Fossil

  }
  sqlite3_result_blob(context, SHA3Final(&cx), iSize/8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
}

/* Compute a string using sqlite3_vsnprintf() with a maximum length
** of 50 bytes and add it to the hash.
*/
static void sha3_step_vformat(
  SHA3Context *p,                 /* Add content to this context */
  const char *zFormat,
  ...
){
  va_list ap;
  int n;
  char zBuf[50];

      sqlite3_free(zMsg);
      return;
    }
    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
    z = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
    if( z ){
      n = (int)strlen(z);
      sha3_step_vformat(&cx,"S%d:",n);
      SHA3Update(&cx,(unsigned char*)z,n);
    }

    /* Compute a hash over the result of the query */
    while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
      SHA3Update(&cx,(const unsigned char*)"R",1);
      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){

            x[0] = 'F';
            SHA3Update(&cx,x,9);
            break;
          }
          case SQLITE_TEXT: {
            int n2 = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, i);
            const unsigned char *z2 = sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, i);
            sha3_step_vformat(&cx,"T%d:",n2);
            SHA3Update(&cx, z2, n2);
            break;
          }
          case SQLITE_BLOB: {
            int n2 = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, i);
            const unsigned char *z2 = sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, i);
            sha3_step_vformat(&cx,"B%d:",n2);
            SHA3Update(&cx, z2, n2);
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);

      c = (c&0x1f)<<6 | (p->z[p->i++]&0x3f);
      if( c<0x80 ) c = 0xfffd;
    }else if( (c&0xf0)==0xe0 && p->i+1<p->mx && (p->z[p->i]&0xc0)==0x80
           && (p->z[p->i+1]&0xc0)==0x80 ){
      c = (c&0x0f)<<12 | ((p->z[p->i]&0x3f)<<6) | (p->z[p->i+1]&0x3f);
      p->i += 2;
      if( c<=0x7ff || (c>=0xd800 && c<=0xdfff) ) c = 0xfffd;
    }else if( (c&0xf8)==0xf0 && p->i+2<p->mx && (p->z[p->i]&0xc0)==0x80
           && (p->z[p->i+1]&0xc0)==0x80 && (p->z[p->i+2]&0xc0)==0x80 ){
      c = (c&0x07)<<18 | ((p->z[p->i]&0x3f)<<12) | ((p->z[p->i+1]&0x3f)<<6)
                       | (p->z[p->i+2]&0x3f);
      p->i += 3;
      if( c<=0xffff || c>0x10ffff ) c = 0xfffd;
    }else{
      c = 0xfffd;

  }

  /* The following is a performance optimization.  If the regex begins with
  ** ".*" (if the input regex lacks an initial "^") and afterwards there are
  ** one or more matching characters, enter those matching characters into
  ** zInit[].  The re_match() routine can then search ahead in the input 
  ** string looking for the initial match without having to run the whole
  ** regex engine over the string.  Do not worry about trying to match
  ** unicode characters beyond plane 0 - those are very rare and this is
  ** just an optimization. */
  if( pRe->aOp[0]==RE_OP_ANYSTAR && !noCase ){
    for(j=0, i=1; j<(int)sizeof(pRe->zInit)-2 && pRe->aOp[i]==RE_OP_MATCH; i++){
      unsigned x = pRe->aArg[i];
      if( x<=0x7f ){
        pRe->zInit[j++] = (unsigned char)x;
      }else if( x<=0x7ff ){
        pRe->zInit[j++] = (unsigned char)(0xc0 | (x>>6));
        pRe->zInit[j++] = 0x80 | (x&0x3f);
      }else if( x<=0xffff ){
        pRe->zInit[j++] = (unsigned char)(0xe0 | (x>>12));
        pRe->zInit[j++] = 0x80 | ((x>>6)&0x3f);
        pRe->zInit[j++] = 0x80 | (x&0x3f);
      }else{

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB)
#define SQLITE_SHELL_HAVE_RECOVER 1
#else
#define SQLITE_SHELL_HAVE_RECOVER 0
#endif
#if SQLITE_SHELL_HAVE_RECOVER
/************************* Begin ../ext/recover/sqlite3recover.h ******************/
/*
** 2022-08-27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains the public interface to the "recover" extension -
** an SQLite extension designed to recover data from corrupted database
** files.
*/

/*
** OVERVIEW:
**
** To use the API to recover data from a corrupted database, an
** application:
**
**   1) Creates an sqlite3_recover handle by calling either
**      sqlite3_recover_init() or sqlite3_recover_init_sql().
**
**   2) Configures the new handle using one or more calls to
**      sqlite3_recover_config().
**
**   3) Executes the recovery by repeatedly calling sqlite3_recover_step() on
**      the handle until it returns something other than SQLITE_OK. If it
**      returns SQLITE_DONE, then the recovery operation completed without 
**      error. If it returns some other non-SQLITE_OK value, then an error 
**      has occurred.
**
**   4) Retrieves any error code and English language error message using the
**      sqlite3_recover_errcode() and sqlite3_recover_errmsg() APIs,
**      respectively.
**
**   5) Destroys the sqlite3_recover handle and frees all resources
**      using sqlite3_recover_finish().
**
** The application may abandon the recovery operation at any point 
** before it is finished by passing the sqlite3_recover handle to
** sqlite3_recover_finish(). This is not an error, but the final state
** of the output database, or the results of running the partial script
** delivered to the SQL callback, are undefined.
*/

#ifndef _SQLITE_RECOVER_H
#define _SQLITE_RECOVER_H

/* #include "sqlite3.h" */

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/*
** An instance of the sqlite3_recover object represents a recovery
** operation in progress.
**
** Constructors:
**
**    sqlite3_recover_init()
**    sqlite3_recover_init_sql()
**
** Destructor:
**
**    sqlite3_recover_finish()
**
** Methods:
**
**    sqlite3_recover_config()
**    sqlite3_recover_errcode()
**    sqlite3_recover_errmsg()
**    sqlite3_recover_run()
**    sqlite3_recover_step()
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_recover sqlite3_recover;

/* 
** These two APIs attempt to create and return a new sqlite3_recover object.
** In both cases the first two arguments identify the (possibly
** corrupt) database to recover data from. The first argument is an open
** database handle and the second the name of a database attached to that
** handle (i.e. "main", "temp" or the name of an attached database).
**
** If sqlite3_recover_init() is used to create the new sqlite3_recover
** handle, then data is recovered into a new database, identified by
** string parameter zUri. zUri may be an absolute or relative file path,
** or may be an SQLite URI. If the identified database file already exists,
** it is overwritten.
**
** If sqlite3_recover_init_sql() is invoked, then any recovered data will
** be returned to the user as a series of SQL statements. Executing these
** SQL statements results in the same database as would have been created
** had sqlite3_recover_init() been used. For each SQL statement in the
** output, the callback function passed as the third argument (xSql) is 
** invoked once. The first parameter is a passed a copy of the fourth argument
** to this function (pCtx) as its first parameter, and a pointer to a
** nul-terminated buffer containing the SQL statement formated as UTF-8 as 
** the second. If the xSql callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK,
** then processing is immediately abandoned and the value returned used as
** the recover handle error code (see below).
**
** If an out-of-memory error occurs, NULL may be returned instead of
** a valid handle. In all other cases, it is the responsibility of the
** application to avoid resource leaks by ensuring that
** sqlite3_recover_finish() is called on all allocated handles.
*/
sqlite3_recover *sqlite3_recover_init(
  sqlite3* db, 
  const char *zDb, 
  const char *zUri
);
sqlite3_recover *sqlite3_recover_init_sql(
  sqlite3* db, 
  const char *zDb, 
  int (*xSql)(void*, const char*),
  void *pCtx
);

/*
** Configure an sqlite3_recover object that has just been created using
** sqlite3_recover_init() or sqlite3_recover_init_sql(). This function
** may only be called before the first call to sqlite3_recover_step()
** or sqlite3_recover_run() on the object.
**
** The second argument passed to this function must be one of the
** SQLITE_RECOVER_* symbols defined below. Valid values for the third argument
** depend on the specific SQLITE_RECOVER_* symbol in use.
**
** SQLITE_OK is returned if the configuration operation was successful,
** or an SQLite error code otherwise.
*/
int sqlite3_recover_config(sqlite3_recover*, int op, void *pArg);

/*
** SQLITE_RECOVER_LOST_AND_FOUND:
**   The pArg argument points to a string buffer containing the name
**   of a "lost-and-found" table in the output database, or NULL. If
**   the argument is non-NULL and the database contains seemingly
**   valid pages that cannot be associated with any table in the
**   recovered part of the schema, data is extracted from these
**   pages to add to the lost-and-found table.
**
** SQLITE_RECOVER_FREELIST_CORRUPT:
**   The pArg value must actually be a pointer to a value of type
**   int containing value 0 or 1 cast as a (void*). If this option is set
**   (argument is 1) and a lost-and-found table has been configured using
**   SQLITE_RECOVER_LOST_AND_FOUND, then is assumed that the freelist is 
**   corrupt and an attempt is made to recover records from pages that
**   appear to be linked into the freelist. Otherwise, pages on the freelist
**   are ignored. Setting this option can recover more data from the
**   database, but often ends up "recovering" deleted records. The default 
**   value is 0 (clear).
**
** SQLITE_RECOVER_ROWIDS:
**   The pArg value must actually be a pointer to a value of type
**   int containing value 0 or 1 cast as a (void*). If this option is set
**   (argument is 1), then an attempt is made to recover rowid values
**   that are not also INTEGER PRIMARY KEY values. If this option is
**   clear, then new rowids are assigned to all recovered rows. The
**   default value is 1 (set).
**
** SQLITE_RECOVER_SLOWINDEXES:
**   The pArg value must actually be a pointer to a value of type
**   int containing value 0 or 1 cast as a (void*). If this option is clear
**   (argument is 0), then when creating an output database, the recover 
**   module creates and populates non-UNIQUE indexes right at the end of the
**   recovery operation - after all recoverable data has been inserted
**   into the new database. This is faster overall, but means that the
**   final call to sqlite3_recover_step() for a recovery operation may
**   be need to create a large number of indexes, which may be very slow.
**
**   Or, if this option is set (argument is 1), then non-UNIQUE indexes
**   are created in the output database before it is populated with 
**   recovered data. This is slower overall, but avoids the slow call
**   to sqlite3_recover_step() at the end of the recovery operation.
**
**   The default option value is 0.
*/
#define SQLITE_RECOVER_LOST_AND_FOUND   1
#define SQLITE_RECOVER_FREELIST_CORRUPT 2
#define SQLITE_RECOVER_ROWIDS           3
#define SQLITE_RECOVER_SLOWINDEXES      4

/*
** Perform a unit of work towards the recovery operation. This function 
** must normally be called multiple times to complete database recovery.
**
** If no error occurs but the recovery operation is not completed, this
** function returns SQLITE_OK. If recovery has been completed successfully
** then SQLITE_DONE is returned. If an error has occurred, then an SQLite
** error code (e.g. SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned. It is not
** considered an error if some or all of the data cannot be recovered
** due to database corruption.
**
** Once sqlite3_recover_step() has returned a value other than SQLITE_OK,
** all further such calls on the same recover handle are no-ops that return
** the same non-SQLITE_OK value.
*/
int sqlite3_recover_step(sqlite3_recover*);

/* 
** Run the recovery operation to completion. Return SQLITE_OK if successful,
** or an SQLite error code otherwise. Calling this function is the same
** as executing:
**
**     while( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3_recover_step(p) );
**     return sqlite3_recover_errcode(p);
*/
int sqlite3_recover_run(sqlite3_recover*);

/*
** If an error has been encountered during a prior call to
** sqlite3_recover_step(), then this function attempts to return a 
** pointer to a buffer containing an English language explanation of 
** the error. If no error message is available, or if an out-of memory 
** error occurs while attempting to allocate a buffer in which to format
** the error message, NULL is returned.
**
** The returned buffer remains valid until the sqlite3_recover handle is
** destroyed using sqlite3_recover_finish().
*/
const char *sqlite3_recover_errmsg(sqlite3_recover*);

/*
** If this function is called on an sqlite3_recover handle after
** an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3_recover_errcode(sqlite3_recover*);

/* 
** Clean up a recovery object created by a call to sqlite3_recover_init().
** The results of using a recovery object with any API after it has been
** passed to this function are undefined.
**
** This function returns the same value as sqlite3_recover_errcode().
*/
int sqlite3_recover_finish(sqlite3_recover*);


#ifdef __cplusplus
}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
#endif

#endif /* ifndef _SQLITE_RECOVER_H */

/************************* End ../ext/recover/sqlite3recover.h ********************/
# ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_SQLITE3R
/************************* Begin ../ext/recover/dbdata.c ******************/
/*
** 2019-04-17
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**

  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
  return sqlite3DbdataRegister(db);
}

#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/************************* End ../ext/recover/dbdata.c ********************/




























































































































































































































































/************************* Begin ../ext/recover/sqlite3recover.c ******************/
/*
** 2022-08-27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**

  for(pTab=p->pTblList; pTab; pTab=pNext){
    pNext = pTab->pNext;
    sqlite3_free(pTab);
  }
  p->pTblList = 0;
  sqlite3_finalize(p->pGetPage);
  p->pGetPage = 0;
  sqlite3_file_control(p->dbIn, p->zDb, SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE, 0);

  {
#ifndef NDEBUG
    int res = 
#endif
       sqlite3_close(p->dbOut);
    assert( res==SQLITE_OK );

      **   + Size of db in pages (32-bits at offset 28)
      **   + Database encoding (32-bits at offset 56)
      **
      ** Also preserved are:
      **
      **   + first freelist page (32-bits at offset 32)
      **   + size of freelist (32-bits at offset 36)
      **   + the wal-mode flags (16-bits at offset 18)
      **
      ** We also try to preserve the auto-vacuum, incr-value, user-version
      ** and application-id fields - all 32 bit quantities at offsets 
      ** 52, 60, 64 and 68. All other fields are set to known good values.
      **
      ** Byte offset 105 should also contain the page-size as a 16-bit 
      ** integer.

      p->pPage1Disk = 0;

      p->pgsz = nByte;
      p->pPage1Cache = (u8*)recoverMalloc(p, nByte*2);
      if( p->pPage1Cache ){
        p->pPage1Disk = &p->pPage1Cache[nByte];
        memcpy(p->pPage1Disk, aBuf, nByte);
        aHdr[18] = a[18];
        aHdr[19] = a[19];
        recoverPutU32(&aHdr[28], dbsz);
        recoverPutU32(&aHdr[56], enc);
        recoverPutU16(&aHdr[105], pgsz-nReserve);
        if( pgsz==65536 ) pgsz = 1;
        recoverPutU16(&aHdr[16], pgsz);
        aHdr[20] = nReserve;
        for(ii=0; ii<sizeof(aPreserve)/sizeof(aPreserve[0]); ii++){

      recoverInstallWrapper(p);

      /* Open the output database. And register required virtual tables and 
      ** user functions with the new handle. */
      recoverOpenOutput(p);

      /* Open transactions on both the input and output databases. */
      sqlite3_file_control(p->dbIn, p->zDb, SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE, 0);
      recoverExec(p, p->dbIn, "PRAGMA writable_schema = on");
      recoverExec(p, p->dbIn, "BEGIN");
      if( p->errCode==SQLITE_OK ) p->bCloseTransaction = 1;
      recoverExec(p, p->dbIn, "SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_schema");
      recoverTransferSettings(p);
      recoverOpenRecovery(p);
      recoverCacheSchema(p);

  }
  return rc;
}

#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/************************* End ../ext/recover/sqlite3recover.c ********************/
# endif
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_EXTSRC
# include SHELL_STRINGIFY(SQLITE_SHELL_EXTSRC)
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
/*
** State information for a single open session
*/
typedef struct OpenSession OpenSession;

    "fts3_tokenizer",
    "load_extension",
    "readfile",
    "writefile",
    "zipfile",
    "zipfile_cds",
  };
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zA1);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zA3);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zA4);
  switch( op ){
    case SQLITE_ATTACH: {
#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
      /* In WASM builds the filesystem is a virtual sandbox, so
      ** there's no harm in using ATTACH. */
      failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run ATTACH in safe mode");
#endif
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_FUNCTION: {
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azProhibitedFunctions); i++){
        if( sqlite3_stricmp(zA2, azProhibitedFunctions[i])==0 ){
          failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot use the %s() function in safe mode",
                         azProhibitedFunctions[i]);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
  }

          zDbFilename, sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
      if( openFlags & OPEN_DB_KEEPALIVE ){
        sqlite3_open(":memory:", &p->db);
        return;
      }
      exit(1);
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
    sqlite3_enable_load_extension(p->db, 1);
#endif
    sqlite3_shathree_init(p->db, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_uint_init(p->db, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_decimal_init(p->db, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_regexp_init(p->db, 0, 0);

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
    if( !p->bSafeModePersist ){
      sqlite3_zipfile_init(p->db, 0, 0);
      sqlite3_sqlar_init(p->db, 0, 0);
    }
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_EXTFUNCS
    /* Create a preprocessing mechanism for extensions to make
     * their own provisions for being built into the shell.
     * This is a short-span macro. See further below for usage.
     */
#define SHELL_SUB_MACRO(base, variant) base ## _ ## variant
#define SHELL_SUBMACRO(base, variant) SHELL_SUB_MACRO(base, variant)
    /* Let custom-included extensions get their ..._init() called.
     * The WHATEVER_INIT( db, pzErrorMsg, pApi ) macro should cause
     * the extension's sqlite3_*_init( db, pzErrorMsg, pApi )
     * inititialization routine to be called.
     */
    {
      int irc = SHELL_SUBMACRO(SQLITE_SHELL_EXTFUNCS, INIT)(p->db);
    /* Let custom-included extensions expose their functionality.
     * The WHATEVER_EXPOSE( db, pzErrorMsg ) macro should cause
     * the SQL functions, virtual tables, collating sequences or
     * VFS's implemented by the extension to be registered.
     */
      if( irc==SQLITE_OK
          || irc==SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY ){
        SHELL_SUBMACRO(SQLITE_SHELL_EXTFUNCS, EXPOSE)(p->db, 0);
      }
#undef SHELL_SUB_MACRO
#undef SHELL_SUBMACRO
    }
#endif

    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_add_schema", 3, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            shellAddSchemaName, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_module_schema", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            shellModuleSchema, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_putsnl", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, p,
                            shellPutsFunc, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_escape_crnl", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            shellEscapeCrnl, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_int32", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            shellInt32, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_idquote", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            shellIdQuote, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "usleep",1,SQLITE_UTF8,0,
                            shellUSleepFunc, 0, 0);
#ifndef SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            editFunc, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
                            editFunc, 0, 0);
#endif

    if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE ){
      char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
         "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE zip USING zipfile(%Q);", zDbFilename);
      shell_check_oom(zSql);
      sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }

        else {
          raw_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".trace\"\n", z);
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }else{
        output_file_close(p->traceOut);
        p->traceOut = output_file_open(z, 0);
      }
    }
    if( p->traceOut==0 ){
      sqlite3_trace_v2(p->db, 0, 0, 0);
    }else{
      if( mType==0 ) mType = SQLITE_TRACE_STMT;
      sqlite3_trace_v2(p->db, mType, sql_trace_callback, p);

    zLine += 2; /* SQL Server */
  else
    return 0;
  return quickscan(zLine, QSS_Start)==QSS_Start;
}

/*
** The CLI needs a working sqlite3_complete() to work properly.  So error
** out of the build if compiling with SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE.


*/
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE

# error the CLI application is imcompatable with SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE.
#endif

/*
** Return true if zSql is a complete SQL statement.  Return false if it
** ends in the middle of a string literal or C-style comment.
*/
static int line_is_complete(char *zSql, int nSql){

    char *z = malloc( n );
    if( z ) memcpy(z, home_dir, n);
    home_dir = z;
  }

  return home_dir;
}

/*
** On non-Windows platforms, look for $XDG_CONFIG_HOME.
** If ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/sqlite3/sqliterc is found, return
** the path to it, else return 0. The result is cached for
** subsequent calls.
*/
static const char *find_xdg_config(void){
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32_WCE) \
     || defined(__RTP__) || defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
  return 0;
#else
  static int alreadyTried = 0;
  static char *zConfig = 0;
  const char *zXdgHome;

  if( alreadyTried!=0 ){
    return zConfig;
  }
  alreadyTried = 1;
  zXdgHome = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
  if( zXdgHome==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  zConfig = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/sqlite3/sqliterc", zXdgHome);
  shell_check_oom(zConfig);
  if( access(zConfig,0)!=0 ){
    sqlite3_free(zConfig);
    zConfig = 0;
  }
  return zConfig;
#endif
}

/*
** Read input from the file given by sqliterc_override.  Or if that
** parameter is NULL, take input from the first of find_xdg_config()
** or ~/.sqliterc which is found.
**
** Returns the number of errors.
*/
static void process_sqliterc(
  ShellState *p,                  /* Configuration data */
  const char *sqliterc_override   /* Name of config file. NULL to use default */
){
  char *home_dir = NULL;
  const char *sqliterc = sqliterc_override;
  char *zBuf = 0;
  FILE *inSaved = p->in;
  int savedLineno = p->lineno;

  if( sqliterc == NULL ){
    sqliterc = find_xdg_config();
  }
  if( sqliterc == NULL ){
    home_dir = find_home_dir(0);
    if( home_dir==0 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "-- warning: cannot find home directory;"
                      " cannot read ~/.sqliterc\n");
      return;
    }
    zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/.sqliterc",home_dir);

#endif

  if( zVfs ){
    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zVfs);
    if( pVfs ){
      sqlite3_vfs_register(pVfs, 1);
    }else{
      utf8_printf(stderr, "no such VFS: \"%s\"\n", zVfs);
      exit(1);
    }
  }

  if( data.pAuxDb->zDbFilename==0 ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
    data.pAuxDb->zDbFilename = ":memory:";

/******************************************************************************
** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
** version 3.41.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
** of 5% or more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
** translation unit.
**
** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.41.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3041000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2022-12-05 02:52:37 1b779afa3ed2f35a110e460fc6ed13cba744db85b9924149ab028b100d1e1e12"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
** </ul>
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE]]
** If there is currently no transaction open on the database, and the
** database is not a temp db, then this file-control purges the contents
** of the in-memory page cache. If there is an open transaction, or if
** the db is a temp-db, it is a no-op, not an error.
** </ul>
*/
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5

#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42

/* deprecated names */
#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO

** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**










** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Report the internal text encoding state of an sqlite3_value object
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current text encoding
** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
** [sqlite3_value_text(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16be(X)],
** [sqlite3_value_text16le(X)], [sqlite3_value_bytes(X)], or
** [sqlite3_value_bytes16(X)] might change the encoding of the value X and
** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
**
** This routine is intended for used by applications that test and validate
** the SQLite implementation.  This routine is inquiring about the opaque
** internal state of an [sqlite3_value] object.  Ordinary applications should
** not need to know what the internal state of an sqlite3_value object is and
** hence should not need to use this interface.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for

#if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3TreeTrace;
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
    && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE) \
                             || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_TREETRACE))
# define TREETRACE_ENABLED 1
# define TREETRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
  if(sqlite3TreeTrace&(K))   \
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define TREETRACE(K,P,S,X)
# define TREETRACE_ENABLED 0
#endif

/* TREETRACE flag meanings:
**
**   0x00000001     Beginning and end of SELECT processing
**   0x00000002     WHERE clause processing
**   0x00000004     Query flattener
**   0x00000008     Result-set wildcard expansion
**   0x00000010     Query name resolution
**   0x00000020     Aggregate analysis
**   0x00000040     Window functions
**   0x00000080     Generated column names
**   0x00000100     Move HAVING terms into WHERE
**   0x00000200     Count-of-view optimization
**   0x00000400     Compound SELECT processing
**   0x00000800     Drop superfluous ORDER BY
**   0x00001000     LEFT JOIN simplifies to JOIN
**   0x00002000     Constant propagation
**   0x00004000     Push-down optimization
**   0x00008000     After all FROM-clause analysis
**   0x00010000     Beginning of DELETE/INSERT/UPDATE processing
**   0x00020000     Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY
**   0x00040000     SELECT tree dump after all code has been generated
*/

/*
** Macros for "wheretrace"
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
    && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
# define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
#else
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)
#endif

/*
** Bits for the sqlite3WhereTrace mask:
**
** (---any--)   Top-level block structure
** 0x-------F   High-level debug messages
** 0x----FFF-   More detail
** 0xFFFF----   Low-level debug messages
**
** 0x00000001   Code generation
** 0x00000002   Solver
** 0x00000004   Solver costs
** 0x00000008   WhereLoop inserts
**
** 0x00000010   Display sqlite3_index_info xBestIndex calls
** 0x00000020   Range an equality scan metrics
** 0x00000040   IN operator decisions
** 0x00000080   WhereLoop cost adjustements
** 0x00000100
** 0x00000200   Covering index decisions
** 0x00000400   OR optimization
** 0x00000800   Index scanner
** 0x00001000   More details associated with code generation
** 0x00002000
** 0x00004000   Show all WHERE terms at key points
** 0x00008000   Show the full SELECT statement at key places
**
** 0x00010000   Show more detail when printing WHERE terms
** 0x00020000   Show WHERE terms returned from whereScanNext()
*/


/*
** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
** callback for a given sqlite handle.
**
** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy

#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(Btree*, int, int *, int *);
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTransferRow(BtCursor*, BtCursor*, i64);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeClearCache(Btree*);

/*
** If we are not using shared cache, then there is no need to
** use mutexes to access the BtShared structures.  So make the
** Enter and Leave procedures no-ops.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE

** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
*/
struct AggInfo {
  u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
                          ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
  u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
                          ** than the source table */
  u16 nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
  int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
  int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */

  int iFirstReg;          /* First register in range for aCol[] and aFunc[] */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
  struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
    Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
    Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
    int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */

    i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
    i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
  } *aCol;
  int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
  int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
                          ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
                          ** aggregate functions */
  struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
    Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
    FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */

    int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
    int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
  } *aFunc;
  int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
  u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
};

/*
** Macros to compute aCol[] and aFunc[] register numbers.
**
** These macros should not be used prior to the call to
** assignAggregateRegisters() that computes the value of pAggInfo->iFirstReg.
** The assert()s that are part of this macro verify that constraint.
*/
#define AggInfoColumnReg(A,I)  (assert((A)->iFirstReg),(A)->iFirstReg+(I))
#define AggInfoFuncReg(A,I)    \
                      (assert((A)->iFirstReg),(A)->iFirstReg+(A)->nColumn+(I))

/*
** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want

  int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
  int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
                       ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
  int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
  int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
  int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
  ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
  IndexedExpr *pIdxEpr;/* List of expressions used by active indexes */
  Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
  yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
  yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
  int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
  int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */

#if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsMemdb(const sqlite3_vfs*);
#else
# define sqlite3IsMemdb(X) 0
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
#endif

#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KvvfsInit(void);
#endif

#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE)
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void);
#endif

#endif /* SQLITEINT_H */

/************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
/************** Begin file os_common.h ***************************************/
/*
** 2004 May 22

/*
** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
** on i486 hardware.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
































































































static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
#else
#define TIMER_START

**
** This is not a limit on the total amount of memory used.  This is
** a limit on the size parameter to sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc().
**
** The upper bound is slightly less than 2GiB:  0x7ffffeff == 2,147,483,391
** This provides a 256-byte safety margin for defense against 32-bit
** signed integer overflow bugs when computing memory allocation sizes.
** Paranoid applications might want to reduce the maximum allocation size
** further for an even larger safety margin.  0x3fffffff or 0x0fffffff
** or even smaller would be reasonable upper bounds on the size of a memory
** allocations for most applications.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE
# define SQLITE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE  2147483391
#endif

/*
** The text between zStart and zEnd represents a phrase within a larger
** SQL statement.  Make a copy of this phrase in space obtained form
** sqlite3DbMalloc().  Omit leading and trailing whitespace.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
  int n;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Because of the way the parser works, the span is guaranteed to contain
  ** at least one non-space character */
  for(n=0; sqlite3Isspace(zStart[n]); n++){ assert( &zStart[n]<zEnd ); }
#endif
  while( sqlite3Isspace(zStart[0]) ) zStart++;
  n = (int)(zEnd - zStart);
  while( sqlite3Isspace(zStart[n-1]) ) n--;
  return sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zStart, n);
}

/*
** Free any prior content in *pz and replace it with a copy of zNew.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, sqlite3 *db, const char *zNew){

  char zFlgs[200];
  sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, moreToFollow);
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "nil");
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
    return;
  }
  if( pExpr->flags || pExpr->affExpr || pExpr->vvaFlags || pExpr->pAggInfo ){
    StrAccum x;
    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zFlgs, sizeof(zFlgs), 0);
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " fg.af=%x.%c",
      pExpr->flags, pExpr->affExpr ? pExpr->affExpr : 'n');
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " outer.iJoin=%d", pExpr->w.iJoin);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_InnerON) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " inner.iJoin=%d", pExpr->w.iJoin);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
    }
    if( ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_Immutable) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " IMMUTABLE");
    }
    if( pExpr->pAggInfo!=0 ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " agg-column[%d]", pExpr->iAgg);
    }
    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
  }else{
    zFlgs[0] = 0;
  }
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG{%d:%d}%s",

    const char *z = (const char*)&pIn[i+2];
    if( strncmp(z,zName,nName)==0 && z[nName]==0 ) return pIn[i];
    i += pIn[i+1];
  }while( i<mx );
  return 0;
}

/*
** High-resolution hardware timer used for debugging and testing only.
*/
#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE)
/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of util.c *********************/
/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
/*
** 2008 May 27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
#define SQLITE_HWTIME_H

/*
** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
** profiling.
*/
#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))

  #if defined(__GNUC__)

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)

  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     __asm {
        rdtsc
        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
     }
  }

  #endif

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
      unsigned long val;
      __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
      return val;
  }

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
      unsigned long long retval;
      unsigned long junk;
      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
                  mftb    %L0\n\
                  mftbu   %0\n\
                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
                  bne     1b"
                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
      return retval;
  }

#else

  /*
  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
  **
  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
  ** should not be a great loss.
  */
SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }

#endif

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_HWTIME_H) */

/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in util.c ***********************/
#endif

/************** End of util.c ************************************************/
/************** Begin file hash.c ********************************************/
/*
** 2001 September 22
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

  sqlite3_file base;              /* IO methods */
  const char *zClass;             /* Storage class */
  int isJournal;                  /* True if this is a journal file */
  unsigned int nJrnl;             /* Space allocated for aJrnl[] */
  char *aJrnl;                    /* Journal content */
  int szPage;                     /* Last known page size */
  sqlite3_int64 szDb;             /* Database file size.  -1 means unknown */
  char *aData;                    /* Buffer to hold page data */
};
#define SQLITE_KVOS_SZ 133073

/*
** Methods for KVVfsFile
*/
static int kvvfsClose(sqlite3_file*);
static int kvvfsReadDb(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
static int kvvfsReadJrnl(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);

*/
static int kvvfsClose(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;

  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xClose %s %s\n", pFile->zClass,
             pFile->isJournal ? "journal" : "db"));
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aJrnl);
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aData);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Read from the -journal file.
*/
static int kvvfsReadJrnl(

  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  unsigned int pgno;
  int got, n;
  char zKey[30];
  char *aData = pFile->aData;
  assert( iOfst>=0 );
  assert( iAmt>=0 );
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xRead('%s-db',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  if( iOfst+iAmt>=512 ){
    if( (iOfst % iAmt)!=0 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
    }
    if( (iAmt & (iAmt-1))!=0 || iAmt<512 || iAmt>65536 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
    }
    pFile->szPage = iAmt;
    pgno = 1 + iOfst/iAmt;
  }else{
    pgno = 1;
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);
  got = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead(pFile->zClass, zKey,
                                  aData, SQLITE_KVOS_SZ-1);
  if( got<0 ){
    n = 0;
  }else{
    aData[got] = 0;
    if( iOfst+iAmt<512 ){
      int k = iOfst+iAmt;
      aData[k*2] = 0;
      n = kvvfsDecode(aData, &aData[2000], SQLITE_KVOS_SZ-2000);
      if( n>=iOfst+iAmt ){
        memcpy(zBuf, &aData[2000+iOfst], iAmt);
        n = iAmt;
      }else{
        n = 0;
      }
    }else{

  const void *zBuf,
  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  unsigned int pgno;
  char zKey[30];
  char *aData = pFile->aData;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xWrite('%s-db',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  assert( iAmt>=512 && iAmt<=65536 );
  assert( (iAmt & (iAmt-1))==0 );
  assert( pFile->szPage<0 || pFile->szPage==iAmt );
  pFile->szPage = iAmt;
  pgno = 1 + iOfst/iAmt;
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);

  }else{
    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
  }
  if( zName[0]=='s' ){
    pFile->zClass = "session";
  }else{
    pFile->zClass = "local";
  }
  pFile->aData = sqlite3_malloc64(SQLITE_KVOS_SZ);
  if( pFile->aData==0 ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  pFile->aJrnl = 0;
  pFile->nJrnl = 0;
  pFile->szPage = -1;
  pFile->szDb = -1;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

** The argument is the number of microseconds we want to sleep.
** The return value is the number of microseconds of sleep actually
** requested from the underlying operating system, a number which
** might be greater than or equal to the argument, but not less
** than the argument.
*/
static int unixSleep(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int microseconds){
#if OS_VXWORKS || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L
  struct timespec sp;

  sp.tv_sec = microseconds / 1000000;
  sp.tv_nsec = (microseconds % 1000000) * 1000;
  nanosleep(&sp, NULL);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  return microseconds;

  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
  if( pData && (mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE)!=0 ){
    sqlite3_free(pData);
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Return true if the VFS is the memvfs.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsMemdb(const sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
  return pVfs==&memdb_vfs;
}

/*
** This routine is called when the extension is loaded.
** Register the new VFS.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void){
  sqlite3_vfs *pLower = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);

** participate in shared-cache.
**
** The return value to this routine is always safe to use with
** sqlite3_uri_parameter() and sqlite3_filename_database() and friends.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(const Pager *pPager, int nullIfMemDb){
  static const char zFake[8] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
  if( nullIfMemDb && (pPager->memDb || sqlite3IsMemdb(pPager->pVfs)) ){
    return &zFake[4];
  }else{
    return pPager->zFilename;
  }
}

/*
** Return the VFS structure for the pager.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager *pPager){
  return pPager->pVfs;

** The ISAUTOVACUUM macro is used within balance_nonroot() to determine
** if the database supports auto-vacuum or not. Because it is used
** within an expression that is an argument to another macro
** (sqliteMallocRaw), it is not possible to use conditional compilation.
** So, this macro is defined instead.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
#define ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) (pBt->autoVacuum)
#else
#define ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) 0
#endif


/*
** This structure is passed around through all the sanity checking routines
** in order to keep track of some global state information.
**

/*
** Decode the flags byte (the first byte of the header) for a page
** and initialize fields of the MemPage structure accordingly.
**
** Only the following combinations are supported.  Anything different
** indicates a corrupt database files:
**
**         PTF_ZERODATA                             (0x02,  2)
**         PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY                (0x05,  5)
**         PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF                  (0x0a, 10)
**         PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY | PTF_LEAF     (0x0d, 13)

*/
static int decodeFlags(MemPage *pPage, int flagByte){
  BtShared *pBt;     /* A copy of pPage->pBt */

  assert( pPage->hdrOffset==(pPage->pgno==1 ? 100 : 0) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  pBt = pPage->pBt;
  pPage->max1bytePayload = pBt->max1bytePayload;
  if( flagByte>=(PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF) ){
    pPage->childPtrSize = 0;
    pPage->leaf = 1;
    if( flagByte==(PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY | PTF_LEAF) ){

      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 1;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtrTableLeaf;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtr;
      pPage->intKey = 1;
      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLeaf;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLeaf;
    }else if( flagByte==(PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF) ){
      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLocal;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLocal;
    }else{
      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
    }
  }else{
    pPage->childPtrSize = 4;
    pPage->leaf = 0;
    if( flagByte==(PTF_ZERODATA) ){
      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLocal;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLocal;
    }else if( flagByte==(PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY) ){
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtrNoPayload;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrNoPayload;











      pPage->intKey = 1;


      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLeaf;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLeaf;
    }else{


      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
    }

  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Compute the amount of freespace on the page.  In other words, fill
** in the pPage->nFree field.
*/

  return rc;
}

/* Move the cursor to the last entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
  int rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
    *pRes = 0;
    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
    }else{
      pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
    }
  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
    *pRes = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }
  return rc;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );

  /* If the cursor already points to the last entry, this is a no-op. */
  if( CURSOR_VALID==pCur->eState && (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_AtLast)!=0 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point
    ** to the last entry in the b-tree. */
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
      assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
    }
    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 || CORRUPT_DB );
    testcase( pCur->ix!=pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
    /* ^-- dbsqlfuzz b92b72e4de80b5140c30ab71372ca719b8feb618 */
    assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
#endif
    *pRes = 0;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
















  return btreeLast(pCur, pRes);
}

/* Move the cursor so that it points to an entry in a table (a.k.a INTKEY)
** table near the key intKey.   Return a success code.
**
** If an exact match is not found, then the cursor is always
** left pointing at a leaf page which would hold the entry if it

    }
    memset(pPage->aData, 0, pPage->pBt->pageSize);
  }

  /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, write an entry in the pointer-map
  ** to indicate that the page is free.
  */
  if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
    ptrmapPut(pBt, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, &rc);
    if( rc ) goto freepage_out;
  }

  /* Now manipulate the actual database free-list structure. There are two
  ** possibilities. If the free-list is currently empty, or if the first
  ** trunk page in the free-list is full, then this page will become a

** If the cell content will fit on the page, then put it there.  If it
** will not fit, then make a copy of the cell content into pTemp if
** pTemp is not null.  Regardless of pTemp, allocate a new entry
** in pPage->apOvfl[] and make it point to the cell content (either
** in pTemp or the original pCell) and also record its index.
** Allocating a new entry in pPage->aCell[] implies that
** pPage->nOverflow is incremented.


*/
static int insertCell(
  MemPage *pPage,   /* Page into which we are copying */
  int i,            /* New cell becomes the i-th cell of the page */
  u8 *pCell,        /* Content of the new cell */
  int sz,           /* Bytes of content in pCell */
  u8 *pTemp,        /* Temp storage space for pCell, if needed */
  Pgno iChild       /* If non-zero, replace first 4 bytes with this value */

){
  int idx = 0;      /* Where to write new cell content in data[] */
  int j;            /* Loop counter */
  u8 *data;         /* The content of the whole page */
  u8 *pIns;         /* The point in pPage->aCellIdx[] where no cell inserted */


  assert( i>=0 && i<=pPage->nCell+pPage->nOverflow );
  assert( MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=10921 );
  assert( pPage->nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pPage->nOverflow<=ArraySize(pPage->apOvfl) );
  assert( ArraySize(pPage->apOvfl)==ArraySize(pPage->aiOvfl) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( sz==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, pCell) || CORRUPT_DB );

    ** balancing, and the dividers are adjacent and sorted.
    */
    assert( j==0 || pPage->aiOvfl[j-1]<(u16)i ); /* Overflows in sorted order */
    assert( j==0 || i==pPage->aiOvfl[j-1]+1 );   /* Overflows are sequential */
  }else{
    int rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){

      return rc;
    }
    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
    data = pPage->aData;
    assert( &data[pPage->cellOffset]==pPage->aCellIdx );
    rc = allocateSpace(pPage, sz, &idx);
    if( rc ){ return rc; }
    /* The allocateSpace() routine guarantees the following properties
    ** if it returns successfully */
    assert( idx >= 0 );
    assert( idx >= pPage->cellOffset+2*pPage->nCell+2 || CORRUPT_DB );
    assert( idx+sz <= (int)pPage->pBt->usableSize );
    pPage->nFree -= (u16)(2 + sz);
    if( iChild ){

    put2byte(pIns, idx);
    pPage->nCell++;
    /* increment the cell count */
    if( (++data[pPage->hdrOffset+4])==0 ) data[pPage->hdrOffset+3]++;
    assert( get2byte(&data[pPage->hdrOffset+3])==pPage->nCell || CORRUPT_DB );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
    if( pPage->pBt->autoVacuum ){
      int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;
      /* The cell may contain a pointer to an overflow page. If so, write
      ** the entry for the overflow page into the pointer map.
      */
      ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pPage, pCell, &rc2);
      if( rc2 ) return rc2;
    }
#endif
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** The following parameters determine how many adjacent pages get involved
** in a balancing operation.  NN is the number of neighbors on either side
** of the page that participate in the balancing operation.  NB is the
** total number of pages that participate, including the target page and

};

/*
** Make sure the cell sizes at idx, idx+1, ..., idx+N-1 have been
** computed.
*/
static void populateCellCache(CellArray *p, int idx, int N){
  MemPage *pRef = p->pRef;
  u16 *szCell = p->szCell;
  assert( idx>=0 && idx+N<=p->nCell );
  while( N>0 ){
    assert( p->apCell[idx]!=0 );
    if( szCell[idx]==0 ){
      szCell[idx] = pRef->xCellSize(pRef, p->apCell[idx]);
    }else{
      assert( CORRUPT_DB ||
              szCell[idx]==pRef->xCellSize(pRef, p->apCell[idx]) );
    }
    idx++;
    N--;
  }
}

/*

){
  u8 * const aData = pPg->aData;
  u8 * const pEnd = &aData[pPg->pBt->usableSize];
  u8 * const pStart = &aData[pPg->hdrOffset + 8 + pPg->childPtrSize];
  int nRet = 0;
  int i;
  int iEnd = iFirst + nCell;
  u8 *pFree = 0;                  /* \__ Parameters for pending call to */
  int szFree = 0;                 /* /   freeSpace()                    */

  for(i=iFirst; i<iEnd; i++){
    u8 *pCell = pCArray->apCell[i];
    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(pCell, pStart, pEnd) ){
      int sz;
      /* No need to use cachedCellSize() here.  The sizes of all cells that
      ** are to be freed have already been computing while deciding which
      ** cells need freeing */
      sz = pCArray->szCell[i];  assert( sz>0 );
      if( pFree!=(pCell + sz) ){
        if( pFree ){
          assert( pFree>aData && (pFree - aData)<65536 );
          freeSpace(pPg, (u16)(pFree - aData), szFree);
        }
        pFree = pCell;
        szFree = sz;
        if( pFree+sz>pEnd ){
          return 0;
        }
      }else{
        /* The current cell is adjacent to and before the pFree cell.
        ** Combine the two regions into one to reduce the number of calls
        ** to freeSpace(). */
        pFree = pCell;
        szFree += sz;
      }
      nRet++;
    }
  }
  if( pFree ){

    ** cell on the page to an overflow page. If either of these
    ** operations fails, the return code is set, but the contents
    ** of the parent page are still manipulated by thh code below.
    ** That is Ok, at this point the parent page is guaranteed to
    ** be marked as dirty. Returning an error code will cause a
    ** rollback, undoing any changes made to the parent page.
    */
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
      ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoNew, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
      if( szCell>pNew->minLocal ){
        ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pNew, pCell, &rc);
      }
    }

    /* Create a divider cell to insert into pParent. The divider cell

    pStop = &pCell[9];
    while( (*(pCell++)&0x80) && pCell<pStop );
    pStop = &pCell[9];
    while( ((*(pOut++) = *(pCell++))&0x80) && pCell<pStop );

    /* Insert the new divider cell into pParent. */
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = insertCell(pParent, pParent->nCell, pSpace, (int)(pOut-pSpace),
                      0, pPage->pgno);
    }

    /* Set the right-child pointer of pParent to point to the new page. */
    put4byte(&pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8], pgnoNew);

    /* Release the reference to the new page. */
    releasePage(pNew);

      *pRC = rc;
      return;
    }

    /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer-map entries
    ** for any b-tree or overflow pages that pTo now contains the pointers to.
    */
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
      *pRC = setChildPtrmaps(pTo);
    }
  }
}

/*
** This routine redistributes cells on the iParentIdx'th child of pParent

    int r;              /* Index of right-most cell in left sibling */
    int d;              /* Index of first cell to the left of right sibling */

    r = cntNew[i-1] - 1;
    d = r + 1 - leafData;
    (void)cachedCellSize(&b, d);
    do{
      int szR, szD;
      assert( d<nMaxCells );
      assert( r<nMaxCells );
      szR = cachedCellSize(&b, r);
      szD = b.szCell[d];
      if( szRight!=0
       && (bBulk || szRight+szD+2 > szLeft-(szR+(i==k-1?0:2)))){
        break;
      }
      szRight += szD + 2;
      szLeft -= szR + 2;
      cntNew[i-1] = r;
      r--;
      d--;
    }while( r>=0 );
    szNew[i] = szRight;
    szNew[i-1] = szLeft;
    if( cntNew[i-1] <= (i>1 ? cntNew[i-2] : 0) ){

      if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
      zeroPage(pNew, pageFlags);
      apNew[i] = pNew;
      nNew++;
      cntOld[i] = b.nCell;

      /* Set the pointer-map entry for the new sibling page. */
      if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
        ptrmapPut(pBt, pNew->pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto balance_cleanup;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  **      with the cell.
  **
  ** If the sibling pages are not leaves, then the pointer map entry
  ** associated with the right-child of each sibling may also need to be
  ** updated. This happens below, after the sibling pages have been
  ** populated, not here.
  */
  if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
    MemPage *pOld;
    MemPage *pNew = pOld = apNew[0];
    int cntOldNext = pNew->nCell + pNew->nOverflow;
    int iNew = 0;
    int iOld = 0;

    for(i=0; i<b.nCell; i++){

    assert( iOvflSpace <= (int)pBt->pageSize );
    for(k=0; b.ixNx[k]<=j && ALWAYS(k<NB*2); k++){}
    pSrcEnd = b.apEnd[k];
    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(pSrcEnd, pCell, pCell+sz) ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      goto balance_cleanup;
    }
    rc = insertCell(pParent, nxDiv+i, pCell, sz, pTemp, pNew->pgno);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto balance_cleanup;
    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
  }

  /* Now update the actual sibling pages. The order in which they are updated
  ** is important, as this code needs to avoid disrupting any page from which
  ** cells may still to be read. In practice, this means:

    assert( apNew[0]->nFree ==
        (get2byteNotZero(&apNew[0]->aData[5]) - apNew[0]->cellOffset
          - apNew[0]->nCell*2)
      || rc!=SQLITE_OK
    );
    copyNodeContent(apNew[0], pParent, &rc);
    freePage(apNew[0], &rc);
  }else if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) && !leafCorrection ){
    /* Fix the pointer map entries associated with the right-child of each
    ** sibling page. All other pointer map entries have already been taken
    ** care of.  */
    for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
      u32 key = get4byte(&apNew[i]->aData[8]);
      ptrmapPut(pBt, key, PTRMAP_BTREE, apNew[i]->pgno, &rc);
    }
  }

  assert( pParent->isInit );
  TRACE(("BALANCE: finished: old=%d new=%d cells=%d\n",
          nOld, nNew, b.nCell));

  /* Free any old pages that were not reused as new pages.
  */
  for(i=nNew; i<nOld; i++){
    freePage(apOld[i], &rc);
  }

#if 0
  if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) && rc==SQLITE_OK && apNew[0]->isInit ){
    /* The ptrmapCheckPages() contains assert() statements that verify that
    ** all pointer map pages are set correctly. This is helpful while
    ** debugging. This is usually disabled because a corrupt database may
    ** cause an assert() statement to fail.  */
    ptrmapCheckPages(apNew, nNew);
    ptrmapCheckPages(&pParent, 1);
  }

  ** page that will become the new right-child of pPage. Copy the contents
  ** of the node stored on pRoot into the new child page.
  */
  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pRoot->pDbPage);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt,&pChild,&pgnoChild,pRoot->pgno,0);
    copyNodeContent(pRoot, pChild, &rc);
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
      ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoChild, PTRMAP_BTREE, pRoot->pgno, &rc);
    }
  }
  if( rc ){
    *ppChild = 0;
    releasePage(pChild);
    return rc;

){
  int rc;
  int loc = seekResult;          /* -1: before desired location  +1: after */
  int szNew = 0;
  int idx;
  MemPage *pPage;
  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;

  unsigned char *oldCell;
  unsigned char *newCell = 0;

  assert( (flags & (BTREE_SAVEPOSITION|BTREE_APPEND|BTREE_PREFORMAT))==flags );
  assert( (flags & BTREE_PREFORMAT)==0 || seekResult || pCur->pKeyInfo==0 );

  /* Save the positions of any other cursors open on this table.
  **
  ** In some cases, the call to btreeMoveto() below is a no-op. For
  ** example, when inserting data into a table with auto-generated integer
  ** keys, the VDBE layer invokes sqlite3BtreeLast() to figure out the
  ** integer key to use. It then calls this function to actually insert the
  ** data into the intkey B-Tree. In this case btreeMoveto() recognizes
  ** that the cursor is already where it needs to be and returns without
  ** doing any work. To avoid thwarting these optimizations, it is important
  ** not to clear the cursor here.
  */
  if( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_Multiple ){
    rc = saveAllCursors(p->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur);
    if( rc ) return rc;
    if( loc && pCur->iPage<0 ){
      /* This can only happen if the schema is corrupt such that there is more
      ** than one table or index with the same root page as used by the cursor.
      ** Which can only happen if the SQLITE_NoSchemaError flag was set when
      ** the schema was loaded. This cannot be asserted though, as a user might
      ** set the flag, load the schema, and then unset the flag.  */

    testcase( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT );
    rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
    if( rc && rc!=SQLITE_EMPTY ) return rc;
  }

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)!=0
              && p->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE
              && (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0 );
  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );

  /* Assert that the caller has been consistent. If this cursor was opened
  ** expecting an index b-tree, then the caller should be inserting blob
  ** keys with no associated data. If the cursor was opened expecting an
  ** intkey table, the caller should be inserting integer keys with a
  ** blob of associated data.  */

    if( rc ) return rc;
  }

  TRACE(("INSERT: table=%d nkey=%lld ndata=%d page=%d %s\n",
          pCur->pgnoRoot, pX->nKey, pX->nData, pPage->pgno,
          loc==0 ? "overwrite" : "new entry"));
  assert( pPage->isInit || CORRUPT_DB );
  newCell = p->pBt->pTmpSpace;
  assert( newCell!=0 );
  assert( BTREE_PREFORMAT==OPFLAG_PREFORMAT );
  if( flags & BTREE_PREFORMAT ){
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
    szNew = p->pBt->nPreformatSize;
    if( szNew<4 ) szNew = 4;
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(p->pBt) && szNew>pPage->maxLocal ){
      CellInfo info;
      pPage->xParseCell(pPage, newCell, &info);
      if( info.nPayload!=info.nLocal ){
        Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&newCell[szNew-4]);
        ptrmapPut(p->pBt, ovfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, pPage->pgno, &rc);
        if( NEVER(rc) ) goto end_insert;
      }
    }
  }else{
    rc = fillInCell(pPage, newCell, pX, &szNew);

    if( rc ) goto end_insert;
  }
  assert( szNew==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, newCell) );
  assert( szNew <= MX_CELL_SIZE(p->pBt) );
  idx = pCur->ix;
  if( loc==0 ){
    CellInfo info;
    assert( idx>=0 );
    if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }
    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
    if( rc ){
      goto end_insert;
    }
    oldCell = findCell(pPage, idx);
    if( !pPage->leaf ){
      memcpy(newCell, oldCell, 4);
    }
    BTREE_CLEAR_CELL(rc, pPage, oldCell, info);
    testcase( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl );
    invalidateOverflowCache(pCur);
    if( info.nSize==szNew && info.nLocal==info.nPayload
     && (!ISAUTOVACUUM(p->pBt) || szNew<pPage->minLocal)
    ){
      /* Overwrite the old cell with the new if they are the same size.
      ** We could also try to do this if the old cell is smaller, then add
      ** the leftover space to the free list.  But experiments show that
      ** doing that is no faster then skipping this optimization and just
      ** calling dropCell() and insertCell().
      **

  }else if( loc<0 && pPage->nCell>0 ){
    assert( pPage->leaf );
    idx = ++pCur->ix;
    pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_ValidNKey;
  }else{
    assert( pPage->leaf );
  }
  rc = insertCell(pPage, idx, newCell, szNew, 0, 0);
  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPage->nCell>0 || pPage->nOverflow>0 );

  /* If no error has occurred and pPage has an overflow cell, call balance()
  ** to redistribute the cells within the tree. Since balance() may move
  ** the cursor, zero the BtCursor.info.nSize and BTCF_ValidNKey
  ** variables.

** for the destination database. The size of the cell, in bytes, is left
** in BtShared.nPreformatSize. The caller completes the insertion by
** calling sqlite3BtreeInsert() with the BTREE_PREFORMAT flag specified.
**
** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTransferRow(BtCursor *pDest, BtCursor *pSrc, i64 iKey){

  BtShared *pBt = pDest->pBt;
  u8 *aOut = pBt->pTmpSpace;    /* Pointer to next output buffer */
  const u8 *aIn;                /* Pointer to next input buffer */
  u32 nIn;                      /* Size of input buffer aIn[] */
  u32 nRem;                     /* Bytes of data still to copy */

  getCellInfo(pSrc);

  if( aIn+nIn>pSrc->pPage->aDataEnd ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  nRem = pSrc->info.nPayload;
  if( nIn==nRem && nIn<pDest->pPage->maxLocal ){
    memcpy(aOut, aIn, nIn);
    pBt->nPreformatSize = nIn + (aOut - pBt->pTmpSpace);
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }else{
    int rc = SQLITE_OK;
    Pager *pSrcPager = pSrc->pBt->pPager;
    u8 *pPgnoOut = 0;
    Pgno ovflIn = 0;
    DbPage *pPageIn = 0;
    MemPage *pPageOut = 0;
    u32 nOut;                     /* Size of output buffer aOut[] */

      }while( rc==SQLITE_OK && nOut>0 );

      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nRem>0 && ALWAYS(pPgnoOut) ){
        Pgno pgnoNew;
        MemPage *pNew = 0;
        rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pNew, &pgnoNew, 0, 0);
        put4byte(pPgnoOut, pgnoNew);
        if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) && pPageOut ){
          ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoNew, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2, pPageOut->pgno, &rc);
        }
        releasePage(pPageOut);
        pPageOut = pNew;
        if( pPageOut ){
          pPgnoOut = pPageOut->aData;
          put4byte(pPgnoOut, 0);
          aOut = &pPgnoOut[4];
          nOut = MIN(pBt->usableSize - 4, nRem);
        }
      }
    }while( nRem>0 && rc==SQLITE_OK );

    releasePage(pPageOut);
    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPageIn);


    return rc;
  }
}

/*
** Delete the entry that the cursor is pointing to.
**
** If the BTREE_SAVEPOSITION bit of the flags parameter is zero, then
** the cursor is left pointing at an arbitrary location after the delete.

    if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    nCell = pLeaf->xCellSize(pLeaf, pCell);
    assert( MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) >= nCell );
    pTmp = pBt->pTmpSpace;
    assert( pTmp!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pLeaf->pDbPage);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = insertCell(pPage, iCellIdx, pCell-4, nCell+4, pTmp, n);
    }
    dropCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1, nCell, &rc);
    if( rc ) return rc;
  }

  /* Balance the tree. If the entry deleted was located on a leaf page,
  ** then the cursor still points to that page. In this case the first

  return (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)!=0;
}

/*
** Return the size of the header added to each page by this module.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HeaderSizeBtree(void){ return ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage)); }

/*
** If no transaction is active and the database is not a temp-db, clear
** the in-memory pager cache.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeClearCache(Btree *p){
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
  if( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE ){
    sqlite3PagerClearCache(pBt->pPager);
  }
}

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE)
/*
** Return true if the Btree passed as the only argument is sharable.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSharable(Btree *p){
  return p->sharable;

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(Vdbe *p, void *pP4, int n){
  VdbeOp *pOp;
  assert( n!=P4_INT32 && n!=P4_VTAB );
  assert( n<=0 );
  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
    freeP4(p->db, n, pP4);
  }else{
    assert( pP4!=0 || n==P4_DYNAMIC );
    assert( p->nOp>0 );
    pOp = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1];
    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_NOTUSED );
    pOp->p4type = n;
    pOp->p4.p = pP4;
  }
}

  const char *z,
  sqlite3_uint64 n,
  void (*xDel)(void *),
  unsigned char enc
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ) enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
    n &= ~(u64)1;
  }
  if( n>0x7fffffff ){
    (void)invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, pCtx);
  }else{
    setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, (int)n, enc, xDel);
  }
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const void *z,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n & ~(u64)1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, xDel);
}
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const void *z,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n & ~(u64)1, SQLITE_UTF16BE, xDel);
}
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const void *z,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n & ~(u64)1, SQLITE_UTF16LE, xDel);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context *pCtx, sqlite3_value *pValue){
  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pOut, pValue);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, pCtx->enc);

  int i,
  const char *zData,
  sqlite3_uint64 nData,
  void (*xDel)(void*),
  unsigned char enc
){
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ) enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
    nData &= ~(u16)1;
  }
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, enc);
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
  int i,
  const void *zData,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void*)
){
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, n & ~(u64)1, xDel, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, const sqlite3_value *pValue){
  int rc;
  switch( sqlite3_value_type((sqlite3_value*)pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
      rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, i, pValue->u.i);

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace)registerTrace(R,M)
#else
#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M)
#endif












#ifndef NDEBUG
/*
** This function is only called from within an assert() expression. It
** checks that the sqlite3.nTransaction variable is correctly set to
** the number of non-transaction savepoints currently in the
** linked list starting at sqlite3.pSavepoint.
**

  seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0);
  if( pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
    x.nZero = pData->u.nZero;
  }else{
    x.nZero = 0;
  }
  x.pKey = 0;
  assert( BTREE_PREFORMAT==OPFLAG_PREFORMAT );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(pC->uc.pCursor, &x,
      (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION|OPFLAG_PREFORMAT)),
      seekResult
  );
  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;

         || pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW
         || (pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) );
    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
    assert( pExpr!=0 );
  }
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
  if( op==TK_COLUMN || (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN && pExpr->y.pTab!=0) ){
    assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
    assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
    return sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
  }
  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect!=0 );

SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  const Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( p ){
    int op = p->op;
    if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
    if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN && p->y.pTab!=0)
     || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_TRIGGER
    ){
      int j;
      assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
      assert( p->y.pTab!=0 );
      if( (j = p->iColumn)>=0 ){
        const char *zColl = sqlite3ColumnColl(&p->y.pTab->aCol[j]);
        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
      }

    }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */
  }
  return target;
}

/*
** Check to see if pExpr is one of the indexed expressions on pParse->pIdxEpr.
** If it is, then resolve the expression by reading from the index and
** return the register into which the value has been read.  If pExpr is
** not an indexed expression, then return negative.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(
  Parse *pParse,   /* The parsing context */
  Expr *pExpr,     /* The expression to potentially bypass */
  int target       /* Where to store the result of the expression */
){
  IndexedExpr *p;
  Vdbe *v;
  for(p=pParse->pIdxEpr; p; p=p->pIENext){
    int iDataCur = p->iDataCur;
    if( iDataCur<0 ) continue;
    if( pParse->iSelfTab ){
      if( p->iDataCur!=pParse->iSelfTab-1 ) continue;
      iDataCur = -1;
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, p->pExpr, iDataCur)!=0 ) continue;
    v = pParse->pVdbe;
    assert( v!=0 );
    if( p->bMaybeNullRow ){
      /* If the index is on a NULL row due to an outer join, then we
      ** cannot extract the value from the index.  The value must be
      ** computed using the original expression. */
      int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNullRow, p->iIdxCur, addr+3, target);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p->iIdxCur, p->iIdxCol, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s expr-column %d", p->zIdxName, p->iIdxCol));
      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, 0);
      p = pParse->pIdxEpr;
      pParse->pIdxEpr = 0;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
      pParse->pIdxEpr = p;
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+2);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p->iIdxCur, p->iIdxCol, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s expr-column %d", p->zIdxName, p->iIdxCol));
    }
    return target;
  }

  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  assert( v!=0 );

expr_code_doover:
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    op = TK_NULL;
  }else if( pParse->pIdxEpr!=0
   && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf)
   && (r1 = sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(pParse, pExpr, target))>=0
  ){
    return r1;
  }else{
    assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
    op = pExpr->op;
  }
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
      struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
      assert( pAggInfo!=0 );
      assert( pExpr->iAgg>=0 && pExpr->iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
      pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg];
      if( !pAggInfo->directMode ){

        return AggInfoColumnReg(pAggInfo, pExpr->iAgg);
      }else if( pAggInfo->useSortingIdx ){
        Table *pTab = pCol->pTab;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab,
                              pCol->iSorterColumn, target);
        if( pTab==0 ){
          /* No comment added */
        }else if( pCol->iColumn<0 ){
          VdbeComment((v,"%s.rowid",pTab->zName));
        }else{
          VdbeComment((v,"%s.%s",
              pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[pCol->iColumn].zCnName));
          if( pTab->aCol[pCol->iColumn].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
          }
        }
        return target;
      }else if( pExpr->y.pTab==0 ){
        /* This case happens when the argument to an aggregate function
        ** is rewritten by aggregateConvertIndexedExprRefToColumn() */
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn, target);
        return target;
      }
      /* Otherwise, fall thru into the TK_COLUMN case */
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      int iTab = pExpr->iTable;
      int iReg;

      if( pInfo==0
       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg<0)
       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg>=pInfo->nFunc)
      ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate: %#T()", pExpr);
      }else{
        return AggInfoFuncReg(pInfo, pExpr->iAgg);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      int nFarg;             /* Number of function arguments */
      FuncDef *pDef;         /* The function definition object */

    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW: {
      int addrINR;
      u8 okConstFactor = pParse->okConstFactor;
      AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
      if( pAggInfo ){
        assert( pExpr->iAgg>=0 && pExpr->iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
        if( !pAggInfo->directMode ){
          inReg = AggInfoColumnReg(pAggInfo, pExpr->iAgg);
          break;
        }
        if( pExpr->pAggInfo->useSortingIdx ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab,
                            pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg].iSorterColumn,
                            target);
          inReg = target;

       pInfo->aFunc,
       sizeof(pInfo->aFunc[0]),
       &pInfo->nFunc,
       &i
  );
  return i;
}

/*
** Search the AggInfo object for an aCol[] entry that has iTable and iColumn.
** Return the index in aCol[] of the entry that describes that column.
**
** If no prior entry is found, create a new one and return -1.  The
** new column will have an idex of pAggInfo->nColumn-1.
*/
static void findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo,   /* The AggInfo object to search and/or modify */
  Expr *pExpr          /* Expr describing the column to find or insert */
){
  struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
  int k;

  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  pCol = pAggInfo->aCol;
  for(k=0; k<pAggInfo->nColumn; k++, pCol++){
    if( pCol->iTable==pExpr->iTable
     && pCol->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn
     && pExpr->op!=TK_IF_NULL_ROW
    ){
      goto fix_up_expr;
    }
  }
  k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
  if( k<0 ){
    /* OOM on resize */
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return;
  }
  pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[k];
  assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
  pCol->pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
  pCol->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
  pCol->iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
  pCol->iSorterColumn = -1;
  pCol->pCExpr = pExpr;
  if( pAggInfo->pGroupBy && pExpr->op!=TK_IF_NULL_ROW ){
    int j, n;
    ExprList *pGB = pAggInfo->pGroupBy;
    struct ExprList_item *pTerm = pGB->a;
    n = pGB->nExpr;
    for(j=0; j<n; j++, pTerm++){
      Expr *pE = pTerm->pExpr;
      if( pE->op==TK_COLUMN
       && pE->iTable==pExpr->iTable
       && pE->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn
      ){
        pCol->iSorterColumn = j;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if( pCol->iSorterColumn<0 ){
    pCol->iSorterColumn = pAggInfo->nSortingColumn++;
  }
fix_up_expr:
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
  pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    pExpr->op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
  }
  pExpr->iAgg = (i16)k;
}

/*
** This is the xExprCallback for a tree walker.  It is used to
** implement sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates().  See sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates
** for additional information.
*/
static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  int i;
  NameContext *pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
  Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
  SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
  AggInfo *pAggInfo = pNC->uNC.pAggInfo;

  assert( pNC->ncFlags & NC_UAggInfo );
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    default: {
      IndexedExpr *pIEpr;
      Expr tmp;
      assert( pParse->iSelfTab==0 );
      if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_InAggFunc)==0 ) break;
      if( pParse->pIdxEpr==0 ) break;
      for(pIEpr=pParse->pIdxEpr; pIEpr; pIEpr=pIEpr->pIENext){
        int iDataCur = pIEpr->iDataCur;
        if( iDataCur<0 ) continue;
        if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pIEpr->pExpr, iDataCur)==0 ) break;
      }
      if( pIEpr==0 ) break;
      if( NEVER(!ExprUseYTab(pExpr)) ) break;

      /* If we reach this point, it means that expression pExpr can be
      ** translated into a reference to an index column as described by
      ** pIEpr.
      */
      memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
      tmp.op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
      tmp.iTable = pIEpr->iIdxCur;
      tmp.iColumn = pIEpr->iIdxCol;
      findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(pParse, pAggInfo, &tmp);
      pAggInfo->aCol[tmp.iAgg].pCExpr = pExpr;
      pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
      pExpr->iAgg = tmp.iAgg;
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW:
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW );
      /* Check to see if the column is in one of the tables in the FROM
      ** clause of the aggregate query */
      if( ALWAYS(pSrcList!=0) ){
        SrcItem *pItem = pSrcList->a;
        for(i=0; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){

          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
          if( pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor ){

















            findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(pParse, pAggInfo, pExpr);








































            break;
          } /* endif pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor */
        } /* end loop over pSrcList */
      }
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {

          */
          u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
          i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
          if( i>=0 ){
            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
            pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
            pItem->pFExpr = pExpr;

            assert( ExprUseUToken(pExpr) );
            pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
                   pExpr->u.zToken,
                   pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
            if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
              pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
            }else{

        if( x<=0.0 ) return;
        break;
     default:
        return;
    }
    ans = log(x)/b;
  }else{

    switch( SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(context)) ){
      case 1:

        ans = log10(x);
        break;
      case 2:

        ans = log2(x);
        break;
      default:
        ans = log(x);
        break;
    }
  }
  sqlite3_result_double(context, ans);
}

/*

          case OE_Abort:
            sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
            /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
          case OE_Rollback:
          case OE_Fail: {
            char *zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", pTab->zName,
                                        pCol->zCnName);
            testcase( zMsg==0 && db->mallocFailed==0 );
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_HaltIfNull, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL,
                              onError, iReg);
            sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, P5_ConstraintNotNull);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            break;
          }

  sqlite3_serialize,
#else
  0,
  0,
#endif
  sqlite3_db_name,
  /* Version 3.40.0 and later */
  sqlite3_value_encoding
};

/* True if x is the directory separator character
*/
#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
# define DirSep(X)  ((X)=='/'||(X)=='\\')
#else

    return;
  }
#endif

  if( pParse->colNamesSet ) return;
  /* Column names are determined by the left-most term of a compound select */
  while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
  TREETRACE(0x80,pParse,pSelect,("generating column names\n"));
  pTabList = pSelect->pSrc;
  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTabList!=0 );
  pParse->colNamesSet = 1;
  fullName = (db->flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0;
  srcName = (db->flags & SQLITE_ShortColNames)!=0 || fullName;

      case TK_ALL: {
        int addr = 0;
        int nLimit = 0;  /* Initialize to suppress harmless compiler warning */
        assert( !pPrior->pLimit );
        pPrior->iLimit = p->iLimit;
        pPrior->iOffset = p->iOffset;
        pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;
        TREETRACE(0x200, pParse, p, ("multiSelect UNION ALL left...\n"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest);
        pPrior->pLimit = 0;
        if( rc ){
          goto multi_select_end;
        }
        p->pPrior = 0;
        p->iLimit = pPrior->iLimit;
        p->iOffset = pPrior->iOffset;
        if( p->iLimit ){
          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, p->iLimit); VdbeCoverage(v);
          VdbeComment((v, "Jump ahead if LIMIT reached"));
          if( p->iOffset ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OffsetLimit,
                              p->iLimit, p->iOffset+1, p->iOffset);
          }
        }
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "UNION ALL"));
        TREETRACE(0x200, pParse, p, ("multiSelect UNION ALL right...\n"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &dest);
        testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
        pDelete = p->pPrior;
        p->pPrior = pPrior;
        p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEstAdd(p->nSelectRow, pPrior->nSelectRow);
        if( p->pLimit
         && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLimit->pLeft, &nLimit)

        }


        /* Code the SELECT statements to our left
        */
        assert( !pPrior->pOrderBy );
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&uniondest, priorOp, unionTab);
        TREETRACE(0x200, pParse, p, ("multiSelect EXCEPT/UNION left...\n"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &uniondest);
        if( rc ){
          goto multi_select_end;
        }

        /* Code the current SELECT statement
        */
        if( p->op==TK_EXCEPT ){
          op = SRT_Except;
        }else{
          assert( p->op==TK_UNION );
          op = SRT_Union;
        }
        p->pPrior = 0;
        pLimit = p->pLimit;
        p->pLimit = 0;
        uniondest.eDest = op;
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%s USING TEMP B-TREE",
                          sqlite3SelectOpName(p->op)));
        TREETRACE(0x200, pParse, p, ("multiSelect EXCEPT/UNION right...\n"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest);
        testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
        assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
        pDelete = p->pPrior;
        p->pPrior = pPrior;
        p->pOrderBy = 0;
        if( p->op==TK_UNION ){

        p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
        findRightmost(p)->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
        assert( p->pEList );

        /* Code the SELECTs to our left into temporary table "tab1".
        */
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&intersectdest, SRT_Union, tab1);
        TREETRACE(0x400, pParse, p, ("multiSelect INTERSECT left...\n"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &intersectdest);
        if( rc ){
          goto multi_select_end;
        }

        /* Code the current SELECT into temporary table "tab2"
        */
        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab2, 0);
        assert( p->addrOpenEphm[1] == -1 );
        p->addrOpenEphm[1] = addr;
        p->pPrior = 0;
        pLimit = p->pLimit;
        p->pLimit = 0;
        intersectdest.iSDParm = tab2;
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%s USING TEMP B-TREE",
                          sqlite3SelectOpName(p->op)));
        TREETRACE(0x400, pParse, p, ("multiSelect INTERSECT right...\n"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest);
        testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
        pDelete = p->pPrior;
        p->pPrior = pPrior;
        if( p->nSelectRow>pPrior->nSelectRow ){
          p->nSelectRow = pPrior->nSelectRow;
        }

*/
static ExprList *findLeftmostExprlist(Select *pSel){
  while( pSel->pPrior ){
    pSel = pSel->pPrior;
  }
  return pSel->pEList;
}

/*
** Return true if any of the result-set columns in the compound query
** have incompatible affinities on one or more arms of the compound.
*/
static int compoundHasDifferentAffinities(Select *p){
  int ii;
  ExprList *pList;
  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
  assert( p->pPrior!=0 );
  pList = p->pEList;
  for(ii=0; ii<pList->nExpr; ii++){
    char aff;
    Select *pSub1;
    assert( pList->a[ii].pExpr!=0 );
    aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pList->a[ii].pExpr);
    for(pSub1=p->pPrior; pSub1; pSub1=pSub1->pPrior){
      assert( pSub1->pEList!=0 );
      assert( pSub1->pEList->nExpr>ii );
      assert( pSub1->pEList->a[ii].pExpr!=0 );
      if( sqlite3ExprAffinity(pSub1->pEList->a[ii].pExpr)!=aff ){
        return 1;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
/*
** This routine attempts to flatten subqueries as a performance optimization.
** This routine returns 1 if it makes changes and 0 if no flattening occurs.
**
** To understand the concept of flattening, consider the following

**              (17d2) DISTINCT
**        (17e) the subquery may not contain window functions, and
**        (17f) the subquery must not be the RHS of a LEFT JOIN.
**        (17g) either the subquery is the first element of the outer
**              query or there are no RIGHT or FULL JOINs in any arm
**              of the subquery.  (This is a duplicate of condition (27b).)
**        (17h) The corresponding result set expressions in all arms of the
**              compound must have the same affinity. (See restriction (9)
**              on the push-down optimization.)
**
**        The parent and sub-query may contain WHERE clauses. Subject to
**        rules (11), (13) and (14), they may also contain ORDER BY,
**        LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.  The subquery cannot use any compound
**        operator other than UNION ALL because all the other compound
**        operators have an implied DISTINCT which is disallowed by
**        restriction (4).

      }
    }

    /* Restriction (23) */
    if( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive) ) return 0;

    /* Restriction (17h) */









    if( compoundHasDifferentAffinities(pSub) ) return 0;




    if( pSrc->nSrc>1 ){
      if( pParse->nSelect>500 ) return 0;
      if( OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_FlttnUnionAll) ) return 0;
      aCsrMap = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, ((i64)pParse->nTab+1)*sizeof(int));
      if( aCsrMap ) aCsrMap[0] = pParse->nTab;
    }
  }

  /***** If we reach this point, flattening is permitted. *****/
  TREETRACE(0x4,pParse,p,("flatten %u.%p from term %d\n",
                   pSub->selId, pSub, iFrom));

  /* Authorize the subquery */
  pParse->zAuthContext = pSubitem->zName;
  TESTONLY(i =) sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
  testcase( i==SQLITE_DENY );
  pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;

      if( aCsrMap && ALWAYS(db->mallocFailed==0) ){
        renumberCursors(pParse, pNew, iFrom, aCsrMap);
      }
      pNew->pPrior = pPrior;
      if( pPrior ) pPrior->pNext = pNew;
      pNew->pNext = p;
      p->pPrior = pNew;
      TREETRACE(0x4,pParse,p,("compound-subquery flattener"
                              " creates %u as peer\n",pNew->selId));
    }
    assert( pSubitem->pSelect==0 );
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, aCsrMap);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    pSubitem->pSelect = pSub1;

  ** success.
  */
  sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(&w, pParse);
  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w,pSub1);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSub1);

#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x4 ){
    TREETRACE(0x4,pParse,p,("After flattening:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  return 1;
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */

**          filter out entire partitions, as this does not change the
**          window over which any window-function is calculated.
**
**   (7) The inner query is a Common Table Expression (CTE) that should
**       be materialized.  (This restriction is implemented in the calling
**       routine.)
**
**   (8) If the subquery is a compound that uses UNION, INTERSECT,
**       or EXCEPT, then all of the result set columns for all arms of
**       the compound must use the BINARY collating sequence.
**
**   (9) If the subquery is a compound, then all arms of the compound must
**       have the same affinity.  (This is the same as restriction (17h)
**       for query flattening.)
**
**
** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
** terms are duplicated into the subquery.
*/
static int pushDownWhereTerms(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parse context (for malloc() and error reporting) */
  Select *pSubq,        /* The subquery whose WHERE clause is to be augmented */
  Expr *pWhere,         /* The WHERE clause of the outer query */
  SrcItem *pSrc         /* The subquery term of the outer FROM clause */
){
  Expr *pNew;
  int nChng = 0;
  if( pWhere==0 ) return 0;
  if( pSubq->selFlags & (SF_Recursive|SF_MultiPart) ) return 0;
  if( pSrc->fg.jointype & (JT_LTORJ|JT_RIGHT) ) return 0;


  if( pSubq->pPrior ){
    Select *pSel;
    int notUnionAll = 0;
    for(pSel=pSubq; pSel; pSel=pSel->pPrior){
      u8 op = pSel->op;
      assert( op==TK_ALL || op==TK_SELECT
           || op==TK_UNION || op==TK_INTERSECT || op==TK_EXCEPT );
      if( op!=TK_ALL && op!=TK_SELECT ){
        notUnionAll = 1;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      if( pSel->pWin ) return 0;    /* restriction (6b) */
#endif
    }
    if( compoundHasDifferentAffinities(pSubq) ){
      return 0;  /* restriction (9) */
    }
    if( notUnionAll ){
      /* If any of the compound arms are connected using UNION, INTERSECT,
      ** or EXCEPT, then we must ensure that none of the columns use a
      ** non-BINARY collating sequence. */
      for(pSel=pSubq; pSel; pSel=pSel->pPrior){
        int ii;
        const ExprList *pList = pSel->pEList;
        assert( pList!=0 );
        for(ii=0; ii<pList->nExpr; ii++){
          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[ii].pExpr);
          if( !sqlite3IsBinary(pColl) ){
            return 0;  /* Restriction (8) */
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }else{
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
    if( pSubq->pWin && pSubq->pWin->pPartition==0 ) return 0;

#endif
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Only the first term of a compound can have a WITH clause.  But make
  ** sure no other terms are marked SF_Recursive in case something changes
  ** in the future.
  */
  {

      return WRC_Abort;
    }
    if( (elistFlags & (EP_HasFunc|EP_Subquery))!=0 ){
      p->selFlags |= SF_ComplexResult;
    }
  }
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x8 ){
    TREETRACE(0x8,pParse,p,("After result-set wildcard expansion:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
  return WRC_Continue;
}

#if SQLITE_DEBUG

  if( p->selFlags & SF_HasTypeInfo ) return;
  sqlite3SelectExpand(pParse, p);
  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, p, pOuterNC);
  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(pParse, p);
}

#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
/*
** Display all information about an AggInfo object
*/
static void printAggInfo(AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  int ii;
  for(ii=0; ii<pAggInfo->nColumn; ii++){
    struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[ii];
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(
       "agg-column[%d] pTab=%s iTable=%d iColumn=%d iMem=%d"
       " iSorterColumn=%d %s\n",
       ii, pCol->pTab ? pCol->pTab->zName : "NULL",
       pCol->iTable, pCol->iColumn, pAggInfo->iFirstReg+ii,
       pCol->iSorterColumn,
       ii>=pAggInfo->nAccumulator ? "" : " Accumulator");
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pAggInfo->aCol[ii].pCExpr, 0);
  }
  for(ii=0; ii<pAggInfo->nFunc; ii++){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-func[%d]: iMem=%d\n",
        ii, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,ii));
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pAggInfo->aFunc[ii].pFExpr, 0);
  }
}
#endif /* TREETRACE_ENABLED */

/*
** Analyze the arguments to aggregate functions.  Create new pAggInfo->aCol[]
** entries for columns that are arguments to aggregate functions but which
** are not otherwise used.
**
** The aCol[] entries in AggInfo prior to nAccumulator are columns that
** are referenced outside of aggregate functions.  These might be columns
** that are part of the GROUP by clause, for example.  Other database engines
** would throw an error if there is a column reference that is not in the
** GROUP BY clause and that is not part of an aggregate function argument.
** But SQLite allows this.
**
** The aCol[] entries beginning with the aCol[nAccumulator] and following
** are column references that are used exclusively as arguments to
** aggregate functions.  This routine is responsible for computing
** (or recomputing) those aCol[] entries.
*/
static void analyzeAggFuncArgs(
  AggInfo *pAggInfo,
  NameContext *pNC
){
  int i;
  assert( pAggInfo!=0 );
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  pNC->ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
  for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
    Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr;
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(pNC, pExpr->x.pList);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
    assert( !IsWindowFunc(pExpr) );
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(pNC, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
    }
#endif
  }
  pNC->ncFlags &= ~NC_InAggFunc;
}

/*
** An index on expressions is being used in the inner loop of an
** aggregate query with a GROUP BY clause.  This routine attempts
** to adjust the AggInfo object to take advantage of index and to
** perhaps use the index as a covering index.
**
*/
static void optimizeAggregateUseOfIndexedExpr(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  Select *pSelect,        /* The SELECT statement being processed */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo,      /* The aggregate info */
  NameContext *pNC        /* Name context used to resolve agg-func args */
){
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  pAggInfo->nColumn = pAggInfo->nAccumulator;
  if( ALWAYS(pAggInfo->nSortingColumn>0) ){
    if( pAggInfo->nColumn==0 ){
      pAggInfo->nSortingColumn = 0;
    }else{
      pAggInfo->nSortingColumn =
        pAggInfo->aCol[pAggInfo->nColumn-1].iSorterColumn+1;
    }
  }
  analyzeAggFuncArgs(pAggInfo, pNC);
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x20 ){
    IndexedExpr *pIEpr;
    TREETRACE(0x20, pParse, pSelect,
        ("AggInfo (possibly) adjusted for Indexed Exprs\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, pSelect, 0);
    for(pIEpr=pParse->pIdxEpr; pIEpr; pIEpr=pIEpr->pIENext){
      printf("data-cursor=%d index={%d,%d}\n",
          pIEpr->iDataCur, pIEpr->iIdxCur, pIEpr->iIdxCol);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pIEpr->pExpr, 0);
    }
    printAggInfo(pAggInfo);
  }
#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pParse);
#endif
}

/*
** Walker callback for aggregateConvertIndexedExprRefToColumn().
*/
static int aggregateIdxEprRefToColCallback(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;
  struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pWalker);
  if( pExpr->pAggInfo==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ) return WRC_Continue;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return WRC_Continue;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW ) return WRC_Continue;
  pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
  assert( pExpr->iAgg>=0 && pExpr->iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
  pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg];
  pExpr->op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
  pExpr->iTable = pCol->iTable;
  pExpr->iColumn = pCol->iColumn;
  return WRC_Prune;
}

/*
** Convert every pAggInfo->aFunc[].pExpr such that any node within
** those expressions that has pAppInfo set is changed into a TK_AGG_COLUMN
** opcode.
*/
static void aggregateConvertIndexedExprRefToColumn(AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  int i;
  Walker w;
  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
  w.xExprCallback = aggregateIdxEprRefToColCallback;
  for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
    sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr);
  }
}


/*
** Allocate a block of registers so that there is one register for each
** pAggInfo->aCol[] and pAggInfo->aFunc[] entry in pAggInfo.  The first
** register in this block is stored in pAggInfo->iFirstReg.
**
** This routine may only be called once for each AggInfo object.  Prior
** to calling this routine:
**
**     *  The aCol[] and aFunc[] arrays may be modified
**     *  The AggInfoColumnReg() and AggInfoFuncReg() macros may not be used
**
** After clling this routine:
**
**     *  The aCol[] and aFunc[] arrays are fixed
**     *  The AggInfoColumnReg() and AggInfoFuncReg() macros may be used
**
*/
static void assignAggregateRegisters(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  assert( pAggInfo!=0 );
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  pAggInfo->iFirstReg = pParse->nMem + 1;
  pParse->nMem += pAggInfo->nColumn + pAggInfo->nFunc;
}

/*
** Reset the aggregate accumulator.
**
** The aggregate accumulator is a set of memory cells that hold
** intermediate results while calculating an aggregate.  This
** routine generates code that stores NULLs in all of those memory
** cells.
*/
static void resetAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  struct AggInfo_func *pFunc;
  int nReg = pAggInfo->nFunc + pAggInfo->nColumn;
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg>0 );
  assert( pParse->db->pParse==pParse );
  assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr!=0 );
  if( nReg==0 ) return;
  if( pParse->nErr ) return;













  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, pAggInfo->iFirstReg,
                    pAggInfo->iFirstReg+nReg-1);
  for(pFunc=pAggInfo->aFunc, i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pFunc++){
    if( pFunc->iDistinct>=0 ){
      Expr *pE = pFunc->pFExpr;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pE) );
      if( pE->x.pList==0 || pE->x.pList->nExpr!=1 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "DISTINCT aggregates must have exactly one "
           "argument");

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
    ExprList *pList;
    assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr) );
    pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i),
                      pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
  }
}


/*
** Generate code that will update the accumulator memory cells for an
** aggregate based on the current cursor position.
**
** If regAcc is non-zero and there are no min() or max() aggregates
** in pAggInfo, then only populate the pAggInfo->nAccumulator accumulator
** registers if register regAcc contains 0. The caller will take care
** of setting and clearing regAcc.
*/
static void updateAccumulator(
  Parse *pParse,
  int regAcc,
  AggInfo *pAggInfo,
  int eDistinctType
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  int regHit = 0;
  int addrHitTest = 0;
  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
  struct AggInfo_col *pC;

  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg>0 );
  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  pAggInfo->directMode = 1;
  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
    int nArg;
    int addrNext = 0;
    int regAgg;
    ExprList *pList;
    assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr) );

      }
      if( !pColl ){
        pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
      }
      if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ) regHit = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, regHit, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i));
    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
    if( addrNext ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrNext);
    }
  }
  if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ){
    regHit = regAcc;
  }
  if( regHit ){
    addrHitTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regHit); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  for(i=0, pC=pAggInfo->aCol; i<pAggInfo->nAccumulator; i++, pC++){
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pC->pCExpr, AggInfoColumnReg(pAggInfo,i));
  }

  pAggInfo->directMode = 0;
  if( addrHitTest ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(v, addrHitTest);
  }
}

  memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(sWalker));
  sWalker.pParse = pParse;
  sWalker.xExprCallback = havingToWhereExprCb;
  sWalker.u.pSelect = p;
  sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, p->pHaving);
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sWalker.eCode && (sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x100)!=0 ){
    TREETRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("Move HAVING terms into WHERE:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Check to see if the pThis entry of pTabList is a self-join of a prior view.

    }
    pSub = pPrior;
  }
  p->pEList->a[0].pExpr = pExpr;
  p->selFlags &= ~SF_Aggregate;

#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x200 ){
    TREETRACE(0x200,pParse,p,("After count-of-view optimization:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION */

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( p==0 || pParse->nErr ){
    return 1;
  }
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  TREETRACE(0x1,pParse,p, ("begin processing:\n", pParse->addrExplain));
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x10000 ){
    if( (sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x10001)==0x10000 ){
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(0, "In sqlite3Select() at %s:%d",
                           __FILE__, __LINE__);
    }
    sqlite3ShowSelect(p);
  }
#endif

  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistFifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Fifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistQueue );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Queue );
  if( IgnorableDistinct(pDest) ){
    assert(pDest->eDest==SRT_Exists     || pDest->eDest==SRT_Union ||
           pDest->eDest==SRT_Except     || pDest->eDest==SRT_Discard ||
           pDest->eDest==SRT_DistQueue  || pDest->eDest==SRT_DistFifo );
    /* All of these destinations are also able to ignore the ORDER BY clause */
    if( p->pOrderBy ){
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
      TREETRACE(0x800,pParse,p, ("dropping superfluous ORDER BY:\n"));
      if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x800 ){
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(0, p->pOrderBy, 0, "ORDERBY");
      }
#endif
      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
        (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3ExprListDelete,
        p->pOrderBy);
      testcase( pParse->earlyCleanup );
      p->pOrderBy = 0;
    }
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
    p->selFlags |= SF_NoopOrderBy;
  }
  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
  if( pParse->nErr ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x10 ){
    TREETRACE(0x10,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  /* If the SF_UFSrcCheck flag is set, then this function is being called
  ** as part of populating the temp table for an UPDATE...FROM statement.
  ** In this case, it is an error if the target object (pSrc->a[0]) name

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
  if( sqlite3WindowRewrite(pParse, p) ){
    assert( pParse->nErr );
    goto select_end;
  }
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( p->pWin && (sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x40)!=0 ){
    TREETRACE(0x40,pParse,p, ("after window rewrite:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
  memset(&sSort, 0, sizeof(sSort));

    /* Convert LEFT JOIN into JOIN if there are terms of the right table
    ** of the LEFT JOIN used in the WHERE clause.
    */
    if( (pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))==JT_LEFT
     && sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor)
     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SimplifyJoin)
    ){
      TREETRACE(0x1000,pParse,p,
                ("LEFT-JOIN simplifies to JOIN on term %d\n",i));
      pItem->fg.jointype &= ~(JT_LEFT|JT_OUTER);
      assert( pItem->iCursor>=0 );
      unsetJoinExpr(p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor,
                    pTabList->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ);
    }

    if( pSub->pOrderBy!=0
     && (p->pOrderBy!=0 || pTabList->nSrc>1)      /* Condition (5) */
     && pSub->pLimit==0                           /* Condition (1) */
     && (pSub->selFlags & SF_OrderByReqd)==0      /* Condition (2) */
     && (p->selFlags & SF_OrderByReqd)==0         /* Condition (3) and (4) */
     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_OmitOrderBy)
    ){
      TREETRACE(0x800,pParse,p,
                ("omit superfluous ORDER BY on %r FROM-clause subquery\n",i+1));
      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
         (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3ExprListDelete,
         pSub->pOrderBy);
      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  /* Handle compound SELECT statements using the separate multiSelect()
  ** procedure.
  */
  if( p->pPrior ){
    rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
    TREETRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("end compound-select processing\n"));
    if( (sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x400)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
    }
#endif
    if( p->pNext==0 ) ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
    return rc;
  }
#endif

  /* Do the WHERE-clause constant propagation optimization if this is
  ** a join.  No need to speed time on this operation for non-join queries
  ** as the equivalent optimization will be handled by query planner in
  ** sqlite3WhereBegin().
  */
  if( p->pWhere!=0
   && p->pWhere->op==TK_AND
   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_PropagateConst)
   && propagateConstants(pParse, p)
  ){
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
    if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x2000 ){
      TREETRACE(0x2000,pParse,p,("After constant propagation:\n"));
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
    }
#endif
  }else{
    TREETRACE(0x2000,pParse,p,("Constant propagation not helpful\n"));
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION
  if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener|SQLITE_CountOfView)
   && countOfViewOptimization(pParse, p)
  ){
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;

    */
    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_PushDown)
     && (pItem->fg.isCte==0
         || (pItem->u2.pCteUse->eM10d!=M10d_Yes && pItem->u2.pCteUse->nUse<2))
     && pushDownWhereTerms(pParse, pSub, p->pWhere, pItem)
    ){
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
      if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x4000 ){
        TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,
            ("After WHERE-clause push-down into subquery %d:\n", pSub->selId));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }
#endif
      assert( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_PushDown)!=0 );
    }else{
      TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,("Push-down not possible\n"));
    }

    zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
    pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;

    /* Generate code to implement the subquery
    **

  pEList = p->pEList;
  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
  pHaving = p->pHaving;
  sDistinct.isTnct = (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0;

#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x8000 ){
    TREETRACE(0x8000,pParse,p,("After all FROM-clause analysis:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and
  ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
  ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:

    /* Notice that even thought SF_Distinct has been cleared from p->selFlags,
    ** the sDistinct.isTnct is still set.  Hence, isTnct represents the
    ** original setting of the SF_Distinct flag, not the current setting */
    assert( sDistinct.isTnct );
    sDistinct.isTnct = 2;

#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
    if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x20000 ){
      TREETRACE(0x20000,pParse,p,("Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY:\n"));
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
    }
#endif
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then create an ephemeral index to
  ** do the sorting.  But this sorting ephemeral index might end up

      sqlite3WindowCodeInit(pParse, p);
    }
#endif
    assert( WHERE_USE_LIMIT==SF_FixedLimit );


    /* Begin the database scan. */
    TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, sSort.pOrderBy,
                               p->pEList, p, wctrlFlags, p->nSelectRow);
    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
    if( sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(pWInfo) < p->nSelectRow ){
      p->nSelectRow = sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(pWInfo);
    }
    if( sDistinct.isTnct && sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo) ){
      sDistinct.eTnctType = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);
    }
    if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
      sSort.nOBSat = sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo);
      sSort.labelOBLopt = sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(pWInfo);
      if( sSort.nOBSat==sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr ){
        sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
      }
    }
    TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));

    /* If sorting index that was created by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral
    ** instruction ended up not being needed, then change the OP_OpenEphemeral
    ** into an OP_Noop.
    */
    if( sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 && sSort.pOrderBy==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, sSort.addrSortIndex);

      /* Use the standard inner loop. */
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
          sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pWInfo),
          sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));

      /* End the database scan loop.
      */
      TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
      sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
    }
  }else{
    /* This case when there exist aggregate functions or a GROUP BY clause
    ** or both */
    NameContext sNC;    /* Name context for processing aggregate information */
    int iAMem;          /* First Mem address for storing current GROUP BY */

    }
    pAggInfo->selId = p->selId;
    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
    sNC.uNC.pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
    VVA_ONLY( sNC.ncFlags = NC_UAggInfo; )

    pAggInfo->nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
    pAggInfo->pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
    if( pHaving ){
      if( pGroupBy ){
        assert( pWhere==p->pWhere );
        assert( pHaving==p->pHaving );
        assert( pGroupBy==p->pGroupBy );
        havingToWhere(pParse, p);
        pWhere = p->pWhere;
      }
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
    }
    pAggInfo->nAccumulator = pAggInfo->nColumn;
    if( p->pGroupBy==0 && p->pHaving==0 && pAggInfo->nFunc==1 ){
      minMaxFlag = minMaxQuery(db, pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr, &pMinMaxOrderBy);
    }else{
      minMaxFlag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
    }













    analyzeAggFuncArgs(pAggInfo, &sNC);
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
    if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x20 ){

      TREETRACE(0x20,pParse,p,("After aggregate analysis %p:\n", pAggInfo));
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      if( minMaxFlag ){
        sqlite3DebugPrintf("MIN/MAX Optimization (0x%02x) adds:\n", minMaxFlag);
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(0, pMinMaxOrderBy, 0, "ORDERBY");
      }












      printAggInfo(pAggInfo);


    }
#endif


    /* Processing for aggregates with GROUP BY is very different and
    ** much more complex than aggregates without a GROUP BY.
    */

      /* Begin a loop that will extract all source rows in GROUP BY order.
      ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
      ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
      ** in the right order to begin with.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
      TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
      pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pGroupBy, pDistinct,
          p, (sDistinct.isTnct==2 ? WHERE_DISTINCTBY : WHERE_GROUPBY)
          |  (orderByGrp ? WHERE_SORTBYGROUP : 0) | distFlag, 0
      );
      if( pWInfo==0 ){
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDistinct);
        goto select_end;
      }
      if( pParse->pIdxEpr ){
        optimizeAggregateUseOfIndexedExpr(pParse, p, pAggInfo, &sNC);
      }
      assignAggregateRegisters(pParse, pAggInfo);
      eDist = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);
      TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));
      if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)==pGroupBy->nExpr ){
        /* The optimizer is able to deliver rows in group by order so
        ** we do not have to sort.  The OP_OpenEphemeral table will be
        ** cancelled later because we still need to use the pKeyInfo
        */
        groupBySort = 0;
      }else{

        }
        pAggInfo->directMode = 0;
        regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol, regRecord);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterInsert, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, regRecord);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol);
        TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab = sortPTab = pParse->nTab++;
        sortOut = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, sortPTab, sortOut, nCol);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, addrEnd);
        VdbeComment((v, "GROUP BY sort")); VdbeCoverage(v);
        pAggInfo->useSortingIdx = 1;
      }

      /* If there entries in pAgggInfo->aFunc[] that contain subexpressions
      ** that are indexed (and that were previously identified and tagged
      ** in optimizeAggregateUseOfIndexedExpr()) then those subexpressions
      ** must now be converted into a TK_AGG_COLUMN node so that the value
      ** is correctly pulled from the index rather than being recomputed. */
      if( pParse->pIdxEpr ){
        aggregateConvertIndexedExprRefToColumn(pAggInfo);
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
        if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x20 ){
          TREETRACE(0x20, pParse, p,
             ("AggInfo function expressions converted to reference index\n"));
          sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
          printAggInfo(pAggInfo);
        }
#endif
      }

      /* If the index or temporary table used by the GROUP BY sort
      ** will naturally deliver rows in the order required by the ORDER BY
      ** clause, cancel the ephemeral table open coded earlier.
      **
      ** This is an optimization - the correct answer should result regardless.
      ** Use the SQLITE_GroupByOrder flag with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZER to

      /* End of the loop
      */
      if( groupBySort ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterNext, pAggInfo->sortingIdx,addrTopOfLoop);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }else{
        TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrSortingIdx);
      }
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDistinct);

      /* Output the final row of result
      */

        }

        /* Open a read-only cursor, execute the OP_Count, close the cursor. */
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenRead, iCsr, (int)iRoot, iDb, 1);
        if( pKeyInfo ){
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char *)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
        }
        assignAggregateRegisters(pParse, pAggInfo);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iCsr, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,0));
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCsr);
        explainSimpleCount(pParse, pTab, pBest);
      }else{
        int regAcc = 0;           /* "populate accumulators" flag */
        ExprList *pDistinct = 0;
        u16 distFlag = 0;
        int eDist;

            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regAcc);
          }
        }else if( pAggInfo->nFunc==1 && pAggInfo->aFunc[0].iDistinct>=0 ){
          assert( ExprUseXList(pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr) );
          pDistinct = pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr->x.pList;
          distFlag = pDistinct ? (WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT|WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT) : 0;
        }
        assignAggregateRegisters(pParse, pAggInfo);

        /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The
        ** processing is much simpler since there is only a single row
        ** of output.
        */
        assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
        resetAccumulator(pParse, pAggInfo);

        /* If this query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then
        ** minMaxFlag will have been previously set to either
        ** WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX and pMinMaxOrderBy will
        ** be an appropriate ORDER BY expression for the optimization.
        */
        assert( minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL || pMinMaxOrderBy!=0 );
        assert( pMinMaxOrderBy==0 || pMinMaxOrderBy->nExpr==1 );

        TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMaxOrderBy,
                                   pDistinct, p, minMaxFlag|distFlag, 0);
        if( pWInfo==0 ){
          goto select_end;
        }
        TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));
        eDist = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);
        updateAccumulator(pParse, regAcc, pAggInfo, eDist);
        if( eDist!=WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP ){
          struct AggInfo_func *pF = pAggInfo->aFunc;
          if( pF ){
            fixDistinctOpenEph(pParse, eDist, pF->iDistinct, pF->iDistAddr);
          }
        }

        if( regAcc ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regAcc);
        if( minMaxFlag ){
          sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(v, pWInfo);
        }
        TREETRACE(0x2,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, pAggInfo);
      }

      sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0,

  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 || db->mallocFailed==1 );
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr!=0 );
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pMinMaxOrderBy);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pAggInfo && !db->mallocFailed ){
    for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
      Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aCol[i].pCExpr;
      if( pExpr==0 ) continue;
      assert( pExpr->pAggInfo==pAggInfo );
      assert( pExpr->iAgg==i );
    }
    for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
      Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr;
      assert( pExpr!=0 );
      assert( pExpr->pAggInfo==pAggInfo );
      assert( pExpr->iAgg==i );
    }
  }
#endif

#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  TREETRACE(0x1,pParse,p,("end processing\n"));
  if( (sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x40000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
  ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
  return rc;
}

  p = sqliteHashFirst(&pTmpSchema->trigHash);
  pList = pTab->pTrigger;
  while( p ){
    Trigger *pTrig = (Trigger *)sqliteHashData(p);
    if( pTrig->pTabSchema==pTab->pSchema
     && pTrig->table
     && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pTrig->table, pTab->zName)
     && (pTrig->pTabSchema!=pTmpSchema || pTrig->bReturning)
    ){
      pTrig->pNext = pList;
      pList = pTrig;
    }else if( pTrig->op==TK_RETURNING ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      assert( pParse->db->pVtabCtx==0 );
#endif

#define WHERE_BIGNULL_SORT 0x00080000  /* Column nEq of index is BIGNULL */
#define WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN  0x00100000  /* Seek-scan optimization for IN */
#define WHERE_TRANSCONS    0x00200000  /* Uses a transitive constraint */
#define WHERE_BLOOMFILTER  0x00400000  /* Consider using a Bloom-filter */
#define WHERE_SELFCULL     0x00800000  /* nOut reduced by extra WHERE terms */
#define WHERE_OMIT_OFFSET  0x01000000  /* Set offset counter to zero */
#define WHERE_VIEWSCAN     0x02000000  /* A full-scan of a VIEW or subquery */
#define WHERE_EXPRIDX      0x04000000  /* Uses an index-on-expressions */

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_WHEREINT_H) */

/************** End of whereInt.h ********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in wherecode.c ******************/

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN

  ){
    if( nLoop && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKE)!=0 ){
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_LIKECOND;
    }else{
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
    if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4001)==0x4001 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("DISABLE-");
      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, (int)(pTerm - (pTerm->pWC->a)));
    }
#endif
    if( pTerm->iParent<0 ) break;
    pTerm = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );

  db = pParse->db;
  pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
  pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
  pLevel->notReady = notReady & ~sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
  bRev = (pWInfo->revMask>>iLevel)&1;
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-loop%d: %s",iLevel,pTabItem->pTab->zName));
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4001 */
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x1 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding level %d of %d:  notReady=%llx  iFrom=%d\n",
       iLevel, pWInfo->nLevel, (u64)notReady, pLevel->iFrom);
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x1000 ){
      sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pLoop, pWC);
    }
  }
  if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4001)==0x4001 ){
    if( iLevel==0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("WHERE clause being coded:\n");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pWInfo->pWhere, 0);
    }
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("All WHERE-clause terms before coding:\n");
    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(pWC);
  }

        }
        if( pAndExpr ){
          pAndExpr->pLeft = pOrExpr;
          pOrExpr = pAndExpr;
        }
        /* Loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "INDEX %d", ii+1));
        WHERETRACE(0xffffffff, ("Subplan for OR-clause:\n"));
        pSubWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pOrTab, pOrExpr, 0, 0, 0,
                                      WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE, iCovCur);
        assert( pSubWInfo || pParse->nErr );
        if( pSubWInfo ){
          WhereLoop *pSubLoop;
          int addrExplain = sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
              pParse, pOrTab, &pSubWInfo->a[0], 0

        if( x>0 ){
          skipLikeAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (x&1)?OP_IfNot:OP_If,(int)(x>>1));
          VdbeCoverageIf(v, (x&1)==1);
          VdbeCoverageIf(v, (x&1)==0);
        }
#endif
      }
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0xffffffff */
      if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "WhereTerm[%d] (%p) priority=%d",
                         pWC->nTerm-j, pTerm, iLoop));
      }
      if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4000 ){
        sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding auxiliary constraint:\n");
        sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, pWC->nTerm-j);
      }
#endif
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      if( skipLikeAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, skipLikeAddr);
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;

    WhereTerm *pAlt;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->leftCursor!=iCur ) continue;
    if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ|JT_RIGHT) ) continue;
    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4001 */
    if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4001)==0x4001 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding transitive constraint:\n");
      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, pWC->nTerm-j);
    }
#endif
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_OuterON) );
    assert( (pTerm->prereqRight & pLevel->notReady)!=0 );
    assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );

      if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ ) continue;
      assert( pTerm->pExpr );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTerm->pExpr, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
  }

#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4001 */
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4000 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("All WHERE-clause terms after coding level %d:\n",
                       iLevel);
    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(pWC);
  }
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x1 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("End Coding level %d:  notReady=%llx\n",
       iLevel, (u64)pLevel->notReady);
  }
#endif
  return pLevel->notReady;
}

** structure.  Used for testing and debugging only.  If neither
** SQLITE_TEST or SQLITE_DEBUG are defined, then these routines
** are no-ops.
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
static void whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
  int i;
  if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10)==0 ) return;
  for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(
       "  constraint[%d]: col=%d termid=%d op=%d usabled=%d collseq=%s\n",
       i,
       p->aConstraint[i].iColumn,
       p->aConstraint[i].iTermOffset,
       p->aConstraint[i].op,
       p->aConstraint[i].usable,
       sqlite3_vtab_collation(p,i));
  }
  for(i=0; i<p->nOrderBy; i++){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("  orderby[%d]: col=%d desc=%d\n",
       i,
       p->aOrderBy[i].iColumn,
       p->aOrderBy[i].desc);
  }
}
static void whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
  int i;
  if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10)==0 ) return;
  for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("  usage[%d]: argvIdx=%d omit=%d\n",
       i,
       p->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex,
       p->aConstraintUsage[i].omit);
  }
  sqlite3DebugPrintf("  idxNum=%d\n", p->idxNum);

    ** method (assume that the scan visits 1/64 of the rows) for estimating
    ** the number of rows visited. Otherwise, estimate the number of rows
    ** using the method described in the header comment for this function. */
    if( nDiff!=1 || pUpper==0 || pLower==0 ){
      int nAdjust = (sqlite3LogEst(p->nSample) - sqlite3LogEst(nDiff));
      pLoop->nOut -= nAdjust;
      *pbDone = 1;
      WHERETRACE(0x20, ("range skip-scan regions: %u..%u  adjust=%d est=%d\n",
                           nLower, nUpper, nAdjust*-1, pLoop->nOut));
    }

  }else{
    assert( *pbDone==0 );
  }

          if( iLwrIdx==iUprIdx ) nNew -= 20;  assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
        }else{
          nNew = 10;        assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
        }
        if( nNew<nOut ){
          nOut = nNew;
        }
        WHERETRACE(0x20, ("STAT4 range scan: %u..%u  est=%d\n",
                           (u32)iLower, (u32)iUpper, nOut));
      }
    }else{
      int bDone = 0;
      rc = whereRangeSkipScanEst(pParse, pLower, pUpper, pLoop, &bDone);
      if( bDone ) return rc;
    }

  }

  nOut -= (pLower!=0) + (pUpper!=0);
  if( nNew<10 ) nNew = 10;
  if( nNew<nOut ) nOut = nNew;
#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
  if( pLoop->nOut>nOut ){
    WHERETRACE(0x20,("Range scan lowers nOut from %d to %d\n",
                    pLoop->nOut, nOut));
  }
#endif
  pLoop->nOut = (LogEst)nOut;
  return rc;
}

  rc = sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(pParse, p, &pRec, pExpr, 1, nEq-1, &bOk);
  pBuilder->pRec = pRec;
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
  if( bOk==0 ) return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
  pBuilder->nRecValid = nEq;

  whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 0, a);
  WHERETRACE(0x20,("equality scan regions %s(%d): %d\n",
                   p->zName, nEq-1, (int)a[1]));
  *pnRow = a[1];

  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */

    nRowEst += nEst;
    pBuilder->nRecValid = nRecValid;
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( nRowEst > nRow0 ) nRowEst = nRow0;
    *pnRow = nRowEst;
    WHERETRACE(0x20,("IN row estimate: est=%d\n", nRowEst));
  }
  assert( pBuilder->nRecValid==nRecValid );
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */

  }
  if( p->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(" f %06x %d-%d", p->wsFlags, p->nLTerm,p->nSkip);
  }else{
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(" f %06x N %d", p->wsFlags, p->nLTerm);
  }
  sqlite3DebugPrintf(" cost %d,%d,%d\n", p->rSetup, p->rRun, p->nOut);
  if( p->nLTerm && (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4000)!=0 ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<p->nLTerm; i++){
      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(p->aLTerm[i], i);
    }
  }
}
#endif

            if( nEq==1
             /* TUNING: Mark terms as "low selectivity" if they seem likely
             ** to be true for half or more of the rows in the table.
             ** See tag-202002240-1 */
             && pNew->nOut+10 > pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0]
            ){
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x01 */
              if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x20 ){
                sqlite3DebugPrintf(
                   "STAT4 determines term has low selectivity:\n");
                sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, 999);
              }
#endif
              pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_HIGHTRUTH;
              if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_HEURTRUTH ){

    }

    /* Set rCostIdx to the cost of visiting selected rows in index. Add
    ** it to pNew->rRun, which is currently set to the cost of the index
    ** seek only. Then, if this is a non-covering index, add the cost of
    ** visiting the rows in the main table.  */
    assert( pSrc->pTab->szTabRow>0 );
    if( pProbe->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK ){
      /* The pProbe->szIdxRow is low for an IPK table since the interior
      ** pages are small.  Thuse szIdxRow gives a good estimate of seek cost.
      ** But the leaf pages are full-size, so pProbe->szIdxRow would badly
      ** under-estimate the scanning cost. */
      rCostIdx = pNew->nOut + 16;
    }else{
      rCostIdx = pNew->nOut + 1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pSrc->pTab->szTabRow;
    }
    pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rLogSize, rCostIdx);
    if( (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_IPK|WHERE_EXPRIDX))==0 ){
      pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun, pNew->nOut + 16);
    }
    ApplyCostMultiplier(pNew->rRun, pProbe->pTable->costMult);

    nOutUnadjusted = pNew->nOut;
    pNew->rRun += nInMul + nIn;
    pNew->nOut += nInMul + nIn;

     && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
    ){
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** pIdx is an index containing expressions.  Check it see if any of the
** expressions in the index match the pExpr expression.
*/
static int exprIsCoveredByIndex(
  const Expr *pExpr,
  const Index *pIdx,
  int iTabCur
){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
    if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]==XN_EXPR
     && sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr, iTabCur)==0
    ){
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Structure passed to the whereIsCoveringIndex Walker callback.
*/
typedef struct CoveringIndexCheck CoveringIndexCheck;
struct CoveringIndexCheck {
  Index *pIdx;       /* The index */
  int iTabCur;       /* Cursor number for the corresponding table */
  u8 bExpr;          /* Uses an indexed expression */
  u8 bUnidx;         /* Uses an unindexed column not within an indexed expr */
};

/*
** Information passed in is pWalk->u.pCovIdxCk.  Call it pCk.
**
** If the Expr node references the table with cursor pCk->iTabCur, then
** make sure that column is covered by the index pCk->pIdx.  We know that
** all columns less than 63 (really BMS-1) are covered, so we don't need
** to check them.  But we do need to check any column at 63 or greater.
**
** If the index does not cover the column, then set pWalk->eCode to
** non-zero and return WRC_Abort to stop the search.
**
** If this node does not disprove that the index can be a covering index,
** then just return WRC_Continue, to continue the search.
**
** If pCk->pIdx contains indexed expressions and one of those expressions
** matches pExpr, then prune the search.
*/
static int whereIsCoveringIndexWalkCallback(Walker *pWalk, Expr *pExpr){
  int i;                    /* Loop counter */
  const Index *pIdx;        /* The index of interest */
  const i16 *aiColumn;      /* Columns contained in the index */
  u16 nColumn;              /* Number of columns in the index */
  CoveringIndexCheck *pCk;  /* Info about this search */

  pCk = pWalk->u.pCovIdxCk;
  pIdx = pCk->pIdx;
  if( (pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN) ){
    /* if( pExpr->iColumn<(BMS-1) && pIdx->bHasExpr==0 ) return WRC_Continue;*/
    if( pExpr->iTable!=pCk->iTabCur ) return WRC_Continue;
    pIdx = pWalk->u.pCovIdxCk->pIdx;
    aiColumn = pIdx->aiColumn;
    nColumn = pIdx->nColumn;
    for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
      if( aiColumn[i]==pExpr->iColumn ) return WRC_Continue;
    }
    pCk->bUnidx = 1;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }else if( pIdx->bHasExpr
         && exprIsCoveredByIndex(pExpr, pIdx, pWalk->u.pCovIdxCk->iTabCur) ){
    pCk->bExpr = 1;
    return WRC_Prune;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}


/*
** pIdx is an index that covers all of the low-number columns used by
** pWInfo->pSelect (columns from 0 through 62) or an index that has
** expressions terms.  Hence, we cannot determine whether or not it is
** a covering index by using the colUsed bitmasks.  We have to do a search
** to see if the index is covering.  This routine does that search.

**
** The return value is one of these:
**
**      0                The index is definitely not a covering index
**
**      WHERE_IDX_ONLY   The index is definitely a covering index
**
**      WHERE_EXPRIDX    The index is likely a covering index, but it is
**                       difficult to determine precisely because of the
**                       expressions that are indexed.  Score it as a
**                       covering index, but still keep the main table open
**                       just in case we need it.
**
** This routine is an optimization.  It is always safe to return zero.
** But returning one of the other two values when zero should have been
** returned can lead to incorrect bytecode and assertion faults.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE u32 whereIsCoveringIndex(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,     /* The WHERE clause context */
  Index *pIdx,           /* Index that is being tested */
  int iTabCur            /* Cursor for the table being indexed */
){
  int i, rc;
  struct CoveringIndexCheck ck;
  Walker w;
  if( pWInfo->pSelect==0 ){
    /* We don't have access to the full query, so we cannot check to see
    ** if pIdx is covering.  Assume it is not. */
    return 0;
  }
  if( pIdx->bHasExpr==0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
      if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]>=BMS-1 ) break;
    }
    if( i>=pIdx->nColumn ){
      /* pIdx does not index any columns greater than 62, but we know from
      ** colMask that columns greater than 62 are used, so this is not a
      ** covering index */
      return 0;
    }
  }
  ck.pIdx = pIdx;
  ck.iTabCur = iTabCur;
  ck.bExpr = 0;
  ck.bUnidx = 0;
  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
  w.xExprCallback = whereIsCoveringIndexWalkCallback;
  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
  w.u.pCovIdxCk = &ck;

  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pWInfo->pSelect);
  if( ck.bUnidx ){
    rc = 0;
  }else if( ck.bExpr ){
    rc = WHERE_EXPRIDX;
  }else{
    rc = WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for a single table of the join where the table
** is identified by pBuilder->pNew->iTab.  That table is guaranteed to be
** a b-tree table, not a virtual table.
**

    memset(&sPk, 0, sizeof(Index));
    sPk.nKeyCol = 1;
    sPk.nColumn = 1;
    sPk.aiColumn = &aiColumnPk;
    sPk.aiRowLogEst = aiRowEstPk;
    sPk.onError = OE_Replace;
    sPk.pTable = pTab;
    sPk.szIdxRow = 3;  /* TUNING: Interior rows of IPK table are very small */
    sPk.idxType = SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK;
    aiRowEstPk[0] = pTab->nRowLogEst;
    aiRowEstPk[1] = 0;
    pFirst = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
    if( pSrc->fg.notIndexed==0 ){
      /* The real indices of the table are only considered if the
      ** NOT INDEXED qualifier is omitted from the FROM clause */

      whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew, rSize);
      rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
      pNew->nOut = rSize;
      if( rc ) break;
    }else{
      Bitmask m;
      if( pProbe->isCovering ){

        m = 0;
        pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_IDX_ONLY | WHERE_INDEXED;
      }else{
        m = pSrc->colUsed & pProbe->colNotIdxed;
        pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_INDEXED;
        if( m==TOPBIT || (pProbe->bHasExpr && !pProbe->bHasVCol && m!=0) ){
          u32 isCov = whereIsCoveringIndex(pWInfo, pProbe, pSrc->iCursor);
          if( isCov==0 ){
            WHERETRACE(0x200,
               ("-> %s is not a covering index"
                " according to whereIsCoveringIndex()\n", pProbe->zName));
            assert( m!=0 );
          }else{
            m = 0;
            pNew->wsFlags |= isCov;
            if( isCov & WHERE_IDX_ONLY ){
              WHERETRACE(0x200,
                 ("-> %s is a covering expression index"
                  " according to whereIsCoveringIndex()\n", pProbe->zName));
            }else{
              assert( isCov==WHERE_EXPRIDX );
              WHERETRACE(0x200,
                 ("-> %s might be a covering expression index"
                  " according to whereIsCoveringIndex()\n", pProbe->zName));
            }
          }
        }else if( m==0 ){
          WHERETRACE(0x200,
             ("-> %s a covering index according to bitmasks\n",
             pProbe->zName, m==0 ? "is" : "is not"));
          pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_IDX_ONLY | WHERE_INDEXED;
        }
      }

      /* Full scan via index */
      if( b
       || !HasRowid(pTab)
       || pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
       || pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy

  rc = vtabBestIndex(pParse, pSrc->pTab, pIdxInfo);
  if( rc ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
      /* If the xBestIndex method returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, that means
      ** that the particular combination of parameters provided is unusable.
      ** Make no entries in the loop table.
      */
      WHERETRACE(0xffffffff, ("  ^^^^--- non-viable plan rejected!\n"));
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    return rc;
  }

  mxTerm = -1;
  assert( pNew->nLSlot>=nConstraint );

    pNew->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_ONEROW;
  }
  rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
  if( pNew->u.vtab.needFree ){
    sqlite3_free(pNew->u.vtab.idxStr);
    pNew->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
  }
  WHERETRACE(0xffffffff, ("  bIn=%d prereqIn=%04llx prereqOut=%04llx\n",
                      *pbIn, (sqlite3_uint64)mPrereq,
                      (sqlite3_uint64)(pNew->prereq & ~mPrereq)));

  return rc;
}

/*

  if( whereLoopResize(pParse->db, pNew, nConstraint) ){
    freeIndexInfo(pParse->db, p);
    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }

  /* First call xBestIndex() with all constraints usable. */
  WHERETRACE(0x800, ("BEGIN %s.addVirtual()\n", pSrc->pTab->zName));
  WHERETRACE(0x800, ("  VirtualOne: all usable\n"));
  rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
      pBuilder, mPrereq, ALLBITS, 0, p, mNoOmit, &bIn, &bRetry
  );
  if( bRetry ){
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
    rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
        pBuilder, mPrereq, ALLBITS, 0, p, mNoOmit, &bIn, 0

    int seenZeroNoIN = 0;         /* Plan with no prereqs and no IN(...) seen */
    Bitmask mPrev = 0;
    Bitmask mBestNoIn = 0;

    /* If the plan produced by the earlier call uses an IN(...) term, call
    ** xBestIndex again, this time with IN(...) terms disabled. */
    if( bIn ){
      WHERETRACE(0x800, ("  VirtualOne: all usable w/o IN\n"));
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
          pBuilder, mPrereq, ALLBITS, WO_IN, p, mNoOmit, &bIn, 0);
      assert( bIn==0 );
      mBestNoIn = pNew->prereq & ~mPrereq;
      if( mBestNoIn==0 ){
        seenZero = 1;
        seenZeroNoIN = 1;

            pWC->a[p->aConstraint[i].iTermOffset].prereqRight & ~mPrereq
        );
        if( mThis>mPrev && mThis<mNext ) mNext = mThis;
      }
      mPrev = mNext;
      if( mNext==ALLBITS ) break;
      if( mNext==mBest || mNext==mBestNoIn ) continue;
      WHERETRACE(0x800, ("  VirtualOne: mPrev=%04llx mNext=%04llx\n",
                       (sqlite3_uint64)mPrev, (sqlite3_uint64)mNext));
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
          pBuilder, mPrereq, mNext|mPrereq, 0, p, mNoOmit, &bIn, 0);
      if( pNew->prereq==mPrereq ){
        seenZero = 1;
        if( bIn==0 ) seenZeroNoIN = 1;
      }
    }

    /* If the calls to xBestIndex() in the above loop did not find a plan
    ** that requires no source tables at all (i.e. one guaranteed to be
    ** usable), make a call here with all source tables disabled */
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && seenZero==0 ){
      WHERETRACE(0x800, ("  VirtualOne: all disabled\n"));
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
          pBuilder, mPrereq, mPrereq, 0, p, mNoOmit, &bIn, 0);
      if( bIn==0 ) seenZeroNoIN = 1;
    }

    /* If the calls to xBestIndex() have so far failed to find a plan
    ** that requires no source tables at all and does not use an IN(...)
    ** operator, make a final call to obtain one here.  */
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && seenZeroNoIN==0 ){
      WHERETRACE(0x800, ("  VirtualOne: all disabled and w/o IN\n"));
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
          pBuilder, mPrereq, mPrereq, WO_IN, p, mNoOmit, &bIn, 0);
    }
  }

  if( p->needToFreeIdxStr ) sqlite3_free(p->idxStr);
  freeIndexInfo(pParse->db, p);

      WhereTerm *pOrTerm;
      int once = 1;
      int i, j;

      sSubBuild = *pBuilder;
      sSubBuild.pOrSet = &sCur;

      WHERETRACE(0x400, ("Begin processing OR-clause %p\n", pTerm));
      for(pOrTerm=pOrWC->a; pOrTerm<pOrWCEnd; pOrTerm++){
        if( (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_AND)!=0 ){
          sSubBuild.pWC = &pOrTerm->u.pAndInfo->wc;
        }else if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCur ){
          tempWC.pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo;
          tempWC.pOuter = pWC;
          tempWC.op = TK_AND;
          tempWC.nTerm = 1;
          tempWC.nBase = 1;
          tempWC.a = pOrTerm;
          sSubBuild.pWC = &tempWC;
        }else{
          continue;
        }
        sCur.n = 0;
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
        WHERETRACE(0x400, ("OR-term %d of %p has %d subterms:\n",
                   (int)(pOrTerm-pOrWC->a), pTerm, sSubBuild.pWC->nTerm));
        if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x20000 ){
          sqlite3WhereClausePrint(sSubBuild.pWC);
        }
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
        if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
          rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(&sSubBuild, mPrereq, mUnusable);
        }else

        ** the planner may elect to "OR" together a full-table scan and an
        ** index lookup. And other similarly odd results.  */
        pNew->rRun = sSum.a[i].rRun + 1;
        pNew->nOut = sSum.a[i].nOut;
        pNew->prereq = sSum.a[i].prereq;
        rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
      }
      WHERETRACE(0x400, ("End processing OR-clause %p\n", pTerm));
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for all tables

          if( NEVER(pOBExpr==0) ) continue;
          if( (wctrlFlags & (WHERE_GROUPBY|WHERE_DISTINCTBY))==0 ) bOnce = 0;
          if( iColumn>=XN_ROWID ){
            if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN && pOBExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN ) continue;
            if( pOBExpr->iTable!=iCur ) continue;
            if( pOBExpr->iColumn!=iColumn ) continue;
          }else{
            Expr *pIxExpr = pIndex->aColExpr->a[j].pExpr;
            if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pOBExpr, pIxExpr, iCur) ){
              continue;
            }
          }
          if( iColumn!=XN_ROWID ){
            pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
            if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIndex->azColl[j])!=0 ) continue;
          }

/*
** Return the cost of sorting nRow rows, assuming that the keys have
** nOrderby columns and that the first nSorted columns are already in
** order.
*/
static LogEst whereSortingCost(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo, /* Query planning context */
  LogEst nRow,       /* Estimated number of rows to sort */
  int nOrderBy,      /* Number of ORDER BY clause terms */
  int nSorted        /* Number of initial ORDER BY terms naturally in order */
){
  /* Estimated cost of a full external sort, where N is
  ** the number of rows to sort is:
  **
  **   cost = (K * N * log(N)).
  **
  ** Or, if the order-by clause has X terms but only the last Y
  ** terms are out of order, then block-sorting will reduce the
  ** sorting cost to:
  **
  **   cost = (K * N * log(N)) * (Y/X)
  **
  ** The constant K is at least 2.0 but will be larger if there are a
  ** large number of columns to be sorted, as the sorting time is
  ** proportional to the amount of content to be sorted.  The algorithm
  ** does not currently distinguish between fat columns (BLOBs and TEXTs)
  ** and skinny columns (INTs).  It just uses the number of columns as
  ** an approximation for the row width.
  **
  ** And extra factor of 2.0 or 3.0 is added to the sorting cost if the sort
  ** is built using OP_IdxInsert and OP_Sort rather than with OP_SorterInsert.
  */
  LogEst rSortCost, nCol;
  assert( pWInfo->pSelect!=0 );
  assert( pWInfo->pSelect->pEList!=0 );
  /* TUNING: sorting cost proportional to the number of output columns: */
  nCol = sqlite3LogEst((pWInfo->pSelect->pEList->nExpr+59)/30);
  rSortCost = nRow + nCol;
  if( nSorted>0 ){
    /* Scale the result by (Y/X) */
    rSortCost += sqlite3LogEst((nOrderBy-nSorted)*100/nOrderBy) - 66;
  }

  /* Multiple by log(M) where M is the number of output rows.
  ** Use the LIMIT for M if it is smaller.  Or if this sort is for
  ** a DISTINCT operator, M will be the number of distinct output
  ** rows, so fudge it downwards a bit.
  */
  if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_USE_LIMIT)!=0 ){
    rSortCost += 10;       /* TUNING: Extra 2.0x if using LIMIT */
    if( nSorted!=0 ){
      rSortCost += 6;      /* TUNING: Extra 1.5x if also using partial sort */
    }
    if( pWInfo->iLimit<nRow ){
      nRow = pWInfo->iLimit;
    }
  }else if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT) ){
    /* TUNING: In the sort for a DISTINCT operator, assume that the DISTINCT
    ** reduces the number of output rows by a factor of 2 */
    if( nRow>10 ){ nRow -= 10;  assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) ); }
  }
  rSortCost += estLog(nRow);
  return rSortCost;

        }
        if( isOrdered>=0 && isOrdered<nOrderBy ){
          if( aSortCost[isOrdered]==0 ){
            aSortCost[isOrdered] = whereSortingCost(
                pWInfo, nRowEst, nOrderBy, isOrdered
            );
          }
          /* TUNING:  Add a small extra penalty (3) to sorting as an
          ** extra encouragment to the query planner to select a plan
          ** where the rows emerge in the correct order without any sorting
          ** required. */
          rCost = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rUnsorted, aSortCost[isOrdered]) + 3;

          WHERETRACE(0x002,
              ("---- sort cost=%-3d (%d/%d) increases cost %3d to %-3d\n",
               aSortCost[isOrdered], (nOrderBy-isOrdered), nOrderBy,
               rUnsorted, rCost));
        }else{
          rCost = rUnsorted;

      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }
    if( scan.iEquiv>1 ) pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_TRANSCONS;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    pLoop->cId = '0';
#endif
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x02 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("whereShortCut() used to compute solution\n");
    }
#endif
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

         || pTerm->pExpr->w.iJoin!=pItem->iCursor
        ){
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if( pTerm<pEnd ) continue;
    WHERETRACE(0xffffffff, ("-> drop loop %c not used\n", pLoop->cId));
    notReady &= ~pLoop->maskSelf;
    for(pTerm=pWInfo->sWC.a; pTerm<pEnd; pTerm++){
      if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ){
        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
      }
    }
    if( i!=pWInfo->nLevel-1 ){

      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_StatsUsed;
      if( nSearch > pTab->nRowLogEst
       && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStat1)!=0
      ){
        testcase( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT );
        pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_BLOOMFILTER;
        pLoop->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
        WHERETRACE(0xffffffff, (
           "-> use Bloom-filter on loop %c because there are ~%.1e "
           "lookups into %s which has only ~%.1e rows\n",
           pLoop->cId, (double)sqlite3LogEstToInt(nSearch), pTab->zName,
           (double)sqlite3LogEstToInt(pTab->nRowLogEst)));
      }
    }
    nSearch += pLoop->nOut;
  }
}

/*
** This is an sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() callback that is invoked to
** free the Parse->pIdxEpr list when the Parse object is destroyed.
*/
static void whereIndexedExprCleanup(sqlite3 *db, void *pObject){
  Parse *pParse = (Parse*)pObject;
  while( pParse->pIdxEpr!=0 ){
    IndexedExpr *p = pParse->pIdxEpr;
    pParse->pIdxEpr = p->pIENext;
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pExpr);
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
  }
}

/*
** The index pIdx is used by a query and contains one or more expressions.
** In other words pIdx is an index on an expression.  iIdxCur is the cursor
** number for the index and iDataCur is the cursor number for the corresponding
** table.
**
** This routine adds IndexedExpr entries to the Parse->pIdxEpr field for
** each of the expressions in the index so that the expression code generator
** will know to replace occurrences of the indexed expression with
** references to the corresponding column of the index.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereAddIndexedExpr(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Add IndexedExpr entries to pParse->pIdxEpr */
  Index *pIdx,       /* The index-on-expression that contains the expressions */
  int iIdxCur,       /* Cursor number for pIdx */
  SrcItem *pTabItem  /* The FROM clause entry for the table */
){
  int i;
  IndexedExpr *p;
  Table *pTab;

      bMaybeNullRow = 0;
    }else{
      continue;
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ) continue;
    p = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db,  sizeof(IndexedExpr));
    if( p==0 ) break;
    p->pIENext = pParse->pIdxEpr;
    p->pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0);
    p->iDataCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
    p->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
    p->iIdxCol = i;
    p->bMaybeNullRow = bMaybeNullRow;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
    p->zIdxName = pIdx->zName;
#endif
    pParse->pIdxEpr = p;
    if( p->pIENext==0 ){
      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, whereIndexedExprCleanup, pParse);
    }
  }
}

/*

      pWInfo->wctrlFlags |= WHERE_DISTINCTBY;
      pWInfo->pOrderBy = pResultSet;
    }
  }

  /* Construct the WhereLoop objects */
#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0xffffffff ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("*** Optimizer Start *** (wctrlFlags: 0x%x",wctrlFlags);
    if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_USE_LIMIT ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(", limit: %d", iAuxArg);
    }
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(")\n");
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8000 ){
      Select sSelect;
      memset(&sSelect, 0, sizeof(sSelect));
      sSelect.selFlags = SF_WhereBegin;
      sSelect.pSrc = pTabList;
      sSelect.pWhere = pWhere;
      sSelect.pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
      sSelect.pEList = pResultSet;
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, &sSelect, 0);
    }

    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4000 ){ /* Display all WHERE clause terms */
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- WHERE clause at start of analysis:\n");
      sqlite3WhereClausePrint(sWLB.pWC);
    }
  }
#endif

  if( nTabList!=1 || whereShortCut(&sWLB)==0 ){
    rc = whereLoopAddAll(&sWLB);
    if( rc ) goto whereBeginError;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
    /* If one or more WhereTerm.truthProb values were used in estimating
    ** loop parameters, but then those truthProb values were subsequently
    ** changed based on STAT4 information while computing subsequent loops,
    ** then we need to rerun the whole loop building process so that all
    ** loops will be built using the revised truthProb values. */
    if( sWLB.bldFlags2 & SQLITE_BLDF2_2NDPASS ){
      WHERETRACE_ALL_LOOPS(pWInfo, sWLB.pWC);
      WHERETRACE(0xffffffff,
           ("**** Redo all loop computations due to"
            " TERM_HIGHTRUTH changes ****\n"));
      while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
        WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
        pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
        whereLoopDelete(db, p);
      }

  if( pWInfo->nLevel>=2
   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_BloomFilter)
  ){
    whereCheckIfBloomFilterIsUseful(pWInfo);
  }

#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x4000 ){ /* Display all terms of the WHERE clause */
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- WHERE clause at end of analysis:\n");
    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(sWLB.pWC);
  }
  WHERETRACE(0xffffffff,("*** Optimizer Finished ***\n"));
#endif
  pWInfo->pParse->nQueryLoop += pWInfo->nRowOut;

  /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
  ** to use a one-pass algorithm, determine if this is appropriate.
  **
  ** A one-pass approach can be used if the caller has requested one

    ){
      if( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF || !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
        last = iEnd;
      }else{
        last = pWInfo->iEndWhere;
      }
      if( pIdx->bHasExpr ){
        IndexedExpr *p = pParse->pIdxEpr;
        while( p ){
          if( p->iIdxCur==pLevel->iIdxCur ){
            p->iDataCur = -1;
            p->iIdxCur = -1;
          }
          p = p->pIENext;
        }

        sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "0")
      );
    }

    pSub = sqlite3SelectNew(
        pParse, pSublist, pSrc, pWhere, pGroupBy, pHaving, pSort, 0, 0
    );
    TREETRACE(0x40,pParse,pSub,
       ("New window-function subquery in FROM clause of (%u/%p)\n",
       p->selId, p));
    p->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, 0);
    assert( pSub!=0 || p->pSrc==0 ); /* Due to db->mallocFailed test inside
                                     ** of sqlite3DbMallocRawNN() called from
                                     ** sqlite3SrcListAppend() */
    if( p->pSrc ){

      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES ){
      int iNew = *(int*)pArg;
      *(int*)pArg = sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(pBtree);
      if( iNew>=0 && iNew<=255 ){
        sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBtree, 0, iNew, 0);
      }
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE ){
      sqlite3BtreeClearCache(pBtree);
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }else{
      int nSave = db->busyHandler.nBusy;
      rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, op, pArg);
      db->busyHandler.nBusy = nSave;
    }
    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);

      break;
    case 3:            /* pagetype */
      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->zPagetype, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      }
      break;
    case 4:            /* ncell */
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->nCell);
      break;
    case 5:            /* payload */
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->nPayload);
      break;
    case 6:            /* unused */
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->nUnused);
      break;
    case 7:            /* mx_payload */
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->nMxPayload);
      break;
    case 8:            /* pgoffset */
      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iOffset);
      }
      break;
    case 9:            /* pgsize */
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->szPage);
      break;
    case 10: {         /* schema */
      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
      int iDb = pCsr->iDb;
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }

static void fts5SourceIdFunc(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Function call context */
  int nArg,                       /* Number of args */
  sqlite3_value **apUnused        /* Function arguments */
){
  assert( nArg==0 );
  UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2022-12-03 19:04:09 1a61c500add4a2bfe80c0c691d559cfca166dc5f8262651a58da7ec16a51d430", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
}

/*
** Return true if zName is the extension on one of the shadow tables used
** by this module.
*/
static int fts5ShadowName(const char *zName){

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.41.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3041000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2022-12-05 02:52:37 1b779afa3ed2f35a110e460fc6ed13cba744db85b9924149ab028b100d1e1e12"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
** </ul>
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE]]
** If there is currently no transaction open on the database, and the
** database is not a temp db, then this file-control purges the contents
** of the in-memory page cache. If there is an open transaction, or if
** the db is a temp-db, it is a no-op, not an error.
** </ul>
*/
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5

#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42

/* deprecated names */
#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO

** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**










** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Report the internal text encoding state of an sqlite3_value object
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current text encoding
** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
** [sqlite3_value_text(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16be(X)],
** [sqlite3_value_text16le(X)], [sqlite3_value_bytes(X)], or
** [sqlite3_value_bytes16(X)] might change the encoding of the value X and
** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
**
** This routine is intended for used by applications that test and validate
** the SQLite implementation.  This routine is inquiring about the opaque
** internal state of an [sqlite3_value] object.  Ordinary applications should
** not need to know what the internal state of an sqlite3_value object is and
** hence should not need to use this interface.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for