represent the various
** text encodings supported by SQLite.
*/
#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */

**
** [[SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
** The SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] to cause a sub-type to be associated with its
** result.
** Every function that invokes [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should have this
** property.  If it does not, then the call to [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
** might become a no-op if the function is used as a term in an
** [expression index].  On the other hand, SQL functions that never invoke
** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should avoid setting this property, as the
** purpose of this property is to disable certain optimizations that are
** incompatible with subtypes.
**
** [[SQLITE_SELFORDER1]] <dt>SQLITE_SELFORDER1</dt><dd>
** The SQLITE_SELFORDER1 flag indicates that the function is an aggregate

** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**
** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
** the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extract
** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.

SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
** object V and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
** memory allocation fails. ^If V is a [pointer value], then the result
** of sqlite3_value_dup(V) is a NULL value.
**
** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer

** first time from within xFinal().)^
**
** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
** allocation error occurs.
**
** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
** determined by the N parameter on the first successful call.  Changing the
** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
** pointless memory allocations occur.
**
** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by

** There is no way to enumerate the client data pointers
** associated with a database connection.  The N parameter can be thought
** of as a secret key such that only code that knows the secret key is able
** to access the associated data.
**
** Security Warning:  These interfaces should not be exposed in scripting
** languages or in other circumstances where it might be possible for an
** attacker to invoke them.  Any agent that can invoke these interfaces
** can probably also take control of the process.
**
** Database connection client data is only available for SQLite
** version 3.44.0 ([dateof:3.44.0]) and later.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_set_auxdata()] and [sqlite3_get_auxdata()].
*/

** the string length itself by searching the 2nd parameter for the first
** zero character.
** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
** appear if the string were NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
** finished using that result.

** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
**
** If these routines are called from within a different thread
** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
*/
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);

SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Return The Schema Name For A Database Connection
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^The sqlite3_db_name(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the schema name
** for the N-th database on database connection D, or a NULL pointer if N is
** out of range.  An N value of 0 means the main database file.  An N of 1 is
** the "temp" schema.  Larger values of N correspond to various ATTACH-ed
** databases.
**
** Space to hold the string that is returned by sqlite3_db_name() is managed
** by SQLite itself.  The string might be deallocated by any operation that
** changes the schema, including [ATTACH] or [DETACH] or calls to

** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
** pending.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
** will be advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
** [COMMIT].</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
** SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
*/
#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2

/*
** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement

*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
**
** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
** used by all database connections within a single process.
**
** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay

**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
**      from the heap.
** </ul>)^
**
** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
** change in future releases of SQLite.
*/
SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
** DEPRECATED

** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
** be tried also.
**
** ^The entry point is zProc.
** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where
** X consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory

** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
**
** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
** entry point were as follows:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
** &nbsp;  );

** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is changed to true, then
** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
** not be checked again using byte code.)^
**
** ^The idxNum and idxStr values are recorded and passed into the
** [xFilter] method.
** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxStr if and only if

**
** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
** will be returned by the strategy.
**
** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. One such flag is
** [SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_HEX], which if set causes the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
** output to show the idxNum as hex instead of as decimal.  Another flag is
** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE, which if set indicates that the query plan will
** return at most one row.
**
** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback

**
** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
** when a new virtual table is being created or reinitialized.
**
** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
** ^The sqlite3_create_module()

** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
** read-only access.
**
** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
** on *ppBlob after this function returns.
**
** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
** <ul>
**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,

/*
** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
**
** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwrite existing
** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
**
** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
*/

** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
**
** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must be one of these
** integer constants:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM

#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2


/*
** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^This interface returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
** routine returns a NULL pointer.
*/
SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);

#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE           34  /* NOT USED */
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    34  /* Largest TESTCTRL */

/*
** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
**
** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can use these routines to determine
** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
**
** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
** keywords understood by SQLite.
**
** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the 0-based N-th keyword and

** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
** zero-termination byte.
**
** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not use the pointer returned by
** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);

**
** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
** were too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.

** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
** checked out.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that might have
** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that might have
** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
** memory already being in use.
** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more of the pager caches are
** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
** the database connection.)^
** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
** </dd>

** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
** additional overhead. This parameter can be used to help identify
** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.

** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
** careful use of indices.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
** improve performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
** improve performance by adding permanent indices that do not
** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
** cycle.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
** had to be processed as normal.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
** </dd>

** call to xShutdown().
**
** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always be a power of two.  ^The
** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will be
** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
** does not have to do anything special based upon the value of bPurgeable;
** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
** never contain any unpinned pages.
**
** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored) for the cache
** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
** value; it is advisory only.
**
** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently

** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
** to be "pinned".
**
** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
** parameter to help it determine what action to take:
**
** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it is easy and convenient to do so.
**                 Otherwise return NULL.
** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
** </table>
**
** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
**
** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
** ^If the discard parameter is
** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of the
** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
**
** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
** to xFetch().
**
** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
** to be pinned.
**
** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
** of these pages are pinned, they become implicitly unpinned, meaning that
** they can be safely discarded.
**
** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2

** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
** database is modified by using the same database connection as is used
** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
** updated at the same time.
**
** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
**
** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
**
** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless of whether or not
** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
**
** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of

** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
** when the blocking connection's current transaction is concluded. ^The
** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
**
** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
**
** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
**
** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connection's
** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
**
** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
** crash or deadlock may be the result.
**

** <dd>Calls of the form
** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
** specified as part of the user's SQL statement, regardless of the actual
** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
**
** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon

** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
** views.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
** <dd>Calls of the form
** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
** [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
** flag unless absolutely necessary.
** </dd>
**

** <tr><td>0<td>yes<td>yes<td>no
** <tr><td>1<td>no<td>yes<td>no
** <tr><td>2<td>no<td>yes<td>yes
** <tr><td>3<td>yes<td>yes<td>yes
** </table>
**
** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
** values are the same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
**
** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
**
** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
** "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect

** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
** is undefined and probably harmful.
**
** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) should be one of the parameters to the
** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
** processing using the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_ERROR].)^
**
** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
**

** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
** can return a result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
** something goes wrong.
**
** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].

SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
**
** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
** inform a [virtual table] implementation of the [ON CONFLICT] mode
** for the SQL statement being evaluated.
**
** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
*/
#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */

** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimate was accurate,
** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
** used for the X-th loop.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
** description for the X-th loop.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID</dt>
** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
** id for the X-th query plan element. The id value is unique within the
** statement. The select-id is the same value as is output in the first
** column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID</dt>
** <dd>The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
** id of the parent of the current query element, if applicable, or
** to zero if the query element has no parent. This is the same value as
** returned in the second column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE</dt>
** <dd>The sqlite3_int64 output value is set to the number of cycles,
** according to the processor time-stamp counter, that elapsed while the
** query element was being processed. This value is not available for
** all query elements - if it is unavailable the output variable is
** set to -1.</dd>
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4

** SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX is not specified, then only query plan elements
** that correspond to query loops (the "SCAN..." and "SEARCH..." elements of
** the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output) are available. Invoking API
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() is equivalent to calling
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2() with a zeroed flags parameter.
**
** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific query element to retrieve statistics
** for. Query elements are numbered starting from zero. A value of -1 may
** retrieve statistics for the entire query. ^If idx is out of range
** - less than -1 or greater than or equal to the total number of query
** elements used to implement the statement - a non-zero value is returned and
** the variable that pOut points to is unchanged.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(

SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface is invoked, any dirty
** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
** any [attached] databases.
**

** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
** triggers; and so forth.
**
** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE, because
** the new values are not yet available. In this case, when a
** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actually a write using the
** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
**
** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]

** [database connection] D.  If S is a NULL pointer, the main database is used.
** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
** is written into *P.
**
** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
** to disk if that database were backed up to disk.
**
** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
** is currently using for that database, or NULL if no such contiguous
** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
** values of D and S.
** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
** of the database exists.

** Applications must not modify the buffer P or invalidate it before
** the database connection D is closed.
**
** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
** operation.
**
** It is not possible to deserialize into the TEMP database.  If the
** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
**
** The deserialized database should not be in [WAL mode].  If the database
** is in WAL mode, then any attempt to use the database file will result
** in an [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] error.  The application can set the
** [file format version numbers] (bytes 18 and 19) of the input database P

** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number of bytes in the deserialization */
  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
**
** The following are allowed values for the 6th argument (the F argument) to
** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
**
** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
**
** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
**
** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT <dd>
**   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
**   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
**   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
*/
#define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002

** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
**
** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
**
** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
** callback". This may be passed NULL, in which case all changes in the
** changeset are applied to the database. For sqlite3changeset_apply() and
** sqlite3_changeset_apply_v2(), if it is not NULL, then it is invoked once
** for each table affected by at least one change in the changeset. In this
** case the table name is passed as the second argument, and a copy of
** the context pointer passed as the sixth argument to apply() or apply_v2()
** as the first. If the "filter callback" returns zero, then no attempt is
** made to apply any changes to the table. Otherwise, if the return value is
** non-zero, all changes related to the table are attempted.
**
** For sqlite3_changeset_apply_v3(), the xFilter callback is invoked once
** per change. The second argument in this case is an sqlite3_changeset_iter
** that may be queried using the usual APIs for the details of the current
** change. If the "filter callback" returns zero in this case, then no attempt
** is made to apply the current change. If it returns non-zero, the change
** is applied.
**
** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
**
** <ul>
**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
**        changeset, and
**   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
**        changeset, and
**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
**        recorded in the changeset.
** </ul>
**
** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
**
** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
** to modify the table contents according to each UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
** change that is not excluded by a filter callback. If a change cannot be
** applied cleanly, the conflict handler function passed as the fifth argument
** to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be invoked. A description of exactly when
** the conflict handler is invoked for each type of change is below.
**
** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
** argument are undefined.
**
** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or

  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
  void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
  int(*xFilter)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
  ),
  int(*xConflict)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
  ),
  void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
  void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
  int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v3(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
  void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
  int(*xFilter)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change */
  ),
  int(*xConflict)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
  ),
  void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
  void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */

  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
  void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
  int(*xFilter)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    const char *zTab              /* Table name */
  ),
  int(*xConflict)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
  ),
  void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
  void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
  int flags
);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v3_strm(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
  void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
  int(*xFilter)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p
  ),
  int(*xConflict)(
    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
    int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
    sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
  ),
  void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
  void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,

#endif

/*
** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
** ourselves.
*/
#ifndef offsetof
# define offsetof(ST,M) ((size_t)((char*)&((ST*)0)->M - (char*)0))
#endif

/*
** Work around C99 "flex-array" syntax for pre-C99 compilers, so as
** to avoid complaints from -fsanitize=strict-bounds.
*/
#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)

#define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)

/*
** Macro SMXV(n) return the maximum value that can be held in variable n,
** assuming n is a signed integer type.  UMXV(n) is similar for unsigned
** integer types.
*/
#define SMXV(n) ((((i64)1)<<(sizeof(n)*8-1))-1)
#define UMXV(n) ((((i64)1)<<(sizeof(n)*8))-1)

/*
** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
**
** ROUND8() always does the rounding, for any argument.
**

**   0x00002000     Constant propagation
**   0x00004000     Push-down optimization
**   0x00008000     After all FROM-clause analysis
**   0x00010000     Beginning of DELETE/INSERT/UPDATE processing
**   0x00020000     Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY
**   0x00040000     SELECT tree dump after all code has been generated
**   0x00080000     NOT NULL strength reduction
**   0x00100000     Pointers are all shown as zero
**   0x00200000     EXISTS-to-JOIN optimization
*/

/*
** Macros for "wheretrace"
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \

** 0x00004000   Show all WHERE terms at key points
** 0x00008000   Show the full SELECT statement at key places
**
** 0x00010000   Show more detail when printing WHERE terms
** 0x00020000   Show WHERE terms returned from whereScanNext()
** 0x00040000   Solver overview messages
** 0x00080000   Star-query heuristic
** 0x00100000   Pointers are all shown as zero
*/


/*
** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
** callback for a given sqlite handle.
**

** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
*/
#define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3RowSetClear)

/*
** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD

  int nData;              /* Size of pData.  0 if none. */
  int nZero;              /* Extra zero data appended after pData,nData */
};

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(BtCursor*, const BtreePayload *pPayload,
                       int flags, int seekResult);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsEmpty(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int flags);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int flags);
SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(BtCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorPin(BtCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorUnpin(BtCursor*);

#define OP_SeekRowid      30 /* jump0, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]              */
#define OP_NotExists      31 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
#define OP_Last           32 /* jump0                                      */
#define OP_IfSizeBetween  33 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_SorterSort     34 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Sort           35 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Rewind         36 /* jump0                                      */
#define OP_IfEmpty        37 /* jump, synopsis: if( empty(P1) ) goto P2    */
#define OP_SorterNext     38 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Prev           39 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Next           40 /* jump                                       */

#define OP_IdxLE          41 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_IdxGT          42 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_Or             43 /* same as TK_OR, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2]) */
#define OP_And            44 /* same as TK_AND, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2]) */
#define OP_IdxLT          45 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_IdxGE          46 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_RowSetRead     47 /* jump, synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)           */
#define OP_RowSetTest     48 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2 */
#define OP_Program        49 /* jump0                                      */
#define OP_FkIfZero       50 /* jump, synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2    */

#define OP_IsNull         51 /* jump, same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
#define OP_NotNull        52 /* jump, same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
#define OP_Ne             53 /* jump, same as TK_NE, synopsis: IF r[P3]!=r[P1] */
#define OP_Eq             54 /* jump, same as TK_EQ, synopsis: IF r[P3]==r[P1] */
#define OP_Gt             55 /* jump, same as TK_GT, synopsis: IF r[P3]>r[P1] */
#define OP_Le             56 /* jump, same as TK_LE, synopsis: IF r[P3]<=r[P1] */
#define OP_Lt             57 /* jump, same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1] */
#define OP_Ge             58 /* jump, same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1] */
#define OP_ElseEq         59 /* jump, same as TK_ESCAPE                    */
#define OP_IfPos          60 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
#define OP_IfNotZero      61 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
#define OP_DecrJumpZero   62 /* jump, synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2    */
#define OP_IncrVacuum     63 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_VNext          64 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Filter         65 /* jump, synopsis: if key(P3@P4) not in filter(P1) goto P2 */
#define OP_PureFunc       66 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])             */
#define OP_Function       67 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])             */
#define OP_Return         68
#define OP_EndCoroutine   69
#define OP_HaltIfNull     70 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
#define OP_Halt           71
#define OP_Integer        72 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
#define OP_Int64          73 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
#define OP_String         74 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
#define OP_BeginSubrtn    75 /* synopsis: r[P2]=NULL                       */
#define OP_Null           76 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
#define OP_SoftNull       77 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
#define OP_Blob           78 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
#define OP_Variable       79 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1)              */
#define OP_Move           80 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
#define OP_Copy           81 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
#define OP_SCopy          82 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
#define OP_IntCopy        83 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
#define OP_FkCheck        84
#define OP_ResultRow      85 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
#define OP_CollSeq        86
#define OP_AddImm         87 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
#define OP_RealAffinity   88
#define OP_Cast           89 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
#define OP_Permutation    90
#define OP_Compare        91 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
#define OP_IsTrue         92 /* synopsis: r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4 */
#define OP_ZeroOrNull     93 /* synopsis: r[P2] = 0 OR NULL                */
#define OP_Offset         94 /* synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)        */
#define OP_Column         95 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX cursor P1 column P2     */
#define OP_TypeCheck      96 /* synopsis: typecheck(r[P1@P2])              */
#define OP_Affinity       97 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
#define OP_MakeRecord     98 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
#define OP_Count          99 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
#define OP_ReadCookie    100
#define OP_SetCookie     101

#define OP_ReopenIdx     102 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
#define OP_BitAnd        103 /* same as TK_BITAND, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2] */
#define OP_BitOr         104 /* same as TK_BITOR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2] */
#define OP_ShiftLeft     105 /* same as TK_LSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1] */
#define OP_ShiftRight    106 /* same as TK_RSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1] */
#define OP_Add           107 /* same as TK_PLUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2] */
#define OP_Subtract      108 /* same as TK_MINUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1] */
#define OP_Multiply      109 /* same as TK_STAR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2] */
#define OP_Divide        110 /* same as TK_SLASH, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1] */
#define OP_Remainder     111 /* same as TK_REM, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1] */
#define OP_Concat        112 /* same as TK_CONCAT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1] */
#define OP_OpenRead      113 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
#define OP_OpenWrite     114 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
#define OP_BitNot        115 /* same as TK_BITNOT, synopsis: r[P2]= ~r[P1] */
#define OP_OpenDup       116
#define OP_OpenAutoindex 117 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
#define OP_String8       118 /* same as TK_STRING, synopsis: r[P2]='P4'    */
#define OP_OpenEphemeral 119 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
#define OP_SorterOpen    120
#define OP_SequenceTest  121 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
#define OP_OpenPseudo    122 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
#define OP_Close         123
#define OP_ColumnsUsed   124
#define OP_SeekScan      125 /* synopsis: Scan-ahead up to P1 rows         */
#define OP_SeekHit       126 /* synopsis: set P2<=seekHit<=P3              */
#define OP_Sequence      127 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
#define OP_NewRowid      128 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
#define OP_Insert        129 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
#define OP_RowCell       130
#define OP_Delete        131
#define OP_ResetCount    132
#define OP_SorterCompare 133 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
#define OP_SorterData    134 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
#define OP_RowData       135 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
#define OP_Rowid         136 /* synopsis: r[P2]=PX rowid of P1             */
#define OP_NullRow       137
#define OP_SeekEnd       138
#define OP_IdxInsert     139 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
#define OP_SorterInsert  140 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
#define OP_IdxDelete     141 /* synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]                     */
#define OP_DeferredSeek  142 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed    */
#define OP_IdxRowid      143 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
#define OP_FinishSeek    144
#define OP_Destroy       145
#define OP_Clear         146
#define OP_ResetSorter   147
#define OP_CreateBtree   148 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3       */
#define OP_SqlExec       149
#define OP_ParseSchema   150
#define OP_LoadAnalysis  151
#define OP_DropTable     152
#define OP_DropIndex     153

#define OP_Real          154 /* same as TK_FLOAT, synopsis: r[P2]=P4       */
#define OP_DropTrigger   155
#define OP_IntegrityCk   156
#define OP_RowSetAdd     157 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
#define OP_Param         158
#define OP_FkCounter     159 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
#define OP_MemMax        160 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
#define OP_OffsetLimit   161 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
#define OP_AggInverse    162 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] inverse(r[P2@P5])    */
#define OP_AggStep       163 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
#define OP_AggStep1      164 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
#define OP_AggValue      165 /* synopsis: r[P3]=value N=P2                 */
#define OP_AggFinal      166 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
#define OP_Expire        167
#define OP_CursorLock    168
#define OP_CursorUnlock  169
#define OP_TableLock     170 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
#define OP_VBegin        171
#define OP_VCreate       172
#define OP_VDestroy      173
#define OP_VOpen         174
#define OP_VCheck        175
#define OP_VInitIn       176 /* synopsis: r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)           */
#define OP_VColumn       177 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
#define OP_VRename       178
#define OP_Pagecount     179
#define OP_MaxPgcnt      180
#define OP_ClrSubtype    181 /* synopsis: r[P1].subtype = 0                */
#define OP_GetSubtype    182 /* synopsis: r[P2] = r[P1].subtype            */
#define OP_SetSubtype    183 /* synopsis: r[P2].subtype = r[P1]            */
#define OP_FilterAdd     184 /* synopsis: filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)         */
#define OP_Trace         185
#define OP_CursorHint    186
#define OP_ReleaseReg    187 /* synopsis: release r[P1@P2] mask P3         */
#define OP_Noop          188
#define OP_Explain       189
#define OP_Abortable     190

/* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:
*/
#define OPFLG_JUMP        0x01  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */
#define OPFLG_IN1         0x02  /* in1:   P1 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN2         0x04  /* in2:   P2 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN3         0x08  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
#define OPFLG_OUT2        0x10  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
#define OPFLG_OUT3        0x20  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
#define OPFLG_NCYCLE      0x40  /* ncycle:Cycles count against P1 */
#define OPFLG_JUMP0       0x80  /* jump0:  P2 might be zero */
#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
/*   0 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00,\
/*   8 */ 0x81, 0x01, 0x01, 0x81, 0x83, 0x83, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0xc9, 0xc9, 0xc9,\
/*  24 */ 0xc9, 0x01, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0xc9, 0x49,\
/*  32 */ 0xc1, 0x01, 0x41, 0x41, 0xc1, 0x01, 0x01, 0x41,\
/*  40 */ 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x26, 0x26, 0x41, 0x41, 0x23,\
/*  48 */ 0x0b, 0x81, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01,\
/*  64 */ 0x41, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00,\
/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10,\
/*  80 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,\
/*  88 */ 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x1e, 0x20, 0x40,\
/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x40, 0x26,\
/* 104 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
/* 112 */ 0x26, 0x40, 0x00, 0x12, 0x40, 0x40, 0x10, 0x40,\
/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x40, 0x40, 0x10,\
/* 128 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00,\
/* 136 */ 0x50, 0x00, 0x40, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x40, 0x50,\
/* 144 */ 0x40, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 152 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00,\
/* 160 */ 0x04, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x10,\
/* 176 */ 0x50, 0x40, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x02, 0x12, 0x12,\
/* 184 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}

/* The resolve3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
** JUMP opcode the better, so the mkopcodeh.tcl script that
** generated this include file strives to group all JUMP opcodes
** together near the beginning of the list.
*/
#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  65  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */

/************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/

/*
** Additional non-public SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags
*/

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
SQLITE_PRIVATE   char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(Vdbe*, const char*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BlobCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(int, const void *, UnpackedRecord *, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(KeyInfo*);

typedef int (*RecordCompare)(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHasSubProgram(Vdbe*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetArrayInt64(sqlite3_value *aMem, int iIdx, i64 val);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context*);
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit(sqlite3*);
#endif

/* Use SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS to enable generation of extra
** comments on each VDBE opcode.
**

   /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ See flatten04.test */
#define SQLITE_IndexedExpr    0x01000000 /* Pull exprs from index when able */
#define SQLITE_Coroutines     0x02000000 /* Co-routines for subqueries */
#define SQLITE_NullUnusedCols 0x04000000 /* NULL unused columns in subqueries */
#define SQLITE_OnePass        0x08000000 /* Single-pass DELETE and UPDATE */
#define SQLITE_OrderBySubq    0x10000000 /* ORDER BY in subquery helps outer */
#define SQLITE_StarQuery      0x20000000 /* Heurists for star queries */
#define SQLITE_ExistsToJoin   0x40000000 /* The EXISTS-to-JOIN optimization */
#define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */

/*
** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
*/
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
#define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)

#define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
   pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
   (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
#define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \

#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_FLEXNUM  0x46  /* 'F' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_DEFER    0x58  /* 'X'  - defer computation until later */

#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)

/*
** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
** affinity value.
*/

/*
** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
** comparison of the two index keys.
**
** The aSortOrder[] and aColl[] arrays have nAllField slots each. There
** are nKeyField slots for the columns of an index then extra slots
** for the rowid or key at the end.  The aSortOrder array is located after
** the aColl[] array.
**
** If SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK is defined, then aSortFlags might be NULL
** to indicate that this object is for use by a preupdate hook.  When aSortFlags
** is NULL, then nAllField is uninitialized and no space is allocated for
** aColl[], so those fields may not be used.
*/
struct KeyInfo {
  u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
  u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
  u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
  u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
  u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
  CollSeq *aColl[FLEXARRAY]; /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
};

/* The size (in bytes) of a KeyInfo object with up to N fields.  This includes
** the main body of the KeyInfo object and the aColl[] array of N elements,
** but does not count the memory used to hold aSortFlags[]. */
#define SZ_KEYINFO(N)  (offsetof(KeyInfo,aColl) + (N)*sizeof(CollSeq*))

/* The size of a bare KeyInfo with no aColl[] entries */
#if FLEXARRAY+1 > 1
# define SZ_KEYINFO_0   offsetof(KeyInfo,aColl)
#else
# define SZ_KEYINFO_0   sizeof(KeyInfo)
#endif

/*
** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
*/
#define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
#define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */

/*
** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
**
** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
** OP_Column opcode.
**
** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
** is closest to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by nField.

**
** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
** is in DESC order.
**
** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
** at the first nField elements) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
** find the first match.
**
** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
** b-tree.
*/
struct UnpackedRecord {
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Comparison info for the index that is unpacked */
  Mem *aMem;          /* Values for columns of the index */
  union {
    char *z;            /* Cache of aMem[0].z for vdbeRecordCompareString() */
    i64 i;              /* Cache of aMem[0].u.i for vdbeRecordCompareInt() */
  } u;
  int n;              /* Cache of aMem[0].n used by vdbeRecordCompareString() */
  u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
  i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */

  unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
  unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
  unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
  unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
  unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
  unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
  unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */

  unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
  unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */

  unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
  unsigned bHasExpr:1;     /* Index contains an expression, either a literal
                           ** expression, or a reference to a VIRTUAL column */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
  int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
  int mxSample;            /* Number of slots allocated to aSample[] */
  int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */

** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
*/
struct AggInfo {
  u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
                          ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
  u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
                          ** than the source table */
  u32 nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
  int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
  int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
  int iFirstReg;          /* First register in range for aCol[] and aFunc[] */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
  struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
    Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
    Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
    int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
    int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
    int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
  } *aCol;
  int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
  int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
                          ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
                          ** aggregate functions */
  struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
    Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */

    unsigned isUsing :1;       /* u3.pUsing is valid */
    unsigned isOn :1;          /* u3.pOn was once valid and non-NULL */
    unsigned isSynthUsing :1;  /* u3.pUsing is synthesized from NATURAL */
    unsigned isNestedFrom :1;  /* pSelect is a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
    unsigned rowidUsed :1;     /* The ROWID of this table is referenced */
    unsigned fixedSchema :1;   /* Uses u4.pSchema, not u4.zDatabase */
    unsigned hadSchema :1;     /* Had u4.zDatabase before u4.pSchema */
    unsigned fromExists :1;    /* Comes from WHERE EXISTS(...) */
  } fg;
  int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
  Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N set if column N used. Details above for N>62 */
  union {
    char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
    ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
    u32 nRow;            /* Number of rows in a VALUES clause */

  u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
  u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
  u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
  u8 prepFlags;        /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  u8 withinRJSubrtn;   /* Nesting level for RIGHT JOIN body subroutines */
  u8 bHasExists;       /* Has a correlated "EXISTS (SELECT ....)" expression */
  u8 mSubrtnSig;       /* mini Bloom filter on available SubrtnSig.selId */
  u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
  u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
  u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
  u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
  u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */

SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowTrigger(const Trigger*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowTriggerList(const Trigger*);
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowWindow(const Window*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowWinFunc(const Window*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowBitvec(Bitvec*);
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ProgressCheck(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);

  "ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS),
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
  "BITMASK_TYPE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE),
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819
  "BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_BUG_COMPATIBLE_20250510
  "BUG_COMPATIBLE_20250510",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
  "CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
  "CHECK_PAGES",
#endif

**                             MEM_Real, and MEM_IntReal.
**
**  *  MEM_Blob                A blob, stored in Mem.z length Mem.n.
**                             Incompatible with MEM_Str, MEM_Null,
**                             MEM_Int, MEM_Real, and MEM_IntReal.
**
**  *  MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero       A blob in Mem.z of length Mem.n plus
**                             Mem.u.nZero extra 0x00 bytes at the end.
**
**  *  MEM_Int                 Integer stored in Mem.u.i.
**
**  *  MEM_Real                Real stored in Mem.u.r.
**
**  *  MEM_IntReal             Real stored as an integer in Mem.u.i.
**

  i64 iKey1;                      /* First key value passed to hook */
  i64 iKey2;                      /* Second key value passed to hook */
  Mem oldipk;                     /* Memory cell holding "old" IPK value */
  Mem *aNew;                      /* Array of new.* values */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Schema object being updated */
  Index *pPk;                     /* PK index if pTab is WITHOUT ROWID */
  sqlite3_value **apDflt;         /* Array of default values, if required */
  u8 keyinfoSpace[SZ_KEYINFO_0];  /* Space to hold pKeyinfo[0] content */
};

/*
** An instance of this object is used to pass an vector of values into
** OP_VFilter, the xFilter method of a virtual table.  The vector is the
** set of values on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
**

              longvalue = va_arg(ap,unsigned long int);
            }
          }else{
            longvalue = va_arg(ap,unsigned int);
          }
          prefix = 0;
        }

#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED
        if( xtype==etPOINTER && sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100000 ) longvalue = 0;
#endif
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
        if( xtype==etPOINTER && sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x100000 ) longvalue = 0;
#endif

        if( longvalue==0 ) flag_alternateform = 0;
        if( flag_zeropad && precision<width-(prefix!=0) ){
          precision = width-(prefix!=0);
        }
        if( precision<etBUFSIZE-10-etBUFSIZE/3 ){
          nOut = etBUFSIZE;
          zOut = buf;

    *zOut++ = (u8)(c&0x00FF);                                       \
  }                                                                 \
}

/*
** Write a single UTF8 character whose value is v into the
** buffer starting at zOut.  zOut must be sized to hold at
** least four bytes.  Return the number of bytes needed
** to encode the new character.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AppendOneUtf8Character(char *zOut, u32 v){
  if( v<0x00080 ){
    zOut[0] = (u8)(v & 0xff);
    return 1;
  }

    /*  30 */ "SeekRowid"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
    /*  31 */ "NotExists"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
    /*  32 */ "Last"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  33 */ "IfSizeBetween"    OpHelp(""),
    /*  34 */ "SorterSort"       OpHelp(""),
    /*  35 */ "Sort"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  36 */ "Rewind"           OpHelp(""),
    /*  37 */ "IfEmpty"          OpHelp("if( empty(P1) ) goto P2"),
    /*  38 */ "SorterNext"       OpHelp(""),
    /*  39 */ "Prev"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  40 */ "Next"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  41 */ "IdxLE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  42 */ "IdxGT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),

    /*  43 */ "Or"               OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])"),
    /*  44 */ "And"              OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])"),
    /*  45 */ "IdxLT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  46 */ "IdxGE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  47 */ "RowSetRead"       OpHelp("r[P3]=rowset(P1)"),
    /*  48 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
    /*  49 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
    /*  50 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),

    /*  51 */ "IsNull"           OpHelp("if r[P1]==NULL goto P2"),
    /*  52 */ "NotNull"          OpHelp("if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2"),
    /*  53 */ "Ne"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]!=r[P1]"),
    /*  54 */ "Eq"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]==r[P1]"),
    /*  55 */ "Gt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>r[P1]"),
    /*  56 */ "Le"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<=r[P1]"),
    /*  57 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
    /*  58 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
    /*  59 */ "ElseEq"           OpHelp(""),
    /*  60 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
    /*  61 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
    /*  62 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
    /*  63 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
    /*  64 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
    /*  65 */ "Filter"           OpHelp("if key(P3@P4) not in filter(P1) goto P2"),
    /*  66 */ "PureFunc"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])"),
    /*  67 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])"),
    /*  68 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
    /*  69 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
    /*  70 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
    /*  71 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  72 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
    /*  73 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
    /*  74 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
    /*  75 */ "BeginSubrtn"      OpHelp("r[P2]=NULL"),
    /*  76 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
    /*  77 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
    /*  78 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
    /*  79 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1)"),
    /*  80 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
    /*  81 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
    /*  82 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
    /*  83 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
    /*  84 */ "FkCheck"          OpHelp(""),
    /*  85 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
    /*  86 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
    /*  87 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
    /*  88 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
    /*  89 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
    /*  90 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
    /*  91 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
    /*  92 */ "IsTrue"           OpHelp("r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4"),
    /*  93 */ "ZeroOrNull"       OpHelp("r[P2] = 0 OR NULL"),
    /*  94 */ "Offset"           OpHelp("r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)"),
    /*  95 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX cursor P1 column P2"),
    /*  96 */ "TypeCheck"        OpHelp("typecheck(r[P1@P2])"),
    /*  97 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
    /*  98 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
    /*  99 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
    /* 100 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 101 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 102 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),

    /* 103 */ "BitAnd"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]"),
    /* 104 */ "BitOr"            OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]"),
    /* 105 */ "ShiftLeft"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]"),
    /* 106 */ "ShiftRight"       OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1]"),
    /* 107 */ "Add"              OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2]"),
    /* 108 */ "Subtract"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1]"),
    /* 109 */ "Multiply"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2]"),
    /* 110 */ "Divide"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]"),
    /* 111 */ "Remainder"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]"),
    /* 112 */ "Concat"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]"),
    /* 113 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
    /* 114 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),

    /* 115 */ "BitNot"           OpHelp("r[P2]= ~r[P1]"),
    /* 116 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 117 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),

    /* 118 */ "String8"          OpHelp("r[P2]='P4'"),
    /* 119 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
    /* 120 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 121 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
    /* 122 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
    /* 123 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 124 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 125 */ "SeekScan"         OpHelp("Scan-ahead up to P1 rows"),
    /* 126 */ "SeekHit"          OpHelp("set P2<=seekHit<=P3"),
    /* 127 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
    /* 128 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
    /* 129 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
    /* 130 */ "RowCell"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 131 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 132 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 133 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
    /* 134 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
    /* 135 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
    /* 136 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=PX rowid of P1"),
    /* 137 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 138 */ "SeekEnd"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 139 */ "IdxInsert"        OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
    /* 140 */ "SorterInsert"     OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
    /* 141 */ "IdxDelete"        OpHelp("key=r[P2@P3]"),
    /* 142 */ "DeferredSeek"     OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed"),
    /* 143 */ "IdxRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
    /* 144 */ "FinishSeek"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 145 */ "Destroy"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 146 */ "Clear"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 147 */ "ResetSorter"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 148 */ "CreateBtree"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3"),
    /* 149 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 150 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 151 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
    /* 152 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 153 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),

    /* 154 */ "Real"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
    /* 155 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 156 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 157 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
    /* 158 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 159 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
    /* 160 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
    /* 161 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
    /* 162 */ "AggInverse"       OpHelp("accum=r[P3] inverse(r[P2@P5])"),
    /* 163 */ "AggStep"          OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
    /* 164 */ "AggStep1"         OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
    /* 165 */ "AggValue"         OpHelp("r[P3]=value N=P2"),
    /* 166 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
    /* 167 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 168 */ "CursorLock"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 169 */ "CursorUnlock"     OpHelp(""),
    /* 170 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
    /* 171 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 172 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 173 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
    /* 174 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 175 */ "VCheck"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 176 */ "VInitIn"          OpHelp("r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)"),
    /* 177 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
    /* 178 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 179 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 180 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
    /* 181 */ "ClrSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P1].subtype = 0"),
    /* 182 */ "GetSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P2] = r[P1].subtype"),
    /* 183 */ "SetSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P2].subtype = r[P1]"),
    /* 184 */ "FilterAdd"        OpHelp("filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)"),
    /* 185 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 186 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 187 */ "ReleaseReg"       OpHelp("release r[P1@P2] mask P3"),
    /* 188 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
    /* 189 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 190 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
  };
  return azName[i];
}
#endif

/************** End of opcodes.c *********************************************/
/************** Begin file os_kv.c *******************************************/

  assert( n==1 || (flags & SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE)!=0 );
  assert( pShmNode->hShm>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
  assert( pShmNode->hShm<0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==0 );

  /* Check that, if this to be a blocking lock, no locks that occur later
  ** in the following list than the lock being obtained are already held:
  **
  **   1. Recovery lock (ofst==2).
  **   2. Checkpointer lock (ofst==1).
  **   3. Write lock (ofst==0).
  **   4. Read locks (ofst>=3 && ofst<SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK).
  **
  ** In other words, if this is a blocking lock, none of the locks that
  ** occur later in the above list than the lock being obtained may be
  ** held.


  */
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  {
    u16 lockMask = (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask);
    assert( (flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK) || pDbFd->iBusyTimeout==0 || (
          (ofst!=2 || lockMask==0)
       && (ofst!=1 || lockMask==0 || lockMask==2)
       && (ofst!=0 || lockMask<3)
       && (ofst<3  || lockMask<(1<<ofst))
    ));
  }
#endif

    */
    if( !ret && GetLastError()==ERROR_IO_PENDING ){
      DWORD nDelay = (nMs==0 ? INFINITE : nMs);
      DWORD res = osWaitForSingleObject(ovlp.hEvent, nDelay);
      if( res==WAIT_OBJECT_0 ){
        ret = TRUE;
      }else if( res==WAIT_TIMEOUT ){
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT==1
        rc = SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT;
#else
        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
#endif
      }else{
        /* Some other error has occurred */
        rc = SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
      }

      /* If it is still pending, cancel the LockFileEx() call. */
      osCancelIo(hFile);

  if( osIsNT() ){
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
    int nChar;
    LPWSTR zWideFilename;

    if( osCygwin_conv_path && !(winIsDriveLetterAndColon(zFilename)
        && winIsDirSep(zFilename[2])) ){
      i64 nByte;
      int convertflag = CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W;
      if( !strchr(zFilename, '/') ) convertflag |= CCP_RELATIVE;
      nByte = (i64)osCygwin_conv_path(convertflag,
          zFilename, 0, 0);
      if( nByte>0 ){
        zConverted = sqlite3MallocZero(12+(u64)nByte);
        if ( zConverted==0 ){
          return zConverted;
        }
        zWideFilename = zConverted;
        /* Filenames should be prefixed, except when converted
         * full path already starts with "\\?\". */
        if( osCygwin_conv_path(convertflag, zFilename,

       || flags==(SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED)
       || flags==(SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE) );
  assert( n==1 || (flags & SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE)!=0 );

  /* Check that, if this to be a blocking lock, no locks that occur later
  ** in the following list than the lock being obtained are already held:
  **
  **   1. Recovery lock (ofst==2).
  **   2. Checkpointer lock (ofst==1).
  **   3. Write lock (ofst==0).
  **   4. Read locks (ofst>=3 && ofst<SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK).
  **
  ** In other words, if this is a blocking lock, none of the locks that
  ** occur later in the above list than the lock being obtained may be
  ** held.


  */
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  {
    u16 lockMask = (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask);
    assert( (flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK) || pDbFd->iBusyTimeout==0 || (
          (ofst!=2 || lockMask==0)
       && (ofst!=1 || lockMask==0 || lockMask==2)
       && (ofst!=0 || lockMask<3)
       && (ofst<3  || lockMask<(1<<ofst))
    ));
  }
#endif

/****************************************************************************
**************************** sqlite3_vfs methods ****************************
**
** This division contains the implementation of methods on the
** sqlite3_vfs object.
*/






















/*
** This function returns non-zero if the specified UTF-8 string buffer
** ends with a directory separator character or one was successfully
** added to it.
*/
static int winMakeEndInDirSep(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
  if( zBuf ){

        }
        if( winIsDir(zConverted) ){
          sqlite3_snprintf(nMax, zBuf, "%s", zDir);
          sqlite3_free(zConverted);
          break;
        }
        sqlite3_free(zConverted);




































      }
    }
  }
#endif

#if !SQLITE_OS_WINRT && defined(_WIN32)
  else if( osIsNT() ){

      sqlite3_free(zDel);
      winSimplifyName(zFull);
      return rc;
    }
  }
#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */





























#if (SQLITE_OS_WINCE || SQLITE_OS_WINRT) && defined(_WIN32)
  SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_ERROR );
  /* WinCE has no concept of a relative pathname, or so I am told. */
  /* WinRT has no way to convert a relative path to an absolute one. */
  if ( sqlite3_data_directory && !winIsVerbatimPathname(zRelative) ){
    /*

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
/*
** Interfaces for opening a shared library, finding entry points
** within the shared library, and closing the shared library.
*/
static void *winDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zFilename){
  HANDLE h;


















  void *zConverted = winConvertFromUtf8Filename(zFilename);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);

  if( zConverted==0 ){
    OSTRACE(("DLOPEN name=%s, handle=%p\n", zFilename, (void*)0));
    return 0;
  }
  if( osIsNT() ){
#if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
    h = osLoadPackagedLibrary((LPCWSTR)zConverted, 0);

                  /* For a BITVEC_SZ of 512, this would be 34,359,739. */
  union {
    BITVEC_TELEM aBitmap[BITVEC_NELEM];    /* Bitmap representation */
    u32 aHash[BITVEC_NINT];      /* Hash table representation */
    Bitvec *apSub[BITVEC_NPTR];  /* Recursive representation */
  } u;
};


/*
** Create a new bitmap object able to handle bits between 0 and iSize,
** inclusive.  Return a pointer to the new object.  Return NULL if
** malloc fails.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32 iSize){

    int rc;
    u32 *aiValues = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(0, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
    if( aiValues==0 ){
      return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    }else{
      memcpy(aiValues, p->u.aHash, sizeof(p->u.aHash));
      memset(p->u.apSub, 0, sizeof(p->u.apSub));
      p->iDivisor = p->iSize/BITVEC_NPTR;
      if( (p->iSize%BITVEC_NPTR)!=0 ) p->iDivisor++;
      if( p->iDivisor<BITVEC_NBIT ) p->iDivisor = BITVEC_NBIT;
      rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(p, i);
      for(j=0; j<BITVEC_NINT; j++){
        if( aiValues[j] ) rc |= sqlite3BitvecSet(p, aiValues[j]);
      }
      sqlite3StackFree(0, aiValues);
      return rc;
    }

/*
** Return the value of the iSize parameter specified when Bitvec *p
** was created.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec *p){
  return p->iSize;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Show the content of a Bitvec option and its children.  Indent
** everything by n spaces.  Add x to each bitvec value.
**
** From a debugger such as gdb, one can type:
**
**    call sqlite3ShowBitvec(p)
**
** For some Bitvec p and see a recursive view of the Bitvec's content.
*/
static void showBitvec(Bitvec *p, int n, unsigned x){
  int i;
  if( p==0 ){
    printf("NULL\n");
    return;
  }
  printf("Bitvec 0x%p iSize=%u", p, p->iSize);
  if( p->iSize<=BITVEC_NBIT ){
    printf(" bitmap\n");
    printf("%*s   bits:", n, "");
    for(i=1; i<=BITVEC_NBIT; i++){
      if( sqlite3BitvecTest(p,i) ) printf(" %u", x+(unsigned)i);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }else if( p->iDivisor==0 ){
    printf(" hash with %u entries\n", p->nSet);
    printf("%*s   bits:", n, "");
    for(i=0; i<BITVEC_NINT; i++){
      if( p->u.aHash[i] ) printf(" %u", x+(unsigned)p->u.aHash[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }else{
    printf(" sub-bitvec with iDivisor=%u\n", p->iDivisor);
    for(i=0; i<BITVEC_NPTR; i++){
      if( p->u.apSub[i]==0 ) continue;
      printf("%*s   apSub[%d]=", n, "", i);
      showBitvec(p->u.apSub[i], n+4, i*p->iDivisor);
    }
  }
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowBitvec(Bitvec *p){
  showBitvec(p, 0, 0);
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
/*
** Let V[] be an array of unsigned characters sufficient to hold
** up to N bits.  Let I be an integer between 0 and N.  0<=I<N.
** Then the following macros can be used to set, clear, or test
** individual bits within V.
*/
#define SETBIT(V,I)      V[I>>3] |= (1<<(I&7))
#define CLEARBIT(V,I)    V[I>>3] &= ~(BITVEC_TELEM)(1<<(I&7))
#define TESTBIT(V,I)     (V[I>>3]&(1<<(I&7)))!=0


/*
** This routine runs an extensive test of the Bitvec code.
**
** The input is an array of integers that acts as a program
** to test the Bitvec.  The integers are opcodes followed
** by 0, 1, or 3 operands, depending on the opcode.  Another
** opcode follows immediately after the last operand.
**
** There are opcodes numbered starting with 0.  0 is the
** "halt" opcode and causes the test to end.
**
**    0          Halt and return the number of errors
**    1 N S X    Set N bits beginning with S and incrementing by X
**    2 N S X    Clear N bits beginning with S and incrementing by X
**    3 N        Set N randomly chosen bits
**    4 N        Clear N randomly chosen bits
**    5 N S X    Set N bits from S increment X in array only, not in bitvec
**    6          Invoice sqlite3ShowBitvec() on the Bitvec object so far
**    7 X        Show compile-time parameters and the hash of X
**
** The opcodes 1 through 4 perform set and clear operations are performed
** on both a Bitvec object and on a linear array of bits obtained from malloc.
** Opcode 5 works on the linear array only, not on the Bitvec.
** Opcode 5 is used to deliberately induce a fault in order to
** confirm that error detection works.  Opcodes 6 and greater are
** state output opcodes.  Opcodes 6 and greater are no-ops unless
** SQLite has been compiled with SQLITE_DEBUG.
**
** At the conclusion of the test the linear array is compared
** against the Bitvec object.  If there are any differences,
** an error is returned.  If they are the same, zero is returned.
**
** If a memory allocation error occurs, return -1.
**
** sz is the size of the Bitvec.  Or if sz is negative, make the size
** 2*(unsigned)(-sz) and disabled the linear vector check.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int sz, int *aOp){
  Bitvec *pBitvec = 0;
  unsigned char *pV = 0;
  int rc = -1;
  int i, nx, pc, op;
  void *pTmpSpace;

  /* Allocate the Bitvec to be tested and a linear array of
  ** bits to act as the reference */
  if( sz<=0 ){
    pBitvec = sqlite3BitvecCreate( 2*(unsigned)(-sz) );
    pV = 0;
  }else{
    pBitvec = sqlite3BitvecCreate( sz );
    pV = sqlite3MallocZero( (7+(i64)sz)/8 + 1 );
  }
  pTmpSpace = sqlite3_malloc64(BITVEC_SZ);
  if( pBitvec==0 || pTmpSpace==0 || (pV==0 && sz>0) ) goto bitvec_end;

  /* NULL pBitvec tests */
  sqlite3BitvecSet(0, 1);
  sqlite3BitvecClear(0, 1, pTmpSpace);

  /* Run the program */
  pc = i = 0;
  while( (op = aOp[pc])!=0 ){
    if( op>=6 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      if( op==6 ){
        sqlite3ShowBitvec(pBitvec);
      }else if( op==7 ){
        printf("BITVEC_SZ     = %d (%d by sizeof)\n",
               BITVEC_SZ, (int)sizeof(Bitvec));
        printf("BITVEC_USIZE  = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_USIZE);
        printf("BITVEC_NELEM  = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NELEM);
        printf("BITVEC_NBIT   = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NBIT);
        printf("BITVEC_NINT   = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NINT);
        printf("BITVEC_MXHASH = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_MXHASH);
        printf("BITVEC_NPTR   = %d\n", (int)BITVEC_NPTR);
      }
#endif
      pc++;
      continue;
    }
    switch( op ){
      case 1:
      case 2:
      case 5: {
        nx = 4;
        i = aOp[pc+2] - 1;
        aOp[pc+2] += aOp[pc+3];

        break;
      }
    }
    if( (--aOp[pc+1]) > 0 ) nx = 0;
    pc += nx;
    i = (i & 0x7fffffff)%sz;
    if( (op & 1)!=0 ){
      if( pV ) SETBIT(pV, (i+1));
      if( op!=5 ){
        if( sqlite3BitvecSet(pBitvec, i+1) ) goto bitvec_end;
      }
    }else{
      if( pV ) CLEARBIT(pV, (i+1));
      sqlite3BitvecClear(pBitvec, i+1, pTmpSpace);
    }
  }

  /* Test to make sure the linear array exactly matches the
  ** Bitvec object.  Start with the assumption that they do
  ** match (rc==0).  Change rc to non-zero if a discrepancy
  ** is found.
  */
  if( pV ){
    rc = sqlite3BitvecTest(0,0) + sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec, sz+1)
            + sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec, 0)
            + (sqlite3BitvecSize(pBitvec) - sz);
    for(i=1; i<=sz; i++){
      if( (TESTBIT(pV,i))!=sqlite3BitvecTest(pBitvec,i) ){
        rc = i;
        break;
      }
    }
  }else{
    rc = 0;
  }

  /* Free allocated structure */
bitvec_end:
  sqlite3_free(pTmpSpace);
  sqlite3_free(pV);
  sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pBitvec);

  void (*xReiniter)(DbPage*); /* Call this routine when reloading pages */
  int (*xGet)(Pager*,Pgno,DbPage**,int); /* Routine to fetch a patch */
  char *pTmpSpace;            /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
  PCache *pPCache;            /* Pointer to page cache object */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  Wal *pWal;                  /* Write-ahead log used by "journal_mode=wal" */
  char *zWal;                 /* File name for write-ahead log */
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
  sqlite3 *dbWal;
#endif
};

/*
** Indexes for use with Pager.aStat[]. The Pager.aStat[] array contains
** the values accessed by passing SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT, CACHE_MISS
** or CACHE_WRITE to sqlite3_db_status().

  ** (e.g. due to malloc() failure), return an error code.
  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3WalOpen(pPager->pVfs,
        pPager->fd, pPager->zWal, pPager->exclusiveMode,
        pPager->journalSizeLimit, &pPager->pWal
    );
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3WalDb(pPager->pWal, pPager->dbWal);
    }
#endif
  }
  pagerFixMaplimit(pPager);

  return rc;
}

}

/*
** Set the database handle used by the wal layer to determine if
** blocking locks are required.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerWalDb(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
  pPager->dbWal = db;
  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
    sqlite3WalDb(pPager->pWal, db);
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT

  if( !useWal ){
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
    if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 ){
      rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT

    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      *pCnt |= WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK;
    }
#endif
    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
      /* If there is not a recovery running in another thread or process
      ** then convert BUSY errors to WAL_RETRY.  If recovery is known to
      ** be running, convert BUSY to BUSY_RECOVERY.  There is a race here
      ** which might cause WAL_RETRY to be returned even if BUSY_RECOVERY
      ** would be technically correct.  But the race is benign since with
      ** WAL_RETRY this routine will be called again and will probably be
      ** right on the second iteration.
      */
      (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
      if( pWal->apWiData[0]==0 ){
        /* This branch is taken when the xShmMap() method returns SQLITE_BUSY.
        ** We assume this is a transient condition, so return WAL_RETRY. The
        ** xShmMap() implementation used by the default unix and win32 VFS
        ** modules may return SQLITE_BUSY due to a race condition in the
        ** code that determines whether or not the shared-memory region
        ** must be zeroed before the requested page is returned.
        */
        rc = WAL_RETRY;
      }else if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_RECOVER_LOCK)) ){
        walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_RECOVER_LOCK);
        rc = WAL_RETRY;
      }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
        rc = SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY;
      }
    }
    walDisableBlocking(pWal);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      return rc;
    }
    else if( pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
      return walBeginShmUnreliable(pWal, pChanged);
    }
  }

        */
        assert( walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame)!=1 );
        rc = xUndo(pUndoCtx, walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame));
      }
      if( iMax!=pWal->hdr.mxFrame ) walCleanupHash(pWal);
    }
    SEH_EXCEPT( rc = SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE; )
    pWal->iReCksum = 0;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Argument aWalData must point to an array of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32
** values. This function populates the array with values required to

    pWal->hdr.mxFrame = aWalData[0];
    pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aWalData[1];
    pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aWalData[2];
    SEH_TRY {
      walCleanupHash(pWal);
    }
    SEH_EXCEPT( rc = SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE; )
    if( pWal->iReCksum>pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
      pWal->iReCksum = 0;
    }
  }

  return rc;
}

/*
** This function is called just before writing a set of frames to the log

  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;   /* Unpacked index key */

  if( pKey ){
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pCur->pKeyInfo;
    assert( nKey==(i64)(int)nKey );
    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pKeyInfo);
    if( pIdxKey==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack((int)nKey, pKey, pIdxKey);
    if( pIdxKey->nField==0 || pIdxKey->nField>pKeyInfo->nAllField ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3BtreeIndexMoveto(pCur, pIdxKey, pRes);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(pCur->pKeyInfo->db, pIdxKey);
  }else{

  int iEnd = iStart + iSize;            /* First byte past the iStart buffer */
  unsigned char *data = pPage->aData;   /* Page content */
  u8 *pTmp;                             /* Temporary ptr into data[] */

  assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || iStart>=pPage->hdrOffset+6+pPage->childPtrSize );
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || iEnd <= (int)pPage->pBt->usableSize );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( iSize>=4 );   /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || iStart<=(int)pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 );

  /* The list of freeblocks must be in ascending order.  Find the
  ** spot on the list where iStart should be inserted.
  */
  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
  iPtr = hdr + 1;
  if( data[iPtr+1]==0 && data[iPtr]==0 ){

      sqlite3_mutex_free(pBt->mutex);
    }
    removed = 1;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);
  return removed;
#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER( pBt );
  return 1;
#endif
}

/*
** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of
** MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) bytes with a 4-byte prefix for a left-child

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int x;
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
  assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<=255 );
  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
  pBt->nReserveWanted = (u8)nReserve;
  x = pBt->pageSize - pBt->usableSize;
  if( x==nReserve && (pageSize==0 || (u32)pageSize==pBt->pageSize) ){
    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  if( nReserve<x ) nReserve = x;
  if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_PAGESIZE_FIXED ){
    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
    return SQLITE_READONLY;
  }
  assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<=255 );
  if( pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE &&

      }
    }

    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      (void)sqlite3PagerWalWriteLock(pPager, 0);
      unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
    }
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT)
    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
      /* If a blocking lock timed out, break out of the loop here so that
      ** the busy-handler is not invoked.  */
      break;
    }
#endif
  }while( (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_BUSY && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE &&
          btreeInvokeBusyHandler(pBt) );
  sqlite3PagerWalDb(pPager, 0);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ) rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
#endif

  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || (pCur->pPage!=0 && pCur->pPage->nCell==0) );
    *pRes = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }
  return rc;
}

/* Set *pRes to 1 (true) if the BTree pointed to by cursor pCur contains zero
** rows of content.  Set *pRes to 0 (false) if the table contains content.
** Return SQLITE_OK on success or some error code (ex: SQLITE_NOMEM) if
** something goes wrong.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsEmpty(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
  int rc;

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID ){
    *pRes = 0;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
    *pRes = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }else{
    *pRes = 0;
  }
  return rc;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/* The cursors is CURSOR_VALID and has BTCF_AtLast set.  Verify that
** this flags are true for a consistent database.
**
** This routine is is called from within assert() statements only.
** It is an internal verification routine and does not appear in production

moveto_table_finish:
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl)==0 );
  return rc;
}

/*
** Compare the "idx"-th cell on the page pPage against the key
** pointing to by pIdxKey using xRecordCompare.  Return negative or
** zero if the cell is less than or equal pIdxKey.  Return positive
** if unknown.
**
**    Return value negative:     Cell at pCur[idx] less than pIdxKey
**
**    Return value is zero:      Cell at pCur[idx] equals pIdxKey
**
**    Return value positive:     Nothing is known about the relationship
**                               of the cell at pCur[idx] and pIdxKey.
**
** This routine is part of an optimization.  It is always safe to return
** a positive value as that will cause the optimization to be skipped.
*/
static int indexCellCompare(
  MemPage *pPage,
  int idx,
  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey,
  RecordCompare xRecordCompare
){

  int c;
  int nCell;  /* Size of the pCell cell in bytes */
  u8 *pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);

  nCell = pCell[0];
  if( nCell<=pPage->max1bytePayload ){
    /* This branch runs if the record-size field of the cell is a

  */
  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID
   && pCur->pPage->leaf
   && cursorOnLastPage(pCur)
  ){
    int c;
    if( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1
     && (c = indexCellCompare(pCur->pPage,pCur->ix,pIdxKey,xRecordCompare))<=0
     && pIdxKey->errCode==SQLITE_OK
    ){
      *pRes = c;
      return SQLITE_OK;  /* Cursor already pointing at the correct spot */
    }
    if( pCur->iPage>0
     && indexCellCompare(pCur->pPage, 0, pIdxKey, xRecordCompare)<=0
     && pIdxKey->errCode==SQLITE_OK
    ){
      pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_AtLast);
      if( !pCur->pPage->isInit ){
        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      }
      goto bypass_moveto_root;  /* Start search on the current page */

  ** opcode and the OP_Count opcode with P3=1.  In either case,
  ** the cursor will always be valid unless the btree is empty. */
  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return 0;
  if( NEVER(pCur->pPage->leaf==0) ) return -1;

  n = pCur->pPage->nCell;
  for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
    n *= pCur->apPage[i]->nCell+1;
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database.
** Return value:

  assert( apNew[nNew-1]!=0 );
  put4byte(pRight, apNew[nNew-1]->pgno);

  /* If the sibling pages are not leaves, ensure that the right-child pointer
  ** of the right-most new sibling page is set to the value that was
  ** originally in the same field of the right-most old sibling page. */
  if( (pageFlags & PTF_LEAF)==0 && nOld!=nNew ){
    MemPage *pOld;
    if( nNew>nOld ){
      pOld = apNew[nOld-1];
    }else{
      pOld = apOld[nOld-1];
    }
    memcpy(&apNew[nNew-1]->aData[8], &pOld->aData[8], 4);
  }

  /* Make any required updates to pointer map entries associated with
  ** cells stored on sibling pages following the balance operation. Pointer
  ** map entries associated with divider cells are set by the insertCell()
  ** routine. The associated pointer map entries are:

/*
** Return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE if another user of the same shared
** btree as the argument handle holds an exclusive lock on the
** sqlite_schema table. Otherwise SQLITE_OK.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(Btree *p){
  int rc;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);  /* only used in DEBUG builds */
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, SCHEMA_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE );
  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
  return rc;
}

/*
** If the previous opcode is an OP_Column that delivers results
** into register iDest, then add the OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG flag to that
** opcode.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(Vdbe *p, int iDest){
  VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetLastOp(p);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  while( pOp->opcode==OP_ReleaseReg ) pOp--;
#endif
  if( pOp->p3==iDest && pOp->opcode==OP_Column ){
    pOp->p5 |= OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG;
  }
}

/*
** Change the P2 operand of instruction addr so that it points to

      pMem->flags = aFlag[serial_type&1];
      return;
    }
  }
  return;
}
/*
** Allocate sufficient space for an UnpackedRecord structure large enough

** to hold a decoded index record for pKeyInfo.
**
** The space is allocated using sqlite3DbMallocRaw().  If an OOM error






** occurs, NULL is returned.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo               /* Description of the record */
){
  UnpackedRecord *p;              /* Unpacked record to return */
  u64 nByte;                      /* Number of bytes required for *p */
  assert( sizeof(UnpackedRecord) + sizeof(Mem)*65536 < 0x7fffffff );
  nByte = ROUND8P(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nKeyField+1);
  p = (UnpackedRecord *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pKeyInfo->db, nByte);
  if( !p ) return 0;
  p->aMem = (Mem*)&((char*)p)[ROUND8P(sizeof(UnpackedRecord))];

  p->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
  p->nField = pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1;
  return p;
}

/*
** Given the nKey-byte encoding of a record in pKey[], populate the
** UnpackedRecord structure indicated by the fourth argument with the
** contents of the decoded record.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(

  int nKey,              /* Size of the binary record */
  const void *pKey,      /* The binary record */
  UnpackedRecord *p      /* Populate this structure before returning. */
){
  const unsigned char *aKey = (const unsigned char *)pKey;
  u32 d;
  u32 idx;                        /* Offset in aKey[] to read from */
  u16 u;                          /* Unsigned loop counter */
  u32 szHdr;
  Mem *pMem = p->aMem;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = p->pKeyInfo;

  p->default_rc = 0;
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  idx = getVarint32(aKey, szHdr);
  d = szHdr;
  u = 0;
  while( idx<szHdr && d<=(u32)nKey ){

  if( d>(u32)nKey && u ){
    assert( CORRUPT_DB );
    /* In a corrupt record entry, the last pMem might have been set up using
    ** uninitialized memory. Overwrite its value with NULL, to prevent
    ** warnings from MSAN. */
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem-1);
  }
  testcase( u == pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1 );
  testcase( u < pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1 );
  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1 );
  p->nField = u;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** This function compares two index or table record keys in the same way

  ** buffer passed to varintRecordCompareInt() this makes it convenient to
  ** limit the size of the header to 64 bytes in cases where the first field
  ** is an integer.
  **
  ** The easiest way to enforce this limit is to consider only records with
  ** 13 fields or less. If the first field is an integer, the maximum legal
  ** header size is (12*5 + 1 + 1) bytes.  */
  assert( p->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
  if( p->pKeyInfo->nAllField<=13 ){
    int flags = p->aMem[0].flags;
    if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] ){
      if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL ){
        return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare;
      }
      p->r1 = 1;

  if( iVar>=32 ){
    v->expmask |= 0x80000000;
  }else{
    v->expmask |= ((u32)1 << (iVar-1));
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
/*
** Cause a function to throw an error if it was call from OP_PureFunc
** rather than OP_Function.
**
** OP_PureFunc means that the function must be deterministic, and should
** throw an error if it is given inputs that would make it non-deterministic.
** This routine is invoked by date/time functions that use non-deterministic

                           pCtx->pFunc->zName, zContext);
    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
    sqlite3_free(zMsg);
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS */

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/*
** This Walker callback is used to help verify that calls to
** sqlite3BtreeCursorHint() with opcode BTREE_HINT_RANGE have
** byte-code register values correctly initialized.
*/

  int iReg,                       /* Register for new.* record */
  int iBlobWrite
){
  sqlite3 *db = v->db;
  i64 iKey2;
  PreUpdate preupdate;
  const char *zTbl = pTab->zName;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int nRealCol;
  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid ){
    nRealCol = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab)->nColumn;
  }else if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual ){
    nRealCol = pTab->nNVCol;
  }else{

  preupdate.pCsr = pCsr;
  preupdate.op = op;
  preupdate.iNewReg = iReg;
  preupdate.pKeyinfo = (KeyInfo*)&preupdate.keyinfoSpace;
  preupdate.pKeyinfo->db = db;
  preupdate.pKeyinfo->enc = ENC(db);
  preupdate.pKeyinfo->nKeyField = pTab->nCol;
  preupdate.pKeyinfo->aSortFlags = 0; /* Indicate .aColl, .nAllField uninit */
  preupdate.iKey1 = iKey1;
  preupdate.iKey2 = iKey2;
  preupdate.pTab = pTab;
  preupdate.iBlobWrite = iBlobWrite;

  db->pPreUpdate = &preupdate;
  db->xPreUpdateCallback(db->pPreUpdateArg, db, op, zDb, zTbl, iKey1, iKey2);

  const void *pKey
){
  UnpackedRecord *pRet;           /* Return value */

  pRet = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pKeyInfo);
  if( pRet ){
    memset(pRet->aMem, 0, sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nKeyField+1));
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(nKey, pKey, pRet);
  }
  return pRet;
}

/*
** This function is called from within a pre-update callback to retrieve
** a field of the row currently being updated or deleted.

  ** SQLITE_UPDATE pre-update callback, and that iIdx is within range. */
  if( !p || p->op==SQLITE_INSERT ){
    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    goto preupdate_old_out;
  }
  if( p->pPk ){
    iStore = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
  }else if( iIdx >= p->pTab->nCol ){
    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    goto preupdate_old_out;
  }else{
    iStore = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(p->pTab, iIdx);
  }
  if( iStore>=p->pCsr->nField || iStore<0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
    goto preupdate_old_out;
  }

  p = db->pPreUpdate;
  if( !p || p->op==SQLITE_DELETE ){
    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    goto preupdate_new_out;
  }
  if( p->pPk && p->op!=SQLITE_UPDATE ){
    iStore = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
  }else if( iIdx >= p->pTab->nCol ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }else{
    iStore = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(p->pTab, iIdx);
  }

  if( iStore>=p->pCsr->nField || iStore<0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
    goto preupdate_new_out;

      pDest->flags |= MEM_Term;
    }
  }
  pDest->flags &= ~MEM_Ephem;
  return rc;
}

/*
** Send a "statement aborts" message to the error log.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3VdbeLogAbort(
  Vdbe *p,     /* The statement that is running at the time of failure */
  int rc,      /* Error code */
  Op *pOp,     /* Opcode that filed */
  Op *aOp      /* All opcodes */
){
  const char *zSql = p->zSql;   /* Original SQL text */
  const char *zPrefix = "";     /* Prefix added to SQL text */
  int pc;                       /* Opcode address */
  char zXtra[100];              /* Buffer space to store zPrefix */

  if( p->pFrame ){
    assert( aOp[0].opcode==OP_Init );
    if( aOp[0].p4.z!=0 ){
      assert( aOp[0].p4.z[0]=='-'
           && aOp[0].p4.z[1]=='-'
           && aOp[0].p4.z[2]==' ' );
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zXtra), zXtra,"/* %s */ ",aOp[0].p4.z+3);
      zPrefix = zXtra;
    }else{
      zPrefix = "/* unknown trigger */ ";
    }
  }
  pc = (int)(pOp - aOp);
  sqlite3_log(rc, "statement aborts at %d: %s; [%s%s]",
                   pc, p->zErrMsg, zPrefix, zSql);
}

/*
** Return the symbolic name for the data type of a pMem
*/
static const char *vdbeMemTypeName(Mem *pMem){
  static const char *azTypes[] = {
      /* SQLITE_INTEGER */ "INT",

      sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s constraint failed", azType[pOp->p5-1]);
      if( pOp->p4.z ){
        p->zErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%z: %s", p->zErrMsg, pOp->p4.z);
      }
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeLogAbort(p, pOp->p1, pOp, aOp);

  }
  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_ERROR );
  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
  }else{
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT );

    aPermute = pOp[-1].p4.ai + 1;
    assert( aPermute!=0 );
  }
  n = pOp->p3;
  pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
  assert( n>0 );
  assert( pKeyInfo!=0 );
  assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( aPermute ){
    int k, mx = 0;
    for(k=0; k<n; k++) if( aPermute[k]>(u32)mx ) mx = aPermute[k];
    assert( p1>0 && p1+mx<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1 );

/* Opcode: TypeCheck P1 P2 P3 P4 *
** Synopsis: typecheck(r[P1@P2])
**
** Apply affinities to the range of P2 registers beginning with P1.
** Take the affinities from the Table object in P4.  If any value
** cannot be coerced into the correct type, then raise an error.
**
** If P3==0, then omit checking of VIRTUAL columns.
**
** If P3==1, then omit checking of all generated column, both VIRTUAL
** and STORED.
**
** If P3>=2, then only check column number P3-2 in the table (which will
** be a VIRTUAL column) against the value in reg[P1].  In this case,
** P2 will be 1.
**
** This opcode is similar to OP_Affinity except that this opcode
** forces the register type to the Table column type.  This is used
** to implement "strict affinity".
**
** GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STATIC columns are only checked if P3
** is zero.  When P3 is non-zero, no type checking occurs for
** static generated columns.  Virtual columns are computed at query time
** and so they are never checked.
**
** Preconditions:
**
** <ul>
** <li> P2 should be the number of non-virtual columns in the
**      table of P4 unless P3>1, in which case P2 will be 1.
** <li> Table P4 is a STRICT table.
** </ul>
**
** If any precondition is false, an assertion fault occurs.
*/
case OP_TypeCheck: {
  Table *pTab;
  Column *aCol;
  int i;
  int nCol;

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE );
  pTab = pOp->p4.pTab;
  assert( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict );
  assert( pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<pTab->nCol+2 );
  aCol = pTab->aCol;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pOp->p3<2 ){
    assert( pTab->nNVCol==pOp->p2 );
    i = 0;
    nCol = pTab->nCol;
  }else{
    i = pOp->p3-2;
    nCol = i+1;
    assert( i<pTab->nCol );
    assert( aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
    assert( pOp->p2==1 );
  }
  for(; i<nCol; i++){
    if( (aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0 && pOp->p3<2 ){
      if( (aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) continue;
      if( pOp->p3 ){ pIn1++; continue; }
    }
    assert( pIn1 < &aMem[pOp->p1+pOp->p2] );
    applyAffinity(pIn1, aCol[i].affinity, encoding);
    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
      switch( aCol[i].eCType ){
        case COLTYPE_BLOB: {

        memcpy(zPayload, pRec->z, pRec->n);
        zPayload += pRec->n;
      }
    }else{
      zHdr += sqlite3PutVarint(zHdr, serial_type);
      if( pRec->n ){
        assert( pRec->z!=0 );
        assert( pRec->z!=(const char*)sqlite3CtypeMap );
        memcpy(zPayload, pRec->z, pRec->n);
        zPayload += pRec->n;
      }
    }
    if( pRec==pLast ) break;
    pRec++;
  }

    assert( r.aMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
    assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_NoConflict );
    rc = ExpandBlob(r.aMem);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
    if( rc ) goto no_mem;
    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pC->pKeyInfo);
    if( pIdxKey==0 ) goto no_mem;
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(r.aMem->n, r.aMem->z, pIdxKey);
    pIdxKey->default_rc = 0;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeIndexMoveto(pC->uc.pCursor, pIdxKey, &pC->seekResult);
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pIdxKey);
  }
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }

  pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
  if( pOp->p2>0 ){
    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
    if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IfEmpty P1 P2 * * *
** Synopsis: if( empty(P1) ) goto P2
**
** Check to see if the b-tree table that cursor P1 references is empty
** and jump to P2 if it is.
*/
case OP_IfEmpty: {        /* jump */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p2>=0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
  pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
  assert( pCrsr );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeIsEmpty(pCrsr, &res);
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
  if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 P3 * P5
**
** Advance cursor P1 so that it points to the next key/data pair in its
** table or index.  If there are no more key/value pairs then fall through
** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor advance was successful,
** jump immediately to P2.

case OP_VOpen: {             /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pCur;
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  assert( p->bIsReader );
  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pCur!=0
   && ALWAYS( pCur->eCurType==CURTYPE_VTAB )
   && ALWAYS( pCur->uc.pVCur->pVtab==pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab )
  ){
    /* This opcode is a no-op if the cursor is already open */
    break;
  }
  pVCur = 0;
  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
  if( pVtab==0 || NEVER(pVtab->pModule==0) ){
    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }
  pModule = pVtab->pModule;

#endif
  if( p->zErrMsg==0 && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
    sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
  }
  p->rc = rc;
  sqlite3SystemError(db, rc);
  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
  sqlite3VdbeLogAbort(p, rc, pOp, aOp);

  if( p->eVdbeState==VDBE_RUN_STATE ) sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
  if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
  if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT && db->autoCommit==0 ){
    db->flags |= SQLITE_CorruptRdOnly;
  }
  rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  if( resetSchemaOnFault>0 ){

static int blobReadWrite(
  sqlite3_blob *pBlob,
  void *z,
  int n,
  int iOffset,
  int (*xCall)(BtCursor*, u32, u32, void*)
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Incrblob *p = (Incrblob *)pBlob;
  Vdbe *v;
  sqlite3 *db;

  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  db = p->db;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);

      ** are not easily obtainable. And for the sessions module, an
      ** SQLITE_UPDATE where the PK columns do not change is handled in the
      ** same way as an SQLITE_DELETE (the SQLITE_DELETE code is actually
      ** slightly more efficient). Since you cannot write to a PK column
      ** using the incremental-blob API, this works. For the sessions module
      ** anyhow.
      */
      if( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(p->pCsr)==0 ){
        /* If the cursor is not currently valid, try to reseek it. This
        ** always either fails or finds the correct row - the cursor will
        ** have been marked permanently CURSOR_INVALID if the open row has
        ** been deleted.  */
        int bDiff = 0;
        rc = sqlite3BtreeCursorRestore(p->pCsr, &bDiff);
        assert( bDiff==0 || sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(p->pCsr)==0 );
      }
      if( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(p->pCsr) ){
        sqlite3_int64 iKey;
        iKey = sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(p->pCsr);
        assert( v->apCsr[0]!=0 );
        assert( v->apCsr[0]->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
        sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(
            v, v->apCsr[0], SQLITE_DELETE, p->zDb, p->pTab, iKey, -1, p->iCol
        );
      }
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = xCall(p->pCsr, iOffset+p->iOffset, n, z);
    }
#else
    rc = xCall(p->pCsr, iOffset+p->iOffset, n, z);
#endif

    sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(p->pCsr);
    if( rc==SQLITE_ABORT ){
      sqlite3VdbeFinalize(v);
      p->pStmt = 0;
    }else{
      v->rc = rc;
    }

  SortSubtask *pTask,             /* Subtask context (for pKeyInfo) */
  int *pbKey2Cached,              /* True if pTask->pUnpacked is pKey2 */
  const void *pKey1, int nKey1,   /* Left side of comparison */
  const void *pKey2, int nKey2    /* Right side of comparison */
){
  UnpackedRecord *r2 = pTask->pUnpacked;
  if( *pbKey2Cached==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(nKey2, pKey2, r2);
    *pbKey2Cached = 1;
  }
  return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(nKey1, pKey1, r2, 1);
}

/*
** Compare key1 (buffer pKey1, size nKey1 bytes) with key2 (buffer pKey2,

  SortSubtask *pTask,             /* Subtask context (for pKeyInfo) */
  int *pbKey2Cached,              /* True if pTask->pUnpacked is pKey2 */
  const void *pKey1, int nKey1,   /* Left side of comparison */
  const void *pKey2, int nKey2    /* Right side of comparison */
){
  UnpackedRecord *r2 = pTask->pUnpacked;
  if( !*pbKey2Cached ){
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(nKey2, pKey2, r2);
    *pbKey2Cached = 1;
  }
  return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nKey1, pKey1, r2);
}

/*
** A specially optimized version of vdbeSorterCompare() that assumes that

  if( res==0 ){
    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>1 ){
      res = vdbeSorterCompareTail(
          pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
      );
    }
  }else{
    assert( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
    assert( !(pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0]&KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL) );
    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] ){
      res = res * -1;
    }
  }

  return res;

    if( res>0 ){
      if( *v1 & 0x80 ) res = -1;
    }else{
      if( *v2 & 0x80 ) res = +1;
    }
  }

  assert( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
  if( res==0 ){
    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>1 ){
      res = vdbeSorterCompareTail(
          pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
      );
    }
  }else if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] ){

#endif

  assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo );
  assert( !pCsr->isEphemeral );
  assert( pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_SORTER );
  assert( sizeof(KeyInfo) + UMXV(pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField)*sizeof(CollSeq*)
               < 0x7fffffff );
  assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField<=pCsr->pKeyInfo->nAllField );
  szKeyInfo = SZ_KEYINFO(pCsr->pKeyInfo->nAllField);
  sz = SZ_VDBESORTER(nWorker+1);

  pSorter = (VdbeSorter*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sz + szKeyInfo);
  pCsr->uc.pSorter = pSorter;
  if( pSorter==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }else{
    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[0].pBt;
    pSorter->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo = (KeyInfo*)((u8*)pSorter + sz);
    memcpy(pKeyInfo, pCsr->pKeyInfo, szKeyInfo);
    pKeyInfo->db = 0;
    if( nField && nWorker==0 ){
      pKeyInfo->nKeyField = nField;
      assert( nField<=pCsr->pKeyInfo->nAllField );
    }
    /* It is OK that pKeyInfo reuses the aSortFlags field from pCsr->pKeyInfo,
    ** since the pCsr->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[] array is invariant and lives
    ** longer that pSorter. */
    assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags==pCsr->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags );
    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
    pSorter->pgsz = pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
    pSorter->nTask = nWorker + 1;
    pSorter->iPrev = (u8)(nWorker - 1);
    pSorter->bUseThreads = (pSorter->nTask>1);
    pSorter->db = db;

    r2 = pSorter->pUnpacked = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pKeyInfo);
    if( r2==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    r2->nField = nKeyCol;
  }
  assert( r2->nField==nKeyCol );

  pKey = vdbeSorterRowkey(pSorter, &nKey);
  sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(nKey, pKey, r2);
  for(i=0; i<nKeyCol; i++){
    if( r2->aMem[i].flags & MEM_Null ){
      *pRes = -1;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

        }
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT)==0 ){
          /* Clearly non-deterministic functions like random(), but also
          ** date/time functions that use 'now', and other functions like
          ** sqlite_version() that might change over time cannot be used
          ** in an index or generated column.  Curiously, they can be used
          ** in a CHECK constraint.  SQLServer, MySQL, and PostgreSQL all
          ** allow this. */
          sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "non-deterministic functions",
                                 NC_IdxExpr|NC_PartIdx|NC_GenCol, 0, pExpr);
        }else{
          assert( (NC_SelfRef & 0xff)==NC_SelfRef ); /* Must fit in 8 bits */
          pExpr->op2 = pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef;

        }
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL)!=0
         && pParse->nested==0
         && (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_InternalFunc)==0
        ){
          /* Internal-use-only functions are disallowed unless the
          ** SQL is being compiled using sqlite3NestedParse() or
          ** the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS test-control has be
          ** used to activate internal functions for testing purposes */
          no_such_func = 1;
          pDef = 0;
        }else
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE))!=0
         && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT
        ){
          if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_FromDDL ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
          sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(pParse, pExpr, pDef);
        }
      }

      if( 0==IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
        assert( is_agg==0 || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)

      }
      /* FIX ME:  Compute pExpr->affinity based on the expected return
      ** type of the function
      */
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_EXISTS:
    case TK_SELECT:
#endif
    case TK_IN: {
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IN );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
      if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        int nRef = pNC->nRef;
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
        assert( pExpr->x.pSelect );
        if( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS )  pParse->bHasExists = 1;
        if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef ){
          notValidImpl(pParse, pNC, "subqueries", pExpr, pExpr);
        }else{
          sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect);
        }
        assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
        if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){

      assert( pExpr->iColumn < pExpr->iTable );
      assert( pExpr->iColumn >= 0 );
      assert( pExpr->iTable==pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr );
      return sqlite3ExprAffinity(
          pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr
      );
    }
    if( op==TK_VECTOR
     || (op==TK_FUNCTION && pExpr->affExpr==SQLITE_AFF_DEFER)
    ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_IfNullRow) ){
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE
           || pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW
           || (pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) );

      }
      break;
    }
    if( op==TK_CAST || op==TK_UPLUS ){
      p = p->pLeft;
      continue;
    }
    if( op==TK_VECTOR
     || (op==TK_FUNCTION && p->affExpr==SQLITE_AFF_DEFER)
    ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      p = p->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      continue;
    }
    if( op==TK_COLLATE ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) );
      pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), 0, p->u.zToken);

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  if( pLeft==0  ){
    return pRight;
  }else if( pRight==0 ){
    return pLeft;
  }else{
    u32 f = pLeft->flags | pRight->flags;
    if( (f&(EP_OuterON|EP_InnerON|EP_IsFalse|EP_HasFunc))==EP_IsFalse
     && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT
    ){
      sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pLeft);
      sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pRight);
      return sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "0");
    }else{
      return sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, pLeft, pRight);

      pExpr = pExpr->op==TK_AND ? pRight : pLeft;
    }else if( ExprAlwaysTrue(pRight) || ExprAlwaysFalse(pLeft) ){
      pExpr = pExpr->op==TK_AND ? pLeft : pRight;
    }
  }
  return pExpr;
}

/*
** Return true if it might be advantageous to compute the right operand
** of expression pExpr first, before the left operand.
**
** Normally the left operand is computed before the right operand.  But if
** the left operand contains a subquery and the right does not, then it
** might be more efficient to compute the right operand first.
*/
static int exprEvalRhsFirst(Expr *pExpr){
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr->pLeft, EP_Subquery)
   && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr->pRight, EP_Subquery)
  ){
    return 1;
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
}

/*
** Compute the two operands of a binary operator.
**
** If either operand contains a subquery, then the code strives to
** compute the operand containing the subquery second.  If the other
** operand evalutes to NULL, then a jump is made.  The address of the
** IsNull operand that does this jump is returned.  The caller can use
** this to optimize the computation so as to avoid doing the potentially
** expensive subquery.
**
** If no optimization opportunities exist, return 0.
*/
static int exprComputeOperands(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  Expr *pExpr,       /* The comparison expression */
  int *pR1,          /* OUT: Register holding the left operand */
  int *pR2,          /* OUT: Register holding the right operand */
  int *pFree1,       /* OUT: Temp register to free if not zero */
  int *pFree2        /* OUT: Another temp register to free if not zero */
){
  int addrIsNull;
  int r1, r2;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;

  assert( v!=0 );
  /*
  ** If the left operand contains a (possibly expensive) subquery and the
  ** right operand does not and the right operation might be NULL,
  ** then compute the right operand first and do an IsNull jump if the
  ** right operand evalutes to NULL.
  */
  if( exprEvalRhsFirst(pExpr) && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr->pRight) ){
    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, pFree2);
    addrIsNull = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, r2);
    VdbeComment((v, "skip left operand"));
    VdbeCoverage(v);
  }else{
    r2 = 0; /* Silence a false-positive uninit-var warning in MSVC */
    addrIsNull = 0;
  }
  r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pFree1);
  if( addrIsNull==0 ){
    /*
    ** If the right operand contains a subquery and the left operand does not
    ** and the left operand might be NULL, then check the left operand do
    ** an IsNull check on the left operand before computing the right
    ** operand.
    */
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr->pRight, EP_Subquery)
     && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr->pLeft)
    ){
      addrIsNull = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, r1);
      VdbeComment((v, "skip right operand"));
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, pFree2);
  }
  *pR1 = r1;
  *pR2 = r2;
  return addrIsNull;
}

/*
** pExpr is a TK_FUNCTION node.  Try to determine whether or not the
** function is a constant function.  A function is constant if all of
** the following are true:
**
**    (1)  It is a scalar function (not an aggregate or window function)

    VdbeComment((v, "Init subquery result"));
  }else{
    dest.eDest = SRT_Exists;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iSDParm);
    VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
  }
  if( pSel->pLimit ){
    /* The subquery already has a limit.  If the pre-existing limit X is
    ** not already integer value 1 or 0, then make the new limit X<>0 so that
    ** the new limit is either 1 or 0 */
    Expr *pLeft = pSel->pLimit->pLeft;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pLeft, EP_IntValue)==0
     || (pLeft->u.iValue!=1 && pLeft->u.iValue!=0)
    ){
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
      pLimit = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "0");
      if( pLimit ){
        pLimit->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
        pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NE,
            sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0), pLimit);
      }
      sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pLeft);
      pSel->pLimit->pLeft = pLimit;
    }
  }else{
    /* If there is no pre-existing limit add a limit of 1 */
    pLimit = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, "1");
    pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LIMIT, pLimit, 0);
  }
  pSel->iLimit = 0;
  if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){

  assert( pParse->iSelfTab!=0 );
  if( pParse->iSelfTab>0 ){
    iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNullRow, pParse->iSelfTab-1, 0, regOut);
  }else{
    iAddr = 0;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab,pCol), regOut);
  if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0
   && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict)!=0
  ){
    int p3 = 2+(int)(pCol - pTab->aCol);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_TypeCheck, regOut, 1, p3, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE);
  }else if( pCol->affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, regOut, 1, 0, &pCol->affinity, 1);
  }
  if( iAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
  if( pParse->nErr>nErr ) pParse->db->errByteOffset = -1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */

    case TK_LT:
    case TK_LE:
    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE:
    case TK_NE:
    case TK_EQ: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      int addrIsNull = 0;
      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pLeft) ){
        codeVectorCompare(pParse, pExpr, target, op, p5);
      }else{
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subquery) && p5!=SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
          addrIsNull = exprComputeOperands(pParse, pExpr,
                                     &r1, &r2, &regFree1, &regFree2);
        }else{
          r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
          r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, inReg);
        codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op, r1, r2,
            sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, p5,
            ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted));
        assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
        assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
        assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
        assert(TK_GE==OP_Ge); testcase(op==OP_Ge); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ge);
        assert(TK_EQ==OP_Eq); testcase(op==OP_Eq); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Eq);
        assert(TK_NE==OP_Ne); testcase(op==OP_Ne); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ne);
        if( p5==SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, inReg);
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ZeroOrNull, r1, inReg, r2);
          if( addrIsNull ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, inReg);
          }
        }
        testcase( regFree1==0 );
        testcase( regFree2==0 );

      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_AND:
    case TK_OR:
    case TK_PLUS:
    case TK_STAR:
    case TK_MINUS:
    case TK_REM:
    case TK_BITAND:
    case TK_BITOR:
    case TK_SLASH:
    case TK_LSHIFT:
    case TK_RSHIFT:
    case TK_CONCAT: {
      int addrIsNull;
      assert( TK_AND==OP_And );            testcase( op==TK_AND );
      assert( TK_OR==OP_Or );              testcase( op==TK_OR );
      assert( TK_PLUS==OP_Add );           testcase( op==TK_PLUS );
      assert( TK_MINUS==OP_Subtract );     testcase( op==TK_MINUS );
      assert( TK_REM==OP_Remainder );      testcase( op==TK_REM );
      assert( TK_BITAND==OP_BitAnd );      testcase( op==TK_BITAND );
      assert( TK_BITOR==OP_BitOr );        testcase( op==TK_BITOR );
      assert( TK_SLASH==OP_Divide );       testcase( op==TK_SLASH );
      assert( TK_LSHIFT==OP_ShiftLeft );   testcase( op==TK_LSHIFT );
      assert( TK_RSHIFT==OP_ShiftRight );  testcase( op==TK_RSHIFT );
      assert( TK_CONCAT==OP_Concat );      testcase( op==TK_CONCAT );
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subquery) ){
        addrIsNull = exprComputeOperands(pParse, pExpr,
                                   &r1, &r2, &regFree1, &regFree2);
      }else{
        r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
        r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
        addrIsNull = 0;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, r2, r1, target);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      testcase( regFree2==0 );
      if( addrIsNull ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
        VdbeComment((v, "short-circut value"));
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_UMINUS: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      assert( pLeft );
      if( pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER ){
        codeInteger(pParse, pLeft, 1, target);

  op = pExpr->op;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AND:
    case TK_OR: {
      Expr *pAlt = sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(pExpr);
      if( pAlt!=pExpr ){
        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pAlt, dest, jumpIfNull);
      }else{
        Expr *pFirst, *pSecond;
        if( exprEvalRhsFirst(pExpr) ){
          pFirst = pExpr->pRight;
          pSecond = pExpr->pLeft;
        }else{
          pFirst = pExpr->pLeft;
          pSecond = pExpr->pRight;
        }
        if( op==TK_AND ){
          int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
          testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
          sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pFirst, d2,
                             jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
          sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pSecond, dest, jumpIfNull);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
        }else{
          testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
          sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pFirst, dest, jumpIfNull);
          sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pSecond, dest, jumpIfNull);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_NOT: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;

      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    case TK_LT:
    case TK_LE:
    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE:
    case TK_NE:
    case TK_EQ: {
      int addrIsNull;
      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pExpr->pLeft) ) goto default_expr;
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subquery) && jumpIfNull!=SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
        addrIsNull = exprComputeOperands(pParse, pExpr,
                                   &r1, &r2, &regFree1, &regFree2);
      }else{
        r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
        r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
        addrIsNull = 0;
      }
      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull, ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted));
      assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
      assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
      assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
      assert(TK_GE==OP_Ge); testcase(op==OP_Ge); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ge);
      assert(TK_EQ==OP_Eq); testcase(op==OP_Eq);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Eq && jumpIfNull==SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Eq && jumpIfNull!=SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      assert(TK_NE==OP_Ne); testcase(op==OP_Ne);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Ne && jumpIfNull==SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Ne && jumpIfNull!=SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      testcase( regFree2==0 );
      if( addrIsNull ){
        if( jumpIfNull ){
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addrIsNull, dest);
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_ISNULL:
    case TK_NOTNULL: {
      assert( TK_ISNULL==OP_IsNull );   testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );
      assert( TK_NOTNULL==OP_NotNull ); testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );
      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
      assert( regFree1==0 || regFree1==r1 );
      if( regFree1 ) sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(v, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, dest);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_ISNULL);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_NOTNULL);

      break;
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, dest, sqlite3ExprIfTrue, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AND:
    case TK_OR: {
      Expr *pAlt = sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(pExpr);
      if( pAlt!=pExpr ){
        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pAlt, dest, jumpIfNull);
      }else{
        Expr *pFirst, *pSecond;
        if( exprEvalRhsFirst(pExpr) ){
          pFirst = pExpr->pRight;
          pSecond = pExpr->pLeft;
        }else{
          pFirst = pExpr->pLeft;
          pSecond = pExpr->pRight;
        }
        if( pExpr->op==TK_AND ){
          testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
          sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pFirst, dest, jumpIfNull);
          sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pSecond, dest, jumpIfNull);
        }else{
          int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
          testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
          sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pFirst, d2,
                            jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
          sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pSecond, dest, jumpIfNull);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_NOT: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;

      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    case TK_LT:
    case TK_LE:
    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE:
    case TK_NE:
    case TK_EQ: {
      int addrIsNull;
      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pExpr->pLeft) ) goto default_expr;
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subquery) && jumpIfNull!=SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
        addrIsNull = exprComputeOperands(pParse, pExpr,
                                   &r1, &r2, &regFree1, &regFree2);
      }else{
        r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
        r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
        addrIsNull = 0;
      }
      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull,ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted));
      assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
      assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
      assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
      assert(TK_GE==OP_Ge); testcase(op==OP_Ge); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ge);
      assert(TK_EQ==OP_Eq); testcase(op==OP_Eq);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Eq && jumpIfNull!=SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Eq && jumpIfNull==SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      assert(TK_NE==OP_Ne); testcase(op==OP_Ne);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Ne && jumpIfNull!=SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Ne && jumpIfNull==SQLITE_NULLEQ);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      testcase( regFree2==0 );
      if( addrIsNull ){
        if( jumpIfNull ){
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addrIsNull, dest);
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_ISNULL:
    case TK_NOTNULL: {
      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
      assert( regFree1==0 || regFree1==r1 );
      if( regFree1 ) sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(v, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, dest);
      testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );   VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_ISNULL);
      testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_NOTNULL);

      break;
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, dest, sqlite3ExprIfFalse, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }

static void findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo,   /* The AggInfo object to search and/or modify */
  Expr *pExpr          /* Expr describing the column to find or insert */
){
  struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
  int k;
  int mxTerm = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN];

  assert( mxTerm <= SMXV(i16) );
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  pCol = pAggInfo->aCol;
  for(k=0; k<pAggInfo->nColumn; k++, pCol++){
    if( pCol->pCExpr==pExpr ) return;
    if( pCol->iTable==pExpr->iTable
     && pCol->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn
     && pExpr->op!=TK_IF_NULL_ROW
    ){
      goto fix_up_expr;
    }
  }
  k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
  if( k<0 ){
    /* OOM on resize */
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return;
  }
  if( k>mxTerm ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "more than %d aggregate terms", mxTerm);
    k = mxTerm;
  }
  pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[k];
  assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
  pCol->pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
  pCol->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
  pCol->iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
  pCol->iSorterColumn = -1;

fix_up_expr:
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
  assert( pExpr->pAggInfo==0 || pExpr->pAggInfo==pAggInfo );
  pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    pExpr->op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
  }
  assert( k <= SMXV(pExpr->iAgg) );
  pExpr->iAgg = (i16)k;
}

/*
** This is the xExprCallback for a tree walker.  It is used to
** implement sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates().  See sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates
** for additional information.

       && pWalker->walkerDepth==pExpr->op2
       && pExpr->pAggInfo==0
      ){
        /* Check to see if pExpr is a duplicate of another aggregate
        ** function that is already in the pAggInfo structure
        */
        struct AggInfo_func *pItem = pAggInfo->aFunc;
        int mxTerm = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN];
        assert( mxTerm <= SMXV(i16) );
        for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pItem++){
          if( NEVER(pItem->pFExpr==pExpr) ) break;
          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pItem->pFExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
            break;
          }
        }
        if( i>mxTerm ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "more than %d aggregate terms", mxTerm);
          i = mxTerm;
          assert( i<pAggInfo->nFunc );
        }else if( i>=pAggInfo->nFunc ){
          /* pExpr is original.  Make a new entry in pAggInfo->aFunc[]
          */
          u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
          i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
          if( i>=0 ){
            int nArg;
            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );

            }
          }
        }
        /* Make pExpr point to the appropriate pAggInfo->aFunc[] entry
        */
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
        ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
        assert( i <= SMXV(pExpr->iAgg) );
        pExpr->iAgg = (i16)i;
        pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
        return WRC_Prune;
      }else{
        return WRC_Continue;
      }
    }

    if( zQuot==0 ){
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      nQuot = sqlite3Strlen30(zQuot)-1;
    }

    assert( nQuot>=nNew && nSql>=0 && nNew>=0 );
    zOut = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, (u64)nSql + pRename->nList*(u64)nQuot + 1);
  }else{
    assert( nSql>0 );
    zOut = (char*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, (2*(u64)nSql + 1) * 3);
    if( zOut ){
      zBuf1 = &zOut[nSql*2+1];
      zBuf2 = &zOut[nSql*4+2];
    }
  }

  /* At this point pRename->pList contains a list of RenameToken objects

      else if( sqlite3_strglob("costmult=[0-9]*",z)==0 ){
        pIndex->pTable->costMult = sqlite3LogEst(sqlite3Atoi(z+9));
      }
#endif
      while( z[0]!=0 && z[0]!=' ' ) z++;
      while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
    }










  }
}

/*
** This callback is invoked once for each index when reading the
** sqlite_stat1 table.
**

      pIndex->uniqNotNull = 0;
      pIndex->bHasExpr = 1;
    }else{
      j = pCExpr->iColumn;
      assert( j<=0x7fff );
      if( j<0 ){
        j = pTab->iPKey;

      }else{
        if( pTab->aCol[j].notNull==0 ){
          pIndex->uniqNotNull = 0;
        }
        if( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
          pIndex->bHasVCol = 1;
          pIndex->bHasExpr = 1;

/*
** Append the contents of SrcList p2 to SrcList p1 and return the resulting
** SrcList. Or, if an error occurs, return NULL. In all cases, p1 and p2
** are deleted by this function.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2){
  assert( p1 );
  assert( p2 || pParse->nErr );
  assert( p2==0 || p2->nSrc>=1 );
  testcase( p1->nSrc==0 );
  if( p2 ){
    int nOld = p1->nSrc;
    SrcList *pNew = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(pParse, p1, p2->nSrc, nOld);
    if( pNew==0 ){
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, p2);
    }else{
      p1 = pNew;
      memcpy(&p1->a[nOld], p2->a, p2->nSrc*sizeof(SrcItem));
      assert( nOld==1 || (p2->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)==0 );
      assert( p1->nSrc>=1 );
      p1->a[0].fg.jointype |= (JT_LTORJ & p2->a[0].fg.jointype);
      sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, p2);

    }
  }
  return p1;
}

/*
** Add the list of function arguments to the SrcList entry for a