@@ -1,81 +1,81 @@ -This manual describes the REDUCE symbolic mathematics system. REDUCE has -two modes of operation: the algebraic mode, which deals with polynomials -and mathematical functions in a simple procedural syntax, and the symbolic -mode, which allows Lisp-like syntax and operations. The commands, -declarations, switches and operators available in algebraic-mode REDUCE -are arranged in this manual in alphabetical order. Symbols are listed -before the letter A. - -Following the general alphabetical reference section is a similar -reference section for the High-Energy Physics operators. After that, you -can find several cross-reference sections. The first section contains -lists of reserved words and an Instant Function Cross-Reference. Next you -will find brief explanations of the common REDUCE error messages. The -next section is organized by type into Commands, Declarations, Operators, -Switches and Variables, with a brief listing for each operation. - -For a general introduction to using algebraic-mode REDUCE, see the {\em -REDUCE User's Guide}, which also contains information on symbolic mode. -The {\em The Standard Lisp Report} is a technical reference on REDUCE's -Lisp language. - -The following symbols are used to describe syntax in this manual: - -\begin{verbatim} -This font means you must type an item exactly as you see it. -\end{verbatim} - -{\em This font indicates a descriptive name for a type of REDUCE expression. -You may choose any REDUCE expression of the appropriate type.} - -\begin{description} -\item[\meta{\{\}}] -Braces surround an item or set of items that may be followed by an -asterisk or plus. Do not type the braces. - -\item[\meta{*}] -An italic asterisk indicates that the preceding item may be repeated zero or -more times. Do not type the asterisk. It does not indicate multiplication. - -\item[\meta{+}] -An italic plus indicates that the preceding item must appear once, and may be -repeated one or more times. Do not type the plus. It does not indicate -addition. - -\item[\meta{\&option(...)}] -\meta{\&option} indicates that the parameters that follow are optional. -\meta{\&options} indicates that options are available and explained in the -text below the command line. \meta{\&option(s)} is not to be typed. -\end{description} - -The switch settings for REDUCE in the examples in this manual are assumed to -be the default settings, unless specifically given otherwise. See the -cross-reference section \meta{Switches} in the back of this volume. - -The examples in this manual should exactly reproduce the results you get -by typing in the statements given. Any non-default switch settings are -shown. Be sure that the variables or operators used have no prior definition -by using the \name{clear} command. The numbered line prompts have generally -been left out. You can find executable files of all the examples shown here -in your \name{\$reduce/refex} directory, named alphabetically. If you are -working your way through this manual, you can run the examples as you go by -starting a new REDUCE session, and entering the command, for example: -\begin{verbatim} -in "$reduce/refex/a-ex"; -\end{verbatim} -There are numerous pauses in the files so that you can enter your own -examples and commands. If you change any switch settings or assign values -to variables in one of the pauses, make sure to restore everything to its -original state before you continue the file (see the entry under \name{CLEAR} -if you need help in clearing variables and operators). - -REDUCE converts all input to upper case, and all its responses are in upper -case. You can type input in upper case, lower case, or mixed, as you wish. -In the examples, the input is lower case, and REDUCE's responses are shown in -upper case. This protocol makes it easy to distinguish input from results. -You can tell whether you are in algebraic or symbolic mode by looking at the -numbered prompt statement REDUCE gives you: the algebraic prompt contains -a colon (\name{:}), while the symbolic prompt contains an asterisk (\name{*}). - - - +This manual describes the REDUCE symbolic mathematics system. REDUCE has +two modes of operation: the algebraic mode, which deals with polynomials +and mathematical functions in a simple procedural syntax, and the symbolic +mode, which allows Lisp-like syntax and operations. The commands, +declarations, switches and operators available in algebraic-mode REDUCE +are arranged in this manual in alphabetical order. Symbols are listed +before the letter A. + +Following the general alphabetical reference section is a similar +reference section for the High-Energy Physics operators. After that, you +can find several cross-reference sections. The first section contains +lists of reserved words and an Instant Function Cross-Reference. Next you +will find brief explanations of the common REDUCE error messages. The +next section is organized by type into Commands, Declarations, Operators, +Switches and Variables, with a brief listing for each operation. + +For a general introduction to using algebraic-mode REDUCE, see the {\em +REDUCE User's Guide}, which also contains information on symbolic mode. +The {\em The Standard Lisp Report} is a technical reference on REDUCE's +Lisp language. + +The following symbols are used to describe syntax in this manual: + +\begin{verbatim} +This font means you must type an item exactly as you see it. +\end{verbatim} + +{\em This font indicates a descriptive name for a type of REDUCE expression. +You may choose any REDUCE expression of the appropriate type.} + +\begin{description} +\item[\meta{\{\}}] +Braces surround an item or set of items that may be followed by an +asterisk or plus. Do not type the braces. + +\item[\meta{*}] +An italic asterisk indicates that the preceding item may be repeated zero or +more times. Do not type the asterisk. It does not indicate multiplication. + +\item[\meta{+}] +An italic plus indicates that the preceding item must appear once, and may be +repeated one or more times. Do not type the plus. It does not indicate +addition. + +\item[\meta{\&option(...)}] +\meta{\&option} indicates that the parameters that follow are optional. +\meta{\&options} indicates that options are available and explained in the +text below the command line. \meta{\&option(s)} is not to be typed. +\end{description} + +The switch settings for REDUCE in the examples in this manual are assumed to +be the default settings, unless specifically given otherwise. See the +cross-reference section \meta{Switches} in the back of this volume. + +The examples in this manual should exactly reproduce the results you get +by typing in the statements given. Any non-default switch settings are +shown. Be sure that the variables or operators used have no prior definition +by using the \name{clear} command. The numbered line prompts have generally +been left out. You can find executable files of all the examples shown here +in your \name{\$reduce/refex} directory, named alphabetically. If you are +working your way through this manual, you can run the examples as you go by +starting a new REDUCE session, and entering the command, for example: +\begin{verbatim} +in "$reduce/refex/a-ex"; +\end{verbatim} +There are numerous pauses in the files so that you can enter your own +examples and commands. If you change any switch settings or assign values +to variables in one of the pauses, make sure to restore everything to its +original state before you continue the file (see the entry under \name{CLEAR} +if you need help in clearing variables and operators). + +REDUCE converts all input to upper case, and all its responses are in upper +case. You can type input in upper case, lower case, or mixed, as you wish. +In the examples, the input is lower case, and REDUCE's responses are shown in +upper case. This protocol makes it easy to distinguish input from results. +You can tell whether you are in algebraic or symbolic mode by looking at the +numbered prompt statement REDUCE gives you: the algebraic prompt contains +a colon (\name{:}), while the symbolic prompt contains an asterisk (\name{*}). + + +