@@ -1,1408 +1,1408 @@ -REDUCE 3.6, 15-Jul-95, patched to 6 Mar 96 ... - - -load_package crackapp; - - % Needed for these tests. - -% Initial load up list -off echo$ - -.......................................................................... -An example of the determination of point symmetries for ODEs - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -This is LIEPDE - a program for calculating infinitesimal symmetries -of single ODEs/PDEs and ODE/PDE - systems - -The ODE/PDE (-system) under investigation is : - - 4 3 2 -0 = df(y,x,2)*x - df(y,x)*x - 2*df(y,x)*x*y + 4*y - -for the function(s) : - -y(x) - - -time to formulate conditions: 190 ms GC time : 0 ms - -This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations -Version 1995-03-20 -************************************************************************** - -equations: expr. with 21 terms - -functions: eta_y(y,x) xi_x(y,x) -separation w.r.t. y|1 -new function: c1(x) -new function: c2(x) -integrated equation : -0=c1 + c2*y + xi_x - - -separation yields 4 equations -substitution : -xi_x= - c1 - c2*y - -eta_y(y,x) -xi_x= - c1 - c2*y - - -new function: c3(x) -new function: c4(x) -new function: c5(x) -new function: c6(x) -integrated equation : - 3 2 2 2 3 3 -0=3*df(c2,x)*x *y + 3*c2*x *y + 2*c2*y + 3*c5 + 3*c6*y + 3*eta_y*x - - -substitution : - 3 2 2 2 3 - - 3*df(c2,x)*x *y - 3*c2*x *y - 2*c2*y - 3*c5 - 3*c6*y -eta_y=------------------------------------------------------------ - 3 - 3*x - - - 3 2 2 2 3 - - 3*df(c2,x)*x *y - 3*c2*x *y - 2*c2*y - 3*c5 - 3*c6*y -eta_y=------------------------------------------------------------ - 3 - 3*x - - -xi_x= - c1 - c2*y - - -separation w.r.t. y -separation yields 4 equations -substitution : -c2=0 - - - - c5 - c6*y -eta_y=-------------- - 3 - x - - -xi_x= - c1 - - -substitution : - 3 2 -c6= - df(c1,x)*x + 3*c1*x - - - 3 2 - df(c1,x)*x *y - 3*c1*x *y - c5 -eta_y=-------------------------------- - 3 - x - - -xi_x= - c1 - - -substitution : - 6 5 4 - - 3*df(c1,x,2)*x + 5*df(c1,x)*x - 5*c1*x -c5=---------------------------------------------- - 2 - - - 4 3 2 - 3*df(c1,x,2)*x - 5*df(c1,x)*x + 2*df(c1,x)*x*y + 5*c1*x - 6*c1*y -eta_y=--------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2*x - - -xi_x= - c1 - - -separation w.r.t. y -new constant: c7 -new constant: c8 -integrated equation : -0=log(x)*c8*x - c1 + c7*x - - -new constant: c9 -new constant: c10 -new constant: c11 -integrated equation : - 3 -0=log(x)*c10*x - c1 + c11*x + c9*x - - -new constant: c12 -new constant: c13 -new constant: c14 -new constant: c15 -integrated equation : - 2/3 2 2 2 -0=x *c14*x + log(x)*c13*x - c1*x + c12*x + c15 - - -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -c1=log(x)*c8*x + c7*x - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -separation w.r.t. x -linear independent expressions : -x*log(x) - - - 3 -x - - -x - - -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -c11=0 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -separation w.r.t. x -linear independent expressions : - 2 2/3 -x *x - - - 2 -x *log(x) - - - 2 -x - - -1 - - -separation yields 4 equations -substitution : -c14=0 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -substitution : -c15=0 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -substitution : -c12=c7 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -substitution : -c13=c8 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -substitution : -c10=c8 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -substitution : -c9=c7 - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - -End of this CRACK run - -The solution : -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - -Free functions or constants : c7 c8 -************************************************************************** - - -CRACK needed : 2080 ms GC time : 250 ms - - -Remaining free functions after the last CRACK-run: -c7 c8 - - -The symmetries are: - -xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x - - 2 -eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y - -with c7 c8 which are free. -.......................................................................... -An example of the determination of point symmetries for PDEs - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -This is LIEPDE - a program for calculating infinitesimal symmetries -of single ODEs/PDEs and ODE/PDE - systems - -The ODE/PDE (-system) under investigation is : - -0 = df(u,x,2) - df(u,y) - -for the function(s) : - -u(y,x) - - -time to formulate conditions: 170 ms GC time : 0 ms - -This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations -Version 1995-03-20 -************************************************************************** - -equations: -0= - 2*df(xi_y,u)*u|1 - 2*df(xi_y,x) - - -functions: eta_u(u,y,x) xi_y(u,y,x) xi_x(u,y,x) -separation w.r.t. u|1 -new function: c18(u,y) -new function: c19(u,y) -integrated equation : -0=c19 + xi_y - - -new function: c20(y,x) -new function: c21(y,x) -integrated equation : -0=c21 + xi_y - - -separation yields 2 equations -substitution : -xi_y= - c21 - -eta_u(u,y,x) -xi_y= - c21 - -xi_x(u,y,x) -generalized separation -new function: c22(y) -new function: c23(y) -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -c21=c22 - -eta_u(u,y,x) -xi_y= - c22 - -xi_x(u,y,x) -substitution : -c19=c22 - -eta_u(u,y,x) -xi_y= - c22 - -xi_x(u,y,x) -substitution : -c22= - c23 - -eta_u(u,y,x) -xi_y=c23 - -xi_x(u,y,x) -End of this CRACK run - -The solution : -xi_y=c23 - -Free functions or constants : xi_x(u,y,x) eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) -************************************************************************** - - -CRACK needed : 120 ms GC time : 0 ms - - -Remaining free functions after the last CRACK-run: -xi_x(u,y,x) eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) - - -time to formulate conditions: 100 ms GC time : 0 ms - -This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations -Version 1995-03-20 -************************************************************************** - -equations: expr. with 12 terms - -functions: xi_x(u,y,x) eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) -separation w.r.t. u|1 -separation w.r.t. u|2 -separation w.r.t. u|2 -new function: c24(y,x) -new function: c25(y,x) -new function: c26(y,x) -new function: c27(y,x) -integrated equation : -0=c26 + c27*u + xi_x - - -new function: c28(y,x) -integrated equation : -0=df(eta_u,u) - 2*df(xi_x,x) + c28 - - -new function: c29(y,x) -new function: c30(y,x) -integrated equation : -0=c30 + xi_x - - -new function: c31(u,y) -new function: c32(u,y) -integrated equation : -0=df(c23,y)*x + c32 - 2*xi_x - - -separation yields 6 equations -substitution : -xi_x= - c30 - - -xi_x= - c30 - -eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) -generalized separation -new function: c33(y) -new function: c34(y) -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -c32= - c34 - - -xi_x= - c30 - -eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) -substitution : - - df(c23,y)*x + c34 -c30=---------------------- - 2 - - - df(c23,y)*x - c34 -xi_x=------------------- - 2 - -eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) -substitution : -c33= - c34 - - - df(c23,y)*x - c34 -xi_x=------------------- - 2 - -eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) -new function: c35(x,y) -new function: c36(x,y) -integrated equation : -0=df(c23,y)*u - c28*u + c36 - eta_u - - -substitution : -eta_u=df(c23,y)*u - c28*u + c36 - - - df(c23,y)*x - c34 -xi_x=------------------- - 2 - - -eta_u=df(c23,y)*u - c28*u + c36 - -c23(y) -new function: c37(y) -new function: c38(y) -integrated equation : - 2 -0=df(c23,y,2)*x - 2*df(c34,y)*x - 8*c28 + 2*c38 - - -substitution : - 2 - df(c23,y,2)*x - 2*df(c34,y)*x + 2*c38 -c28=---------------------------------------- - 8 - - - df(c23,y)*x - c34 -xi_x=------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 2*df(c34,y)*u*x + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u -eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - -c23(y) -separation w.r.t. u -separation yields 2 equations -substitution : -c27=0 - - - df(c23,y)*x - c34 -xi_x=------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 2*df(c34,y)*u*x + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u -eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - -c23(y) -separation w.r.t. u -separation w.r.t. x -new constant: c39 -new constant: c40 -new constant: c41 -new constant: c42 -new constant: c43 -new constant: c44 -integrated equation : - 2 -0=2*c23 + 2*c42 + c43*y + 2*c44*y - - -new constant: c45 -new constant: c46 -new constant: c47 -new constant: c48 -integrated equation : -0=c34 + c47 + c48*y - - -new constant: c49 -integrated equation : -0=5*df(c23,y) - c38 + c49 - - -separation yields 4 equations -substitution : -c34= - c47 - c48*y - - - df(c23,y)*x + c47 + c48*y -xi_x=--------------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u - 2*c48*u*x -eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - -c23(y) -substitution : - - df(c23,y)*x - c47 - c48*y -c26=------------------------------ - 2 - - - df(c23,y)*x + c47 + c48*y -xi_x=--------------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u - 2*c48*u*x -eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - -c23(y) -substitution : - 2 - - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y -c23=----------------------------- - 2 - - - - c43*x*y - c44*x + c47 + c48*y -xi_x=---------------------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - 8*c36 - 2*c38*u + c43*u*x - 8*c43*u*y - 8*c44*u - 2*c48*u*x -eta_u=-------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - - - 2 - - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y -c23=----------------------------- - 2 - - -substitution : -c38= - 5*c43*y - 5*c44 + c49 - - - - c43*x*y - c44*x + c47 + c48*y -xi_x=---------------------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - 8*c36 + c43*u*x + 2*c43*u*y + 2*c44*u - 2*c48*u*x - 2*c49*u -eta_u=-------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - - - 2 - - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y -c23=----------------------------- - 2 - - -decoupling: -c36 - - -new equations: -End of this CRACK run - -The solution : - 2 - - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y -c23=----------------------------- - 2 - - - 2 - 8*c36 + c43*u*x + 2*c43*u*y + 2*c44*u - 2*c48*u*x - 2*c49*u -eta_u=-------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - - - - c43*x*y - c44*x + c47 + c48*y -xi_x=---------------------------------- - 2 - -Remaining conditions : -0=df(c36,x,2) - df(c36,y) - -for the functions : c42 c47 c48 c43 c44 -c49 c36(x,y) -************************************************************************** - - -CRACK needed : 980 ms GC time : 110 ms - - -Remaining free functions after the last CRACK-run: -c42 c47 c48 c43 c44 -c49 c36(x,y) - - -Free constants and/or functions have been rescaled. - -The symmetries are: - -xi_x= - 4*c43*x*y - 2*c44*x + c47 + 2*c48*y - - 2 -xi_y= - c42 - 4*c43*y - 4*c44*y - - 2 -eta_u=c36 + c43*u*x + 2*c43*u*y + c44*u - c48*u*x - c49*u - -with c42 c47 c48 c43 c44 -c49 c36(x,y) -which still have to satisfy: - -0=df(c36,x,2) - df(c36,y) - -.......................................................................... -An example of the determination of first integrals of ODEs - - -Determination of a first integral for: - - 2 2 2 - df(y,x) *x - 2*df(y,x) - y -df(y,x,2)=------------------------------ - x - -new function: h_0(y,x) -new function: h_1(y,x) -new function: h_2(y,x) - 2 -of the type: df(y,x) *h_2 + df(y,x)*h_1 + h_0 - -This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations -Version 1995-03-20 -************************************************************************** - -equations: expr. with 13 terms - -functions: h_2(y,x) h_1(y,x) h_0(y,x) -separation w.r.t. d_y(1) -new function: c50(x) -integrated equation : - 2*x*y -0=e *h_2 - c50 - - -separation yields 4 equations -substitution : - c50 -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - c50 -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - -h_1(y,x) h_0(y,x) -substitution : - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - - - c50 -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -new function: c51(x) -integrated equation : - 2 2*x*y 3 x*y 3 2 3 2 -0=df(c50,x)*x*y - e *df(h_0,x)*x + e *c51*x *y - 2*c50*x*y - 6*c50*y - - -decoupling: -h_0 - - -new equations: expr. with 10 terms -with leading derivative (df h_0 x 3) replaces a de with (df h_0 y) -expr. with 20 terms -with leading derivative (df h_0 x 2) replaces a de with (df h_0 x 3) -expr. with 17 terms -with leading derivative (df h_0 x) replaces a de with (df h_0 x 2) - -equations: expr. with 13 terms - - 2*x*y 2 2*x*y 2*x*y 2 4 -0=e *df(h_0,x,2)*x - e *df(h_0,x)*x + e *df(h_0,y)*x*y - 2*c50*y - - - 2 2*x*y 3 x*y 3 2 3 2 -0=df(c50,x)*x*y - e *df(h_0,x)*x + e *c51*x *y - 2*c50*x*y - 6*c50*y - - -functions: - c50 -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) c51(x) c50(x) -separation w.r.t. y -linear independent expressions : -1 - - -y - - - 2 -y - - - x*y -e - - - x*y -y*e - - -new constant: c52 -integrated equation : -0=c51 - c52*x - - -new constant: c53 -new constant: c54 -integrated equation : -0=c51 + c53 + c54*x - - -new constant: c55 -integrated equation : - 4 -0=c50 - c55*x - - -new constant: c56 -new constant: c57 -integrated equation : - 4 4 -0=log(x)*c57*x - c50 + c56*x - - -new constant: c58 -new constant: c59 -new constant: c60 -integrated equation : - 6 4 3 -0=c50 - c58*x - c59*x - c60*x - - -separation yields 5 equations -substitution : -c51=c52*x - - - c50 -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -separation w.r.t. x -separation yields 2 equations -substitution : -c53=0 - - - c50 -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -substitution : - 4 -c50=c55*x - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -separation w.r.t. x -linear independent expressions : - 4 -x *log(x) - - - 4 -x - - -separation yields 2 equations -substitution : -c57=0 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -new function: c61(y) -substitution : -c56=c55 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -substitution : -c54= - c52 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -separation w.r.t. x -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -c60=0 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -substitution : -c58=0 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -substitution : -c59=c55 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - df(h_0,x)*x -h_1=------------- - 2 - y - -h_0(y,x) -decoupling: -h_0 - - -new equations: -new function: c62(y) -new function: c63(y) -new function: c64(y) -new function: c65(y) -integrated equation : expr. with 10 terms - -substitution : - 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y -h_0=(e *sqrt(2)*c62 - 2*e *c65*y - - sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y - - 2*e *c52*x*y - 2*e *c52*y - - sqrt(2)*x*y 2 3 sqrt(2)*x*y 2 - + 2*e *c55*x *y + 4*e *c55*x*y - - sqrt(2)*x*y 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y - + 2*e *c55*y - e *sqrt(2)*c63)/(2*e *y) - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 2 -h_1=(e *c62*x + e *c52*x *y - - sqrt(2)*x*y 3 3 sqrt(2)*x*y 2 2 2*x*y - - 2*e *c55*x *y - 2*e *c55*x *y + e *c63*x)/( - - sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2 - e *y ) - - -h_0= expr. with 9 terms - -equations: - 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2*x*y - e *c62 + e *c63 -0=----------------------------------------- - sqrt(2)*x*y - e - -expr. with 12 terms - -functions: - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 2 -h_1=(e *c62*x + e *c52*x *y - - sqrt(2)*x*y 3 3 sqrt(2)*x*y 2 2 2*x*y - - 2*e *c55*x *y - 2*e *c55*x *y + e *c63*x)/( - - sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2 - e *y ) - - -h_0= expr. with 9 terms -c62(y) c63(y) c65(y) -separation w.r.t. x -linear independent expressions : - 2*x*y + 2*sqrt(2)*x*y -e - - - 2*x*y -e - - -separation yields 2 equations -substitution : -c62=0 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 2 sqrt(2)*x*y 3 3 -h_1=(e *c52*x *y - 2*e *c55*x *y - - sqrt(2)*x*y 2 2 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2 - - 2*e *c55*x *y + e *c63*x)/(e *y ) - - - sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 -h_0=( - 2*e *c65*y - 2*e *c52*x*y - - sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y sqrt(2)*x*y 2 3 - - 2*e *c52*y + 2*e *c55*x *y - - sqrt(2)*x*y 2 sqrt(2)*x*y 2*x*y - + 4*e *c55*x*y + 2*e *c55*y - e *sqrt(2)*c63)/(2 - - sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y - *e *y) - - -substitution : -c63=0 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - x*y 2 3 2 - e *c52*x - 2*c55*x *y - 2*c55*x -h_1=------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - - - 2*x*y x*y x*y 2 2 - - e *c65 - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55 -h_0=----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - - -new constant: c66 -integrated equation : -0=c65 + c66 - - -substitution : -c65= - c66 - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - - - x*y 2 3 2 - e *c52*x - 2*c55*x *y - 2*c55*x -h_1=------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - - - 2*x*y x*y x*y 2 2 - e *c66 - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55 -h_0=-------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - - -End of this CRACK run - -The solution : - 2*x*y x*y x*y 2 2 - e *c66 - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55 -h_0=-------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - - - x*y 2 3 2 - e *c52*x - 2*c55*x *y - 2*c55*x -h_1=------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - - - 4 - c55*x -h_2=-------- - 2*x*y - e - -Free functions or constants : c52 c55 c66 -************************************************************************** - - -CRACK needed : 8530 ms GC time : 570 ms - 2 4 x*y 2 -A first integral is: (df(y,x) *c55*x + e *df(y,x)*c52*x - - 3 2 x*y x*y - - 2*df(y,x)*c55*x *y - 2*df(y,x)*c55*x - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 - - 2 2 2*x*y - + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55)/e - -and an integrating factor: - - 2 2 x*y - x *(2*df(y,x)*c55*x + e *c52 - 2*c55*x*y - 2*c55) ------------------------------------------------------- - 2*x*y - e - -free constants: c52 c55 -.......................................................................... -An example of the determination of a Lagrangian for an ODE -Determination of a Lagrangian L for: - - 2 -df(y,x,2)=x + 6*y - - 2 -The ansatz: L = df(y,x) *u_ + v_ - -This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations -Version 1995-03-20 -************************************************************************** - -equations: - 2 2 -0= - d_y(1) *df(u_,y) - 2*d_y(1)*df(u_,x) + df(v_,y) - 2*u_*x - 12*u_*y - - -functions: u_(y,x) v_(y,x) -separation w.r.t. d_y(1) -new function: c67(y) -new function: c68(y) -integrated equation : -0=c68 + u_ - - -new function: c69(x) -new function: c70(x) -integrated equation : -0=c70 + u_ - - -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -u_= - c70 - - -u_= - c70 - -v_(y,x) -generalized separation -new constant: c71 -new constant: c72 -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -c68= - c71 - - -u_= - c70 - -v_(y,x) -substitution : -c70= - c71 - - -u_=c71 - -v_(y,x) -substitution : -c71= - c72 - - -u_= - c72 - -v_(y,x) -new function: c73(x) -new function: c74(x) -integrated equation : - 3 -0=2*c72*x*y + 4*c72*y + c74 + v_ - - -substitution : - 3 -v_= - 2*c72*x*y - 4*c72*y - c74 - - -u_= - c72 - - - 3 -v_= - 2*c72*x*y - 4*c72*y - c74 - - -End of this CRACK run - -The solution : - 3 -v_= - 2*c72*x*y - 4*c72*y - c74 - - -u_= - c72 - -Free functions or constants : c74(x) c72 -************************************************************************** - - -CRACK needed : 240 ms GC time : 0 ms - 2 2 -The solution: L = - (2*(x + 2*y )*y + df(y,x) ) -.......................................................................... -An example of the factorization of an ODE -Differential factorization of: - - 2 2 - df(y,x) - df(y,x)*f*y - q*y -df(y,x,2)=------------------------------- - y - -The ansatz: df(y,x) = a#*y + b# - -This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations -Version 1995-03-20 -************************************************************************** - -equations: - 2 2 2 2 -0=df(a#,x)*y + df(b#,x)*y - a#*b#*y + a#*f*y - b# + b#*f*y + q*y - - -functions: a#(x) b#(x) -separation w.r.t. y -new constant: c75 -integrated equation : - int(f,x) int(f,x) -0=e *a# + int(e *q,x) - c75 - - -separation yields 3 equations -substitution : -b#=0 - -a#(x) -b#=0 - - -substitution : - int(f,x) - - int(e *q,x) + c75 -a#=----------------------------- - int(f,x) - e - - - int(f,x) - - int(e *q,x) + c75 -a#=----------------------------- - int(f,x) - e - - -b#=0 - - -End of this CRACK run - -The solution : -b#=0 - - - int(f,x) - - int(e *q,x) + c75 -a#=----------------------------- - int(f,x) - e - -Free functions or constants : c75 -************************************************************************** - - -CRACK needed : 530 ms GC time : 0 ms - int(f,x) - int(1/e ,x)*c75 - e *c76 -The solution y=-------------------------------------- - int(f,x) int(f,x) - int(int(e *q,x)/e ,x) - e - -is the general solution of the original ODE -(TIME: crack 23309 24969) +REDUCE 3.6, 15-Jul-95, patched to 6 Mar 96 ... + + +load_package crackapp; + + % Needed for these tests. + +% Initial load up list +off echo$ + +.......................................................................... +An example of the determination of point symmetries for ODEs + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +This is LIEPDE - a program for calculating infinitesimal symmetries +of single ODEs/PDEs and ODE/PDE - systems + +The ODE/PDE (-system) under investigation is : + + 4 3 2 +0 = df(y,x,2)*x - df(y,x)*x - 2*df(y,x)*x*y + 4*y + +for the function(s) : + +y(x) + + +time to formulate conditions: 190 ms GC time : 0 ms + +This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations +Version 1995-03-20 +************************************************************************** + +equations: expr. with 21 terms + +functions: eta_y(y,x) xi_x(y,x) +separation w.r.t. y|1 +new function: c1(x) +new function: c2(x) +integrated equation : +0=c1 + c2*y + xi_x + + +separation yields 4 equations +substitution : +xi_x= - c1 - c2*y + +eta_y(y,x) +xi_x= - c1 - c2*y + + +new function: c3(x) +new function: c4(x) +new function: c5(x) +new function: c6(x) +integrated equation : + 3 2 2 2 3 3 +0=3*df(c2,x)*x *y + 3*c2*x *y + 2*c2*y + 3*c5 + 3*c6*y + 3*eta_y*x + + +substitution : + 3 2 2 2 3 + - 3*df(c2,x)*x *y - 3*c2*x *y - 2*c2*y - 3*c5 - 3*c6*y +eta_y=------------------------------------------------------------ + 3 + 3*x + + + 3 2 2 2 3 + - 3*df(c2,x)*x *y - 3*c2*x *y - 2*c2*y - 3*c5 - 3*c6*y +eta_y=------------------------------------------------------------ + 3 + 3*x + + +xi_x= - c1 - c2*y + + +separation w.r.t. y +separation yields 4 equations +substitution : +c2=0 + + + - c5 - c6*y +eta_y=-------------- + 3 + x + + +xi_x= - c1 + + +substitution : + 3 2 +c6= - df(c1,x)*x + 3*c1*x + + + 3 2 + df(c1,x)*x *y - 3*c1*x *y - c5 +eta_y=-------------------------------- + 3 + x + + +xi_x= - c1 + + +substitution : + 6 5 4 + - 3*df(c1,x,2)*x + 5*df(c1,x)*x - 5*c1*x +c5=---------------------------------------------- + 2 + + + 4 3 2 + 3*df(c1,x,2)*x - 5*df(c1,x)*x + 2*df(c1,x)*x*y + 5*c1*x - 6*c1*y +eta_y=--------------------------------------------------------------------- + 2*x + + +xi_x= - c1 + + +separation w.r.t. y +new constant: c7 +new constant: c8 +integrated equation : +0=log(x)*c8*x - c1 + c7*x + + +new constant: c9 +new constant: c10 +new constant: c11 +integrated equation : + 3 +0=log(x)*c10*x - c1 + c11*x + c9*x + + +new constant: c12 +new constant: c13 +new constant: c14 +new constant: c15 +integrated equation : + 2/3 2 2 2 +0=x *c14*x + log(x)*c13*x - c1*x + c12*x + c15 + + +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +c1=log(x)*c8*x + c7*x + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +separation w.r.t. x +linear independent expressions : +x*log(x) + + + 3 +x + + +x + + +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +c11=0 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +separation w.r.t. x +linear independent expressions : + 2 2/3 +x *x + + + 2 +x *log(x) + + + 2 +x + + +1 + + +separation yields 4 equations +substitution : +c14=0 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +substitution : +c15=0 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +substitution : +c12=c7 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +substitution : +c13=c8 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +substitution : +c10=c8 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +substitution : +c9=c7 + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + +End of this CRACK run + +The solution : +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + +Free functions or constants : c7 c8 +************************************************************************** + + +CRACK needed : 2080 ms GC time : 250 ms + + +Remaining free functions after the last CRACK-run: +c7 c8 + + +The symmetries are: + +xi_x= - log(x)*c8*x - c7*x + + 2 +eta_y= - 2*log(x)*c8*y - 2*c7*y - c8*x + c8*y + +with c7 c8 which are free. +.......................................................................... +An example of the determination of point symmetries for PDEs + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +This is LIEPDE - a program for calculating infinitesimal symmetries +of single ODEs/PDEs and ODE/PDE - systems + +The ODE/PDE (-system) under investigation is : + +0 = df(u,x,2) - df(u,y) + +for the function(s) : + +u(y,x) + + +time to formulate conditions: 170 ms GC time : 0 ms + +This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations +Version 1995-03-20 +************************************************************************** + +equations: +0= - 2*df(xi_y,u)*u|1 - 2*df(xi_y,x) + + +functions: eta_u(u,y,x) xi_y(u,y,x) xi_x(u,y,x) +separation w.r.t. u|1 +new function: c18(u,y) +new function: c19(u,y) +integrated equation : +0=c19 + xi_y + + +new function: c20(y,x) +new function: c21(y,x) +integrated equation : +0=c21 + xi_y + + +separation yields 2 equations +substitution : +xi_y= - c21 + +eta_u(u,y,x) +xi_y= - c21 + +xi_x(u,y,x) +generalized separation +new function: c22(y) +new function: c23(y) +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +c21=c22 + +eta_u(u,y,x) +xi_y= - c22 + +xi_x(u,y,x) +substitution : +c19=c22 + +eta_u(u,y,x) +xi_y= - c22 + +xi_x(u,y,x) +substitution : +c22= - c23 + +eta_u(u,y,x) +xi_y=c23 + +xi_x(u,y,x) +End of this CRACK run + +The solution : +xi_y=c23 + +Free functions or constants : xi_x(u,y,x) eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) +************************************************************************** + + +CRACK needed : 120 ms GC time : 0 ms + + +Remaining free functions after the last CRACK-run: +xi_x(u,y,x) eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) + + +time to formulate conditions: 100 ms GC time : 0 ms + +This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations +Version 1995-03-20 +************************************************************************** + +equations: expr. with 12 terms + +functions: xi_x(u,y,x) eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) +separation w.r.t. u|1 +separation w.r.t. u|2 +separation w.r.t. u|2 +new function: c24(y,x) +new function: c25(y,x) +new function: c26(y,x) +new function: c27(y,x) +integrated equation : +0=c26 + c27*u + xi_x + + +new function: c28(y,x) +integrated equation : +0=df(eta_u,u) - 2*df(xi_x,x) + c28 + + +new function: c29(y,x) +new function: c30(y,x) +integrated equation : +0=c30 + xi_x + + +new function: c31(u,y) +new function: c32(u,y) +integrated equation : +0=df(c23,y)*x + c32 - 2*xi_x + + +separation yields 6 equations +substitution : +xi_x= - c30 + + +xi_x= - c30 + +eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) +generalized separation +new function: c33(y) +new function: c34(y) +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +c32= - c34 + + +xi_x= - c30 + +eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) +substitution : + - df(c23,y)*x + c34 +c30=---------------------- + 2 + + + df(c23,y)*x - c34 +xi_x=------------------- + 2 + +eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) +substitution : +c33= - c34 + + + df(c23,y)*x - c34 +xi_x=------------------- + 2 + +eta_u(u,y,x) c23(y) +new function: c35(x,y) +new function: c36(x,y) +integrated equation : +0=df(c23,y)*u - c28*u + c36 - eta_u + + +substitution : +eta_u=df(c23,y)*u - c28*u + c36 + + + df(c23,y)*x - c34 +xi_x=------------------- + 2 + + +eta_u=df(c23,y)*u - c28*u + c36 + +c23(y) +new function: c37(y) +new function: c38(y) +integrated equation : + 2 +0=df(c23,y,2)*x - 2*df(c34,y)*x - 8*c28 + 2*c38 + + +substitution : + 2 + df(c23,y,2)*x - 2*df(c34,y)*x + 2*c38 +c28=---------------------------------------- + 8 + + + df(c23,y)*x - c34 +xi_x=------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 2*df(c34,y)*u*x + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u +eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + +c23(y) +separation w.r.t. u +separation yields 2 equations +substitution : +c27=0 + + + df(c23,y)*x - c34 +xi_x=------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 2*df(c34,y)*u*x + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u +eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + +c23(y) +separation w.r.t. u +separation w.r.t. x +new constant: c39 +new constant: c40 +new constant: c41 +new constant: c42 +new constant: c43 +new constant: c44 +integrated equation : + 2 +0=2*c23 + 2*c42 + c43*y + 2*c44*y + + +new constant: c45 +new constant: c46 +new constant: c47 +new constant: c48 +integrated equation : +0=c34 + c47 + c48*y + + +new constant: c49 +integrated equation : +0=5*df(c23,y) - c38 + c49 + + +separation yields 4 equations +substitution : +c34= - c47 - c48*y + + + df(c23,y)*x + c47 + c48*y +xi_x=--------------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u - 2*c48*u*x +eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + +c23(y) +substitution : + - df(c23,y)*x - c47 - c48*y +c26=------------------------------ + 2 + + + df(c23,y)*x + c47 + c48*y +xi_x=--------------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + - df(c23,y,2)*u*x + 8*df(c23,y)*u + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u - 2*c48*u*x +eta_u=------------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + +c23(y) +substitution : + 2 + - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y +c23=----------------------------- + 2 + + + - c43*x*y - c44*x + c47 + c48*y +xi_x=---------------------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + 8*c36 - 2*c38*u + c43*u*x - 8*c43*u*y - 8*c44*u - 2*c48*u*x +eta_u=-------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + + + 2 + - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y +c23=----------------------------- + 2 + + +substitution : +c38= - 5*c43*y - 5*c44 + c49 + + + - c43*x*y - c44*x + c47 + c48*y +xi_x=---------------------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + 8*c36 + c43*u*x + 2*c43*u*y + 2*c44*u - 2*c48*u*x - 2*c49*u +eta_u=-------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + + + 2 + - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y +c23=----------------------------- + 2 + + +decoupling: +c36 + + +new equations: +End of this CRACK run + +The solution : + 2 + - 2*c42 - c43*y - 2*c44*y +c23=----------------------------- + 2 + + + 2 + 8*c36 + c43*u*x + 2*c43*u*y + 2*c44*u - 2*c48*u*x - 2*c49*u +eta_u=-------------------------------------------------------------- + 8 + + + - c43*x*y - c44*x + c47 + c48*y +xi_x=---------------------------------- + 2 + +Remaining conditions : +0=df(c36,x,2) - df(c36,y) + +for the functions : c42 c47 c48 c43 c44 +c49 c36(x,y) +************************************************************************** + + +CRACK needed : 980 ms GC time : 110 ms + + +Remaining free functions after the last CRACK-run: +c42 c47 c48 c43 c44 +c49 c36(x,y) + + +Free constants and/or functions have been rescaled. + +The symmetries are: + +xi_x= - 4*c43*x*y - 2*c44*x + c47 + 2*c48*y + + 2 +xi_y= - c42 - 4*c43*y - 4*c44*y + + 2 +eta_u=c36 + c43*u*x + 2*c43*u*y + c44*u - c48*u*x - c49*u + +with c42 c47 c48 c43 c44 +c49 c36(x,y) +which still have to satisfy: + +0=df(c36,x,2) - df(c36,y) + +.......................................................................... +An example of the determination of first integrals of ODEs + + +Determination of a first integral for: + + 2 2 2 + df(y,x) *x - 2*df(y,x) - y +df(y,x,2)=------------------------------ + x + +new function: h_0(y,x) +new function: h_1(y,x) +new function: h_2(y,x) + 2 +of the type: df(y,x) *h_2 + df(y,x)*h_1 + h_0 + +This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations +Version 1995-03-20 +************************************************************************** + +equations: expr. with 13 terms + +functions: h_2(y,x) h_1(y,x) h_0(y,x) +separation w.r.t. d_y(1) +new function: c50(x) +integrated equation : + 2*x*y +0=e *h_2 - c50 + + +separation yields 4 equations +substitution : + c50 +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + c50 +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + +h_1(y,x) h_0(y,x) +substitution : + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + + + c50 +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +new function: c51(x) +integrated equation : + 2 2*x*y 3 x*y 3 2 3 2 +0=df(c50,x)*x*y - e *df(h_0,x)*x + e *c51*x *y - 2*c50*x*y - 6*c50*y + + +decoupling: +h_0 + + +new equations: expr. with 10 terms +with leading derivative (df h_0 x 3) replaces a de with (df h_0 y) +expr. with 20 terms +with leading derivative (df h_0 x 2) replaces a de with (df h_0 x 3) +expr. with 17 terms +with leading derivative (df h_0 x) replaces a de with (df h_0 x 2) + +equations: expr. with 13 terms + + 2*x*y 2 2*x*y 2*x*y 2 4 +0=e *df(h_0,x,2)*x - e *df(h_0,x)*x + e *df(h_0,y)*x*y - 2*c50*y + + + 2 2*x*y 3 x*y 3 2 3 2 +0=df(c50,x)*x*y - e *df(h_0,x)*x + e *c51*x *y - 2*c50*x*y - 6*c50*y + + +functions: + c50 +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) c51(x) c50(x) +separation w.r.t. y +linear independent expressions : +1 + + +y + + + 2 +y + + + x*y +e + + + x*y +y*e + + +new constant: c52 +integrated equation : +0=c51 - c52*x + + +new constant: c53 +new constant: c54 +integrated equation : +0=c51 + c53 + c54*x + + +new constant: c55 +integrated equation : + 4 +0=c50 - c55*x + + +new constant: c56 +new constant: c57 +integrated equation : + 4 4 +0=log(x)*c57*x - c50 + c56*x + + +new constant: c58 +new constant: c59 +new constant: c60 +integrated equation : + 6 4 3 +0=c50 - c58*x - c59*x - c60*x + + +separation yields 5 equations +substitution : +c51=c52*x + + + c50 +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +separation w.r.t. x +separation yields 2 equations +substitution : +c53=0 + + + c50 +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +substitution : + 4 +c50=c55*x + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +separation w.r.t. x +linear independent expressions : + 4 +x *log(x) + + + 4 +x + + +separation yields 2 equations +substitution : +c57=0 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +new function: c61(y) +substitution : +c56=c55 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +substitution : +c54= - c52 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +separation w.r.t. x +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +c60=0 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +substitution : +c58=0 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +substitution : +c59=c55 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + df(h_0,x)*x +h_1=------------- + 2 + y + +h_0(y,x) +decoupling: +h_0 + + +new equations: +new function: c62(y) +new function: c63(y) +new function: c64(y) +new function: c65(y) +integrated equation : expr. with 10 terms + +substitution : + 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y +h_0=(e *sqrt(2)*c62 - 2*e *c65*y + + sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y + - 2*e *c52*x*y - 2*e *c52*y + + sqrt(2)*x*y 2 3 sqrt(2)*x*y 2 + + 2*e *c55*x *y + 4*e *c55*x*y + + sqrt(2)*x*y 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y + + 2*e *c55*y - e *sqrt(2)*c63)/(2*e *y) + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 2 +h_1=(e *c62*x + e *c52*x *y + + sqrt(2)*x*y 3 3 sqrt(2)*x*y 2 2 2*x*y + - 2*e *c55*x *y - 2*e *c55*x *y + e *c63*x)/( + + sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2 + e *y ) + + +h_0= expr. with 9 terms + +equations: + 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2*x*y + e *c62 + e *c63 +0=----------------------------------------- + sqrt(2)*x*y + e + +expr. with 12 terms + +functions: + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + 2*sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 2 +h_1=(e *c62*x + e *c52*x *y + + sqrt(2)*x*y 3 3 sqrt(2)*x*y 2 2 2*x*y + - 2*e *c55*x *y - 2*e *c55*x *y + e *c63*x)/( + + sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2 + e *y ) + + +h_0= expr. with 9 terms +c62(y) c63(y) c65(y) +separation w.r.t. x +linear independent expressions : + 2*x*y + 2*sqrt(2)*x*y +e + + + 2*x*y +e + + +separation yields 2 equations +substitution : +c62=0 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 2 sqrt(2)*x*y 3 3 +h_1=(e *c52*x *y - 2*e *c55*x *y + + sqrt(2)*x*y 2 2 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y 2 + - 2*e *c55*x *y + e *c63*x)/(e *y ) + + + sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y 2 +h_0=( - 2*e *c65*y - 2*e *c52*x*y + + sqrt(2)*x*y + x*y sqrt(2)*x*y 2 3 + - 2*e *c52*y + 2*e *c55*x *y + + sqrt(2)*x*y 2 sqrt(2)*x*y 2*x*y + + 4*e *c55*x*y + 2*e *c55*y - e *sqrt(2)*c63)/(2 + + sqrt(2)*x*y + 2*x*y + *e *y) + + +substitution : +c63=0 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + x*y 2 3 2 + e *c52*x - 2*c55*x *y - 2*c55*x +h_1=------------------------------------- + 2*x*y + e + + + 2*x*y x*y x*y 2 2 + - e *c65 - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55 +h_0=----------------------------------------------------------------------- + 2*x*y + e + + +new constant: c66 +integrated equation : +0=c65 + c66 + + +substitution : +c65= - c66 + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + + + x*y 2 3 2 + e *c52*x - 2*c55*x *y - 2*c55*x +h_1=------------------------------------- + 2*x*y + e + + + 2*x*y x*y x*y 2 2 + e *c66 - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55 +h_0=-------------------------------------------------------------------- + 2*x*y + e + + +End of this CRACK run + +The solution : + 2*x*y x*y x*y 2 2 + e *c66 - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55 +h_0=-------------------------------------------------------------------- + 2*x*y + e + + + x*y 2 3 2 + e *c52*x - 2*c55*x *y - 2*c55*x +h_1=------------------------------------- + 2*x*y + e + + + 4 + c55*x +h_2=-------- + 2*x*y + e + +Free functions or constants : c52 c55 c66 +************************************************************************** + + +CRACK needed : 8530 ms GC time : 570 ms + 2 4 x*y 2 +A first integral is: (df(y,x) *c55*x + e *df(y,x)*c52*x + + 3 2 x*y x*y + - 2*df(y,x)*c55*x *y - 2*df(y,x)*c55*x - e *c52*x*y - e *c52 + + 2 2 2*x*y + + c55*x *y + 2*c55*x*y + c55)/e + +and an integrating factor: + + 2 2 x*y + x *(2*df(y,x)*c55*x + e *c52 - 2*c55*x*y - 2*c55) +------------------------------------------------------ + 2*x*y + e + +free constants: c52 c55 +.......................................................................... +An example of the determination of a Lagrangian for an ODE +Determination of a Lagrangian L for: + + 2 +df(y,x,2)=x + 6*y + + 2 +The ansatz: L = df(y,x) *u_ + v_ + +This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations +Version 1995-03-20 +************************************************************************** + +equations: + 2 2 +0= - d_y(1) *df(u_,y) - 2*d_y(1)*df(u_,x) + df(v_,y) - 2*u_*x - 12*u_*y + + +functions: u_(y,x) v_(y,x) +separation w.r.t. d_y(1) +new function: c67(y) +new function: c68(y) +integrated equation : +0=c68 + u_ + + +new function: c69(x) +new function: c70(x) +integrated equation : +0=c70 + u_ + + +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +u_= - c70 + + +u_= - c70 + +v_(y,x) +generalized separation +new constant: c71 +new constant: c72 +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +c68= - c71 + + +u_= - c70 + +v_(y,x) +substitution : +c70= - c71 + + +u_=c71 + +v_(y,x) +substitution : +c71= - c72 + + +u_= - c72 + +v_(y,x) +new function: c73(x) +new function: c74(x) +integrated equation : + 3 +0=2*c72*x*y + 4*c72*y + c74 + v_ + + +substitution : + 3 +v_= - 2*c72*x*y - 4*c72*y - c74 + + +u_= - c72 + + + 3 +v_= - 2*c72*x*y - 4*c72*y - c74 + + +End of this CRACK run + +The solution : + 3 +v_= - 2*c72*x*y - 4*c72*y - c74 + + +u_= - c72 + +Free functions or constants : c74(x) c72 +************************************************************************** + + +CRACK needed : 240 ms GC time : 0 ms + 2 2 +The solution: L = - (2*(x + 2*y )*y + df(y,x) ) +.......................................................................... +An example of the factorization of an ODE +Differential factorization of: + + 2 2 + df(y,x) - df(y,x)*f*y - q*y +df(y,x,2)=------------------------------- + y + +The ansatz: df(y,x) = a#*y + b# + +This is CRACK - a solver for overdetermined partial differential equations +Version 1995-03-20 +************************************************************************** + +equations: + 2 2 2 2 +0=df(a#,x)*y + df(b#,x)*y - a#*b#*y + a#*f*y - b# + b#*f*y + q*y + + +functions: a#(x) b#(x) +separation w.r.t. y +new constant: c75 +integrated equation : + int(f,x) int(f,x) +0=e *a# + int(e *q,x) - c75 + + +separation yields 3 equations +substitution : +b#=0 + +a#(x) +b#=0 + + +substitution : + int(f,x) + - int(e *q,x) + c75 +a#=----------------------------- + int(f,x) + e + + + int(f,x) + - int(e *q,x) + c75 +a#=----------------------------- + int(f,x) + e + + +b#=0 + + +End of this CRACK run + +The solution : +b#=0 + + + int(f,x) + - int(e *q,x) + c75 +a#=----------------------------- + int(f,x) + e + +Free functions or constants : c75 +************************************************************************** + + +CRACK needed : 530 ms GC time : 0 ms + int(f,x) + int(1/e ,x)*c75 + e *c76 +The solution y=-------------------------------------- + int(f,x) int(f,x) + int(int(e *q,x)/e ,x) + e + +is the general solution of the original ODE +(TIME: crack 23309 24969)