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module cslrend; % CSL REDUCE "back-end". % Authors: Martin L. Griss and Anthony C. Hearn. % Modified by Arthur Norman for use with CSL. create!-package('(cslrend autopatch csl),nil); fluid '(!*break !*echo !*eolinstringok !*int !*mode !*raise !*lower !*keepsqrts); global '(!$eol!$ !*extraecho cr!* crchar!* date!* esc!* ff!* ifl!* ipl!* largest!-small!-modulus lispsystem!* ofl!* spare!* statcounter crbuflis!* tab!* version!* copyright1!* copyright2!* loadable!-packages!* switches!* symchar!*); copyright1!* := "Copyright A C Hearn, 2004"; copyright2!* := "Copyright Codemist Ltd, 2004"; loadable!-packages!* := '( algint applysym arnum assist atensor avector boolean cali camal cantens cedit cgb changevr cl compact conlaw crack cvit defint desir dfpart dummy dvfsf eds excalc ezgcd factor fide fmprint fps ftr gentran geoprover ghyper gnuplot groebner hephys ideals ineq int invbase laplace lie liepde limits linalg mathml matrix meijerg misc modsr mrvlimit ncpoly normform numeric odesolve ofsf orthovec pf physop plot pm polydiv pretty qsum randpoly rataprx ratint rcref reacteqn redlog reset residue rlfi rlisp88 rltools roots rprint rsolve rtrace scope sets sfgamma solve sparse spde specfn sum support susy2 symmetry taylor tps tri trigint trigsimp wu xcolor xideal zeilberg ztrans); % This amazingly long list of switches was created as a by-product % of building the bootstrap version of Reduce 3.8. In that build use of % the directive that introduces switches is logged. Not all of these switches % are really aimed at the general public, and almost all only apply when % some particular module is loaded. switches!* := '( acinfo adjprec again algint algpri allbranch allfac allowdfint allpoly anticom arbvars arnum asterisk backtrace balanced_mod balanced_was_on batch_mode bcsimp bezout bfspace boese both carcheckflag carefuleq centergrid cgbcheckg cgbcontred cgbcounthf cgbfullred cgbgen cgbgs cgbreal cgbsgreen cgbstat cgbupdb cgbverbose coates combineexpt combinelogs commutedf commuteint comp complex compxroots contract cramer cref cvit debug debug_times defn demo derexp detectunits dfint dfprint diffsoln dispjacobian distribute div double downcase dummypri echo edsdebug edsdisjoint edssloppy edsverbose eqfu errcont essl evallhseqp exdelt exp expanddf expandexpt expandlogs ezgcd f90 factor factorprimes factorunits failhard fancy fancy_tex fast_la fastfor faststructs fastvector force fort fortupper fourier ftch fulleq fullpoly fullprec fullprecision fullroots gbltbasis gc gcd gendecs genpos gentranopt gentranseg getdecs gltbasis groebfac groebfullreduction groebopt groebprot groebrm groebstat groebweak gsugar hardzerotest heugcd horner hyperbolic ifactor imaginary imsl inputc int int_test intern intstr keepdecs lasimp latex lcm lessspace lexefgb lhyp limitedfactors list listargs lmon looking_good lower lower_matrix ltrig makecalls mathml mcd mod_was_on modular msg multiplicities multiroot mymatch nag nat nero nested noacn noarg nocommutedf nocompile noconvert noetherian noint nointint nolnr nonlnr nopowers nosplit nosturm not_negative notailcall novarmsg numval odesolve_basis odesolve_check odesolve_diff odesolve_equidim_y odesolve_expand odesolve_explicit odesolve_fast odesolve_full odesolve_implicit odesolve_noint odesolve_norecurse odesolve_noswap odesolve_simp_arbparam odesolve_verbose onespace only_integer optdecs ord outerzeroscheck output overview partialint partialintdf partialintint period pgwd plap plotkeep plotusepipe prapprox precise prefix pret prfourmat pri priall primat prlinineq psen pvector pwrds qgosper_down qgosper_specials qsum_nullspace qsum_trace qsumrecursion_certificate qsumrecursion_down qsumrecursion_exp qsumrecursion_profile quotenewnam r2i raise ranpos rat ratarg rational rationalize ratpri ratroot red_total reduce4 reduced revpri rladdcond rlanuexdebug rlanuexdifferentroots rlanuexgcdnormalize rlanuexpsremseq rlanuexsgnopt rlanuexverbose rlbnfsac rlbnfsm rlbrop rlcadaproj rlcadaprojalways rlcadbaseonly rlcaddebug rlcaddecdeg rlcaddnfformula rlcadextonly rlcadfac rlcadfasteval rlcadfulldimonly rlcadhongproj rlcadisoallroots rlcadmc3 rlcadmcproj rlcadpartial rlcadpbfvs rlcadpreponly rlcadprojonly rlcadrawformula rlcadte rlcadtrimtree rlcadverbose rldavgcd rlgsbnf rlgserf rlgsprod rlgsrad rlgsred rlgssub rlgsutord rlgsvb rlidentify rlisp88 rlnzden rlopt1s rlourdet rlparallel rlposden rlpscsgen rlqedfs rlqefb rlqegen1 rlqegenct rlqegsd rlqeheu rlqepnf rlqeqsc rlqesqsc rlqesr rlqevarsel rlrealtime rlsiatadv rlsichk rlsiexpl rlsiexpla rlsifac rlsiidem rlsimpl rlsipd rlsipo rlsipw rlsism rlsiso rlsitsqspl rlsusi rlsusiadd rlsusigs rlsusimult rltabib rltnft rlverbose rlvmatvb rlxopt rlxoptpl rlxoptri rlxoptric rlxoptrir rlxoptsb rlxoptses rootmsg roundall roundbf rounded rtrace saveactives savedef savesfs savestructr semantic sfto_musser sfto_tobey sfto_yun show_grid sidrel simpnoncomdf solvesingular symmetric taylorautocombine taylorautoexpand taylorkeeporiginal taylornocache taylorprintorder tdusetorder tensor test_plot testecho tex texbreak texindent time tr_lie tra tracefps tracelimit traceratint tracespecfns tracetrig trallfac trchrstrem trcompact trdesir trdint trfac trfield trgroeb trgroeb1 trgroebr trgroebs trham trigform trint trinvbase trlinineq trlinineqint trlinrec trmin trnonlnr trnumeric trode trplot trpm trroot trsolve trsum trtaylor trwu trxideal trxmod twogrid twosided unsafecar upcase upper_matrix useold usetaylor usez varopt vectorc verbatim verboseload vtrace web windexpri wrchri xfullreduce xpartialint xpartialintdf xpartialintint zb_factor zb_inhomogeneous zb_proof zb_timer zb_trace zeilberg); % Constants used in scanner. flag('(define!-constant),'eval); cr!* := compress(list('!!, special!-char 6)); % carriage return ff!* := compress(list('!!, special!-char 5)); % form feed tab!*:= compress(list('!!, special!-char 3)); % tab key % One inessential reference to REVERSIP in this module (left unchanged). % This file defines the system dependent code necessary to run REDUCE % under CSL. Comment The following functions, which are referenced in the basic REDUCE source (RLISP, ALG1, ALG2, MATR and PHYS) should be defined to complete the definition of REDUCE: BYE EVLOAD ERROR1 FILETYPE MKFIL ORDERP QUIT SEPRP SETPCHAR. Prototypical descriptions of these functions are as follows; remprop('bye,'stat); symbolic procedure bye; %Returns control to the computer's operating system command level. %The current REDUCE job cannot be restarted; <<close!-output!-files(); stop 0>>; deflist('((bye endstat)),'stat); remprop('quit,'stat); symbolic procedure quit; %Returns control to the computer's operating system command level. %The current REDUCE job cannot be restarted; <<close!-output!-files(); stop 0>>; deflist('((quit endstat)),'stat); % evload is now defined in cslprolo.red - this has to be the case % so it can be used (via load_package) to load rlisp and cslrend. % symbolic procedure evload l; % for each m in l do load!-module m; symbolic procedure seprp u; % Returns true if U is a blank, end-of-line, tab, carriage return or % form feed. This definition replaces the one in the BOOT file. u eq '! or u eq tab!* or u eq !$eol!$ or u eq ff!* or u eq cr!*; symbolic procedure filetype u; % Determines if string U has a specific file type. begin scalar v,w; v := cdr explode u; while v and not(car v eq '!.) do <<if car v eq '!< then while not(car v eq '!>) do v := cdr v; v := cdr v>>; if null v then return nil; v := cdr v; while v and not(car v eq '!") do <<w := car v . w; v := cdr v>>; return intern compress reversip w end; symbolic procedure mkfil u; % Converts file descriptor U into valid system filename. if stringp u then u else if not idp u then typerr(u,"file name") else string!-downcase u; Comment The following functions are only referenced if various flags are set, or the functions are actually defined. They are defined in another module, which is not needed to build the basic system. The name of the flag follows the function name, enclosed in parentheses: CEDIT (?) COMPD (COMP) EDIT1 This function provides a link to an editor. However, a definition is not necessary, since REDUCE checks to see if it has a function value. EMBFN (?) EZGCDF (EZGCD) PRETTYPRINT (DEFN --- also called by DFPRINT) This function is used in particular for output of RLISP expressions in LISP syntax. If that feature is needed, and the prettyprint module is not available, then it should be defined as PRINT RPRINT (PRET) TIME (TIME) returns elapsed time from some arbitrary initial point in milliseconds; Comment The following operator is used to save a REDUCE session as a file for later use; symbolic procedure savesession u; preserve('begin); flag('(savesession),'opfn); flag('(savesession),'noval); Comment make "system" available as an operator; flag('(system),'opfn); flag('(system),'noval); Comment to make "faslend" an endstat; put('faslend,'stat,'endstat); Comment The current REDUCE model allows for the availability of fast arithmetical operations on small integers (called "inums"). All modern LISPs provide such support. However, the program will still run without these constructs. The relevant functions that should be defined for this purpose are as follows; flag('(iplus itimes iplus2 itimes2 iadd1 isub1 iminus iminusp idifference iquotient iremainder ilessp igreaterp ileq igeq izerop ionep), 'lose); Comment There are also a number of system constants required for each implementation. In systems that don't support inums, the equivalent single precision integers should be used; % LARGEST!-SMALL!-MODULUS is the largest power of two that can % fit in the fast arithmetic (inum) range of the implementation. % This is constant for the life of the system and could be % compiled in-line if the compiler permits it. largest!-small!-modulus := 2**24 - 1; % I could use up to 2^27-1, but % stick to 2^24-1 since that's what Cambridge Lisp used to use. flag('(modular!-difference modular!-minus modular!-number modular!-plus modular!-quotient modular!-reciprocal modular!-times modular!-expt set!-small!-modulus), 'lose); % See comments about gensym() below - which apply also to the % effects of having different random number generators in different % host Lisp systems. % From 3.5 onwards (with a new random generator built into the % REDUCE sources) I am happy to use the portable version. % flag('(random next!-random!-number), 'lose); set!-small!-modulus 3; % The following are now built into CSL, where by using the C library % and (hence?) maybe low level tricks or special floating point % microcode things can go fast. flag('(acos acosd acosh acot acotd acoth acsc acscd acsch asec asecd asech asin asind asinh atan atand atan2 atan2d atanh cbrt cos cosd cosh cot cotd coth csc cscd csch exp expt hypot ln log logb log10 sec secd sech sin sind sinh sqrt tan tand tanh fix ceiling floor round clrhash puthash gethash remhash), 'lose); % remflag('(int!-gensym1),'lose); % symbolic procedure int!-gensym1 u; % In Codemist Lisp compress interns - hence version in int.red may % not work. However, it seems to be ok for now. % gensym1 u; % flag('(int!-gensym1),'lose); global '(loaded!-packages!* no!_init!_file personal!-dir!*); personal!-dir!* := "$HOME"; symbolic procedure load!-patches!-file; begin scalar !*redefmsg,file,x; % Avoid redefinition messages. if memq('demo, lispsystem!*) then return; if filep(file := concat(personal!-dir!*,"/patches.fsl")) then nil else if filep(file := concat(get!-lisp!-directory(),"/patches.fsl")) then nil else return nil; x := binopen(file,'input); for i := 1:16 do readb x; % Skip checksum stuff. load!-module x; % Load patches. close x; if patch!-date!* then startup!-banner concat(version!*,concat(", ",concat(date!*, concat(", patched to ",concat(patch!-date!*," ..."))))); for each m in loaded!-packages!* do if (x := get(m,'patchfn)) then apply(x,nil) end; % For compatibility with older versions. symbolic procedure load!-latest!-patches; load!-patches!-file(); Comment We need to define a function BEGIN, which acts as the top-level call to REDUCE, and sets the appropriate variables; remflag('(begin),'go); symbolic procedure begin; begin scalar w,!*redefmsg; !*echo := not !*int; !*extraecho := t; % If invoked from texmacs do something special... if modulep 'tmprint and member('texmacs, lispsystem!*) then << w := verbos 0; load!-module 'tmprint; fmp!-switch t; off1 'promptnumbers; verbos w >> % If the tmprint module is loaded and I have a window that can support it % I will display things in a "fancy" way within the CSL world. else if getd 'fmp!-switch then fmp!-switch member('showmath, lispsystem!*); ifl!* := ipl!* := ofl!* := nil; if date!* then << verbos nil; % The linelength may need to be adjusted if we are running in a window. % To cope with this, CSL allows (linelength t) to set a "default" line % length that can even vary as window sizes are changed. An attempt % will be made to ensure that it is 80 at the start of a run, but % (linelength nil) can return varying values as the user re-sizes the % main window (in some versions of CSL). However this is still not % perfect! The protocol % old := linelength nil; % <do something, possibly changing linelength as you go> % linelength old; % can not restore the variability characteristic. However I make % old := linelength n; % n numeric or T % ... % linelength old; % preserve things by returning T from (linelength n) in relevant cases. linelength t; % The next four lines have been migrated into the C code in "restart.c" % so that some sort of information gets back to the user nice and early. % prin2 version!*; % prin2 ", "; % prin2 date!*; % prin2t " ..."; if getd 'addsq then << % I assume here that this is an algebra system if ADDSQ is defined, and % in that case process an initialisation file. Starting up without ADDSQ % defined means I either have just RLISP built or I am in the middle of % some bootstrap process. Also if a variable no_init_file is set to TRUE % then I avoid init file processing. !*mode := 'algebraic; if null no!_init!_file then begin scalar name; name := assoc('shortname, lispsystem!*); if atom name then name := "reduce" else name := list!-to!-string explode2lc cdr name; erfg!* := nil; read!-init!-file name end >> else !*mode := 'symbolic; % date!* := nil; >>; % If there is a patches module that is later than one that I currently % have installed then load it up now. if version!* neq "REDUCE Development Version" then load!-patches!-file(); w := assoc('opsys, lispsystem!*); if not atom w then w := cdr w; % For MOST systems I will let ^G (bell) be the escape character, but % under win32 I use that as an interrupt character, and so there I go % back and use ESC instead. I do the check at BEGIN time rather than % further out so that common checkpoint images can be used across % systems. esc!*:= compress list('!!, special!-char (if w = 'win32 then 10 else 9)); while errorp errorset('(begin1), !*backtrace, !*backtrace) do nil; prin2t "Leaving REDUCE ... " end; flag('(begin),'go); % The following function is used in some CSL-specific operations. It is % also defined in util/rprint, but is repeated here to avoid loading % that module unnecessarily, and because the definition given there is % rather PSL specific. remflag('(string!-downcase),'lose); symbolic procedure string!-downcase u; compress('!" . append(explode2lc u,'(!"))); % princ!-upcase and princ!-downcase are used for fortran output flag('(string!-downcase princ!-upcase princ!-downcase),'lose); % This function is used in Rlisp '88. symbolic procedure igetv(u,v); getv(u,v); symbolic procedure iputv(u,v,w); putv(u,v,w); % The following functions are NOT in Standard Lisp and should NOT be % used anywhere in the REDUCE sources, but the amount of trouble I have % had with places where they do creep in has encouraged me to define % them here anyway and put up with the (small) waste of space. symbolic procedure first x; car x; symbolic procedure second x; cadr x; symbolic procedure third x; caddr x; symbolic procedure fourth x; cadddr x; symbolic procedure rest x; cdr x; Comment Initial setups for REDUCE; spare!* := 0; % We need this for bootstrapping. symchar!* := t; % Changed prompt when in symbolic mode. % PSL has gensyms with names g0001, g0002 etc., and in a few places % REDUCE will insert gensyms into formulae in such a way that their % names can influence the ordering of terms. The next fragment of % commented out code make CSL use similar names (but interned). This % is not sufficient to guarantee a match with PSL though, since in (for % instance) the code % list(gensym(), gensym(), gensym()) % there is no guarantee which gensym will have the smallest serial % number. Also if !*comp is true and the user defines a procedure it is % probable that the compiler does a number (just how many we do not % wish to say) of calls to gensym, upsetting the serial number % sequence. Thus other ways of ensuring consistent output from REDUCE % are needed. %- global '(gensym!-counter); %- gensym!-counter := 1; %- symbolic procedure reduce!-gensym(); %- begin %- scalar w; %- w := explode gensym!-counter; %- gensym!-counter := gensym!-counter+1; %- while length w < 4 do w := '!0 . w; %- return compress ('g . w) %- end; %- remflag('(gensym), 'lose); %- remprop('gensym, 's!:builtin0); %- smacro procedure gensym(); %- reduce!-gensym(); % However, the current CSL gensym uses an upper case G as the root, % which causes inconsistencies in some tests (e.g., int and qsum). % This definition cures that. symbolic smacro procedure gensym; gensym1 'g; symbolic procedure initreduce; initrlisp(); % For compatibility. symbolic procedure initrlisp; % Initial declarations for REDUCE <<statcounter := 0; %- gensym!-counter := 1; crbuflis!* := nil; spare!* := 0; % !*int := not batchp(); !*int := t; >>; symbolic procedure rlispmain; lispeval '(begin); flag('(rdf preserve reclaim),'opfn); flag('(rdf preserve),'noval); flag('(load reload),'noform); deflist('((load rlis) (reload rlis)),'stat); symbolic macro procedure load x; PSL!-load(cdr x, nil); symbolic macro procedure reload x; PSL!-load(cdr x, t); global '(PSL!-loaded!*); PSL!-loaded!* := nil; symbolic procedure PSL!-load(mods, reloadp); for each x in mods do << if reloadp or not member(x, PSL!-loaded!*) then << % load!-module x; load!-package x; PSL!-loaded!* := union(list x, PSL!-loaded!*) >> >>; symbolic macro procedure tr x; list('trace, list('quote, cdr x)); symbolic macro procedure untr x; list('untrace, list('quote, cdr x)); symbolic macro procedure trst x; list('traceset, list('quote, cdr x)); symbolic macro procedure untrst x; list('untraceset, list('quote, cdr x)); flag('(tr untr trst untrst ),'noform); deflist('((tr rlis) (trst rlis) (untr rlis) (untrst rlis) ),'stat); symbolic procedure prop x; plist x; % Yukky PSL compatibility. Comment The following declarations are needed to build various modules; flag('(mkquote spaces subla boundp error1),'lose); % The exact order of items in the lists produced by these is important % to REDUCE. flag('(union intersection), 'lose); flag('(safe!-fp!-plus safe!-fp!-times safe!-fp!-quot % safe!-fp!-pl safe!-fp!-pl0 ), 'lose); flag('(threevectorp ordp), 'lose); deflist('((imports rlis)),'stat); flag('(sort stable!-sort stable!-sortip),'lose); % We also need this. flag('(lengthc),'lose); symbolic procedure concat2(u,v); concat(u,v); symbolic procedure concat(u,v); % This would be better supported at a lower level. compress('!" . append(explode2 u,nconc(explode2 v,list '!"))); % Used by patching mechanism. % % Note that DESPITE the name this MUST be an interned symbol not a % gensym since it will be used as the name of a function written out % using FASLOUT and later re-loaded: gensym identities can not survive % this transition. The symbols created by dated!-name are almost % always going to avoid clashes - see commentary in the CSL source file % "extras.red" for an explanation. symbolic procedure dated!-gensym u; dated!-name u; endmodule; end;