PRLISP.HLP
----------
Picture RLISP is an Algol-like graphics language, for Teleray, HP2648a
and Tektronix, in which graphics Model primitives are combined into
complete Models for display. It is a loadable option (Load PRLISP).
Model primitives include:
P:={x,y,z}; A point (y, and z may be omitted, default to 0)
PS:=P1_ P2_ ... Pn; A Point Set is an ordered set of Points (Polygon)
G := PS1 & PS2 & ... PSn; A Group of Polygons.
Point Set Modifiers alter the interpretation of Point Sets within their scope.
BEZIER() causes the point-set to be interpreted as the specification points
for a BEZIER curve, open pointset.
BSPLINE() does the same for a Bspline curve, closed pointset
TRANSFORMS: Mostly return a transformation matrix
Translation: Move the specified amount along the specified axis.
XMOVE (deltaX) ; YMOVE (deltaY) ; ZMOVE (deltaZ)
MOVE (deltaX, deltaY, deltaZ)
Scale : Scale the Model SCALE (factor)
XSCALE (factor) ; YSCALE (factor) ; ZSCALE (factor)
SCALE1 (x.scale.factor, y.scale.factor, z.scale.factor)
SCALE <Scale factor>. Scale along all axes.
Rotation:
ROT (degrees) ; ROT (degrees, point.specifying.axis)
XROT (degrees) ; YROT (degrees) ; ZROT (degrees)
Window (z.eye,z.screen):
The WINDOW primitives assume that the viewer is located along the z
axis looking in the positive z direction, and that the viewing window is to
be centered on both the x and y axis.
Vwport(leftclip,rightclip,topclip,bottomclip):
The VWPORT, which specifies the region of the screen which is used for
display.
REPEATED (number.of.times, my.transform),
The section of the Model which is contained within the scope of the Repeat
Specification is replicated. Note that REPEATED is intended to duplicate a
sub-image in several different places on the screen; it was not designed
for animation.
Identifiers of other Models,
the Model referenced is
displayed as if it were part of the current Model for dynamic display.
Calls to PictureRLISP Procedures
This Model primitive allows procedure calls to be imbedded within Models.
When the Model interpreter reaches the procedure identifier it calls it,
passing it the portion of the Model below the procedure as an argument.
The current transformation matrix and the current pen position are available
to such procedures as the values of the global identifiers
GLOBAL!.TRANSFORM and HEREPOINT.
If normal procedure call syntax, i.e. proc.name@ (parameters), is used
then the procedure is called at Model-building time, but if only the
procedure's identifier is used then the procedure is imbedded in the Model.
ERASE() Clears the screen and leaves the cursor at the origin.
SHOW (pict) Takes a picture and display it on the screen
ESHOW (pict) Erases the whole screen and display "pict"
HP!.INIT(), TEK!.INIT(), TEL!.INIT()
Initializes the operating system's (TOPS-20) view
of the characteristics of HP2648A terminal, TEKTRONIX 4006-1
(also ADM-3A with Retrographics board, and Teleray-1061
HP!.BUILDP() Picture construction on the screen
For example, the Model
(A _ B _ C & {1,2} _ B) | XROT (30) | 'TRAN ;
%
% PictureRLISP Commands to SHOW lots of Cubes
%
% Outline is a Point Set defining the 20 by 20
% square which will be part of the Cubeface
%
Outline := { 10, 10} _ {-10, 10} _
{-10,-10} _ { 10,-10} _ {10, 10};
% Cubeface will also have an Arrow on it
%
Arrow := {0,-1} _ {0,2} & {-1,1} _ {0,2} _ {1,1};
% We are ready for the Cubeface
Cubeface := (Outline & Arrow) | 'Tranz;
% Note the use of static clustering to keep objects
% meaningful as well as the quoted Cluster
% to the as yet undefined transformation Tranz,
% which will result in its evaluation being
% deferred until SHOW time
% and now define the Cube
Cube := Cubeface
& Cubeface | XROT (180) % 180 degrees
& Cubeface | YROT ( 90)
& Cubeface | YROT (-90)
& Cubeface | XROT ( 90)
& Cubeface | XROT (-90);
% In order to have a more pleasant look at
% the picture shown on the screen we magnify
% cube by 5 times.
BigCube := Cube | SCALE 5;
% Set up initial Z Transform for each cube face
%
Tranz := ZMOVE (10); % 10 units out
%
% GLOBAL!.TRANSFORM has been treated as a global variable.
% GLOBAL!.TRANSFORM should be initialized as a perspective
% transformation matrix so that a viewer can have a correct
% look at the picture as the viewing location changed.
% For instance, it may be set as the desired perspective
% with a perspective window centered at the origin and
% of screen size 60, and the observer at -300 on the z axis.
% Currently this has been set as default perspective transformation.
% Now draw cube
%
SHOW BigCube;
%@hinge
% Draw it again rotated and moved left
%
SHOW (BigCube | XROT 20 | YROT 30 | ZROT 10);
% Dynamically expand the faces out
%
Tranz := ZMOVE 12;
%
SHOW (BigCube | YROT 30 | ZROT 10);
% Now show 5 cubes, each moved further right by 80
%
Tranz := ZMOVE 10;
%
SHOW (Cube | SCALE 2.5 | XMOVE (-240) | REPEATED(5, XMOVE 80));
%
% Now try pointset modifier.
% Given a pointset (polygon) as control points either a BEZIER or a
% BSPLINE curve can be drawn.
%
Cpts := {0,0} _ {70,-60} _ {189,-69} _ {206,33} _ {145,130} _ {48,130}
_ {0,84} $
%
% Now draw Bezier curve
% Show the polygon and the Bezier curve
%
SHOW (Cpts & Cpts | BEZIER());
% Now draw Bspline curve
% Show the polygon and the Bspline curve
%
SHOW (Cpts & Cpts | BSPLINE());
% Now work on the Circle
% Given a center position and a radius a circle will be drawn
%
SHOW ( {10,10} | CIRCLE(50));
%
% Define a procedure which returns a model of
% a Cube when passed the face to be used
%
Symbolic Procedure Buildcube;
List 'Buildcube;
% put the name onto the property list
Put('buildcube, 'pbintrp, 'Dobuildcube);
Symbolic Procedure Dobuildcube Face$
Face & Face | XROT(180)
& Face | YROT(90)
& Face | YROT(-90)
& Face | XROT(90)
& Face | XROT(-90) ;
% just return the value of the one statement
% Use this procedure to display 2 cubes, with and
% without the Arrow - first do it by calling
% Buildcube at time the Model is built
%
P := Cubeface | Buildcube() | XMOVE(-15) &
(Outline | 'Tranz) | Buildcube() | XMOVE 15;
%
SHOW (P | SCALE 5);
% Now define a procedure which returns a Model of
% a cube when passed the half size parameter
Symbolic Procedure Cubemodel;
List 'Cubemodel;
%put the name onto the property list
Put('Cubemodel,'Pbintrp, 'Docubemodel);
Symbolic Procedure Docubemodel HSize;
<< if idp HSize then HSize := eval HSize$
{ HSize, HSize, HSize} _
{-HSize, HSize, HSize} _
{-HSize, -HSize, HSize} _
{ HSize, -HSize, HSize} _
{ HSize, HSize, HSize} _
{ HSize, HSize, -HSize} _
{-HSize, HSize, -HSize} _
{-HSize, -HSize, -HSize} _
{ HSize, -HSize, -HSize} _
{ HSize, HSize, -HSize} &
{-HSize, HSize, -HSize} _
{-HSize, HSize, HSize} &
{-HSize, -HSize, -HSize} _
{-HSize, -HSize, HSize} &
{ HSize, -HSize, -HSize} _
{ HSize, -HSize, HSize} >>;
% Imbed the parameterized cube in some Models
%
His!.cube := 'His!.size | Cubemodel();
Her!.cube := 'Her!.size | Cubemodel();
R := His!.cube | XMOVE (60) &
Her!.cube | XMOVE (-60) ;
% Set up some sizes and SHOW them
His!.size := 50;
Her!.size := 30;
%
SHOW R ;
%
% Set up some different sizes and SHOW them again
%
His!.size := 35;
Her!.size := 60;
%
SHOW R;
%
% Now show a triangle rotated 45 degree about the z axis.
Rotatedtriangle := {0,0} _ {50,50} _
{100,0} _ {0,0} | Zrot (45);
%
SHOW Rotatedtriangle;
%
% Define a procedure which returns a model of a Pyramid
% when passed 4 vertices of a pyramid.
% Procedure Second,Third, Fourth and Fifth are primitive procedures
% written in the source program which return the second, the third,
% the fourth and the fifth element of a list respectively.
% This procedure simply takes 4 points and connects the vertices to
% show a pyramid.
Symbolic Procedure Pyramid (Point4); %.point4 is a pointset
Point4 &
Third Point4 _
Fifth Point4 _
Second Point4 _
Fourth Point4 ;
% Now give a pointset indicating 4 vertices build a pyramid
% and show it
%
My!.vertices := {-40,0} _ {20,-40} _ {90,20} _ {70,100};
My!.pyramid := Pyramid Vertices;
%
SHOW ( My!.pyramid | XROT 30);
%
% A procedure that makes a wheel with "count"
% spokes rotated around the z axis.
% where "count" is the number specified.
Symbolic Procedure Dowheel(spoke,count)$
begin scalar rotatedangle$
count := first count$
rotatedangle := 360.0 / count$
return (spoke | REPEATED(count, ZROT rotatedangle))
end$
%
% Now draw a wheel consisting of 8 cubes
%
Cubeonspoke := (Outline | ZMOVE 10 | SCALE 2) | buildcube();
Eight!.cubes := Cubeonspoke | XMOVE 50 | WHEEL(8);
%
SHOW Eight!.cubes;
%
%Draw a cube where each face consists of just
% a wheel of 8 Outlines
%
Flat!.Spoke := outline | XMOVE 25$
A!.Fancy!.Cube := Flat!.Spoke | WHEEL(8) | ZMOVE 50 | Buildcube()$
%
SHOW A!.Fancy!.Cube;
%
% Redraw the fancy cube, after changing perspective by
% moving the observer farther out along Z axis
%
GLOBAL!.TRANSFORM := WINDOW(-500,60);
%
SHOW A!.Fancy!.Cube;
%
% Note the flexibility resulting from the fact that
% both Buildcube and Wheel simply take or return any
% Model as their argument or value
How to Run PictureRLISP on HP2648A and TEKTRONIX 4006-1
computer display terminal
The current version of PictureRLISP runs on HP2648A graphics terminal and
TEKTRONIX 4006-1 computer display terminal. The screen of the HP terminal
is 720 units long in the X direction, and 360 units high in the Y
direction. The coordinate system used in HP terminal places the origin in
approximately the center of the screen, and uses a domain of -360 to 360
and a range of -180 to 180. Similarly, the screen of the TEKTRONIX
terminal is 1024 units long in the X direction, and 780 units high in the Y
direction. The same origin is used but the domain is -512 to 512 in the X
direction and the range is -390 to 390 in the Y direction.
Procedures HP!.INIT and TEK!.INIT were used to set the terminals to graph
mode and initiate the lower level procedures on HP and TEKTRONIX terminals
respectively. Basically, INIT procedures were written for different
terminals depending on their specific characteristics. Using INIT
procedures keeps terminal device dependence at the user's level to a
mininum.