ADDED   mttroot/mtt/lib/examples/Thermal/ThermodynamicCycles/CarnotCycle/CarnotCycle_desc.tex
Index: mttroot/mtt/lib/examples/Thermal/ThermodynamicCycles/CarnotCycle/CarnotCycle_desc.tex
==================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ mttroot/mtt/lib/examples/Thermal/ThermodynamicCycles/CarnotCycle/CarnotCycle_desc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+% Verbal description for system CarnotCycle (CarnotCycle_desc.tex)
+% Generated by MTT on Tue Dec 9 12:13:57 GMT 1997.
+
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% %% Version control history
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% %% $Id$
+% %% $Log$
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+   The acausal bond graph of system \textbf{CarnotCycle} is
+   displayed in Figure \Ref{CarnotCycle_abg} and its label
+   file is listed in Section \Ref{sec:CarnotCycle_lbl}.
+   The subsystems are listed in Section \Ref{sec:CarnotCycle_sub}.
+
+The Carnot cycle is a simple closed thermodynamic cycle with four parts:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Isentropic compression
+\item Heat injection at constant temperature
+\item Isentropic expansion
+\item Heat extraction at constant temperature
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The subsystem \textbf{Cycle} (Section \Ref{sec:Cycle}) is a two-port
+component describing an ideal gas. It has two energy ports which, with
+integral causality correspond to
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Entropy flow in; temperature out
+\item Volume rate of change in; pressure out
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In contast to the Otto cycle (see Table
+\Ref{tab:cycles} where each table entry gives the causality on the
+heat and work ports respectively). The ideal Carnot cycle has
+derivative causality on the {\bf [Heat]} port for two parts of the
+cycle.
+
+To avoid this causlity change, the Carnot cycle is approximated by
+applying the heat from a temperature source via a thermal resistance
+{\bf RT} component. During the {\em heat injection\/} and {\em heat
+extraction\/} parts of the cycle, the resistance parameter $r\approx
+0$, but during the {\em isentropic compression\/} and {\em isentropic
+expansion\/} parts of the cycle, the resistance parameter $r\approx
+\inf$.
+
+The simulation parameters appear in Section
+\Ref{sec:CarnotCycle_numpar.txt}. The results are plotted against time
+as follows:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Volume (Figure \Ref{fig:CarnotCycle_odeso.ps-CarnotCycle-cycle-V})
+\item Pressure (Figure
+\Ref{fig:CarnotCycle_odeso.ps-CarnotCycle-cycle-P})
+\item Entropy (Figure \Ref{fig:CarnotCycle_odeso.ps-CarnotCycle-cycle-S})
+\item Temperature (Figure
+\Ref{fig:CarnotCycle_odeso.ps-CarnotCycle-cycle-T})
+\end{itemize}
+
+These values are replotted as the standard PV and TS diagrams in
+Figures
+\Ref{fig:CarnotCycle_odeso.ps-CarnotCycle-cycle-V:CarnotCycle-cycle-P}
+and
+\Ref{fig:CarnotCycle_odeso.ps-CarnotCycle-cycle-S:CarnotCycle-cycle-T}
+respectively.
+
+The PV diagram shows the long and thin form typical of the Carnot
+cycle -- this implies a poor work ratio. The TS diagram is not
+informative; it is not the expected rectangle because both T and S
+change in a stepwise manner.
+
+
+
+

ADDED   mttroot/mtt/lib/examples/Thermal/ThermodynamicCycles/OttoCycle/OttoCycle_desc.tex
Index: mttroot/mtt/lib/examples/Thermal/ThermodynamicCycles/OttoCycle/OttoCycle_desc.tex
==================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ mttroot/mtt/lib/examples/Thermal/ThermodynamicCycles/OttoCycle/OttoCycle_desc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+% Verbal description for system OttoCycle (OttoCycle_desc.tex)
+% Generated by MTT on Thu Dec 4 15:59:55 GMT 1997.
+
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% %% Version control history
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% %% $Id$
+% %% $Log$
+% Revision 1.1  1997/12/08  09:37:04  peterg
+% Initial revision
+%
+% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+   The acausal bond graph of system \textbf{OttoCycle} is
+   displayed in Figure \Ref{OttoCycle_abg} and its label
+   file is listed in Section \Ref{sec:OttoCycle_lbl}.
+   The subsystems are listed in Section \Ref{sec:OttoCycle_sub}.
+
+
+The Otto cycle is a simple closed thermodynamic cycle with four parts:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Isentropic compression
+\item Heating at constant volume
+\item Isentropic expansion
+\item Cooling at constant volume
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The subsystem \textbf{Cycle} (Section \Ref{sec:Cycle}) is a two-port
+component describing an ideal gas. It has two energy ports which, with
+integral causality correspond to
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Entropy flow in; temperature out
+\item Volume rate of change in; pressure out
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In Bond Graph terms, each of the four parts of the Otto cycle
+correspond to integral causality as in each case a \emph{flow} is
+constrained. This is in contrast to other cycles listed in Table
+\Ref{tab:cycles} where each table entry gives the causality on the
+heat and work ports respectively. This is possibly why the Otto cycle
+is conceptually and practically simple.
+
+The simulation parameters appear in Section
+\Ref{sec:OttoCycle_numpar.txt}. The results are plotted against time
+as follows:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Volume (Figure \Ref{fig:OttoCycle_odeso.ps-OttoCycle-cycle-V})
+\item Pressure (Figure
+\Ref{fig:OttoCycle_odeso.ps-OttoCycle-cycle-P})
+\item Entropy (Figure \Ref{fig:OttoCycle_odeso.ps-OttoCycle-cycle-S})
+\item Temperature (Figure
+\Ref{fig:OttoCycle_odeso.ps-OttoCycle-cycle-T})
+\end{itemize}
+
+These values are replotted as the standard PV and TS diagrams in
+Figures
+\Ref{fig:OttoCycle_odeso.ps-OttoCycle-cycle-V:OttoCycle-cycle-P}
+and
+\Ref{fig:OttoCycle_odeso.ps-OttoCycle-cycle-S:OttoCycle-cycle-T}
+respectively.
+
+
+
+
+