<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/loose.dtd">
<html>
  <!-- Created on September, 23 2003 by texi2html 1.66 -->
  <!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
            Karl Berry  <karl@freefriends.org>
            Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
            and many others.
Maintained by: Many creative people <dev@texi2html.cvshome.org>
Send bugs and suggestions to <users@texi2html.cvshome.org>

-->
  <head>
    <title>MTT: Model Transformation Tools</title>
    <meta name="description" content="MTT: Model Transformation Tools" />
    <meta name="keywords" content="MTT: Model Transformation Tools" />
    <meta name="resource-type" content="document" />
    <meta name="distribution" content="global" />
    <meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.66" />
    <style type="text/css">
      body {
        background-color: #ffffff;
        color: #000000;
      }
      :link {
        color: #0000ff;
      }
      :visited {
        color: #800080;
      }
      :active {
        color: #ff0000;
      }
      a.c6 {
        font-style: italic;
      }
      a.c5 {
        font-weight: bold;
        text-decoration: none;
      }
      pre.c4 {
        font-size: 80%;
      }
      span.c3 {
        font-size: 80%;
      }
      pre.c2 {
        font-family: serif;
      }
      div.c1 {
        text-align: center;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body lang="en">
    <a name="SEC_Top" id="SEC_Top"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>MTT: Model Transformation Tools</h1>
    <strong>MTT</strong> is a set of Model Transformation Tools based on bond
    graphs. <strong>MTT</strong>
    implements the theory to be found in the book "Metamodelling: Bond Graphs
    and Dynamic Systems" by Peter Gawthrop and Lorcan Smith published by
    Prentice Hall in 1996 (ISBN 0-13-489824-9).
    <p>It implements two features not discussed in that book:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>bicausal bond graphs and</li>
      <li>hierarchical bond graphs.</li>
    </ul>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">1. Introduction</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">2. User interface</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">3. Creating Models</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">7. Extending MTT</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">8. Documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">10. Language tools</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">11. Administration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC193">Glossary</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          -- The Detailed Node Listing ---
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Introduction</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">1.1 What is a representation?</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC4">1.3 What is a bond graph?</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC12">1.7 Algebraic loops</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC13">1.8 Switched systems</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Components</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">User interface</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">2.1 Menu-driven interface</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">2.2 Command line interface</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC17">2.3 Options</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Utilities</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">2.4.1 Help</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC25">2.4.2 Copy</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC26">2.4.3 Clean</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Help</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">2.4.1.1 help representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC21">2.4.1.2 help components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC22">2.4.1.3 help examples</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC23">2.4.1.4 help crs</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC24">2.4.1.5 help &lt;name&gt;</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Creating Models</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC29">3.1 Quick start</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">3.2 Creating simple models</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">3.3 Creating complex models</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Creating complex models</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC32">3.3.1 Top level</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Simulation</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">4.1 Steady-state solutions</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">4.2 Simulation parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC42">4.3 Simulation input</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC43">4.4 Simulation logic</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC44">4.5 Simulation initial state</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC45">4.6 Simulation code</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Steady-state solutions</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC35">4.1.1 Steady-state solutions (odess)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">4.1.2 Steady-state solutions (ss)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Simulation parameters</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC38">4.2.1 Euler integration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC39">4.2.2 Implicit integration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC40">4.2.3 Runge Kutta IV integration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC41">4.2.4 Hybrd algebraic solver</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Simulation code</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC46">4.6.1 Dynamically linked functions</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Simulation output</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC48">4.7.1 Viewing results with gnuplot</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC49">4.7.2 Exporting results to SciGraphica</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Representations</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC54">6.3 Verbal description (desc)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">6.5 Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">6.8 Constitutive relationship (cr)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">6.9 Parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">6.10 Causal bond graph (cbg)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC126"
            >6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Acausal bond graph (abg)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">6.4.2 Language m (rbg.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">6.4.4 Language tex (abg.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language fig (abg.fig)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC57">6.4.1.1 Icon library</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC69">6.4.1.13 Port label defaults</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC70">6.4.1.14 Vector Components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC71">6.4.1.15 Artwork</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Simple components</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Compound components</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language m (rbg.m)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC74">6.4.2.1 Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language m (abg.m)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">6.4.3.2 Component-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC78">6.4.3.3 Transformation rbg2abg_m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC81">6.5.1 Language fig (sabg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">6.5.2 Stripped acausal bond graph (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Labels (lbl)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC84">6.6.1 SS component labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC85">6.6.2 Other component labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">6.6.3 Component names</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC89">6.6.6 Parameter declarations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC90">6.6.7 Units declarations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC91">6.6.8 Interface Control Definition</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Other component labels</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">6.6.3 Component names</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Aliases</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC93">6.6.9.1 Port aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC95">6.6.9.3 CR aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC96">6.6.9.4 Component aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Old-style labels (lbl)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC99">6.6.11.1 SS component labels (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC100"
            >6.6.11.2 Other component labels (old-style)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Parameter passing (old-style)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Structure (struc)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC104">6.7.1 Language txt (struc.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC105">6.7.2 Language tex (struc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC106">6.7.3 Language tex (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Constitutive relationship (cr)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC108"
            >6.8.1 Predefined constitutive relationships</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">6.8.2 DIY constitutive relationships</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC112"
            >6.8.3 Unresolved constitutive relationships</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC113"
            >6.8.4 Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC114"
            >6.8.5 Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Predefined constitutive relationships
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC109">6.8.1.1 lin</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC110">6.8.1.2 exotherm</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Parameters</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC117"
            >6.9.2 Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Numeric parameters (numpar)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Causal bond graph (cbg)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC121">6.10.1 Language fig (cbg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language m (cbg.m)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC123">6.10.2.1 Transformation abg2cbg_m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Elementary system equations (ese)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">6.12.1 Language reduce (dae.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">6.12.2 Language m (dae.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language reduce (dae.r)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC128">6.12.1.1 Transformation ese2dae_r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language m (dae.m)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC130">6.12.2.1 Transformation dae_r2m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Constrained-state Equations (cse)
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">6.13.1 Language reduce (cse.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">6.13.2 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language reduce (cse.r)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC133">6.13.1.1 Transformation dae2cse_r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">
          Ordinary Differential Equations
        </th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">6.14.1 Language reduce (ode.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">6.14.2 Language m (ode.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">6.14.3 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language reduce (ode.r)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC137">6.14.1.1 Transformation cse2ode_r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language m (ode.m)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC139">6.14.2.1 Transformation ode_r2m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Descriptor matrices (dm)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">6.15.1 Language reduce (dm.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">6.15.2 Language m (dm.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Report (rep)</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC146">6.16.2 Language view</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Extending MTT</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC148">7.1 Makefiles</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">7.2 New (DIY) representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">7.3 Component library</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">New (DIY) representations</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC151">7.2.2 Shell-script</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC152">7.2.3 Documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Documentation</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC155">8.1 Manual</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">8.2 On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">On-line documentation</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC157">8.2.1 Brief on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Languages</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC160">9.1 Fig</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top">r</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC163">9.4 c</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Language tools</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">10.2 Xfig</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC173">10.5 LaTeX</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Octave</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">10.4.2 Creating GNU Octave .oct files</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">10.4.3 Creating Matlab .mex files</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">10.4.4 Embedding MTT models in Simulink</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Administration</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC175">11.1 Software components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC176">11.2 REDUCE setup</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">11.3 Octave setup</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">11.4 Paths</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC186">11.5 File structure</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC188">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC190">A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Octave setup</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC178">11.3.1 .octaverc</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC179">11.3.2 .oct file dependencies</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Paths</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC181">11.4.1 $MTTPATH</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC182">11.4.2 $MTT_COMPONENTS</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC183">11.4.3 $MTT_CRS</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC184">11.4.4 $MTT_EXAMPLES</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC185">11.4.5 $OCTAVE_PATH</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></th>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <hr size="1" />
    <a name="SEC1" id="SEC1"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <a name="Introduction" id="Introduction"></a>
    <h1>1. Introduction</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC1::-->
    <p><a name="IDX1" id="IDX1"></a></p>
    <p><a name="IDX2" id="IDX2"></a></p>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> is a set of Model Transformation Tools based on bond
      graphs. <strong>MTT</strong> implements the theory to be found in the book
      "Metamodelling: Bond Graphs and Dynamic Systems" by Peter Gawthrop and
      Lorcan Smith published by Prentice Hall in 1996 (ISBN 0-13-489824-9).
    </p>
    <p>It implements two features not discussed in that book:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>bicausal bond graphs and</li>
      <li>hierarchical bond graphs.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      In the context of software, it has been said that one good tool is worth
      many packages. UNIX is a good example of this philosophy: the user can put
      together applications from a range of ready made tools. This manual
      describes the application of this philosophy to dynamic system modeling
      embodied in <strong>MTT</strong> - a set of Model Transformation Tools
      each of which implements a single transformation between system
      representations.
    </p>
    <p>System representations have two attributes.</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        A Form: e.g. acausal bond graph, differential algebraic, linear
        state-space etc.
      </li>
      <li>A Language: e.g. Fig, Matlab, LaTeX, Reduce, postscript etc.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      Transformations in <strong>MTT</strong> are accomplished using appropriate
      software (e.g. Octave/Matlab, Reduce) encapsulated in UNIX Bourne shell
      scripts. The relationships between the tools are encoded in a Make File;
      thus the user can specify a final representation and all the necessary
      intermediate transformations are automatically generated.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">1.1 What is a representation?</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC4">1.3 What is a bond graph?</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC12">1.7 Algebraic loops</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC13">1.8 Switched systems</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="What is a Representation?"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC2" id="SEC2"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.1 What is a representation?</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC2::-->
    <p><a name="IDX3" id="IDX3"></a></p>
    <p><a name="IDX4" id="IDX4"></a></p>
    <p>Physical systems have many representations. These include</p>
    <ul>
      <li>a schematic diagram,</li>
      <li>a block diagram,</li>
      <li>a bunch of equations,</li>
      <li>a single differential(-algebraic) equation,</li>
      <li>simulation code,</li>
      <li>linearised state-space (or descriptor) equations,</li>
      <li>transfer function (of the linearised system),</li>
      <li>frequency response (of the linearised system),</li>
      <li>etc...</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      Each of these representations is related to other representations by an
      appropriate transformation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>. In many cases,
      a modeler is presented with a physical system and needs to make a model.
      In particular, a model, in this context, is a representation of the system
      appropriate to a particular use, for example:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>simulation,</li>
      <li>control system design,</li>
      <li>optimisation</li>
      <li>etc.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      Indeed, for a given physical system, the modeler would need to derive a
      number of models. This process can be viewed as a series of steps; each
      involving a transformation between representations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>.
    </p>
    <p>In this context, the following considerations are relevant.</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        There is a unique `core' representation of any system. There are many
        routes from this core representation, each leading to an appropriate
        model. There are many possible routes to this core representation from
        the physical system: the route chosen is a matter of convenience.
      </li>
      <li>
        Because the core representation is unique, it is easy to expand the
        tool-box to include additional transformations from the physical system
        to the core representation and additional transformations from the core
        representation to the mode.
      </li>
      <li>
        Transformation_1 probably cannot, and certainly should not, be
        completely automated. Engineering insight, knowledge and experience is
        essential to capture the essence (with respect to the particular use) of
        the physical system whilst discarding irrelevant form.
      </li>
      <li>
        Representation_1 should be `close' in some sense to the Physical system.
      </li>
      <li>
        The core representation, and hence the representations leading to it,
        must contain enough information to generate all of the required models.
      </li>
      <li>
        Representations must be easily extensible: it must be possible to add
        extra components or attributes without restructuring the representation.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      I happen to believe that Bond graphs (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC4">1.3 What is a bond graph?</a>) provide the most
      convenient and powerful basis for the core representation.
    </p>
    <p><a name="What is a Transformation?"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC3" id="SEC3"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC4">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.2 What is a transformation?</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC3::-->
    <p>
      Each system representation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">1.1 What is a representation?</a> is related to
      other representations by an appropriate transformation as follows:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>Physical system</li>
      <li>Transformation_1 ---&gt; Representation_1</li>
      <li>Transformation_2 ---&gt; Representation_2</li>
      <li>...</li>
      <li>Transformation_N ---&gt; Core representation</li>
      <li>Transformation_N+1 ---&gt; Representation_N+1</li>
      <li>Transformation_N+2 ---&gt; Representation_N+2</li>
      <li>...</li>
      <li>Transformation_N+M ---&gt; Model</li>
    </ul>
    Thus modeling is seen as a sequence of transformations between
    representations.
    <p><a name="Bond graphs"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC4" id="SEC4"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.3 What is a bond graph?</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC4::-->
    <p><a name="IDX5" id="IDX5"></a></p>
    <p><a name="IDX6" id="IDX6"></a></p>
    <p>
      Bond graphs provide a graphical high-level language for describing dynamic
      systems in a precise and unambiguous fashion. They make a clear
      distinction between structure (how components are connected together), and
      behavior (the particular constitutive relationships, or physical laws,
      describing each component.
    </p>
    <p>They can describe a range of physical systems including:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>Electrical systems</li>
      <li>Mechanical systems</li>
      <li>Hydraulic systems</li>
      <li>Chemical process systems</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      More importantly, they can describe systems which contain subsystems drawn
      from all of these domains in a uniform manner.
    </p>
    <p>
      Bond graphs are made up of components (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>) connected by bonds (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a>) which define the
      relationship between variables (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Variables" id="Variables"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC5" id="SEC5"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC4">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC6">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.4 Variables</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC5::-->
    In bond graph terminology there are four sorts of variables:
    <ul>
      <li><em>effort</em> variables</li>
      <li><em>flow</em> variables</li>
      <li><em>integrated effort</em> variables</li>
      <li><em>integrated flow</em> variables</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Examples of <em>effort</em> variables are</p>
    <ul>
      <li>voltage</li>
      <li>pressure</li>
      <li>force</li>
      <li>torque</li>
      <li>temperature</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Examples of <em>flow</em> variables are</p>
    <ul>
      <li>current</li>
      <li>volumetric flow rate</li>
      <li>velocity</li>
      <li>angular velocity</li>
      <li>heat flow</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Examples of integrated <em>flow</em> variables are</p>
    <ul>
      <li>charge</li>
      <li>volume</li>
      <li>momentum</li>
      <li>angular momentum</li>
      <li>heat</li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Bonds" id="Bonds"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC6" id="SEC6"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.5 Bonds</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC6::-->
    Bonds connect components (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>) together. Each bond carries two
    variables:
    <ul>
      <li>
        an effort (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>)
        variable and
      </li>
      <li>
        a flow (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>) variable.
      </li>
    </ul>
    Each bond has three notations associated with it:
    <ul>
      <li>a half-arrow,</li>
      <li>a causal stroke and</li>
      <li>a causal half-stroke.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>The half-arrow indicates two things:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>the direction of power (or pseudo power) flow and</li>
      <li>the side of the bond associated with the flow variable.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>The causal stroke indicates two things:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>the effort variable is imposed at the same end as the stroke and</li>
      <li>the flow variable is imposed at the opposite end to the stroke.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>The causal half-stoke indicates one thing:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        if it is on the effort side of the bond, the effort variable is imposed
        at the same end as the stroke or
      </li>
      <li>
        if it is on the flow side of the bond, the flow variable is imposed at
        the opposite end to the stroke.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Components" id="Components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC7" id="SEC7"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC6">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.6 Components</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC7::-->
    <p>
      Components provide the building blocks of a dynamic system when connected
      by bonds (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a>).
      Components have the following attributes:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX7" id="IDX7"></a> <code>ports</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX8" id="IDX8"></a> provide the connections to other
        components (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX9" id="IDX9"></a> <code>constitutive relationships</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX10" id="IDX10"></a> define how the port-variables are
        related (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>)
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Ports" id="Ports"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC8" id="SEC8"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>1.6.1 Ports</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC8::-->
    Components have one or more ports. Each port carries two variables, and
    effort and a flow variable (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>). Any pair of ports can be
    connected by a bond (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a>);
    this connection is equivalent to saying that the effort variables at each
    port are identical and that the flow variables at each port are identical.
    <p>
      Ports are implemented in <strong>MTT</strong> using named SS components.
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      The direction of the named SS components. (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>) is coerced (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</a>) to
      have the same direction as the bons connected to the corresponding port.
      Thus the direction of the direction of the named SS components has no
      significance unless the component is at the top level.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Constitutive relationship"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC9" id="SEC9"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC9::-->
    <p>
      The constitutive relationship of a component defines how the port
      variables are related. This relationship may be linear or non-linear. This
      typically contains symbolic parameters (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</a>) which may be
      replaced, for the purposes of numerical analysis by numeric parameters
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Symbolic parameters"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC10" id="SEC10"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC10::-->
    The constitutive relationship of a system component (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>) typically contains symbolic
    parameters. For example a resistor may have a symbolic resistance r. It is
    convenient to leave such parameters as symbols when viewing equations or
    when performing symbolic analysis such as differentiation.
    <p>
      However, <strong>MTT</strong> allows replacement of symbolic parameters by
      numeric parameters (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a>) when appropriate.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Numeric parameters"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC11" id="SEC11"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC12">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>1.6.4 Numeric parameters</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC11::-->
    Numerical parameters are needed to give specific values to symbolic
    parameters (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</a>) for the purposes of
    numeric analysis; for example: simulation, graph plotting or use within a
    numerical package such as Octave (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>).
    <p><a name="Algebraic loops"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC12" id="SEC12"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC13">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.7 Algebraic loops</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC12::-->
    Following Chapter 3 of the book, algebraic loops appear as under-causal
    components in the bond graph. It is up to the modeler to indicate how these
    loops are to be resolved by adding appropriate SS elements.
    <p>
      In particular if zero junction is undercausal an SS:loop component (with
      effort output indicated by a causal stroke) with the following label file
      entry:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  loop SS unknown,zero
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      For more information, refer to: "Metamodelling: Bond Graphs and Dynamic
      Systems" by Peter Gawthrop and Lorcan Smith published by Prentice Hall in
      1996 (ISBN 0-13-489824-9).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Switched systems"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC13" id="SEC13"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC12">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">Up</a> ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>1.8 Switched systems</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC13::-->
    <p>
      Some systems contain switch-like components. For example an electrical
      system may contain on-off switches and diodes and a hydraulic system may
      shut-off valves and non-return valves.
    </p>
    <p>
      Such systems are sometimes called hybrid systems. The modelling an
      simulation of such systems is the subject of current research.
      <strong>MTT</strong> implements a simple pragmatic approach to the
      modelling and simulation of such systems via two new Bond Graph
      components:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX11" id="IDX11"></a> <code>ISW</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX12" id="IDX12"></a> a switched <code>I</code> component
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX13" id="IDX13"></a> <code>CSW</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX14" id="IDX14"></a> a switched <code>C</code> component
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      These switches are user controlled through the logic representation (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC43">4.4 Simulation logic</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="User interface"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC14" id="SEC14"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC13">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC1">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>2. User interface</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC14::-->
    There are two user interfaces to <strong>MTT</strong>: a command line
    interface (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">2.2 Command line interface</a>) and a menu-driven
    interface (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">2.1 Menu-driven interface</a>).
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">2.1 Menu-driven interface</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">2.2 Command line interface</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC17">2.3 Options</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Menu-driven interface"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC15" id="SEC15"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>2.1 Menu-driven interface</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC15::-->
    The Menu-driven interface for <strong>MTT</strong> is invoked as:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
xmtt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    This will bring up a menu which should be self explanatory :-). Various
    messages will be echoed in the window from whence <strong>xMTT</strong> was
    invoked.
    <p><a name="Command line interface"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC16" id="SEC16"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC17">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>2.2 Command line interface</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC16::-->
    The command line interface for <strong>MTT</strong> is of the form:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt [options] &lt;system_name&gt; &lt;representation&gt; &lt;language&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX15" id="IDX15"></a> <code>[options]</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX16" id="IDX16"></a> the (optional) option switches (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC17">2.3 Options</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX17" id="IDX17"></a> <code>&lt;system_name&gt;</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX18" id="IDX18"></a> the name of the system being transformed
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX19" id="IDX19"></a> <code>&lt;representation&gt;</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX20" id="IDX20"></a> the mnemonic for the system
        representation (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX21" id="IDX21"></a> <code>&lt;language&gt;</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX22" id="IDX22"></a> the mnemonic for language for the
        representation (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a>)
      </dd>
    </dl>
    for example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc rep view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    creates a view of the report describing system rc and
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc sm m
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    creates an m file (suitlable for Octave or Matlab) containing state matrices
    describing the system rc. <a name="Options" id="Options"></a>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC17" id="SEC17"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>2.3 Options</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC17::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> has a number of optional switches to control its
      operation. These are invoked immediately after `mtt' on the command line;
      for example:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -o -ss -cc syst cbg view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    invokes the <code>-o</code>, <code>-ss</code>, and <code>-cc</code>
    options.
    <p>
      If you wish to use an option all the time, use the alias function
      appropriate to the shell you are using. For example, using bash:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
alias mtt='mtt -o -ss -cc'
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Means that the previous example can be executed using
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt syst cbg view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>The available options are:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX23" id="IDX23"></a> <code>-q</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX24" id="IDX24"></a> quiet mode -- suppress MTT banner</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX25" id="IDX25"></a> <code>-A</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX26" id="IDX26"></a> solve algebraic equations symbolically
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX27" id="IDX27"></a> <code>-ae</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX28" id="IDX28"></a> &lt;hybrd&gt; solve algebraic equations
        numerically (this option requires -cc or -oct)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX29" id="IDX29"></a> <code>-D</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX30" id="IDX30"></a> debug -- leave log files etc</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX31" id="IDX31"></a> <code>-I</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX32" id="IDX32"></a> prints more information</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX33" id="IDX33"></a> <code>-abg</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX34" id="IDX34"></a> start at abg.m representation</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX35" id="IDX35"></a> <code>-c</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX36" id="IDX36"></a> c-code generation</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX37" id="IDX37"></a> <code>-cc</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX38" id="IDX38"></a> C++ code generation</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX39" id="IDX39"></a> <code>-d</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX40" id="IDX40"></a> &lt;dir&gt; use directory &lt;dir&gt;
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX41" id="IDX41"></a> <code>-dc</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX42" id="IDX42"></a> Maximise derivative (not integral)
        causality
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX43" id="IDX43"></a> <code>-dc</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX44" id="IDX44"></a> Maximise derivative (not integral)
        causality
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX45" id="IDX45"></a> <code>-i</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX46" id="IDX46"></a> &lt;implicit|euler|rk4&gt; Use implicit,
        euler or Runge Kutta IVintegration
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX47" id="IDX47"></a> <code>-o</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX48" id="IDX48"></a> ode is same as dae</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX49" id="IDX49"></a> <code>-oct</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX50" id="IDX50"></a> use oct files in place of m files where
        appropriate
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX51" id="IDX51"></a> <code>-opt</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX52" id="IDX52"></a> optimise code generation</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX53" id="IDX53"></a> <code>-p</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX54" id="IDX54"></a> print environment variables</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX55" id="IDX55"></a> <code>-partition</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX56" id="IDX56"></a> partition hierachical system</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX57" id="IDX57"></a> <code>-r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX58" id="IDX58"></a> reset time stamp on representation
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX59" id="IDX59"></a> <code>-s</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX60" id="IDX60"></a> try to generate sensitivity BG
        (experimental)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX61" id="IDX61"></a> <code>-ss</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX62" id="IDX62"></a> use steady-state info to initialise
        simulations
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX63" id="IDX63"></a> <code>-stdin</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX64" id="IDX64"></a> read input data from standard input for
        simulations
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX65" id="IDX65"></a> <code>-sub</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX66" id="IDX66"></a> &lt;subsystem&gt; operate on this
        subsystem
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX67" id="IDX67"></a> <code>-t</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX68" id="IDX68"></a> tidy mode (default)</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX69" id="IDX69"></a> <code>-u</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX70" id="IDX70"></a> untidy mode (leaves files in current
        dir)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX71" id="IDX71"></a> <code>-v</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX72" id="IDX72"></a> verbose mode (multiple uses increase the
        verbosity)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX73" id="IDX73"></a> <code>-viewlevel</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX74" id="IDX74"></a> &lt;N&gt; View N levels of hierachy
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX75" id="IDX75"></a> <code>--version</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX76" id="IDX76"></a> print version and exit</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX77" id="IDX77"></a> <code>--versions</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX78" id="IDX78"></a> print version of mtt and components and
        exit
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="Utilities" id="Utilities"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC18" id="SEC18"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC17">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>2.4 Utilities</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC18::-->
    <strong>MTT</strong> provides some utilities to help you keep track of model
    building and to keep things clean and tidy. The commands, and there purpose
    are:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX79" id="IDX79"></a> <code>mtt help</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX80" id="IDX80"></a> Lists the help/browser commands</dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX81" id="IDX81"></a> <code>mtt copy &lt;system&gt;</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX82" id="IDX82"></a> Copies the system (ie directory and
        enclosed files) to the current working directory.
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX83" id="IDX83"></a>
        <code>mtt rename &lt;old_name&gt; &lt;new_name&gt;</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX84" id="IDX84"></a> Renames all of the defining
        representations (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>) and textually
        changes each file appropriately.
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX85" id="IDX85"></a> <code>mtt &lt;system&gt; clean</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX86" id="IDX86"></a> Remove all files generated by
        <strong>MTT</strong> associated with system `system'.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX87" id="IDX87"></a> <code>mtt clean</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX88" id="IDX88"></a> Remove all files generated by
        <strong>MTT</strong> associated with all systems within the current
        directory.
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX89" id="IDX89"></a>
        <code>mtt system representation vc</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX90" id="IDX90"></a> Apply version control to representation
        `representation' of system `system'.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX91" id="IDX91"></a> <code>mtt system vc</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX92" id="IDX92"></a> Apply version control to all
        representations (under version control) system `system'.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    These are described in more detail in the following sections.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">2.4.1 Help</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC25">2.4.2 Copy</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC26">2.4.3 Clean</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Help" id="Help"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC19" id="SEC19"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>2.4.1 Help</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC19::-->
    <strong>MTT</strong> implements a browser to keep track of all the systems,
    subsystems and constitutive relationships that you, and others may write. It
    is invoked in the following ways:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
       mtt help representations
       mtt help components
       mtt help examples
       mtt help crs
       mtt help representations &lt;match_string&gt;
       mtt help components &lt;match_string&gt;
       mtt help examples  &lt;match_string&gt;
       mtt help crs &lt;match_string&gt;
       mtt help &lt;component_or_example_or_CR_name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">2.4.1.1 help representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC21">2.4.1.2 help components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC22">2.4.1.3 help examples</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC23">2.4.1.4 help crs</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC24">2.4.1.5 help &lt;name&gt;</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="help representations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC20" id="SEC20"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC21">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>2.4.1.1 help representations</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC20::-->
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help representations
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists all of the representations (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a>) available in
    <strong>MTT</strong>. These may change as the version number of
    <strong>MTT</strong> increases.
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help representations &lt;match_string&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists those representation which contain the string
    <code>match_string</code>. This string can be any regular expression (see
    standard Linux documentation under <code>awk</code>). For example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help representations descriptor
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives all representations containing the word <code>descriptor</code>.
    <p><a name="help components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC21" id="SEC21"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC22">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>2.4.1.2 help components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC21::-->
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help components
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists all of the components (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>) available in
    <strong>MTT</strong>. These may change as the version number of
    <strong>MTT</strong> increases.
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help components &lt;match_string&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists those component which contain the string <code>match_string</code>.
    This string can be any regular expression (see standard Linux documentation
    under <code>awk</code>). For example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help components source
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives all components containing the word <code>component</code>.
    <p><a name="help examples"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC22" id="SEC22"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC21">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC23">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>2.4.1.3 help examples</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC22::-->
    <p>
      This command provides a good way to get started in <strong>MTT</strong>.
      having found an interesting example, copy it to your working directory
      using
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy &lt;example_name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC25">2.4.2 Copy</a>)
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help examples
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists all of the examples available in <strong>MTT</strong>. This list will
    change as more examples are added.
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help examples &lt;match_string&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists those component which contain the string <code>match_string</code>.
    This string can be any regular expression (see standard Linux documentation
    under <code>awk</code>). For example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help examples pharmokinetic
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives all examples containing the word <code>pharmokinetic</code>.
    <p><a name="help crs"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC23" id="SEC23"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC22">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC24">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>2.4.1.4 help crs</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC23::-->
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help crs
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists all of the constitutive relationships (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>) available in
    <strong>MTT</strong>. These may change as the version number of
    <strong>MTT</strong> increases.
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help crs &lt;match_string&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists those constitutive relationships which contain the string
    <code>match_string</code>. This string can be any regular expression (see
    standard Linux documentation under <code>awk</code>). For example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help crs sin
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives all crs containing the word <code>sin</code>.
    <p><a name="help &amp;lt;name&amp;gt;"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC24" id="SEC24"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC23">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC25">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC19">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>2.4.1.5 help &lt;name&gt;</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC24::-->
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help &lt;name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives a detailed description of the entity called <code>name</code>.
    <p><a name="Copy" id="Copy"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC25" id="SEC25"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC24">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC26">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>2.4.2 Copy</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC25::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> provides a way of copying examples to your working
      directory:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy &lt;example_name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>Use the command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help examples
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC22">2.4.1.3 help examples</a>) to find
    something of interest.
    <p>
      Note that components and constitutive relationships are automatically
      copied when required.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Clean" id="Clean"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC26" id="SEC26"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC25">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC27">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>2.4.3 Clean</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC26::-->
    <strong>MTT</strong> generates a lot of representations in a number of
    languages. Some of these you will edit yourself; others can always be
    recreated by <strong>MTT</strong>. It makes sense, therefore to have a
    utility that removes all of these other files when you have finished
    actively working with a particular system. These are two versions:
    <ol>
      <li><code>mtt system clean</code></li>
      <li><code>mtt clean</code></li>
    </ol>
    The first removes all files that can be regenerated with
    <strong>MTT</strong> associated with system `system'; the second removes all
    such files associated with all systems in the current working directory.
    <p>
      The files which remain after such a clean are the Defining representations
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Version control"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC27" id="SEC27"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC26">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC18">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>2.4.4 Version control</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC27::-->
    <p>
      When you are working on a modeling project, it is easy to forget what
      changes you made to a system and why you made them. Sometimes, you may
      regret some changes and wish to revert to an earlier version: even if you
      use .old files this may be difficult to achieve safely.
    </p>
    <p>
      These are very similar problems to those faced by software developers and
      can be solved in the same way: using version control.<strong>MTT</strong>
      provides version control using the standard GNU Revision Control System
      (RCS). This is hidden from the user, but is fully complementary to direct
      use of RCS (e.g. via emacs vc commands) to the more experienced user who
      wishes to do so.
    </p>
    <p>
      The only files that you should ever change (i.e. the ones never
      overwritten by <strong>MTT</strong>) are the Defining representations (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      All of the files, with the exception of <code>system_abg.fig</code>, are
      initially created by <strong>MTT</strong> and contain the RCS header for
      version control.
    </p>
    <p>
      The <strong>MTT</strong> version control will automatically expand this
      part of the text to include all change comments that you give it -- so
      will direct use of RCS (e.g. via emacs vc commands)
    </p>
    <p>The <strong>MTT</strong> version commands are as follows:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX93" id="IDX93"></a>
        <code>mtt system representation vc</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX94" id="IDX94"></a> Apply version control to representation
        `representation' of system `system'.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX95" id="IDX95"></a> <code>mtt system vc</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX96" id="IDX96"></a> Apply version control to all
        representations (under version control) system `system'.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      The first is appropriate after you have made a revision to a single file.
      It will prompt you for a change comment; this will be automatically
      included in the file header. In addition, enough information will be saved
      to enable any version to be retrieved via RCS.
    </p>
    <p>
      The second is appropriate to record the state of the entire model. This
      assumes that all relevant files have been recorded by the first version of
      the command. Once again, old versions of the entire model can be retrieved
      using the relevant RCS commands.
    </p>
    <p>
      A subdirectory `RCS' is created to hold this information. You need not
      bother about the contents, except that you must not delete any files
      within `RCS'.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Creating Models"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC28" id="SEC28"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC27">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC29">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC14">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>3. Creating Models</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC28::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> helps you to analyse and transform system models --
      ultimately the process of capturing the real world in a model is up to
      you. This chapter discusses the <strong>MTT</strong> aspects of creating a
      model. For convenience, this is divided into creating simple models and
      creating complex models.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC29">3.1 Quick start</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">3.2 Creating simple models</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">3.3 Creating complex models</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Quick start"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC29" id="SEC29"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>3.1 Quick start</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC29::-->
    <p>
      It is probably worth a quick skim though <strong>MTT</strong> to get a
      flavour of what it can do before plunging into the detail of the rest of
      this document. Here is a series of commands to do this.
    </p>
    <p>Copy an initial set of files describing the bond graph.</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy rc
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Move to it.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
cd rc
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    View the acausal bond graph (the system is called "rc").
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc abg view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    View the causal bond graph of the system.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc cbg view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    View the corresponding ordinary differential equations (ode).
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc ode view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    View the system (output) step response
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc sro view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>An alternative (but more general) way of achieving the same result is</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -c rc odeso view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>View the system transfer function</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc tf view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    View the log modulus frequency response of the system.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc lmfr view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      View the log modulus frequency response of the system for 100
      logarithmically spaced frequencies in the range 0.1 to 10 radians per
      second.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc lmfr view 'W=logspace(-1,1,100);'
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> has a report generation ((see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>) facility which can
      generate a hypertext description of the system.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc rep hview
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The report contents are specified by the rep representation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>), in this case the
      corresponding file is:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
% %% Outline report file for system rc (rc_rep.txt)

mtt rc abg tex
mtt rc struc tex
mtt rc cbg ps
mtt rc ode tex
mtt rc ode dvi
mtt rc sm tex
mtt rc tf tex
mtt rc tf dvi
mtt rc sro ps
mtt rc lmfr ps
mtt rc odes h
mtt rc numpar txt
mtt rc input txt
mtt -c rc odeso ps
mtt rc rep txt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    A non-hypertext version can be viewed using:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc rep view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>Now have a go at modifying the bond graph.</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc abg fig
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    This brings up the bond graph in Xfig (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">10.2 Xfig</a>). Try creating a system with two rs
    and 2 cs.
    <p>More examples can be found using</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help examples
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Details of an example can be found using
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help &lt;example_name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    and copied using
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy &lt;example_name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>Lots of examples are available.</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt help examples
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    lists them and
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy &lt;name&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gets you an example.
    <p>
      A number of examples are to be found &lt;A
      HREF="http://www.mech.gla.ac.uk/~peterg/software/MTT/examples/Examples/Examples.html"&gt;
      here&lt;/A&gt;.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Creating simple models"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC30" id="SEC30"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC29">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>3.2 Creating simple models</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC30::-->
    <p>
      For then purposes of this section, simple models are those which are built
      up from bond graphs involving predefined components. In contrast, more
      complex systems (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">3.3 Creating complex models</a>) need to be built
      up hierarchically.
    </p>
    <p>The recommended sequence of steps to create a simple model is:</p>
    <ol>
      <li>
        Decide on a name for the system; let us call it `syst' for the purposes
        of this discussion.
      </li>
      <li>
        Invoke the Bond Graph editor to draw the acausal Bond Graph.
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
  mtt syst abg fig
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </li>
      <li>
        Draw the Bond Graph (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>), including
        the bonds (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a>), the
        components (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a>) and
        any artwork (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC71">6.4.1.15 Artwork</a>)
        to make the Bond Graph more readable. The graphical editor xfig is (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">10.2 Xfig</a>) is self-explanatory.
        The icon library is helpful here (see see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC57">6.4.1.1 Icon library</a>).
      </li>
      <li>
        Add causal strokes (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>) where needed to define
        causality. As a general rule, use the minimum number of strokes needed
        to define the problem; this will often be only on the
        <code>SS</code> components. (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>). Save the bond
        graph.
      </li>
      <li>
        View the corresponding causal bond graph.
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
  mtt syst cbg view
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <ol>
          <li>
            At this stage, <strong>MTT</strong> will warn you that the labeled
            components do not appear in the label file - this can safely be
            ignored.
          </li>
          <li>
            <strong>MTT</strong> will indicate the percentage of components
            which are causally complete -- ideally this will be 100\%.
            Components which are not causally complete will be listed.
          </li>
          <li>
            A view of the causal bond graph will be created. The added causal
            strokes are indicated in blue, undercausal components in green and
            overcausal components in red.
          </li>
          <li>
            If the bond graph is causally complete, proceed to the next step,
            otherwise think hard and return to the first step.
          </li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>
        At this stage, no constitutive relationships have been defined.
        Nevertheless, <strong>MTT</strong> will proceed in a semi-qualitative
        fashion by assuming that all constitutive relationships are unity (and
        therefore linear). It may be useful at this stage to view various
        derived representations to check the overall model properties before
        proceeding further. For example:
        <ol>
          <li>
            View the system Differential-algebraic equations
            <table>
              <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td class="example">
                  <pre>
mtt syst dae view
</pre
                  >
                </td>
              </tr>
            </table>
          </li>
          <li>
            View the system state matrices
            <table>
              <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td class="example">
                  <pre>
mtt syst sm view
</pre
                  >
                </td>
              </tr>
            </table>
          </li>
          <li>
            View the system transfer function
            <table>
              <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td class="example">
                  <pre>
mtt syst tf view
</pre
                  >
                </td>
              </tr>
            </table>
          </li>
          <li>
            View the system step response
            <table>
              <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td class="example">
                  <pre>
mtt syst sro view
</pre
                  >
                </td>
              </tr>
            </table>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>
        As well as creating the causal bond graph, <strong>MTT</strong> has also
        generated templates for other text files (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>) used to
        further specify the system. These can now be edited using your favorite
        text editor (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>).
      </li>
      <li>
        <strong>MTT</strong> will now generate the representations (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>)that you desire.
        For example the system can be simulated by
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
mtt syst odeso view
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <strong>MTT</strong> will complain if a component is named in the bond
        graph but not in the label file and vice versa. This mainly to catch
        typing errors.
      </li>
    </ol>
    <p><a name="Creating complex models"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC31" id="SEC31"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC32">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>3.3 Creating complex models</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC31::-->
    <p>
      Complex models -- in distinction to simple models (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">3.2 Creating simple models</a>) -- have a
      hierarchical structure. In particular, bond graph components can be
      created by specifying their bond graph. Typically, such components will
      have more than one port (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>); within each component, ports are
      represented by named SS components (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>); outwith each
      component, ports are unambiguously identified by labels (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>) and vector labels (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      Complex models are thus created by conceptually decomposing the system
      into simple subsystems, and then creating the corresponding bond graphs.
      The procedure for simple systems (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">3.2 Creating simple models</a>) is then followed
      using the top level system (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC32">3.3.1 Top level</a>); <strong>MTT</strong> then
      recursively operates on the lower level systems.
    </p>
    <p>
      The report representation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>) provides a convenient way
      of viewing a complex system.
    </p>
    <p>An example of such a system can be created as follows:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy twolink
mtt twolink rep hview
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The result is &lt;A
      HREF="./examples/twolink/twolink_rep/twolink_rep.html"&gt; here&lt;/A&gt;.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC32">3.3.1 Top level</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Top level"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC32" id="SEC32"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>3.3.1 Top level</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC32::-->
    The top level of a complex model contains subsystems but is not, itself,
    contained by other systems. It has the following special features:
    <ul>
      <li>its name is used in the mtt command as the system name.</li>
      <li>
        all named SS componenents (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>) are treated as
        ordinary SS components (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>).
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Simulation" id="Simulation"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC33" id="SEC33"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC32">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC28">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>4. Simulation</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC33::-->
    One purpose of modelling is to simulate the modeled dynamic system. Although
    this is just another transformation (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>) and therefore is
    covered in the appropriate chapter (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a>), it is important enough to
    be given its own chapter.
    <p>
      Simulation is typically performed using an appropriate simulation language
      (which is often inappropriately conflated with modelling tools).
      <strong>MTT</strong> provides a number of alternative routes to simulation
      based on the following representations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a>):
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX97" id="IDX97"></a> <code>cse</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX98" id="IDX98"></a> constrained-state differential equation
        form
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX99" id="IDX99"></a> <code>ode</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX100" id="IDX100"></a> ordinary differential (or state-space)
        equations
      </dd>
    </dl>
    in each case these equations may be linear or nonlinear.
    <p>
      Special cases of numerical simulation, appropriate to
      <em>linear</em> systems, are:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX101" id="IDX101"></a> <code>ir</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX102" id="IDX102"></a> impulse response - state</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX103" id="IDX103"></a> <code>iro</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX104" id="IDX104"></a> impulse response - output</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX105" id="IDX105"></a> <code>sr</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX106" id="IDX106"></a> impulse response - state</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX107" id="IDX107"></a> <code>sro</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX108" id="IDX108"></a> impulse response - output</dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      There are a number of languages (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a>) which can be used to describe
      these representations for the purposes of numerical simulation:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX109" id="IDX109"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX110" id="IDX110"></a> <code>octave</code> a high-level
        interactive language for numerical computation.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX111" id="IDX111"></a> <code>c</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX112" id="IDX112"></a> <code>gcc</code> a c compiler.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX113" id="IDX113"></a> <code>cc</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX114" id="IDX114"></a> <code>g++</code> a C++ front-end to
        gcc.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>There are a number solution algorithms available:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>explicit solution via the matrix exponential</li>
      <li>backward Euler integration (explicit)</li>
      <li>forward Euler integration (implicit)</li>
      <li>Runge Kutta IV integration (explicit, fixed step)</li>
      <li>Hybrd algebraic solver (MINPACK, Octave fsolve)</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      However, all combinations of representation, language and solution method
      are not supported by <strong>MTT</strong> at the moment. Given a system
      `system', some recommended commands are:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX115" id="IDX115"></a> <code>mtt system iro view</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX116" id="IDX116"></a> creates the impulse response of a
        <em>linear</em> system via the system_sm.m representation using explicit
        solution via the matrix exponential.
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX117" id="IDX117"></a> <code>mtt system sro view</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX118" id="IDX118"></a> creates the step response of a
        <em>linear</em> system via the system_sm.m representation using explicit
        solution via the matrix exponential.
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX119" id="IDX119"></a> <code>mtt -c system odeso view</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX120" id="IDX120"></a> creates the response of a
        <em>nonlinear</em> system via the system_ode.c representation using
        implicit integration.
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX121" id="IDX121"></a>
        <code>mtt -c -i euler system odeso view</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX122" id="IDX122"></a> creates the response of a
        <em>nonlinear</em> system via the system_ode.c representation using
        euler integration.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      Simulation parameters are described in the system_simpar.txt file (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">4.2 Simulation parameters</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      The steady-state solution of a system can also be "simulated"(see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">4.1 Steady-state solutions</a>).
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">4.1 Steady-state solutions</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">4.2 Simulation parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC42">4.3 Simulation input</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC43">4.4 Simulation logic</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC44">4.5 Simulation initial state</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC45">4.6 Simulation code</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Steady-state solutions"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC34" id="SEC34"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC35">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.1 Steady-state solutions</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC34::-->
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC35">4.1.1 Steady-state solutions (odess)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">4.1.2 Steady-state solutions (ss)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Steady-state solutions - numerical(odess)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC35" id="SEC35"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.1.1 Steady-state solutions (odess)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC35::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> can compute the steady-state solutions of an ordinary
      differential equation; this used the octave function `fsolve'. The
      solution is computed as a function of time using the input specified in
      the input file. The simulation parameter file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">4.2 Simulation parameters</a>) is used to provide
      the time scales.
    </p>
    <p>For example</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy rc
cd rc
mtt rc odess view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Steady-state solutions - symbolic (ss)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC36" id="SEC36"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC35">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.1.2 Steady-state solutions (ss)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC36::-->
    A rudimentary form of steady-state solution exists in mtt. The steady states
    and inouts are supplied by the user in the file system_simpar.r and the
    corresponding output and sate derivative computed by
    <strong>MTT</strong> using
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt system ss view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>For example</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy rc
cd rc
mtt rc sspar view
mtt rc ss view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Simulation parameters"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC37" id="SEC37"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC38">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.2 Simulation parameters</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC37::-->
    <p>
      Simulation parameters are set in the system_simpar.txt file. At the moment
      this sets the following variables:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>LAST the last simulation time</li>
      <li>DT the incremental time (for plotting)</li>
      <li>
        STEPFACTOR the number of integration steps per DT -- thus the
        integration interval is DT/STEPFACTOR
      </li>
      <li>WMIN Minimum frequency = 10^WMIN</li>
      <li>WMAX Maximum frequency = 10^WMAX</li>
      <li>WSTEPS Number of Frequency steps.</li>
      <li>INPUT The input index for frequency response</li>
    </ul>
    <p>There are a number of solution algorithms</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        Euler basic Euler integration (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC38">4.2.1 Euler integration</a>). This method is
        simple, but not recommended for stiff systems.
      </li>
      <li>
        Implicit semi-implicit integration (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC39">4.2.2 Implicit integration</a>) - uses the smx
        representation to give stability.
      </li>
      <li>
        Runge Kutta IV fixed step Runge Kutta fourth order integration (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC40">4.2.3 Runge Kutta IV integration</a>).
      </li>
      <li>Hybrd numerical algebraic equation solver</li>
    </ul>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC38">4.2.1 Euler integration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC39">4.2.2 Implicit integration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC40">4.2.3 Runge Kutta IV integration</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC41">4.2.4 Hybrd algebraic solver</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Euler integration"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC38" id="SEC38"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC39">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.2.1 Euler integration</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC38::-->
    Euler integration approximates the solution of the Ordinary Differential
    Equation
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
dx/dt = f(x,u)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    by
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
x := x + f(x,u)*DDT
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
DDT = DT/STEPFACTOR
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    If the system is linear, stability is ensured if the integer STEPFACTOR is
    chosen to be greater than the real number
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
(maximum eigenvalue of -A)*DT/2
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where A is the nxn matrix appearing in
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
f(x,u) = Ax + Bu
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    If the system is non linear, the linearised system matrix A should act as a
    guide to the choice of STEPFACTOR.
    <p><a name="Implicit integration"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC39" id="SEC39"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC38">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC40">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.2.2 Implicit integration</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC39::-->
    Implicit integration approximates the solution of the Ordinary Differential
    Equation
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
dx/dt = f(x,u)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    by
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
(I-A*DT)x := (I-A*DT)x + f(x,u)DT
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where A is the linearised system matrix. This implies the solution of N
    (=number of states) linear equations at each sample interval. The OCTAVE
    version used the `\' operator to solve the set of linear equations, the C
    version uses LU decomposition.
    <p>
      If the system is linear, stability is ensured unconditionaly. If the
      system is non-linear, then the method still works well.
    </p>
    <p>
      This method is nice in that choice of DT trades of accuracy against
      computation time without compromising stability. In addition, the correct
      stready-state values are achieved.
    </p>
    <p>
      This approach can also be used for constrained state equations of the
      form:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
E(x) dx/dt = f(x,u)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where E(x) is a state-dependent matrix. The approximate solution is then
    given by:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
(E(x)-A*DT)x := (E(x)-A*DT)x + f(x,u)DT
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    which reduces to the ordinary differential equation case when E(x)=I.
    <p>The _smx representation includes the E matrix.</p>
    <p><a name="Runge Kutta IV integration"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC40" id="SEC40"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC39">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC41">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.2.3 Runge Kutta IV integration</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC40::-->
    Runge Kutta IV approximates the solution of the Ordinary Differential
    Equation
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
dx/dt = f(x,t)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>by</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
x := x + (DT/6)*(k1 + 2*k2 + 2*k3 + k4)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>where</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
k1 := f(x,t)
k2 := f(x+(1/2)*k1,t+(1/2)*DT)
k3 := f(x+(1/2)*k2,t+(1/2)*DT)
k4 := f(x+k3,t+DT)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The <strong>MTT</strong> implementation of Runge-Kutta integration is a
      fourth order, fixed-step, explicit integration method.
    </p>
    <p>
      For some systems of equations, the increased accuracy of using a fourth
      order method can allow larger step-lengths to be used than would allowed
      by the lower order Euler integration method.
    </p>
    <p>
      It should be noted that during the interemediate calculations (k1...k4),
      the input vector <code>u</code> is not advanced w.r.t. time; the system
      inputs are assumed to be constant over the period of the integration
      step-length.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Hybrd algebraic solver"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC41" id="SEC41"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC40">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC42">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.2.4 Hybrd algebraic solver</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC41::-->
    <p>
      The hybrd algebraic solver of
      <a href="http://www.netlib.org/minpack/hybrd.f">MINPACK</a>, which is used
      by Octave in the <code>fsolve</code> routine, may be used in conjunction
      with one of the other integration methods to solve semi-explicit, index 1,
      differential algebraic equations; these may be generated in
      <strong>MTT</strong> models by use of <code>unknown</code> SS Components
      see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC84">6.6.1 SS component labels</a>.
    </p>
    <p>
      This method requires that compiled simulation code is used; either -cc or
      -oct. To perform a simulation based on a model <code>sys</code>,
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -cc -ae hybrd -i euler sys odeso view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> will attempt to minimise the residual error at each
      integration time-step using the hybrd routine.
    </p>
    <p>
      This method of simulation is particularly well suited to stiff systems
      where very fast dynamics are of little interest. Care must be taken to
      ensure that an acceptable level of convergence is achieved by the solver
      for the system under investigation.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Simulation input"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC42" id="SEC42"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC41">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC43">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.3 Simulation input</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC42::-->
    This is defined in the system_input.txt file. A default file is created
    automatically by <strong>MTT</strong>. This is done explicitly by
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt system input txt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    If the file already exists, the same command checks that all inputs are
    defined and that all defined inputs exist in the system and promts the user
    to correct discrepancies.
    <p>
      Inputs are defined by the full system name appearing in the structure file
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>). They
      can depend on states (again defined by name), time (defined by t) and
      parameters
    </p>
    <p>For example:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
system_pump_l_1_u      = 4e5*atm;
system_pump_r_1_u       = 4e5*(t&lt;10)*atm;
system_ss_i             = 0*kg;
system_ss_o             = 3e-3*kg;
system_v_1_u            = (t&gt;10);
system_v_ll_1_u         = 1;
system_v_lr_1_u         = (t&lt;10);
system_v_ul_1_u         = 0;
system_v_ur_1_u         = (t&gt;10);
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Simulation logic"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC43" id="SEC43"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC42">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC44">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.4 Simulation logic</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC43::-->
    This is defined in the system_logic.txt file. A default file is created
    automatically by <strong>MTT</strong>. This is done explicitly by
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt system logic txt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    If the file already exists, the same command checks that the logic
    corresponding to all switch states (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC13">1.8 Switched systems</a>) are defined and that all
    defined logic exists in the system and promts the user to correct
    discrepancies.
    <p>
      Logical inputs are defined by the full system name corresponding to
      MTT_switch components appearing in the structure file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>)
      <em>with `_logic' appended</em>. They can depend on states (again defined
      by name), time (defined by t) and parameters
    </p>
    <p>For example:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
bounce_ground_1_mtt_switch_logic       = bounce_intf_1_mtt3&lt;0;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Simulation initial state"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC44" id="SEC44"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC43">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC45">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.5 Simulation initial state</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC44::-->
    This is defined in the system_state.txt file. A default file is created
    automatically by <strong>MTT</strong>. This is done explicitly by
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt system state txt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    If the file already exists, the same command checks that all states are
    defined and that all defined states exist in the system and prompts the user
    to correct discrepancies.
    <p>
      States are defined by the full system name appearing in the structure file
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>). They
      can depend on parameters. For example
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
system_c_l     = (1e4/k_l)/kg;
system_c_ll     = (1e4/k_s)/kg;
system_c_lr     = (1e4/k_s)/kg;
system_c_u      = (1e4/k_l)/kg;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Simulation code"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC45" id="SEC45"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC44">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC46">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.6 Simulation code</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC45::-->
    simulation code can be generated by <strong>MTT</strong> in the form of the
    <code>ode2odes</code> transformation. This can be produced in a number of
    languages, including .m, .oct, C and C++ see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a>.
    <p>To generate simulation code in C:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -c [options] sys ode2odes c
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>Similarly, to generate C++ code:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -cc [options] sys ode2odes cc
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>To generate an executable based on the C++ representation:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -cc [options] sys ode2odes exe
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC46">4.6.1 Dynamically linked functions</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Dynamically linked functions"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC46" id="SEC46"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC45">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC47">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC45">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.6.1 Dynamically linked functions</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC46::-->
    <p>
      Some model representations can be compiled into dynamically loaded code
      (shared objects) which are compiled prior to use in other modelling and
      simulation environments; in particular, .oct files can be generated for
      use in GNU Octave (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">10.4.2 Creating GNU Octave .oct files</a>) and
      .mex files can be generated for use in Matlab (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">10.4.3 Creating Matlab .mex files</a>) or
      Simulink (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">10.4.4 Embedding MTT models in Simulink</a>).
      The use of compiled (and possibly compiler-optimised) code can offer
      significant processing speed advantages over equivalent interpreted
      functions (e.g. .m files) for computationally intensive procedures.
    </p>
    <p>
      The C++ code generated by <strong>MTT</strong> allows the same code to be
      generated as standalone code, Octave .oct files or Matlab .mexglx files.
      Although <strong>MTT</strong> usually takes care of the compilation
      options, if it is necessary to compile the code on a machine on which
      <strong>MTT</strong> is not installed, the appropriate flag should be
      passed to the compiler pre-processor:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li><code>-DCODEGENTARGET=STANDALONE</code></li>
      <li><code>-DCODEGENTARGET=OCTAVEDLD</code></li>
      <li><code>-DCODEGENTARGET=MATLABMEX</code></li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Simulation output"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC47" id="SEC47"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC46">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC48">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>4.7 Simulation output</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC47::-->
    The view (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>)
    representation provides a graphical representation of the results of a
    simulation; the postscript language provides the same thing in a form that
    can be included in a document.
    <p>These are two simulation output representations</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX123" id="IDX123"></a> <code>odes</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX124" id="IDX124"></a> ordinary differential equation
        solution (states)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX125" id="IDX125"></a> <code>odeso</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX126" id="IDX126"></a> ordinary differential equation
        solution (output)
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      Particular output variables can be selected by adding a fourth argument in
      one of 2 forms
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX127" id="IDX127"></a> <code>'name1;name2;..;namen'</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX128" id="IDX128"></a> plot the variables with names na1 ..
        namen against time
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX129" id="IDX129"></a> <code>'name1:name2'</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX130" id="IDX130"></a> plot the variable with name2 against
        that with name 1
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>An example of plotting a single variable against time is:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -o -c -ss OttoCycle odeso ps 'OttoCycle_cycle_V'
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    An example of plotting one variable against another is:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt -o -c -ss OttoCycle odeso ps 'OttoCycle_cycle_V:OttoCycle_cycle_P'
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC48">4.7.1 Viewing results with gnuplot</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC49">4.7.2 Exporting results to SciGraphica</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Viewing results with gnuplot"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC48" id="SEC48"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC47">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC49">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC47">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.7.1 Viewing results with gnuplot</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC48::-->
    <p>
      Simulation plots may be conveniently selected, viewed with
      <a href="http://www.gnuplot.org">gnuplot</a> and saved to file (in
      PostScript format) using the command
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt [options] rc gnuplot view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      This will cause a menu to be displayed, from which states and outputs may
      be selected for viewing. Clicking on a <em>parameter name</em> will, by
      default, cause the time history of the selected parameter to be displayed.
    </p>
    <p>
      As with <strong>xMTT</strong> (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">2.1 Menu-driven interface</a>), the Wish Tcl/Tk
      interpreter must be installed to make use of this feature.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Exporting results to SciGraphica"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC49" id="SEC49"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC48">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC47">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>4.7.2 Exporting results to SciGraphica</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC49::-->
    <p>
      Simulation results can be converted into an XML-format
      <a href="http://scigraphica.sourceforge.net">SciGraphica</a> (version
      0.61) <em>.sg</em> file with the command
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt [options] sys odes sg
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The SciGraphica file will contain two worksheets, X_sys and Y_sys,
      containing the state and output time-histories from the simulation.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Sensitivity models"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC50" id="SEC50"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC49">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC33">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>5. Sensitivity models</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC50::-->
    <p>
      The sensitivity model of a system is a set of equations giving the
      sensitivity of the system outputs with respect to system parameters.
      <strong>MTT</strong> has built in methods for assisting with the
      development of such models.
    </p>
    <p>
      This feature is experimental at the moment, but the following example
      gives an idea of what can be achieved.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt copy rc
cd rc
mtt -s src ode view
mtt -s src odeso view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    The sensitivity system src is automatically created from the system rc using
    the predefined sR and sC components together with vector junctions (see
    section <a href="mtt.html#SEC70">6.4.1.14 Vector Components</a>). The four
    outputs are the two system outputs plus the two sensitivity functions.
    <p>
      An alternative route is to create the sensitivity functions by symbolic
      differentiation. The following sensitivity representations are available:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX131" id="IDX131"></a> <code>scse</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX132" id="IDX132"></a> sensitivity constrained-state
        equations
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX133" id="IDX133"></a> <code>sm</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX134" id="IDX134"></a> sensitivity state matrices</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX135" id="IDX135"></a> <code>scsm</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX136" id="IDX136"></a> sensitivity constrained-state matrices
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="Representations" id="Representations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC51" id="SEC51"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC50">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>6. Representations</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC51::-->
    <p>
      As discussed in <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">1.1 What is a representation?</a>,
      a system has many representations. The purpose of <strong>MTT</strong> is
      to provide an easy way to generate such representation by applying the
      appropriate sequence of transformations. The representations supported by
      <strong>MTT</strong> are summarised in
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>.
    </p>
    <p>
      There is a two-fold division of representations into those with which the
      user defines the system and its various attributes, and those which are
      derived from these. The <em>defining representations</em> are listed in
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>.
    </p>
    <p>
      Each representation is implemented in one or more languages depending on
      its use. These languages are discussed in
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a> and are associated with
      appropriate tools for modifying or viewing the representations.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC54">6.3 Verbal description (desc)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">6.5 Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">6.8 Constitutive relationship (cr)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">6.9 Parameters</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">6.10 Causal bond graph (cbg)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC126"
            >6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Representation summary"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC52" id="SEC52"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.1 Representation summary</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC52::-->
    <p>
      Some of the the representations available in <strong>MTT</strong> are (in
      alphabetical order):
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX137" id="IDX137"></a> <code>abg</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX138" id="IDX138"></a> acausal bond graph</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX139" id="IDX139"></a> <code>cbg</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX140" id="IDX140"></a> causal bond graph</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX141" id="IDX141"></a> <code>cr</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX142" id="IDX142"></a> constitutive relationship for each
        subsystem
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX143" id="IDX143"></a> <code>cse</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX144" id="IDX144"></a> constrained-state equations</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX145" id="IDX145"></a> <code>csm</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX146" id="IDX146"></a> constrained-state matrices</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX147" id="IDX147"></a> <code>dae</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX148" id="IDX148"></a> differential-algebraic equations
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX149" id="IDX149"></a> <code>daes</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX150" id="IDX150"></a> dae solution - state</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX151" id="IDX151"></a> <code>daeso</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX152" id="IDX152"></a> dae solution - output</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX153" id="IDX153"></a> <code>def</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX154" id="IDX154"></a> definitions - system orders etc.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX155" id="IDX155"></a> <code>desc</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX156" id="IDX156"></a> Verbal description of system</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX157" id="IDX157"></a> <code>dm</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX158" id="IDX158"></a> descriptor matrices</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX159" id="IDX159"></a> <code>ese</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX160" id="IDX160"></a> elementary system equations</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX161" id="IDX161"></a> <code>fr</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX162" id="IDX162"></a> frequency response</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX163" id="IDX163"></a> <code>input</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX164" id="IDX164"></a> numerical input declaration</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX165" id="IDX165"></a> <code>ir</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX166" id="IDX166"></a> impulse response - state</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX167" id="IDX167"></a> <code>iro</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX168" id="IDX168"></a> impulse response - output</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX169" id="IDX169"></a> <code>lbl</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX170" id="IDX170"></a> label file</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX171" id="IDX171"></a> <code>lmfr</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX172" id="IDX172"></a> loglog modulus frequency response
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX173" id="IDX173"></a> <code>lpfr</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX174" id="IDX174"></a> semilog phase frequency response
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX175" id="IDX175"></a> <code>nifr</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX176" id="IDX176"></a> Nichols style frequency response
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX177" id="IDX177"></a> <code>numpar</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX178" id="IDX178"></a> numerical parameter declaration</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX179" id="IDX179"></a> <code>nyfr</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX180" id="IDX180"></a> Nyquist style frequency response
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX181" id="IDX181"></a> <code>obs</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX182" id="IDX182"></a> observer equations for CGPC</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX183" id="IDX183"></a> <code>ode</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX184" id="IDX184"></a> ordinary differential equations</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX185" id="IDX185"></a> <code>odes</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX186" id="IDX186"></a> ode solution - state</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX187" id="IDX187"></a> <code>odes</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX188" id="IDX188"></a> ODE simulation header file</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX189" id="IDX189"></a> <code>odeso</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX190" id="IDX190"></a> ode solution - output</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX191" id="IDX191"></a> <code>odess</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX192" id="IDX192"></a> ode numerical steady-states - states
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX193" id="IDX193"></a> <code>odesso</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX194" id="IDX194"></a> ode numerical steady-states - outputs
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX195" id="IDX195"></a> <code>rbg</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX196" id="IDX196"></a> raw bond graph</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX197" id="IDX197"></a> <code>rep</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX198" id="IDX198"></a> report</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX199" id="IDX199"></a> <code>rfe</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX200" id="IDX200"></a> robot-form equations</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX201" id="IDX201"></a> <code>sabg</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX202" id="IDX202"></a> stripped acausal bond graph</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX203" id="IDX203"></a> <code>simp</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX204" id="IDX204"></a> simplification information</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX205" id="IDX205"></a> <code>sm</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX206" id="IDX206"></a> state matrices</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX207" id="IDX207"></a> <code>smx</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX208" id="IDX208"></a> state matrices containing explicit
        states and inputs
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX209" id="IDX209"></a> <code>sms</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX210" id="IDX210"></a> ode</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX211" id="IDX211"></a> <code>smss</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX212" id="IDX212"></a> SM simulation header file</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX213" id="IDX213"></a> <code>sr</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX214" id="IDX214"></a> step response - state</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX215" id="IDX215"></a> <code>sro</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX216" id="IDX216"></a> step response - output</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX217" id="IDX217"></a> <code>ss</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX218" id="IDX218"></a> steady-state equations</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX219" id="IDX219"></a> <code>sspar</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX220" id="IDX220"></a> steady-state definition</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX221" id="IDX221"></a> <code>struc</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX222" id="IDX222"></a> structure - list of inputs, outputs
        and states
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX223" id="IDX223"></a> <code>sub</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX224" id="IDX224"></a> Executable subsystem list</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX225" id="IDX225"></a> <code>sub</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX226" id="IDX226"></a> LaTeX subsystem list</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX227" id="IDX227"></a> <code>sympar</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX228" id="IDX228"></a> symbolic parameters</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX229" id="IDX229"></a> <code>tf</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX230" id="IDX230"></a> transfer function</dd>
    </dl>
    A complete list can be found via the
    <code>help representations</code> command (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">2.4.1.1 help representations</a>).
    <p>
      Many of these representations have more than one language (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a>) associated with them.
    </p>
    <p>
      Some of these representations define the system (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Defining representations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC53" id="SEC53"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC54">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.2 Defining representations</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC53::-->
    <p>
      The following representations define the system and therefore must,
      ultimately, be defined by the user. However, all of these are assigned
      default values by <strong>MTT</strong> and may then be subsequently edited
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>) viewed or
      operated on by the appropriate tools (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">10. Language tools</a>).
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX231" id="IDX231"></a> <code>system_abg.fig</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX232" id="IDX232"></a> the acausal bond graph (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX233" id="IDX233"></a> <code>system_lbl.txt</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX234" id="IDX234"></a> the label file (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX235" id="IDX235"></a> <code>system_desc.tex</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX236" id="IDX236"></a> the description file (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX237" id="IDX237"></a> <code>system_simp.r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX238" id="IDX238"></a> algebraic simplifications to make
        output more readable (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC117"
          >6.9.2 Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)</a
        >)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX239" id="IDX239"></a> <code>system_subs.r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX240" id="IDX240"></a> algebraic substitutions to resolve, eq
        trig. identities (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX241" id="IDX241"></a> <code>system_simpar.txt</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX242" id="IDX242"></a> simulation parameters (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">4.2 Simulation parameters</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX243" id="IDX243"></a> <code>system_numpar.txt</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX244" id="IDX244"></a> numerical parameters (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX245" id="IDX245"></a> <code>system_input.txt</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX246" id="IDX246"></a> the system input for simulations (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC42">4.3 Simulation input</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX247" id="IDX247"></a> <code>system_logic.txt</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX248" id="IDX248"></a> the switching logic for simulations
        (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC43">4.4 Simulation logic</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX249" id="IDX249"></a> <code>system_sspar.r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX250" id="IDX250"></a> defines the system steady-state (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">4.1.2 Steady-state solutions (ss)</a>)
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="Verbal description (desc)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC54" id="SEC54"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.3 Verbal description (desc)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC54::-->
    <p>
      Systems can be documented in LaTeX using the _desc.tex file. This file is
      included in the report (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>) if the abg tex option is
      included in the rep.txt file. As usual, <strong>MTT</strong> provides a
      default text file to be edited by the user (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Acausal bond graph (abg)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC55" id="SEC55"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC54">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC55::-->
    <p>
      The acausal bond graph is the main input to <strong>MTT</strong>. It is up
      to you, as a system modeler, to distill the essential aspects of the
      system that you wish to model and capture this information in the form of
      a bond graph.
    </p>
    <p>
      The inexperienced modeler may wish to look in one of the standard
      textbooks and copy some bond graphs of systems to get going.
    </p>
    <p>
      To create the acausal bond graph of system `sys' in language fig type:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys abg fig
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    To create the acausal bond graph of system `sys' in language m type:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys abg m
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    To view the acausal bond graph of system `sys' type:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys abg view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">6.4.2 Language m (rbg.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">6.4.4 Language tex (abg.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language fig (abg.fig)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC56" id="SEC56"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC57">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC56::-->
    <p>A bond graph is made up of:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX251" id="IDX251"></a> <code>bonds</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX252" id="IDX252"></a> To connect components together.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX253" id="IDX253"></a> <code>strokes</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX254" id="IDX254"></a> To indicate causality.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX255" id="IDX255"></a> <code>components</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX256" id="IDX256"></a> Either simple or compound.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX257" id="IDX257"></a> <code>artwork</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX258" id="IDX258"></a> Irrelevant to the system but useful to
        the user.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      An icon library of bonds, components and other symbols is available within
      xfig (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC57">6.4.1.1 Icon library</a>).
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC57">6.4.1.1 Icon library</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC69">6.4.1.13 Port label defaults</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC70">6.4.1.14 Vector Components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC71">6.4.1.15 Artwork</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="icon library"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC57" id="SEC57"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.1 Icon library</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC57::-->
    A number of predefined iconic symbols are available within xfig.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
Click onto the library icon
Click onto the library pull-down menu and select BondGraph
Select iconic symbols from the presented list
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="bonds" id="bonds"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC58" id="SEC58"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC57">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.2 Bonds</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC58::-->
    <p>
      Bonds are represented by polylines with two segments. They must be the
      default style (i.e. plain not dashed or dotted). The shortest segment is
      taken to be the half-arrow. its positioning is significant because:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        It points in the direction of power flow; thus a bond normally points
        towards C, I and R components.
      </li>
      <li>
        the corresponding side of the bond indicates flow causality; the other
        side represents effort causality. This is significant when using casual
        half-strokes (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>).
        Please adopt the convention of having the half-arrows below horizontal
        bonds and to the right of vertical bonds.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="strokes" id="strokes"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC59" id="SEC59"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.3 Strokes</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC59::-->
    <p>
      Causal strokes are represented by single-segment polylines. There are two
      sorts of strokes:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        <em>Full</em> strokes: these are the usual bond-graph strokes and
        determine both the effort and flow causality in the usual way. The
        <em>centre</em> of the stroke should be at about one end of the bond and
        be at right angles to it.
      </li>
      <li>
        <em>Half</em> strokes: these are an innovation in
        <strong>MTT</strong> and allow you to specify the effort and flow
        causality independently. The <em>end</em> of the stroke should be at
        about one end of the bond and be at right angles to it. If the causal
        half-stroke is on the <em>same</em> side as the half-arrow (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a>) then it determines
        <em>flow</em> causality; if, on the other hand, it is on the
        <em>opposite</em> side to the half-arrow (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a>) then it determines
        <em>effort</em> causality. Two half strokes on the <em>same</em>, but on
        <em>opposite</em> sides of the bond are equivalent to a a full stroke at
        the same end of the bond.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> is reasonably forgiving; but a neat diagram will be
      less ambiguous to you as well as to <strong>MTT</strong>.
    </p>
    <p>Causality is indicated as follows:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        <em>Effort</em> is imposed at the <em>same</em> end as the stroke.
      </li>
      <li>
        <em>Flow</em> is imposed at the <em>opposite</em> end as the stroke.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="components" id="components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC60" id="SEC60"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.4 Components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC60::-->
    <p>
      Components are represented by a text string in fig. The recommended style
      is: 20pt, Times-Roman and centre justified.
    </p>
    <p>The component text string can be of the following forms:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX259" id="IDX259"></a> <code>type</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX260" id="IDX260"></a> Just the type of the component is
        indicated. Components may be either Simple components (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>) or Compound
        components (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>). For example:
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
R
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX261" id="IDX261"></a> <code>type:label</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX262" id="IDX262"></a> Both the type and the label of the
        component are given. The type must be a valid name (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a>.The name provides a
        link to more information to be found in See section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>. For example:
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
R:r
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX263" id="IDX263"></a> <code>type:label:cr</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX264" id="IDX264"></a> Not only are the type and the label of
        the component given, but also the component cr argument. The type must
        be a valid name (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a>.The name provides a
        link to more information to be found in See section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>. For example:
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
R:r:flow,r
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX265" id="IDX265"></a> <code>type:label:expression</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX266" id="IDX266"></a> Expression is a mathematical
        expression relating the effort (called mtt_e) to the flow (called
        mtt_f). For example the following three forms are equivalent
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
R:r:mtt_e=r*mtt_f
R:r:mtt_e-r*mtt_f=0
R:r:mtt_f=mtt_e/r
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        A non-linear example is:
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
R:r:mtt_e = sin(mtt_f)
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX267" id="IDX267"></a> <code>type*n</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX268" id="IDX268"></a> The name, together with the number
        `<samp>n</samp>' of repetitions of the component, are given. This
        repetition only makes sense if the component has an even number of ports
        (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>); n
        copies of the component are concatenated with odd Named ports (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>) of the
        component being connected to the even Named ports of the previous
        component in the chain in numerical order. This feature is particularly
        useful if the component is compound and can be used for, example to give
        a lumped approximation of a distributed system. For example:
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
MySystem*25
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX269" id="IDX269"></a> <code>type:label*n</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX270" id="IDX270"></a> This complete form and is a
        combination of the simpler forms. For example:
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
MySystem:MyLabel*25
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="Simple components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC61" id="SEC61"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.5 Simple components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC61::-->
    <p>The following simple components are defined in MTT.</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX271" id="IDX271"></a> <code>R</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX272" id="IDX272"></a> Standard one-port R</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX273" id="IDX273"></a> <code>C</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX274" id="IDX274"></a> Standard one-port I</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX275" id="IDX275"></a> <code>I</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX276" id="IDX276"></a> Standard one-port I</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX277" id="IDX277"></a> <code>SS</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX278" id="IDX278"></a> Source-sensor</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX279" id="IDX279"></a> <code>TF</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX280" id="IDX280"></a> Transformer</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX281" id="IDX281"></a> <code>GY</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX282" id="IDX282"></a> Gyrator</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX283" id="IDX283"></a> <code>AE</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX284" id="IDX284"></a> Effort amplifier</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX285" id="IDX285"></a> <code>AF</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX286" id="IDX286"></a> Flow amplifier</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX287" id="IDX287"></a> <code>CSW</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX288" id="IDX288"></a> Switched one-port I</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX289" id="IDX289"></a> <code>ISW</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX290" id="IDX290"></a> Switched one-port I</dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="SS components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC62" id="SEC62"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC63">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.6 SS components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC62::-->
    <p>
      <code>SS</code> components provide input and output variables for a
      system; Named SS components (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>) provide this for
      subsystems.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Simple components - implementation"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC63" id="SEC63"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC63::-->
    <p>Each simple component, with name NAME, is defined by two m files:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX291" id="IDX291"></a> <code>NAME_cause.m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX292" id="IDX292"></a> defines the possible causal patterns
        for the component
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX293" id="IDX293"></a> <code>NAME_eqn.m</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX294" id="IDX294"></a> defines the equations generated</dd>
    </dl>
    Only the experienced user would normally define simple components - Compound
    components (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>) are recommended
    for DIY components.
    <p><a name="Compound components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC64" id="SEC64"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC63">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.8 Compound components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC64::-->
    Compound components are systems described by bond graphs and implemented by
    MTT. They have special SS components, Named SS components (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>), to indicate
    connections to the encapsulating system.
    <p>
      Like any other system, they are described by a graphical Bond Graph
      description (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>), and a label
      file (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      By convention, all of the files describing a component live in a directory
      with the same name as the component.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Named SS components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC65" id="SEC65"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.9 Named SS components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC65::-->
    <p>
      Named SS components provide the link from the system which
      <em>defines</em> compound component to the system which <em>uses</em> a
      compound component see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>. A named SS
      components is of the form <code>SS:[name]</code>;
    </p>
    <p>
      Where `name' is a name consisting of alphanumeric characters and
      underscore; for example:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
SS:[Mechanical_1]
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Each such named SS provides one of the ports (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>). The direction of the named SS
    components. (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>) is coerced (see
    section <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</a>) to
    have the same direction as the bond connected to the corresponding port.
    Thus the direction of the direction of the named SS components has no
    significance unless the component is at the top level of a system.
    <p>
      If a named SS component exists at the top level (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC32">3.3.1 Top level</a>) and is treated as an
      ordinary SS component with the given direction and with the attributes
      specified in the label file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Coerced bond direction"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC66" id="SEC66"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC66::-->
    Named SS components (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>) provide the
    mechanism for declaring the ports (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>) of a component. The corresponding
    bond has a direction. However, under some circumstances, it may be useful to
    reverse this direction. <strong>MTT</strong> provides a coercion mechanism
    for this: the the direction of the bond attached to the named SS component
    (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>) is
    replaced by the direction of the bond attached to the component port.
    <p><a name="Port labels"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC67" id="SEC67"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.11 Port labels</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC67::-->
    Most multi-port components have ports see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>)which display different behaviors;
    the exception to this is the junction (<code>0</code> and <code>1</code>)
    components. For this reason, <strong>MTT</strong> provides a method for
    unambiguously identifying the ports of a multi-port component by port
    labels.
    <p>
      A port label is indicated by a name within parentheses of the form
      <code>[name]</code>, where `name' is a name consisting of alphanumeric
      characters and underscore; for example:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
[Mechanical_1]
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    This provides a label for corresponding to the component to which the
    nearest bond-end is attached.
    <p>The following rules must be be obeyed:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        If a component has any port labels at all, there must be one for each
        port of the component.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      Port labels may be grouped into vector port labels (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>). Components with
      compatible (ie containing the same number of ports) vector ports may be
      connected by a <em>single</em> bond (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a>); such a bond implies the
      corresponding number of bonds (one for each element of the vector port
      label). All such bonds inherit the same direction and any
      <em>explicit</em> causal strokes (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>)
    </p>
    <p><a name="Vector port labels"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC68" id="SEC68"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC69">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC68::-->
    Port labels (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>)
    may be grouped into vector port labels of the form
    <code>[name1,name2,name3]</code>.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
[Mechanical_1,Electrical,Hydraulic_5]
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Port label defaults"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC69" id="SEC69"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC70">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.13 Port label defaults</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC69::-->
    Whether impicitly or explicity, all ports of components (with the exception
    of 0 and 1 junctions) must have lables (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>). However, these can be
    omitted from the bond graph in the following circumstances and default
    labels are supplied by <strong>MTT</strong>.
    <ol>
      <li>A single unlabled inport defaults to [in]</li>
      <li>A single unlabled outport defaults to [out]</li>
    </ol>
    <p>
      These defaults may, in turn be aliases (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a>) for port labels (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>) or vector port labels
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>).
      Combining the default and alias mechanism is a powerful tool for creating
      uncluttered, yet complex, bond graph models.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Vector components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC70" id="SEC70"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC69">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC71">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.14 Vector Components</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC70::-->
    Vectors of components can be created in four cases:
    <code>0</code> junctions, <code>1</code> junctions,
    <code>SS</code> components and <code>SS</code> port components.
    <p>
      In each case, the presence of a vector component is indicated by a single
      port label (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>)
      of one of two forms:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>
        containing numerals from 1 to the order of the vector. Thus a vector of
        3 components is indicated by a port label of the form [1,2,3].
      </li>
      <li>
        1: followed by the order of the vector. Thus a vector of 3 components is
        indicated by a port label of the form [1:3].
      </li>
    </ol>
    <p>
      Within the corresponding label file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>), the components of a vector
      port can be accessed using _i where i is the corresponding index. Thus a
      port SS:[Electrical] appearing near the port label [1,2,3] could contain
      the port alias (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC93">6.6.9.1 Port aliases</a>)
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS  in Electrical_1,Electrical_2,Electrical_3
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="artwork" id="artwork"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC71" id="SEC71"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC70">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.15 Artwork</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC71::-->
    You are encouraged to annotate your bond graphs extensively - this makes
    them an immediately readable document whilst retaining the precise and
    unambiguous expressive power of the bond graph.
    <p>
      You may add any Fig (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC160">9.1 Fig</a>)
      object to the bond graph as long as it will not be interpreted as part of
      the bond graph. The reccommended way to acheive this is to put the Bond
      Graph at depth 0,10,20 etc (ie depth modulo 10 is zero) and artwork at any
      other depth.
    </p>
    <p>
      For compatibility with earlier versions of <strong>MTT</strong>, the
      following objects are ignored even at level 0. However, their use is
      strongly discouraged.
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        Adding text is OK as long as it cannot be confused with components (see
        section <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a>). In particular,
        you can include invalid component characters such as white space,
        <code>"</code>, <code>'</code>, <code>!</code> etc.
      </li>
      <li>Adding boxes, arcs etc is always OK.</li>
      <li>Adding dotted or dashes lines is always OK.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      The stripped abg file (sabg) (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">6.5 Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</a>) shows
      only those parts of the diagram recognised by <strong>MTT</strong> and is
      therefore useful for distinguishing artwork. <a name="Valid names"></a>
    </p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC72" id="SEC72"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC71">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.1.16 Valid Names</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC72::-->
    A valid name is a text string containing alphanumeric characters. It must
    <strong>NOT</strong> contain underscore `<samp>_</samp>', hyphen
    `<samp>-</samp>', `<samp>:</samp>' or `<samp>*</samp>'.
    <p>The following names should be avoided</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
if endif
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The following reserved words in reduce should also be avoided (with any
      case)
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
Commands ALGEBRAIC ANTISYMMETRIC ARRAY BYE CLEAR CLEARRULES COMMENT
CONT DECOMPOSE DEFINE DEPEND DISPLAY ED EDITDEF END EVEN FACTOR FOR
FORALL FOREACH GO GOTO IF IN INDEX INFIX INPUT INTEGER KORDER LET
LINEAR LISP LISTARGP LOAD LOAD PACKAGE MASS MATCH MATRIX MSHELL
NODEPEND NONCOM NONZERO NOSPUR ODD OFF ON OPERATOR ORDER OUT PAUSE
PRECEDENCE PRINT PRECISION PROCEDURE QUIT REAL REMFAC REMIND RETRY
RETURN SAVEAS SCALAR SETMOD SHARE SHOWTIME SHUT SPUR SYMBOLIC
SYMMETRIC VECDIM VECTOR WEIGHT WRITE WTLEVEL

Boolean Operators EVENP FIXP FREEOF NUMBERP ORDP PRIMEP

Infix Operators := = &gt;= &gt; &lt;= &lt; =&gt; + * / ^ ** . WHERE SETQ OR AND
MEMBER MEMQ EQUAL NEQ EQ GEQ GREATERP LEQ LESSP PLUS DIFFERENCE MINUS
TIMES QUOTIENT EXPT CONS Numerical Operators ABS ACOS ACOSH ACOT ACOTH
ACSC ACSCH ASEC ASECH ASIN ASINH ATAN ATANH ATAN2 COS COSH COT COTH
CSC CSCH EXP FACTORIAL FIX FLOOR HYPOT LN LOG LOGB LOG10 NEXTPRIME
ROUND SEC SECH SIN SINH SQRT TAN TANH

Prefix Operators APPEND ARGLENGTH CEILING COEFF COEFFN COFACTOR CONJ
DEG DEN DET DF DILOG EI EPS ERF FACTORIZE FIRST GCD G IMPART INT
INTERPOL LCM LCOF LENGTH LHS LINELENGTH LTERM MAINVAR MAT MATEIGEN MAX
MIN MKID NULLSPACE NUM PART PF PRECISION RANDOM RANDOM NEW SEED RANK
REDERR REDUCT REMAINDER REPART REST RESULTANT REVERSE RHS SECOND SET
SHOWRULES SIGN SOLVE STRUCTR SUB SUM THIRD TP TRACE VARNAME

Reserved Variables CARD NO E EVAL MODE FORT WIDTH HIGH POW I INFINITY
K!* LOW POW NIL PI ROOT MULTIPLICITY T

Switches ADJPREC ALGINT ALLBRANCH ALLFAC BFSPACE COMBINEEXPT
COMBINELOGS COMP COMPLEX CRAMER CREF DEFN DEMO DIV ECHO ERRCONT
EVALLHSEQP EXP EXPANDLOGS EZGCD FACTOR FORT FULLROOTS GCD IFACTOR INT
INTSTR LCM LIST LISTARGS MCD MODULAR MSG MULTIPLICITIES NAT NERO
NOSPLIT OUTPUT PERIOD PRECISE PRET PRI RAT RATARG RATIONAL RATIONALIZE
RATPRI REVPRI RLISP88 ROUNDALL ROUNDBF ROUNDED SAVESTRUCTR
SOLVESINGULAR TIME TRA TRFAC TRIGFORM TRINT

Other Reserved Ids BEGIN DO EXPR FEXPR INPUT LAMBDA LISP MACRO PRODUCT
REPEAT SMACRO SUM UNTIL WHEN WHILE WS


</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language m (rbg.m)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC73" id="SEC73"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC74">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.4.2 Language m (rbg.m)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC73::-->
    The raw bond graph of system `sys' is represented as an m file with heading:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function [rbonds, rstrokes,rcomponents,rports,n_ports] = sys_rbg
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    This representation is a half-way house between the fig (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>) and m (see
    section <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>)
    representations. It contains the geometric information from the fig file in
    a form digestible by Octave (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>).
    <p>The five outputs of this function are:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>rbonds</li>
      <li>rstrokes</li>
      <li>rcomponents</li>
      <li>rports</li>
      <li>n_ports</li>
    </ul>
    <p><em>rbonds</em> is a matrix with</p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        one row for each bond (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a>)
      </li>
      <li>
        columns 1 and 2 containing the x,y coordinates for one end of the bond
      </li>
      <li>
        columns 3 and 4 containing the x,y coordinates for the corner of the
        bond
      </li>
      <li>
        columns 5 and 6 containing the x,y coordinates for the other end of the
        bond
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      <em>rstrokes</em> is a matrix with (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>)
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each stroke or half-stroke</li>
      <li>
        columns 1 and 2 containing the x,y coordinates for one end of the stroke
      </li>
      <li>
        columns 3 and 4 containing the x,y coordinates for the other end of the
        stroke
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      <em>rcomponents</em> is a matrix with (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a>)
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each component</li>
      <li>columns 1 and 2 containing the x,y coordinates of the component</li>
      <li>the remaining columns containing fig file information</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      <em>rports</em> is a matrix with (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>)
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each component port that is explicitly labeled</li>
      <li>columns 1 and 2 containing the x,y coordinates of the port label</li>
      <li>column 3 contains the port number.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      <em>n_ports</em> is the number of ports associated with the system -- i.e.
      the number of Named SS components (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>).
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC74">6.4.2.1 Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC74" id="SEC74"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.2.1 Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC74::-->
    <p>
      This transformation takes the acausal bond graph as a fig file (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>) and
      transforms it into a raw bond graph in m-file format (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">6.4.2 Language m (rbg.m)</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      This transformation is implemented in GNU awk (gawk). It scans both the
      fig file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>) and the label
      file (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>) and
      generates the rbg (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC73">6.4.2 Language m (rbg.m)</a>) with components
      sorted according to the label file. It also generates a file sys_fig.fig
      containing details of the bond graph with the components removed.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Language m (abg.m)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC75" id="SEC75"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC74">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC75::-->
    <p>
      The acausal bond graph of system `sys' is represented as an m file with
      heading:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function [bonds,components,n_ports] = sys_abg
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    The three outputs of this function are:
    <ul>
      <li>bonds</li>
      <li>components</li>
      <li>n_ports</li>
    </ul>
    <p><em>bonds</em> is a matrix with</p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each bond</li>
      <li>
        the first column contains the arrow-orientated (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>)
        causality of the <em>effort</em> variable.
      </li>
      <li>
        the second column contains the arrow-orientated (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>)
        causality of the <em>flow</em> variable.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p><em>components</em> is a matrix with</p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each component</li>
      <li>
        one column for each bond impinging on the component. The
        <em>magnitude</em> of each entry corresponds to the bond number (the
        appropriate row index of` bonds'); the sign is positive if the bond
        arrow points into the component and negative otherwise.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      <em>n_ports</em> is the number of ports associated with the system -- i.e.
      the number of Named SS components (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>).
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">6.4.3.2 Component-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC78">6.4.3.3 Transformation rbg2abg_m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Arrow-orientated causality"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC76" id="SEC76"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC76::-->
    <p>
      The arrow-orientated causality convention assigns -1, 0 or 1 to both the
      effort and flow (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>)
      sides of a bond to represent the causal stroke (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>) as follows:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX295" id="IDX295"></a> <code>0</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX296" id="IDX296"></a> if there is no causality set.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX297" id="IDX297"></a> <code>1</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX298" id="IDX298"></a> if the causal stroke is at the arrow
        end of the bond.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX299" id="IDX299"></a> <code>-1</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX300" id="IDX300"></a> if the causal stroke is at the other
        end of the bond.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">6.4.3.2 Component-orientated causality</a>.
    <p><a name="Component-orientated causality"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC77" id="SEC77"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC78">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.3.2 Component-orientated causality</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC77::-->
    <p>
      The component-orientated causality convention assigns -1, 0 or 1 to both
      the effort and flow (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>) sides of a bond to represent
      the causal stroke (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a>) as follows:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX301" id="IDX301"></a> <code>0</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX302" id="IDX302"></a> if there is no causality set.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX303" id="IDX303"></a> <code>1</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX304" id="IDX304"></a> if the causal stroke is at the
        component end of the bond.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX305" id="IDX305"></a> <code>-1</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX306" id="IDX306"></a> if the causal stroke is at the other
        end of the bond.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>.
    <p><a name="Transformation rbg2abg_m"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC78" id="SEC78"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.4.3.3 Transformation rbg2abg_m</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC78::-->
    This transformation takes the raw bond graph and, by doing some geometrical
    computation, determines the topology of the bond graph -- ie what is close
    to what.
    <p><a name="Language tex (abg.tex)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC79" id="SEC79"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC78">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.4.4 Language tex (abg.tex)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC79::-->
    <p>
      For the purpose of producing a report (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>),
      <strong>MTT</strong> generates a LaTeX (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC173">10.5 LaTeX</a>) file describing the bond graph
      and its subsystems. Additional information may be supplied using the
      description representation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC80" id="SEC80"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC81">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.5 Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC80::-->
    The stripped acausal bond graph is the acausal bond graph representation
    (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>)
    without the artwork (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC71">6.4.1.15 Artwork</a>). It is useful to check for
    mistakes by showing precisely what is recognised by <strong>MTT</strong>.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC81">6.5.1 Language fig (sabg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">6.5.2 Stripped acausal bond graph (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language fig (sabg.fig)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC81" id="SEC81"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.5.1 Language fig (sabg.fig)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC81::-->
    The stripped acausal bond graph can be generated as a fig (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC160">9.1 Fig</a>) file using
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt syst sabg fig
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Stripped acausal bond graph (view)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC82" id="SEC82"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC81">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.5.2 Stripped acausal bond graph (view)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC82::-->
    This representation has the standard text view (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
    <p><a name="Labels (lbl)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC83" id="SEC83"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC84">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.6 Labels (lbl)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC83::-->
    Bond graph components have optional labels. These provide pointers to
    further information relating to the component; this avoids clutter on the
    bond graph.
    <p>
      The label file contains the following non-blank lines (blank lines are
      ignored)
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>Summary - lines beginning with #SUMMARY</li>
      <li>Description - lines beginning with #DESCRIPTION</li>
      <li>Alias - lines beginning with #ALIAS</li>
      <li>Comments - lines beginning with #</li>
      <li>Labels - other non-blank lines</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      Note, for compatability with old versions, % may be used in place of #;
      but the use of % is deprecated. Each lable contains three fields (in the
      following order) separated by white space and on one line:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>
        The component name see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">6.6.3 Component names</a>. This must be a valid
        name (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a>.
      </li>
      <li>
        The component constitutive relationship see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        The component arguments see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>
      </li>
    </ol>
    <p>
      Not each component see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a> needs a label, only those
      which are explicitly labeled on the Bond Graph see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>.
      <strong>MTT</strong> checks whether all components labelled on the bond
      graph have labels and vice versa.
    </p>
    <p>
      If no lbl file exists, <strong>MTT</strong> will create a valid one for
      you; including a default set of arguments and crs for both simplae and
      compound components.
    </p>
    <p>If wish to create one to edit yourself, type</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt system_name lbl txt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    An example lbl file (for the RC system is):
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%% Label file for system RC (RC_lbl.txt)
%SUMMARY RC
%DESCRIPTION &lt;Detailed description here&gt;
% Port aliases
%ALIAS  in      in
%ALIAS  out     out

% Argument aliases
%ALIAS  $1      c
%ALIAS  $2      r

%% Each line should be of one of the following forms:
%            a comment (ie starting with %)
%            component-name     cr_name arg1,arg2,..argn
%            blank

% ---- Component labels ----

% Component type C
        c               lin     effort,c

% Component type R
        r               lin     flow,r

% Component type SS
        [in]    SS              external,external
        [out]   SS              external,external

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The old-style lbl files (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>) are NO LONGER
      supported -- you are encouraged to convert them ASAP.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC84">6.6.1 SS component labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC85">6.6.2 Other component labels</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">6.6.3 Component names</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC89">6.6.6 Parameter declarations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC90">6.6.7 Units declarations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC91">6.6.8 Interface Control Definition</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="SS component labels"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC84" id="SEC84"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC85">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.1 SS component labels</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC84::-->
    In addition to the label there are two information fields, see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>. The first must be `SS', the
    second contains two information fields of the form
    info_field_1,info_field_2.
    <p>
      These two information fields correspond to the effort and flow variables
      of the of the SS components as follows
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX307" id="IDX307"></a> <code>info_field_1</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX308" id="IDX308"></a> effort</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX309" id="IDX309"></a> <code>info_field_2</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX310" id="IDX310"></a> flow</dd>
    </dl>
    Each of these two fields contains one of the following <em>attributes</em>:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX311" id="IDX311"></a> <code>external</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX312" id="IDX312"></a> indicates that the corresponding
        variable is a system input or output
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX313" id="IDX313"></a> <code>internal</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX314" id="IDX314"></a> indicates that the variable does not
        appear as a system output; it is an error to label an input in this way.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX315" id="IDX315"></a> <code>a number</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX316" id="IDX316"></a> the value of the input; or the value
        of the (imposed) output
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX317" id="IDX317"></a> <code>a symbol</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX318" id="IDX318"></a> the symbolic value of the input; or
        the value of the (imposed) output
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX319" id="IDX319"></a> <code>unknown</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX320" id="IDX320"></a> used for the SS method of solving
        algebraic loops. This indicates that the corresponding system input (SS
        output) is to be chosen to set the corresponding system output (SS
        input) to zero.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX321" id="IDX321"></a> <code>zero</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX322" id="IDX322"></a> used for the SS method of solving
        algebraic loops. This indicates that the corresponding system output (SS
        input) is to be set to zero using the variable indicted by the
        corresponding `unknown' label.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>Some examples are:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%% ss1 is both a source and sensor
ss1     SS              external,external
%% ss1 acts as a flow sensor - it imposes zero effort.
ss2     SS              0,external
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Other component labels"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC85" id="SEC85"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC84">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.2 Other component labels</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC85::-->
    <p>
      In addition to the label there are two information fields, see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>. They correspond to the
      constitutive relationship (see see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a> and arguments
      of the component as follows
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX323" id="IDX323"></a> <code>info_field_1</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX324" id="IDX324"></a> constitutive relationship</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX325" id="IDX325"></a> <code>info_field_2</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX326" id="IDX326"></a> parameters</dd>
    </dl>
    <p>Some examples are:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%Armature resistance
r_a     lin     effort,r_a

%Gearbox ratio
n       lin     effort,n
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> supports parameter-passing to (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>) subsystems.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">6.6.3 Component names</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Component names"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC86" id="SEC86"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC85">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.3 Component names</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC86::-->
    The component name field must contain a valid name (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a> corresponding to the name
    (the bit after the :) of each named component (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a>) on the bond graph (see
    section <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>).
    <p><a name="Component constitutive relationship"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC87" id="SEC87"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC86">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC87::-->
    The constitutive relationship field contains the name of a constitutive
    relationship for the component. There are three sorts of constitutive
    relationship recognised by <strong>MTT</strong>:
    <ol>
      <li>
        A generic constitutive relationship such as <var>lin</var> (the generic
        linear constitutive relationship.
      </li>
      <li>
        A local constitutive relationship with the same name as the component
        type
      </li>
      <li>
        The <var>SS</var> constitutive relationship reserved for
        <var>SS</var> components. All labels for <var>SS</var> components must
        contain SS in this field.
      </li>
    </ol>
    <p><a name="Component arguments"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC88" id="SEC88"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC89">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.5 Component arguments</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC88::-->
    <p><a name="Parameter declarations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC89" id="SEC89"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC90">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.6 Parameter declarations</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC89::-->
    <p>
      It is sometimes useful to use parameters (in addition to those implied by
      the Component arguments see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>) to compute values
      in, for example the numpar file. These can be declared in the label file;
      for examples , the two parameters par1 and par 2 can be declared as:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
#PAR par1
#PAR par2
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      On the other hand, some CR arguments (eg foo and bar) may not correspond
      to parameters. These can be excluded from the sympar list using the NOTPAR
      declaration
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
#NOTPAR foo
#NOTPAR bar
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      For comapability with old code, VAR may be used in place of PAR, but this
      usage is deprecated.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Units declarations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC90" id="SEC90"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC89">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC91">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.7 Units declarations</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC90::-->
    The units and domains of ports (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a>) are declared as:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
#UNITS Port_name domain effort_units flow_units
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where "Port_name" is the name of the port, domain is one of:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX327" id="IDX327"></a> <code>electrical</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX328" id="IDX328"></a> the electrical domain</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX329" id="IDX329"></a> <code>translational</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX330" id="IDX330"></a> the translational mechanical domain
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX331" id="IDX331"></a> <code>rotational</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX332" id="IDX332"></a> the rotational mechanical domain
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX333" id="IDX333"></a> <code>fluid</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX334" id="IDX334"></a> the fluid domain</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX335" id="IDX335"></a> <code>thermal</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX336" id="IDX336"></a> the thermal domain</dd>
    </dl>
    and effort_units and flow_units are corresponding units for the effort and
    the flow.
    <p>
      Allowed units are those defined in the <strong>units</strong> package.
    </p>
    <p><strong>MTT</strong> checks that units are</p>
    <ul>
      <li>defined consistently with the domain</li>
      <li>the same for connected ports when both ports have defined units.</li>
    </ul>
    No checks are done if one or both ends of a bond are not connected to a port
    with defined units.
    <p><a name="Interface Control Definition"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC91" id="SEC91"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC90">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.8 Interface Control Definition</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC91::-->
    It is sometimes useful to be able to automatically generate a set of
    assignments mapping <strong>MTT</strong> inputs and outputs to an external
    interface definition. This can be achieved with use of the <em>#ICD</em>
    directive.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
#ICD    PressureSensor         PUMP1_PRESSURE_SENSOR,Pa;null,none
#ICD    Electrical              PUMP1_VOLTAGE,volt;PUMP1_CURRENT,amp

% Component type De
        PressureSensor  SS      external

% Component type SS
        Electrical      SS      external,external
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>The ICD directive consists of 3 whitespace delimited fields:</p>
    <ol>
      <li>[%|#]ICD</li>
      <li>component name</li>
      <li>
        Four comma (,) or semi-colon (;) delimited fields:
        <ol>
          <li>name of effort parameter</li>
          <li>unit of effort parameter</li>
          <li>name of flow parameter</li>
          <li>unit of flow parameter</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
    </ol>
    <p>
      If no parameter name is required, a value of "null" should be used. If the
      parameter does not have any units, a value of "none" should be used.
    </p>
    <p>
      ICD parameters may be aliased see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a> in the same way as normal
      parameters, thus it is possible to define some or all of the ICD in higher
      level components.
    </p>
    <p>The command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys ICD txt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>will generate a text file containing a list of mappings:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
## Interface Control Definition for System sys
## sys_ICD.txt: Generated by MTT Thu Jul 12 21:21:21 CDT 2001

Input:  PUMP1_VOLTAGE           sys_P1_1_Electrical      Causality: Effort   Units: volt
Output: PUMP1_CURRENT           sys_P1_1_Electrical      Causality: Flow     Units: amp
Output: PUMP1_PRESSURE_SENSOR   sys_P1_1_PressureSensor  Causality: Effort   Units: Pa
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>A set of assignments can be generated with the command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys ICD m
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>resulting in:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
# Interface Control Definition mappings for system sys
# sys_ICD.m: Generated by MTT Thu Jul 12 21:26:56 CDT 2001

# Inputs

        mttu(1) = PUMP1_VOLTAGE;

# Outputs

        PUMP1_CURRENT                  = mtty(1);
        PUMP1_PRESSURE_SENSOR          = mtty(2);
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>A similar file will be generated by the command</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys ICD cc
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Aliases" id="Aliases"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC92" id="SEC92"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC91">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC93">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.9 Aliases</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC92::-->
    <p>
      Aliases provide a convenient mechanism for relabelling words appearing in
      the label file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>). There are three contexts
      in which the alias mechanism is used:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>
        renaming ports (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC93">6.6.9.1 Port aliases</a>),
      </li>
      <li>
        renaming parameters (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</a>) and
      </li>
      <li>
        renaming components (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC96">6.6.9.4 Component aliases</a>).
      </li>
    </ol>
    <p>
      All three mechanisms use the same form of statement within the label file
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS short_label       real_label
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> distinguishes between the three forms as follows:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>Parameter aliases: `short_label' starts with a `$'</li>
      <li>
        Component aliases: `real_label' contains the directory separator `/'
      </li>
      <li>Port aliases: neither of the above</li>
    </ul>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC93">6.6.9.1 Port aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC95">6.6.9.3 CR aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC96">6.6.9.4 Component aliases</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Port aliases"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC93" id="SEC93"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.9.1 Port aliases</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC93::-->
    Aliases provide a way of refering to (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a>) or vector port labels
    (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>) on
    the bond graph using a short-hand notation. With in a component label file
    (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>) statements of
    the following forms can occur
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS short_label       real_label
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      When the component is used within another component, the short_lable may
      be used in place of the real_label. More than one alias per label can be
      used, for example
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS short_label_1       real_label
%ALIAS short_label_2       real_label
%ALIAS short_label_3       real_label
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The port can then be refered to in four ways: as real_label,
      short_label_1, short_label_2 or short_label_3. An alternative notation for
      the ALIAS statement in this case is
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS short_label_1|short_label_2|short_label_3       real_label
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The alias feature is particularly powerful in conjunction with vector port
      labels (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>) and the port
      label default (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC69">6.4.1.13 Port label defaults</a>) mechanisms. For
      example, a component with 5 ports appearing in the lbl file as:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
        [Hydraulic_in]  external        external
        [Hydraulic_out] external        external
        [Power_Shaft]           external        external
        [Thermal_in]    external        external
        [Thermal_out]   external        external
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>together with the following statements in the label file:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS  in              Thermal_in,Hyydraulic_in
%ALIAS  out             Thermal_out,Hydraulic_out
%ALIAS  shaft|power     Power_Shaft
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      can appear in the bond graph containing that component with one bond
      labeled either [shaft] or [power] or [Power_Shaft], one unlabeled vector
      bond pointing in and one unlabeled vector bond pointing out.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Parameter aliases"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC94" id="SEC94"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC93">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC95">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC94::-->
    <p>Parameter aliases are of the form</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS $n       actual parameter
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where n is an integer (unique within the label file). For example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS  $1              c_v
%ALIAS  $2              density,ideal_gas,r
%ALIAS  $3              alpha
%ALIAS  $4              flow,k_p
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      Assigns four symbolic parameters to the corresponding strings These four
      parameters (<code>$1</code>--<code>$4</code>) can then be used for
      parameter passing(see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="CR aliases"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC95" id="SEC95"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC96">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.9.3 CR aliases</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC95::-->
    <p>CR aliases are of the form</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS $an       actual parameter
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where n is an integer (unique within the label file). For example
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS  $a1  lin
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    assigns the symbolic parameter to be lin. This parameter <code>$1</code> can
    then be used for passing a diofferent cr to the component (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>).
    <p><a name="Component aliases"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC96" id="SEC96"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC95">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC92">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.9.4 Component aliases</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC96::-->
    <p>Component aliases are of the form</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%ALIAS Component_name   Component_location
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>An example appears in the following label file fragment</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
...
%ALIAS  wPipe   CompressibleFlow/wPipe
%ALIAS  Poly    CompressibleFlow/Poly
....

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    The two components `wPipe' and `Poly' are both to be found within the
    library `Compressible flow' and the respective subdirectories. This follows
    the <strong>MTT</strong> convention that compound components (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>) live within a
    directory of the same name.
    <p><a name="Parameter passing"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC97" id="SEC97"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC96">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.10 Parameter passing</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC97::-->
    <strong>MTT</strong> supports parameter-passing to subsystems within label
    files (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>). Within a
    subsystem, explicit constitutive relationships and parameters (or groups
    thereof) can be replaced by postitional parameters such as <code>$1</code>,
    <code>$2</code> etc. Although this can be done directly, it is recommended
    that this is done via the alias mechanism (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</a>).
    <p>
      In a subsystem <code>$i</code>, is replaced by the ith field of a colon
      <code>;</code> separated field in the calling label file. This field may
      include commas <code>,</code> and the four arithmetic operators
      <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code> and <code>/</code>.
    </p>
    <p>
      For example, consider the following example label file fragment
      (associated with a component called Pump:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
...

%ALIAS  $1              c_v
%ALIAS  $2              density,ideal_gas,r
%ALIAS  $3              alpha
%ALIAS  $4              flow,k_p

%ALIAS  wPipe   CompressibleFlow/wPipe
%ALIAS  Poly    CompressibleFlow/Poly

% Component type wPipe
        pipe    none                    c_v;density,ideal_gas,r

% Component type Poly
        poly            Poly            alpha

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The 4 parameters <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>, <code>$3</code>, and
      <code>$4</code> can be passed from a higher level component as in the
      following label file fragment:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
% Component type Pump
        comp            none            c_v;rho,ideal_gas,r;alpha;effort,k_c
        turb            none            c_v;rho,ideal_gas,r;alpha;effort,k_t
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>Thus in component `comp':</p>
    <ul>
      <li><code>$1</code> is replaced by c_v</li>
      <li><code>$2</code> is replaced by rho,ideal_gas</li>
      <li><code>$3</code> is replaced by alpha</li>
      <li><code>$4</code> is replaced by effort,k_c</li>
    </ul>
    whereas in component `turb' the first three parameters are the same but
    <ul>
      <li><code>$4</code> is replaced by effort,k_t</li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Old-style labels (lbl)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC98" id="SEC98"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC99">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC98::-->
    <p>
      Old syle labels (mtt version 2.x) are supported by mtt version 3.x.
      However, you are advised to use the new form (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      Each line of the <code>_label.txt</code> file is of one of three forms:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>
        Contains three fields (separated by white space) of the form
        <table>
          <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td class="example">
              <pre>
label   field_1   field_2
</pre
              >
            </td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </li>
      <li>Blank</li>
      <li>Preceded by %</li>
    </ol>
    Only the first is noticed by <strong>MTT</strong>; the second and third are
    for providing helpful commenting.
    <p>
      The role of the two information fields depends on the component with the
      corresponding label. In particular the classes of components are:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        SS components, see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a>.
      </li>
      <li>
        Other components, see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a>.
      </li>
    </ul>
    Named SS component, see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a> never have labels.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC99">6.6.11.1 SS component labels (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC100"
            >6.6.11.2 Other component labels (old-style)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="SS component labels (old-style)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC99" id="SEC99"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC100">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.11.1 SS component labels (old-style)</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC99::-->
    In addition to the label there are two information fields, see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>. They correspond to the effort
    and flow of the components as follows
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX337" id="IDX337"></a> <code>info_field_1</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX338" id="IDX338"></a> effort</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX339" id="IDX339"></a> <code>info_field_2</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX340" id="IDX340"></a> flow</dd>
    </dl>
    Each of these two fields contains one of the following <em>attributes</em>:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX341" id="IDX341"></a></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX342" id="IDX342"></a> external indicates that the
        corresponding variable is a system input or output
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX343" id="IDX343"></a> <code>internal</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX344" id="IDX344"></a> indicates that the variable does not
        appear as a system output; it is an error to label an input in this way.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX345" id="IDX345"></a> <code>a number</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX346" id="IDX346"></a> the value of the input; or the value
        of the (imposed) output
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX347" id="IDX347"></a> <code>a symbol</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX348" id="IDX348"></a> the symbolic value of the input; or
        the value of the (imposed) output
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX349" id="IDX349"></a> <code>unknown</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX350" id="IDX350"></a> used for the SS method of solving
        algebraic loops. This indicates that the corresponding system input (SS
        output) is to be chosen to set the corresponding system output (SS
        input) to zero.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX351" id="IDX351"></a> <code>zero</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX352" id="IDX352"></a> used for the SS method of solving
        algebraic loops. This indicates that the corresponding system output (SS
        input) is to be set to zero using the variable indicted by the
        corresponding `unknown' label.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>Some examples are:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%Label  field1          field2
ss1     external        external
ss2     0               external
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Other component labels (old-style)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC100" id="SEC100"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC99">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.11.2 Other component labels (old-style)</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC100::-->
    <p>
      In addition to the label there are two information fields, see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>. They correspond to the
      constitutive relationship (see see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a> and arguments
      of the component as follows
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX353" id="IDX353"></a> <code>info_field_1</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX354" id="IDX354"></a> constitutive relationship</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX355" id="IDX355"></a> <code>info_field_2</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX356" id="IDX356"></a> parameters</dd>
    </dl>
    <p>Some examples are:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%Armature resistance
r_a     lin     effort,r_a

%Gearbox ratio
n       lin     effort,n
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> supports parameter-passing to (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</a>)
      subsystems.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Parameter passing (old-style)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC101" id="SEC101"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC100">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC101::-->
    <strong>MTT</strong> supports parameter-passing to (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</a>)
    subsystems within label files (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>). Within a subsystem, explicit
    constitutive relationships and parameters (or groups thereof) can be
    replaced by <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>, etc.
    <p>
      In a subsystem <code>$i</code>, is replaced by the ith field of a colon
      <code>;</code> separated field in the calling label file. This field may
      include commas <code>,</code>.
    </p>
    <p>
      For example subsystem ROD contains the following lines in the label file:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%DESCRIPTION    Parameter 1:    length from end 1 to mass centre
%DESCRIPTION    Parameter 2:    length from end 2 to mass centre
%DESCRIPTION    Parameter 3:    inertia about mass centre
%DESCRIPTION    Parameter 4:    mass
%DESCRIPTION    See Section 10.2 of "Metamodelling"


%Inertias
J       lin     flow,$3
m_x     lin     flow,$4
m_y     lin     flow,$4

%Integrate angular velocity to get angle
th

%Modulated transformers
s1      lsin    flow,$1
s2      lsin    flow,$2
c1      lcos    flow,$1
c2      lcos    flow,$2

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      This can be used in a higher-level lbl (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>) file as:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%SUMMARY Pendulum example from Section 10.3 of "Metamodelling"

%Rod parameters
rod     none    l;l;j;m

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language tex (desc.tex)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC102" id="SEC102"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC102::-->
    This file may contain any LaTeX compatible commands. Any mathematics should
    conform to the AMSmath package.
    <p><a name="Structure (struc)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC103" id="SEC103"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC104">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.7 Structure (struc)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC103::-->
    <p>
      The causal bond graph implies a set of equations describing the system.
      The Structure (struc) representation describes the structure of these
      equations in terms of the input, outputs, states and non-states of the
      system.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC104">6.7.1 Language txt (struc.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC105">6.7.2 Language tex (struc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC106">6.7.3 Language tex (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language txt (struc.txt)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC104" id="SEC104"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC105">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.7.1 Language txt (struc.txt)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC104::-->
    This text tile contains a description of the system structure (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a> with 5 tab-separated
    columns containing the following information:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX357" id="IDX357"></a> <code>type</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX358" id="IDX358"></a> input, output state or nonstate</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX359" id="IDX359"></a></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX360" id="IDX360"></a> index an integer corresponding to the
        array index
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX361" id="IDX361"></a></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX362" id="IDX362"></a> component name the name of the
        component corresponding to the variable
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX363" id="IDX363"></a> <code>system name</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX364" id="IDX364"></a> the name of the system containing the
        component
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX365" id="IDX365"></a> <code>repetition</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX366" id="IDX366"></a> an integer corresponding to the
        repetition of a repeated subsystem.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      An example of such a file (corresponding to rc) (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC29">3.1 Quick start</a>) is:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
input           1       e1      rc      1
output          1       e2      rc      1
state           1       c       rc      1
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language tex (struc.tex)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC105" id="SEC105"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC104">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC106">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.7.2 Language tex (struc.tex)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC105::-->
    This LaTeX (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC173">10.5 LaTeX</a>) file
    contains a description of the system structure (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a> in
    <code>longtable</code> format. It is a useful item to include in a
    report(see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>).
    <p><a name="Structure (view)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC106" id="SEC106"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC105">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.7.3 Language tex (view)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC106::-->
    This representation has the standard text view (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
    <p><a name="Constitutive Relationship (cr)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC107" id="SEC107"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC106">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC108">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.8 Constitutive relationship (cr)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC107::-->
    <p>
      The constitutive relationship (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>) of a simple
      component (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a> is defined in the
      symbolic algebra language Reduce (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>). The constitutive relationship
      of a compound components (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>) is implied by
      the constitutive relationships of its constituent components.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC108"
            >6.8.1 Predefined constitutive relationships</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">6.8.2 DIY constitutive relationships</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC112"
            >6.8.3 Unresolved constitutive relationships</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC113"
            >6.8.4 Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC114"
            >6.8.5 Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Predefined constitutive relationships"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC108" id="SEC108"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC109">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.8.1 Predefined constitutive relationships</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC108::-->
    <p>Some common cr's are predefined by MTT; these are:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX367" id="IDX367"></a> <code>lin</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX368" id="IDX368"></a> a linear constitutive relationship
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX369" id="IDX369"></a> <code>exotherm</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX370" id="IDX370"></a> an exothermic reaction</dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC109">6.8.1.1 lin</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC110">6.8.1.2 exotherm</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="lin" id="lin"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC109" id="SEC109"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC108">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC110">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC108">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.8.1.1 lin</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC109::-->
    The constitutive relationship <code>lin</code> is predefined for the
    following components.
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX371" id="IDX371"></a> <code>R</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX372" id="IDX372"></a> (one-port) R component</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX373" id="IDX373"></a> <code>TF</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX374" id="IDX374"></a> transformer</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX375" id="IDX375"></a> <code>GY</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX376" id="IDX376"></a> gyrator</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX377" id="IDX377"></a> <code>MTF</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX378" id="IDX378"></a> modulated transformer</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX379" id="IDX379"></a> <code>MGY</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX380" id="IDX380"></a> modulated gyrator</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX381" id="IDX381"></a> <code>FMR</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX382" id="IDX382"></a> flow-modulated resistor</dd>
    </dl>
    Lin takes two arguments in the form causality,gain
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX383" id="IDX383"></a> <code>causality</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX384" id="IDX384"></a> the causality (effort or flow) of the
        <em>input</em> to the constitutive relationship
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX385" id="IDX385"></a> <code>gain</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX386" id="IDX386"></a> the gain of the component when the
        input causality is as specified in the first argument.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    For example the arguments
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
flow,r
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    given to an R component corresponds to
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
e = rf
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    if if the input causality is flow or
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
f = e/r
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    if if the input causality is effort.
    <p><a name="exotherm" id="exotherm"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC110" id="SEC110"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC109">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC108">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.8.1.2 exotherm</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC110::-->
    <p><a name="DIY constitutive relationships"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC111" id="SEC111"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC110">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC112">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.8.2 DIY constitutive relationships</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC111::-->
    You can write your own constitutive relationships using Reduce (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>). This requires some understanding
    as to how <strong>MTT</strong> represent the elementary system equations
    (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a>).
    Looking at the predefined constitutive relationships is a good way to get
    started (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC186">11.5 File structure</a>).
    <p><a name="Unresolved constitutive relationships"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC112" id="SEC112"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC113">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.8.3 Unresolved constitutive relationships</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC112::-->
    <p>Consider the following CR file.</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
FOR ALL rho,g,vol,h,topt,bott,flowin,press
LET tktf2(rho,g,vol,h,topt,bott,effort,2,press,effort,1)
        = tank(rho,g,vol,h,topt,bott,press);
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Assuming that `tank' is not defined in a reduce file, MTT will leave it
    unresolved when generating m or c code.
    <p>
      The resulting function can then be expressed as octave (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC113"
        >6.8.4 Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
      >) or c++ code as (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC114"
        >6.8.5 Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++</a
      >) appropriate.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC113" id="SEC113"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC112">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC114">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.8.4 Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC113::-->
    Following the example of the previous section, the unresolved CR `tank' can
    be expressed as an Octave m-file. For example:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function p = tank (rho,g,vol,h,topt,bott,press)

  ## usage:  p = tank (vol,h,topt,bott,press)
  ##
  ##

   val = press; zt = topt; zb = bott;
   zval = 0.5*(abs(zb+(zt-zb)*val-h)+(zb+(zt-zb)*val-h));

   p = rho*g*zval + 0.5*(1+tanh((press-0.98)*500))*100000;

endfunction
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    This will be automatically loaded into octave.
    <p><a name="Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC114" id="SEC114"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC113">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.8.5 Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC114::-->
    Following the example of the previous section, the unresolved CR `tank' can
    be expressed in c++ code. For example:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
inline double tank(const double rho,
                   const double g,
                   const double vol,
                   const double h,
                   const double topt,
                   const double bott,
                   const double press)


  /*  ## usage:  p = tank (vol,h,topt,bott,press)
    ##
    ##
  */
  double p, val, zval, zt, zb;

  val = press;
  zt = topt;
  zb = bott;
  zval = 0.5 * (abs(zb + (zt - zb) * val - h) + zb + (zt - zb) * val - h);

  p = rho * g * zval + 0.5 * (1 + tanh((press - 0.98) * 500)) * 100000L;

  return p;

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      To make sure that this is used in system `model', the model_cr.h file must
      be as follows:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
// CR headers for system model
#include "tank.c"
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Parameters" id="Parameters"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC115" id="SEC115"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC114">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.9 Parameters</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC115::-->
    <p>
      In general, lbl (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>) files contain symbolic
      parameters. <strong>MTT</strong> provides three ways of substituting for
      these parameters:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>symbolic substitution</li>
      <li>symbolic substitution for simplification of displayed equations</li>
      <li>numeric</li>
    </ul>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC117"
            >6.9.2 Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Symbolic parameters (subs.r)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC116" id="SEC116"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC117">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC116::-->
    This file contains reduce statements to symbolically change the expressions
    describing the system. For example, a useful set of trig substitutions is:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
LET cos(~x)*cos(~y) = (cos(x+y)+cos(x-y))/2;
LET cos(~x)*sin(~y) = (sin(x+y)-sin(x-y))/2;
LET sin(~x)*sin(~y) = (cos(x-y)-cos(x+y))/2;
LET cos(~x)^2       = (1+cos(2*x))/2;
LET sin(~x)^2       = (1-cos(2*x));
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC117" id="SEC117"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.9.2 Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC117::-->
    This file contains reduce statements to symbolically change the expressions
    describing the system. Unlike the subs.r file (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</a>) it does
    not affect all system transformations; only those converting to LaTeX form.
    <p><a name="Numeric parameters (numpar)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC118" id="SEC118"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC117">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC115">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC118::-->
    <p>
      When computing time and frequency responses; or when evaluating functions
      in Octave (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>);
      symbolic parameters need numerical instantiations.
    </p>
    <p>
      The numpar representation provides the relevant
      <em>numerical</em> information. It comes in a number of languages:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX387" id="IDX387"></a> <code>txt</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX388" id="IDX388"></a> a textual description of the parameter
        values -- this is the defining representation (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX389" id="IDX389"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX390" id="IDX390"></a> readable by <code>octave</code> a
        high-level interactive language for numerical computation -- translated
        by <strong>mtt</strong> from the txt version.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX391" id="IDX391"></a> <code>c</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX392" id="IDX392"></a> readable by <code>gcc</code> a c
        compiler -- translated by <strong>mtt</strong> from the txt version.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Text form (numpar.txt)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC119" id="SEC119"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC119::-->
    This is the textual form of the numerical parameters representation (see
    section <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>).
    Lines are either
    <dl compact>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX393" id="IDX393"></a> <code>assignment statements</code>
      </dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX394" id="IDX394"></a> variable = value</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX395" id="IDX395"></a> <code>comments</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX396" id="IDX396"></a> lines beginning with #</dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX397" id="IDX397"></a>
        <code>commented assignment statements</code>
      </dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX398" id="IDX398"></a> variable = value # comments</dd>
    </dl>
    An example file is:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
# Numerical parameter file (rc_numpar.txt)
# Generated by MTT at Mon Jun 16 15:10:17 BST 1997

# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
# %% Version control history
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
# %% $Id: mtt.texi,v 1.18 2003/09/07 20:41:19 geraint Exp $
# %% $Log: mtt.texi,v $
# %% Revision 1.18  2003/09/07 20:41:19  geraint
# %% *** empty log message ***
# %%
# %% Revision 1.17  2003/08/19 14:20:38  gawthrop
# %% Version 5.0 of MTT
# %% Remove xref errors (spurious spaces)
# %%
# %% Revision 1.16  2003/08/19 14:11:23  gawthrop
# %% Links to legal stuff
# %%
# %% Revision 1.15  2003/08/19 14:01:45  gawthrop
# %% Added legal appendices
# %%
# %% Revision 1.14  2003/08/06 14:50:56  gawthrop
# %% Describe the alias mechanism for invoking mtt options
# %%
# %% Revision 1.13  2002/12/13 10:07:07  gawthrop
# %% Added example in sh section of DIY reps
# %%
# %% Revision 1.12  2002/09/19 08:09:31  gawthrop
# %% Updated documentation documentation
# %%
# %% Revision 1.11  2002/08/20 15:51:17  gawthrop
# %% Update to work with ident DIY rep
# %%
# %% Revision 1.10  2002/07/22 10:45:22  geraint
# %% Fixed gnuplot rep so that it correctly re-runs the simulation if input files have changed.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.9  2002/07/05 13:29:34  geraint
# %% Added notes about generating dynamically linked functions for Octave and Matlab.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.8  2002/07/04 21:34:12  geraint
# %% Updated gnuplot view description to describe Tcl/Tk interface instead of obsolete txt method.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.7  2002/04/23 09:51:54  gawthrop
# %% Changed incorrect statement about searching for components.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.6  2001/10/15 14:29:50  gawthrop
# %% Added documentaton on  [1:N] style port labels
# %%
# %% Revision 1.5  2001/07/23 03:35:29  geraint
# %% Updated file structure (mtt/bin).
# %%
# %% Revision 1.4  2001/07/23 03:25:02  geraint
# %% Added notes on -ae hybrd, rk4, ode2odes.cc, .oct dependencies.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.3  2001/07/13 03:02:38  geraint
# %% Added notes on #ICD, gnuplot.txt and odes.sg rep.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.2  2001/07/03 22:59:10  gawthrop
# %% Fixed problems with argument passing for CRs
# %%
# %% Revision 1.1  2001/06/04 08:18:52  gawthrop
# %% Putting documentation under CVS
# %%
# %% Revision 1.66  2000/12/05 14:20:55  peterg
# %% Added the c++  anf m CR info.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.65  2000/11/27 15:36:15  peterg
# %% NOPAR --&gt; NOTPAR
# %%
# %% Revision 1.64  2000/11/16 14:22:48  peterg
# %% added UNITS declaration
# %%
# %% Revision 1.63  2000/11/03 14:41:08  peterg
# %% Added PAR and NOTPAR stuff
# %%
# %% Revision 1.62  2000/10/17 17:53:34  peterg
# %% Added some simulation details
# %%
# %% Revision 1.61  2000/09/14 17:13:06  peterg
# %% New options table
# %%
# %% Revision 1.60  2000/09/14 17:09:20  peterg
# %% Tidied up valid name sections
# %% Tidied up defining represnetations table
# %% Verion 4.6
# %%
# %% Revision 1.59  2000/08/30 13:09:00  peterg
# %% Updated option table
# %%
# %% Revision 1.58  2000/08/01 13:30:19  peterg
# %% Version 4.4
# %% updated STEPFACTOR info
# %% describes octave and OCST interfaces
# %%
# %% Revision 1.57  2000/07/20 07:55:44  peterg
# %% Version 4.3
# %%
# %% Revision 1.56  2000/05/19 17:49:17  peterg
# %% Extended the user defined representation section -- new nppp rep.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.55  2000/03/16 13:53:31  peterg
# %% Correct date
# %%
# %% Revision 1.54  2000/03/15 21:22:57  peterg
# %% Updated to 4.1 -- old style SS no longer supported
# %%
# %% Revision 1.53  1999/12/22 05:33:10  peterg
# %% Updated for 4.0
# %%
# %% Revision 1.52  1999/11/23 00:25:11  peterg
# %% Added the sensitivity reps
# %%
# %% Revision 1.51  1999/11/16 04:43:47  peterg
# %% Added start of sensitivity section
# %%
# %% Revision 1.50  1999/11/16 00:30:35  peterg
# %% Updated simulation section
# %% Added vector components
# %%
# %% Revision 1.49  1999/07/20 23:44:58  peterg
# %% V 3.8
# %%
# %% Revision 1.48  1999/07/19 03:08:33  peterg
# %% Added documentation for (new) SS lbl fields
# %%
# %% Revision 1.47  1999/03/09 01:42:22  peterg
# %% Rearranged the User interface section
# %%
# %% Revision 1.46  1999/03/09 01:18:01  peterg
# %% Updated for 3.5 including xmtt
# %%
# %% Revision 1.45  1999/03/03 02:39:26  peterg
# %% Minor updates
# %%
# %% Revision 1.44  1999/02/17 06:52:14  peterg
# %% New level formula dor artwork
# %%
# %% Revision 1.43  1998/11/25 16:49:24  peterg
# %% Put in subs.r documentation (was called params.r)
# %%
# %% Revision 1.42  1998/11/24 12:24:59  peterg
# %% Added section on simulation output
# %% Version 3.4
# %%
# %% Revision 1.41  1998/09/02 12:04:15  peterg
# %% Version 3.2
# %%
# %% Revision 1.40  1998/08/27 08:36:39  peterg
# %% Removed in. methods except Euler anf implicit
# %%
# %% Revision 1.39  1998/08/18 10:44:28  peterg
# %% Typo
# %%
# %% Revision 1.38  1998/08/18 09:16:38  peterg
# %% Version 3.1
# %%
# %% Revision 1.37  1998/08/17 16:14:30  peterg
# %% Version 3.1 - includes documentation on METHOD=IMPLICIT
# %%
# %% Revision 1.36  1998/07/30 17:33:15  peterg
# %% VERSION 3.0
# %%
# %% Revision 1.35  1998/07/22 11:00:53  peterg
# %% Correct date!
# %%
# %% Revision 1.34  1998/07/22 11:00:13  peterg
# %% Version to BAe
# %%
# %% Revision 1.33  1998/07/17 19:32:19  peterg
# %% Added more about aliases
# %%
# %% Revision 1.32  1998/07/05 14:21:56  peterg
# %% Further additions (Carlisle-Glasgow)
# %%
# %% Revision 1.31  1998/07/04 11:35:57  peterg
# %% Strarted new lbl description
# %%
# %% Revision 1.30  1998/07/02 18:39:20  peterg
# %% Started 3.0
# %% Added alias and default sections.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.29  1998/05/19 19:46:58  peterg
# %% Added the odess description
# %%
# %% Revision 1.28  1998/05/14 09:17:22  peterg
# %% Added METHOD variable to the simpar file
# %%
# %% Revision 1.27  1998/05/13 10:03:09  peterg
# %% Added unknown/zero SS label documentation.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.26  1998/04/29 15:12:46  peterg
# %% Version 2.9.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.25  1998/04/12 17:00:26  peterg
# %% Added new port features: coerced direction and top-level behaviour.
# %%
# %% Revision 1.24  1998/04/05 18:27:20  peterg
# %% This was the 2.6 version
# %%
# Revision 1.23  1997/08/24  11:17:51  peterg
# This is the released  version 2.5
#
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

# Parameters
c =     1.0; # Default value
r =     1.0; # Default value
# Initial states
x(1) =  0.0; # Initial state for rc (c)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    As usual, <strong>MTT</strong> provides a default text file to be edited by
    the user (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>).
    <p><a name="Causal bond graph (cbg)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC120" id="SEC120"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC121">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.10 Causal bond graph (cbg)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC120::-->
    The causal bond graph is the causally complete version of the Acausal bond
    graph (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>).
    <p>To create the causal bond graph of system `sys' in language fig type:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys cbg fig
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    To create the causal bond graph of system `sys' in language m type:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys cbg m
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    To view the causal bond graph of system `sys' type:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys cbg view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC121">6.10.1 Language fig (cbg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Language fig (cbg.fig)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC121" id="SEC121"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.10.1 Language fig (cbg.fig)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC121::-->
    The fig file is created by <strong>MTT</strong>. It is identical to the
    corresponding acausal representation (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>) except that
    <ul>
      <li>
        the new causal strokes are added (using a double thickness line in blue)
      </li>
      <li>components that are undercausal are bold and green</li>
      <li>components that are overcausal are bold and red</li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Language m (cbg.m)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC122" id="SEC122"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC121">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC123">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC122::-->
    <p>
      The causal bond graph of system `sys' is represented as an m file with
      heading:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function [cbonds,status] = sys_cbg
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    The two outputs of this function are:
    <ul>
      <li>cbonds</li>
      <li>status</li>
    </ul>
    <p><em>cbonds</em> is a matrix with</p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each bond</li>
      <li>
        the first column contains the arrow-orientated (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>)
        causality of the <em>effort</em> variable.
      </li>
      <li>
        the second column contains the arrow-orientated (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>)
        causality of the <em>flow</em> variable.
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p><em>status</em> is a matrix with</p>
    <ul>
      <li>one row for each component</li>
      <li>
        the first column contains 1 if the component is overcausal; 0 if the
        component is causally complete and -1 if the component is undercausal.
      </li>
    </ul>
    A successful model would therefore have all zeros in the status matrix.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC123">6.10.2.1 Transformation abg2cbg_m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation abg2cbg_m"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC123" id="SEC123"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.10.2.1 Transformation abg2cbg_m</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC123::-->
    <p>
      This transformation takes the acausal bond graph as an m file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>) and transforms it
      into a causal bond graph in m-file format (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      It is based on the m-function abg2cbg.m which iteratively tries to
      complete causality whilst recursively searching the bond graph structure.
      If causality is incomplete, it picks the first acausal dynamic (C or I)
      component, asserts integral causality, and tries again.
    </p>
    <p>
      This is essentially the sequential causality assignment procedure of
      Karnopp and Rosenberg.
    </p>
    <p>
      The transformation informs the user of the final status in terms of the
      percentage of causally complete components; a successful model will yield
      100% here.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Elementary system equations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC124" id="SEC124"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC123">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC124::-->
    <p>
      The elementary system equations are a complete set of assignment
      statements describing the dynamic system corresponding to the bond graph.
      They are in the Reduce (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) language.
    </p>
    <p>
      Because these are based on a causally complete system, these assignment
      statements are directly soluble by substitution.
    </p>
    <p>
      Unlike early versions of <strong>MTT</strong>, <strong>MTT</strong> does
      <em>not</em> sort the equations in order of solution, but rather leaves
      them sorted by component and subsystem.
    </p>
    <p>
      These are not supposed to be read by the user, so there is no view
      facility as such. However, you may read these with your favourite text
      editor and, to this end, helpful comment lines have been added.
    </p>
    <p>
      Wherever components have an explicit constitutive relationship, the
      corresponding RHS of the equation has a standard form.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
cr(arguments,out_causality,outport,
        input_1, causality_1, port_1,
        ....
        input_i, causality_i, port_i,
        ....
        input_n, causality_n, port_n
        );
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where the symbols have the following meaning
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX399" id="IDX399"></a> <code>arguments</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX400" id="IDX400"></a> the constitutive relationship
        arguments
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX401" id="IDX401"></a> <code>out_causality</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX402" id="IDX402"></a> the causality (effort or flow) of the
        output variable (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX403" id="IDX403"></a> <code>outport</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX404" id="IDX404"></a> the number (integer) of the output
        port of the system
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX405" id="IDX405"></a> <code>input_i</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX406" id="IDX406"></a> the ith input to the component</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX407" id="IDX407"></a> <code>causality_i</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX408" id="IDX408"></a> the causality (effort or flow) of the
        ith input variable (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX409" id="IDX409"></a> <code>port_i</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX410" id="IDX410"></a> the number (integer) of the ith input
        port of the system
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>An example for a resistor with linear constitutive relationship is:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
rc_1_bond4_flow := lin(flow,r,flow,1,
        rc_1_bond4_effort,effort,1
        );
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation cbg2ese_m2r"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC125" id="SEC125"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC125::-->
    This transformation takes the causal bond graph as an m file (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>) and transforms it
    into elementary system equations in Reduce (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) form.
    <p>
      It is based on the m-function cbg2ese.m which iteratively traverses the
      causal bond graph writing equations as it goes.
    </p>
    <p>
      It also writes out the system structure as the file `<tt>sys_def.r</tt>'.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Differential-Algebraic Equations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC126" id="SEC126"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC126::-->
    <p>
      The system differential algebraic equations describe the system dynamics
      together together with any algebraic constraints.
    </p>
    <p>
      They are generated in language <code>lang</code> for system
      <code>sys</code> by:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys dae lang
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Valid languages are:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX411" id="IDX411"></a> <code>r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX412" id="IDX412"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX413" id="IDX413"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX414" id="IDX414"></a> m (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX415" id="IDX415"></a> <code>view</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX416" id="IDX416"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>There are five sets of variables describing the system:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX417" id="IDX417"></a> <code>x</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX418" id="IDX418"></a> the system states (corresponding to C
        and I components with integral causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX419" id="IDX419"></a> <code>z</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX420" id="IDX420"></a> the system nonstates (corresponding to
        C and I components with derivative causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX421" id="IDX421"></a> <code>u</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX422" id="IDX422"></a> the system inputs (corresponding to SS
        components with external attribute).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX423" id="IDX423"></a> <code>ui</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX424" id="IDX424"></a> the <em>internal</em> system inputs
        (corresponding to SS components with internal attribute) used to solve
        algebraic loops (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC12">1.7 Algebraic loops</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX425" id="IDX425"></a> <code>y</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX426" id="IDX426"></a> the system outputs (corresponding to
        SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      In general there are four sets of equations. The right-hand side of each
      is a function of x, dz/dt, u and ui and the left hand sides are:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>the derivative of x (dx/dt)</li>
      <li>z</li>
      <li>w=0 (the algebraic equations)</li>
      <li>y</li>
    </ol>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">6.12.1 Language reduce (dae.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">6.12.2 Language m (dae.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Differential-Algebraic Equations (reduce)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC127" id="SEC127"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC128">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.12.1 Language reduce (dae.r)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC127::-->
    <p>
      The system DAEs (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a>)
      are represented in the reduce (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) language as arrays containing
      the algebraic expressions for the right hand sides of each set of
      equations. The arrays are:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX427" id="IDX427"></a> <code>MTTx</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX428" id="IDX428"></a> x -- the system states (corresponding
        to C and I components with integral causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX429" id="IDX429"></a> <code>MTTz</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX430" id="IDX430"></a> z -- the system nonstates
        (corresponding to C and I components with derivative causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX431" id="IDX431"></a> <code>MTTu</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX432" id="IDX432"></a> u -- the system inputs (corresponding
        to SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX433" id="IDX433"></a> <code>mttv</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX434" id="IDX434"></a> ui -- the <em>internal</em> system
        inputs (corresponding to SS components with internal attribute) used to
        solve algebraic loops (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC12">1.7 Algebraic loops</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX435" id="IDX435"></a> <code>MTTy</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX436" id="IDX436"></a> y -- the system outputs (corresponding
        to SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC128">6.12.1.1 Transformation ese2dae_r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation ese2dae_r"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC128" id="SEC128"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.12.1.1 Transformation ese2dae_r</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC128::-->
    <p>
      This transformation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>) uses Reduce
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) to combine the
      elementary system equations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a>) with
      the constitutive relationships (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>) and simplify
      the result.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Differential-Algebraic Equations (m)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC129" id="SEC129"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC128">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC130">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.12.2 Language m (dae.m)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC129::-->
    The system DAEs (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a>)
    are represented in the m (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>)
    language as two m-functions of the form:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function resid = sys_dae(dx,x,t)
function y  = sys_dae(dx,x,t)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Where x is the dae <em>descriptor</em> vector and dx its time derivative; t
    is the time. The first function is of a form suitable for solution by DASSL;
    the second function can then be used to find the coresponding system output.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC130">6.12.2.1 Transformation dae_r2m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation dae_r2m"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC130" id="SEC130"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.12.2.1 Transformation dae_r2m</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC130::-->
    <p>
      This transformation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>) uses Reduce
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) to rewrite the
      elementary system equations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a>) in
      m-file format (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>) .
      Numerical parameters are declared as global.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Constrained-state Equations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC131" id="SEC131"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC130">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC131::-->
    <p>
      The system constrained-state equations describe the system dynamics for a
      special class of systems (see the book for details). The resuting
      equations are of the form:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
E(x) dx/dt = f(x,u)
y = g(x,u)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    They typically occure where two or more states are constrained to be equal,
    or proportional, to each other. For example, two capacitors in parallel or
    two inertias connected by a stiff shaft.
    <p>
      They are generated in language <code>lang</code> for system
      <code>sys</code> by:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys cse lang
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Valid languages are:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX437" id="IDX437"></a> <code>r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX438" id="IDX438"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX439" id="IDX439"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX440" id="IDX440"></a> m (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX441" id="IDX441"></a> <code>view</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX442" id="IDX442"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>There are three sets of variables describing the system:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX443" id="IDX443"></a> <code>x</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX444" id="IDX444"></a> the system states (corresponding to C
        and I components with integral causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX445" id="IDX445"></a> <code>u</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX446" id="IDX446"></a> the system inputs (corresponding to SS
        components with external attribute).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX447" id="IDX447"></a> <code>y</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX448" id="IDX448"></a> the system outputs (corresponding to
        SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      In general there are two sets of equations. The right-hand side of each is
      a function of x and u and the left hand sides are:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>the derivative of x (dx/dt) y</li>
    </ol>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">6.13.1 Language reduce (cse.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">6.13.2 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Constrained-state Equations (reduce)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC132" id="SEC132"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC133">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.13.1 Language reduce (cse.r)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC132::-->
    <p>
      The system CSEs (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>) are
      represented in the reduce (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) language as arrays containing
      the algebraic expressions for the right hand sides of each set of
      equations. The arrays are:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX449" id="IDX449"></a> <code>MTTx</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX450" id="IDX450"></a> x -- the system states (corresponding
        to C and I components with integral causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX451" id="IDX451"></a> <code>MTTu</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX452" id="IDX452"></a> u -- the system inputs (corresponding
        to SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX453" id="IDX453"></a> <code>MTTy</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX454" id="IDX454"></a> y -- the system outputs (corresponding
        to SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    together with the array containing the elements of the E matrix.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC133">6.13.1.1 Transformation dae2cse_r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation dae2cse_r"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC133" id="SEC133"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.13.1.1 Transformation dae2cse_r</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC133::-->
    <p>
      This transformation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>) Reduce (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) to find various
      Jacobians which are combined to find the E matrix and the
      constrained-state equations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Constrained-state Equations (view)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC134" id="SEC134"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC133">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.13.2 Language m (view)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC134::-->
    This representation has the standard text view (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
    <p><a name="Ordinary Differential Equations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC135" id="SEC135"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC135::-->
    <p>
      The system ordinary differential equations describe the system dynamics.
    </p>
    <p>
      They are generated in language <code>lang</code> for system
      <code>sys</code> by:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys ode lang
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Valid languages are:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX455" id="IDX455"></a> <code>r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX456" id="IDX456"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX457" id="IDX457"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX458" id="IDX458"></a> m (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX459" id="IDX459"></a> <code>view</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX460" id="IDX460"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>There are three sets of variables describing the system:</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX461" id="IDX461"></a> <code>x</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX462" id="IDX462"></a> the system states (corresponding to C
        and I components with integral causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX463" id="IDX463"></a> <code>u</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX464" id="IDX464"></a> the system inputs (corresponding to SS
        components with external attribute).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX465" id="IDX465"></a> <code>y</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX466" id="IDX466"></a> the system outputs (corresponding to
        SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      In general there are two sets of equations. The right-hand side of each is
      a function of x and u and the left hand sides are:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>the derivative of x (dx/dt) y</li>
    </ol>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">6.14.1 Language reduce (ode.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">6.14.2 Language m (ode.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">6.14.3 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Ordinary Differential Equations (reduce)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC136" id="SEC136"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC137">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.14.1 Language reduce (ode.r)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC136::-->
    <p>
      The system ODEs (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>) are
      represented in the reduce (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) language as arrays containing
      the algebraic expressions for the right hand sides of each set of
      equations. The arrays are:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX467" id="IDX467"></a> <code>MTTx</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX468" id="IDX468"></a> x -- the system states (corresponding
        to C and I components with integral causality.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX469" id="IDX469"></a> <code>MTTu</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX470" id="IDX470"></a> u -- the system inputs (corresponding
        to SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX471" id="IDX471"></a> <code>MTTy</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX472" id="IDX472"></a> y -- the system outputs (corresponding
        to SS components with external attribute).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC137">6.14.1.1 Transformation cse2ode_r</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation cse2ode_r"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC137" id="SEC137"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.14.1.1 Transformation cse2ode_r</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC137::-->
    <p>
      This transformation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>) uses Reduce
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) to invert the E
      matrix of the constrained-state equations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>) and
      simplify the result.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Ordinary Differential Equations (m)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC138" id="SEC138"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC137">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC139">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.14.2 Language m (ode.m)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC138::-->
    The system ODEs (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>) are
    represented in the m (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>)
    language as two m-functions of the form:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function dx = sys_ODE(x,t)
function y  = sys_ODE(dx,x,t)
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Where x is the ODE <em>state</em> vector and dx its time derivative; t is
    the time. The first function is of a form suitable for solution by odesol;
    the second function can then be used to find the corresponding system
    output.
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC139">6.14.2.1 Transformation ode_r2m</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Transformation ode_r2m"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC139" id="SEC139"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h4>6.14.2.1 Transformation ode_r2m</h4>
    <!--docid::SEC139::-->
    <p>
      This transformation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>) uses Reduce
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) to rewrite the
      ordinary differential equations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>) in
      m-file format (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>) .
      Numerical parameters are declared as global.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Ordinary Differential Equations (view)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC140" id="SEC140"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC139">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.14.3 Language m (view)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC140::-->
    This representation has the standard text view (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
    <p><a name="Descriptor matrices"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC141" id="SEC141"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC141::-->
    <p>
      The system descriptor matrices A, B, C, D and E describe the
      <em>linearised</em> system dynamics in the form
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
E dx/dt = Ax + Bu
y = Cx + Du
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      They are generated in language <code>lang</code> for system
      <code>sys</code> by:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys dm lang
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    Valid languages are:
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX473" id="IDX473"></a> <code>r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX474" id="IDX474"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX475" id="IDX475"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX476" id="IDX476"></a> m (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>).
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX477" id="IDX477"></a> <code>view</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX478" id="IDX478"></a> reduce (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">6.15.1 Language reduce (dm.r)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">6.15.2 Language m (dm.m)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Descriptor matrices (reduce)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC142" id="SEC142"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.15.1 Language reduce (dm.r)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC142::-->
    <p>
      The system descriptor matrices (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a>) are
      represented in the reduce (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>) language as arrays containing
      the four matrices. The arrays are:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX479" id="IDX479"></a> <code>MTTA</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX480" id="IDX480"></a> A</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX481" id="IDX481"></a> <code>MTTB</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX482" id="IDX482"></a> B</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX483" id="IDX483"></a> <code>MTTA</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX484" id="IDX484"></a> C</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX485" id="IDX485"></a> <code>MTTD</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX486" id="IDX486"></a> D</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX487" id="IDX487"></a> <code>MTTE</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX488" id="IDX488"></a> E</dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="Descriptor matrices (m)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC143" id="SEC143"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.15.2 Language m (dm.m)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC143::-->
    The system descriptor matrices (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a>) are represented
    in the m (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a>) language as an
    m-function of the form:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
function [A,B,C,D,E] = sys_dm
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      System numeric parameters (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a>) are passed via
      global variables defined in the _numpar.m file. Thus the system descriptor
      matrices are typically generated in Octave (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>) as follows:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
sys_numpar
[A,B,C,D,E] = sys_dm
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      Parameters can be changed from their default values by entering their
      values directly into Octave (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>) and then invoking
      <code>sys_dm</code>; for example
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
sys_numpar
par_1 = 25
par_2 = par_1 + 3
[A,B,C,D,E] = sys_dm
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Report" id="Report"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC144" id="SEC144"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>6.16 Report (rep)</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC144::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> has a report-generator feature. The user specifies
      the report contents in a text file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>) using an
      appropriate text editor (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>).
    </p>
    <p>For example, the report can be viewed by typing</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt system rep view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC146">6.16.2 Language view</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Report (text)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC145" id="SEC145"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC146">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC145::-->
    <p>
      The user specifies the report contents in a text file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>) using an
      appropriate text editor (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>). The text file contains
      lines which are either comments (indicated by %) or valid
      <strong>MTT</strong> commands. The report will then contain appropriate
      sections. The following languages are supported by the report generator:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX489" id="IDX489"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX490" id="IDX490"></a> <code>octave</code> a high-level
        interactive language for numerical computation.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX491" id="IDX491"></a> <code>r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX492" id="IDX492"></a> <code>reduce</code> a high-level
        interactive language for symbolic computation.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX493" id="IDX493"></a> <code>tex</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX494" id="IDX494"></a> <code>latex</code> a text processor.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX495" id="IDX495"></a> <code>ps</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX496" id="IDX496"></a> <code>ghostview</code> another
        document viewer.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX497" id="IDX497"></a> <code>c</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX498" id="IDX498"></a> <code>gcc</code> a c compiler.</dd>
    </dl>
    For example:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt rc abg tex
mtt rc cbg ps
mtt rc struc tex
mtt rc ode tex
mtt rc sro ps
mtt rc tf tex
mtt rc lmfr ps
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The acausal bond graph (abg) (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>) with the tex
      language is handled in a special way: the acausal Bond Graph in fig format
      (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>),
      the label file (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>)
      the description file (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>),
      together with corresponding subsystems are included in the report. It is
      recommended that the first (non-comment line) in the file should be:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt &lt;system&gt; abg tex
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where <code>&lt;system&gt;</code> is the name of the (top-level) system.
    <p>
      As usual, <strong>MTT</strong> provides a default text file to be edited
      by the user (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      In the special case that the first argument to mtt (normally the system)
      is a directory, a default text file is provided which generates a report
      for all systems to be found in that directory tree.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Report (view)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC146" id="SEC146"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>6.16.2 Language view</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC146::-->
    This representation has the standard text view (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>).
    <p><a name="Extending MTT"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC147" id="SEC147"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC146">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC148">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>7. Extending MTT</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC147::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> has a number of built-in mechanisms for the user to
      extend its capabilities. As <strong>MTT</strong> is based on `Make' it is
      unsurprising that some of these involve the creation of `make files'.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC148">7.1 Makefiles</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">7.2 New (DIY) representations</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">7.3 Component library</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Makefiles" id="Makefiles"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC148" id="SEC148"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>7.1 Makefiles</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC148::-->
    <p>
      If a file called `Makefile' exists in the current directory,
      <strong>MTT</strong> executes it using make before doing anything else.
      This is useful if one of the .txt files contains a reference to, for
      example, an octave function of which <strong>MTT</strong> unaware. Such a
      function can be created using the makefile. An example `Makefile' is
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
# Makefile for the Two link GMV example

all: msdP_tf.m TwoLinkP_obs.m TwoLinkP_sm.m twolinkp_sm.m TwoLinkGMV_numpar.m

msdP_tf.m: msdP_abg.fig
        mtt -q msdP tf m

TwoLinkP_obs.m: TwoLinkP_abg.fig TwoLinkP_lbl.txt
        mtt -q TwoLinkP obs m

TwoLinkP_sm.m: TwoLinkP_abg.fig TwoLinkP_lbl.txt
        mtt -q TwoLinkP sm m

twolinkp_sm.m: TwoLinkP_sm.m
        cp -v TwoLinkP_sm.m twolinkp_sm.m

TwoLinkGMV_numpar.m: TwoLinkGMV_numpar.txt
        mtt -q TwoLinkGMV numpar m
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    All of the files in the line stating `all:' are created when
    <strong>MTT</strong> is executed (if they don't already exist).
    <p><a name="New (DIY) representations"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC149" id="SEC149"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC148">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>7.2 New (DIY) representations</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC149::-->
    <p>
      It may be convenient to create new representations for
      <strong>MTT</strong>; in particular, it is nice to be able to include the
      result of some numerical or symbolic computations within an
      <strong>MTT</strong> report (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a>). Therefore
      <strong>MTT</strong> provides a mechanism for doing this.
    </p>
    <p>
      Future extensions of <strong>MTT</strong> will use such representations
      stored in $MTT_REP.
    </p>
    <p>There are three parts to creating a DIY representation called myrep</p>
    <ol>
      <li>Creating a make file in Make format called myrep_rep.make</li>
      <li>Optionally creating a shell script called myrep_rep.sh</li>
      <li>
        Optionally creating a documentation file in LaTeX format called
        myrep_rep.tex
      </li>
    </ol>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC151">7.2.2 Shell-script</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC152">7.2.3 Documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Makefile (DIY representations)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC150" id="SEC150"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC151">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>7.2.1 Makefile</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC150::-->
    <p>
      To create a new representation `myrep' in a language `mylang', create a
      file with the name
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
myrep_rep.make
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    This file must contain text in `make' syntax. It is executed by
    <strong>MTT</strong> and the two arguments `SYS' (the system name) and
    `LANG' (the language) are passed to it by <strong>MTT</strong>. Note that
    <strong>MTT</strong> cannot know of any prerequisites, but these can be
    explicitly included in the makefile (which may include execution of
    <strong>MTT</strong> itself.
    <p>
      The following example declares the new representation `ident' which is
      created in conjunction with the shell-script ident_rep.sh (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC151">7.2.2 Shell-script</a>).
    </p>
    <p>@verbatim # -*-makefile-*-</p>
    <p>
      #SUMMARY Identification #DESCRIPTION Partially know system identification
      using #DESCRIPTION using bond graphs
    </p>
    <p># Makefile for representation ident # File ident_rep.make</p>
    <p>#Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 by Peter J. Gawthrop</p>
    <p>
      ## Model targets model_reps = ${SYS}_sympar.m ${SYS}_simpar.m
      ${SYS}_state.m model_reps += ${SYS}_numpar.m ${SYS}_input.m
      ${SYS}_ode2odes.m model_reps += ${SYS}_def.m
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Prepend s to get the sensitivity targets sensitivity_reps =
      ${model_reps:%=s%}
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Model prerequisites model_pre = ${SYS}_abg.fig ${SYS}_lbl.txt model_pre
      += ${SYS}_rdae.r ${SYS}_numpar.txt
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Prepend s to get the sensitivity targets sensitivity_pre =
      ${model_pre:%=s%}
    </p>
    <p>## Simulation targets sims = ${SYS}_sim.m s${SYS}_ssim.m</p>
    <p>
      ## m-files needed for ident ident_m = ${SYS}_ident.m ${SYS}_ident_numpar.m
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Targets for the ident simulation ident_reps = ${ident_m} ${sims}
      ${model_reps} ${sensitivity_reps}
    </p>
    <p>
      ## ps output files etc psfiles = ${SYS}_ident.ps
      ${SYS}_ident.comparison.ps figfiles = ${psfiles:%.ps=%.fig} gdatfiles =
      ${psfiles:%.ps=%.gdat} datfiles = ${psfiles:%.ps=%.dat2}
    </p>
    <p>## LaTeX files etc latexfiles = ${SYS}_ident_par.tex</p>
    <p>all: ${SYS}_ident.${LANG}</p>
    <p>
      echo: echo "sims: ${sims}" echo "model_reps: ${model_reps}" echo
      "sensitivity_reps: ${sensitivity_reps}" echo "ident_reps: ${ident_reps}"
    </p>
    <p>${SYS}_ident.view: ${psfiles} ident_rep.sh ${SYS} view</p>
    <p>${psfiles}: ${figfiles} ident_rep.sh ${SYS} ps</p>
    <p>${figfiles}: ${gdatfiles} ident_rep.sh ${SYS} fig</p>
    <p>${gdatfiles}: ${datfiles} ident_rep.sh ${SYS} gdat</p>
    <p>${datfiles} ${latexfiles}: ${ident_reps} ident_rep.sh ${SYS} dat2</p>
    <p>${SYS}_ident.m: ident_rep.sh ${SYS} m</p>
    <p>${SYS}_ident_numpar.m: ident_rep.sh ${SYS} numpar.m</p>
    <p>
      ## System model reps ## Generic txt files ${SYS}_%.txt: mtt ${OPTS} -q
      -stdin ${SYS} $* txt
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Specific m files ${SYS}_ode2odes.m: ${model_pre} mtt -q -stdin ${OPTS}
      ${SYS} ode2odes m
    </p>
    <p>${SYS}_sim.m: ${SYS}_ode2odes.m mtt ${OPTS} -q -stdin ${SYS} sim m</p>
    <p>## Numpar files ${SYS}_numpar.m: mtt ${SYS} numpar m</p>
    <p>## Sympar files ${SYS}_sympar.m: mtt ${SYS} sympar m</p>
    <p>
      ## Generic txt to m ${SYS}_%.m: ${SYS}_%.txt mtt ${OPTS} -q -stdin ${SYS}
      $* m
    </p>
    <p>
      ## r files ${SYS}_def.r: ${SYS}_abg.fig mtt ${OPTS} -q -stdin ${SYS} def r
    </p>
    <p>${SYS}_rdae.r: mtt ${OPTS} -q -stdin ${SYS} rdae r</p>
    <p>
      ## Sensitivity model reps ## Generic txt files s${SYS}_%.txt: mtt ${OPTS}
      -q -stdin -s s${SYS} $* txt
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Specific m files ## Numpar files s${SYS}_numpar.m: mtt -s s${SYS}
      numpar m
    </p>
    <p>## Sympar files s${SYS}_sympar.m: mtt -s s${SYS} sympar m</p>
    <p>
      s${SYS}_ode2odes.m: ${sensitivity_pre} mtt -q -stdin ${OPTS} -s s${SYS}
      ode2odes m
    </p>
    <p>s${SYS}_ssim.m: mtt -q -stdin ${OPTS} -s s${SYS} ssim m</p>
    <p>s${SYS}_def.m: mtt -q -stdin ${OPTS} -s s${SYS} def m</p>
    <p>
      ## Generic txt to m s${SYS}_%.m: s${SYS}_%.txt mtt ${OPTS} -q -stdin
      s${SYS} $* m
    </p>
    <p>## r files s${SYS}_rdae.r: mtt ${OPTS} -q -stdin -s s${SYS} rdae r</p>
    <p><a name="Shell-script (DIY representations)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC151" id="SEC151"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC152">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>7.2.2 Shell-script</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC151::-->
    <p>
      For more complex DIY representations, it is convenient to define new
      commands to be used by the Makefile (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      The following example shows this in the context of the DIY representation
      `ident' used as an example in the previous section (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a>).
    </p>
    <p>@verbatim #! /bin/sh</p>
    <p>
      ## ident_rep.sh ## DIY representation "ident" for mtt # Copyright (C) 2002
      by Peter J. Gawthrop
    </p>
    <p>ps=ps</p>
    <p>sys=$1 rep=ident lang=$2 mtt_parameters=$3 rep_parameters=$4</p>
    <p>
      ## Some names target=${sys}_${rep}.${lang} def_file=${sys}_def.r
      dat2_file=${sys}_ident.dat2 dat2s_file=${sys}_idents.dat2
      ident_numpar_file=${sys}_ident_numpar.m
      option_file=${sys}_ident_mtt_options.txt
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Get system information if [ -f "${def_file}" ]; then echo Using
      ${def_file} else mtt -q ${sys} def r fi
    </p>
    <p>ny=`mtt_getsize $1 y` nu=`mtt_getsize $1 u`</p>
    <p>
      check_new_options() { if [ -f "${option_file}" ]; then old_options=`cat
      ${option_file}` if [ "${mtt_options}" != "${old_options}" ]; then echo
      ${mtt_options} &gt; ${option_file} fi else echo ${mtt_options} &gt;
      ${option_file} fi }
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Make the _ident.m file make_ident() { filename=${sys}_${rep}.m
      date=`date` echo Creating ${filename}
    </p>
    <p>
      cat &gt; ${filename} &lt;&lt;EOF function [epar,Y] = ${sys}_ident
      (y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras)
    </p>
    <p>
      ## usage: [epar,Y] = ${sys}_ident (y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras) ## ## last
      last time in run ## ppp_names Column vector of names of ppp params ##
      par_names Column vector of names of estimated params ## extras Structure
      containing additional info ## ## Created by MTT on ${date} ## Sensitivity
      system name system_name = "s${sys}"
    </p>
    <p>
      ##Sanity check if nargin&lt;3 printf("Usage: [y,u,t] =
      ${sys}_ident(y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras);"); return endif
    </p>
    <p>
      if nargin&lt;6 ## Set up optional parameters extras.criterion = 1e-3;
      extras.emulate_timing = 0; extras.max_iterations = 10; extras.simulate =
      2; extras.v = 1e-2; extras.verbose = 1; extras.visual = 1; endif ## System
      info [n_x,n_y,n_u,n_z,n_yz] = ${sys}_def; sympar = ${sys}_sympar; simpar =
      ${sys}_simpar; sympars = s${sys}_sympar; simpars = s${sys}_simpar;
    </p>
    <p>## Parameter indices i_par = ppp_indices (par_names,sympar,sympars);</p>
    <p>## Initial model state x_0 = zeros(2*n_x,1);</p>
    <p>## Initial model parameters par_0 = s${sys}_numpar;</p>
    <p>
      ## Reset simulation parameters [n_data,m_data] = size(y); dt = t(2)-t(1);
      simpars.last = (n_data-1)*dt; simpars.dt = dt;
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Identification [epar,Par,Error,Y,iterations,x] =
      ppp_optimise(system_name,x_0,par_0,simpars,u,y,i_par,Q,extras); ## Do some
      plots figure(1); title("Comparison of data"); xlabel("t"); ylabel("y");
      [N,M] = size(Y); plot(t,Y(:,M-n_y+1:M),"1;Estimated;", t,y,"3;Actual;");
      figfig("${sys}_ident_comparison");
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Create a table of the parameters [n_par,m_par] = size(i_par); fid =
      fopen("${sys}_ident_par.tex", "w");
      fprintf(fid,"\\\\begin{table}[htbp]\\n"); fprintf(fid,"
      \\\\centering\\n"); fprintf(fid," \\\\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\\n");
      fprintf(fid," \\\\hline\\n"); fprintf(fid," Name &amp; Value \\\\\\\\
      \\n"); fprintf(fid," \\\\hline\\n"); for i = 1:n_par fprintf(fid,"$%s$
      &amp; %4.2f \\\\\\\\ \\n", par_names(i,:), epar(i_par(i,1))); endfor
      fprintf(fid," \\\\hline\\n"); fprintf(fid,"\\\\end{tabular}\\n");
      fprintf(fid,"\\\\caption{Estimated Parameters}\\n");
      fprintf(fid,"\\\\end{table}\\n"); fclose(fid);
    </p>
    <p>endfunction EOF }</p>
    <p>
      make_ident_numpar() { echo Creating ${ident_numpar_file} cat &gt;
      ${sys}_ident_numpar.m &lt;&lt;EOF function [y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras] =
      ${sys}_ident_numpar;
    </p>
    <p>
      ## usage: [y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras] = ${sys}_ident_numpar; ## Edit for
      your own requirements ## Created by MTT on ${date}
    </p>
    <p>
      ## This section sets up the data source ## simulate = 0 Real data (you
      supply ${sys}_ident_data.dat) ## simulate = 1 Real data input, simulated
      output ## simulate = 2 Unit step input, simulated output simulate = 2;
    </p>
    <p>
      ## System info [n_x,n_y,n_u,n_z,n_yz] = ${sys}_def; simpars =
      s${sys}_simpar;
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Access or create data if (simulate&lt;2) # Get the real data if
      (exist("${sys}_ident_data.dat")==2) printf("Loading
      ${sys}_ident_data.dat\n"); load ${sys}_ident_data.dat else printf("Please
      create a loadable file ${sys}_ident_data.dat containing y,u and t\n");
      return endif else switch simulate case 2 # Step simulation t =
      [0:simpars.dt:simpars.last]'; u = ones(size(t)); otherwise
      error(sprintf("simulate = %i not implemented", simulate)); endswitch endif
      if (simulate&gt;0) par = ${sys}_numpar(); x_0 = ${sys}_state(par); dt =
      t(2)-t(1); simpars.dt = dt; simpars.last = t(length(t)); y =
      ${sys}_sim(zeros(n_x,1), par, simpars, u); endif
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Default parameter names - Put in your own here sympar = ${sys}_sympar;
      # Symbolic params as structure par_names = struct_elements (sympar); #
      Symbolic params as strings [n,m] = size(par_names); # Size the string list
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Sort by index for [i,name] = sympar par_names(i,:) =
      sprintf("%s%s",name, blanks(m-length(name))); endfor ## Output weighting
      vector Q = ones(n_y,1); ## Extra parameters extras.criterion = 1e-5;
      extras.emulate_timing = 0; extras.max_iterations = 10; extras.simulate =
      simulate; extras.v = 1e-2; extras.verbose = 1; extras.visual = 1;
    </p>
    <p>endfunction EOF }</p>
    <p>make_dat2() {</p>
    <p>## Inform user echo Creating ${dat2_file}</p>
    <p>
      ## Use octave to generate the data octave -q &lt;&lt;EOF
      [y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras] = ${sys}_ident_numpar; [epar,Y] = ${sys}_ident
      (y,u,t,par_names,Q,extras); [N,M] = size(Y); y_est = Y(:,M); data =
      [t,y_est,u]; save -ascii ${dat2_file} data EOF
    </p>
    <p>
      ## Tidy up the latex stuff - convert foo_123 to foo_{123} cat
      ${sys}_ident_par.tex &gt; mtt_junk sed -e "s/_\([a-z0-9,]*\)/_{\1}/g" &lt;
      mtt_junk &gt;${sys}_ident_par.tex rm mtt_junk }
    </p>
    <p>
      case ${lang} in numpar.m) ## Make the numpar stuff make_ident_numpar; ;;
      m) ## Make the code make_ident; ;; dat2) ## The dat2 language (output
      data) &amp; fig file make_dat2; ;; gdat) cp ${dat2_file} ${dat2s_file}
      dat22dat ${sys} ${rep} dat2gdat ${sys} ${rep} ;; fig) gdat2fig
      ${sys}_${rep} ;; ps) figs=`ls ${sys}_ident*.fig | sed -e 's/\.fig//'` for
      fig in ${figs}; do fig2dev -Leps ${fig}.fig &gt; ${fig}.ps done texs=`ls
      ${sys}_ident*.tex | sed -e 's/\.tex//'` for tex in ${texs}; do makedoc ""
      "${sys}" "ident_par" "tex" "" "" "$ps" doc2$ps ${sys}_ident_par
      "$documenttype" done ;; view) pss=`ls ${sys}_ident*.ps` echo Viewing
      ${pss} for ps in ${pss}; do gv ${ps}&amp; done ;; *) echo Language ${lang}
      not supported by ${rep} representation exit 3 esac
    </p>
    <p><a name="Documentation (DIY representations)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC152" id="SEC152"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC151">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>7.2.3 Documentation</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC152::-->
    <p><a name="Component library"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC153" id="SEC153"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC152">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>7.3 Component library</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC153::-->
    <p>
      If <strong>MTT</strong> does not recognise a component (eg named
      MyComponent) as a simple component (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>) or as already
      existing, it searches the library search path $MTT_COMPONENTS (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC182">11.4.2 $MTT_COMPONENTS</a>) for a directory
      called MyComponent containing MyComponent_lbl.txt. It then copies the
      <em>entire</em> directory into the current working directory. Thus, for
      example, the directory could contain MyComponent_desc.tex
      MyComponent_abg.fig MyComponent_lbl.txt and MyComponent_cr.r in addition
      to MyComponent_lbl.txt.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Documentation" id="Documentation"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC154" id="SEC154"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC155">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC147">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>8. Documentation</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC154::-->
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC155">8.1 Manual</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">8.2 On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Manual (Documentation)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC155" id="SEC155"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>8.1 Manual</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC155::-->
    <p>
      MTT is documented in this manual. The manual can be invoked in various
      ways:
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX499" id="IDX499"></a> <code>mtt manual</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX500" id="IDX500"></a> Brings up a pdf version of the manual
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX501" id="IDX501"></a> <code>mtt info</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX502" id="IDX502"></a> Brings up an xterm containing an info
        version of the manual
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX503" id="IDX503"></a> <code>mtt hinfo</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX504" id="IDX504"></a> Brings up an html browser containing
        the manual
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX505" id="IDX505"></a> <code>emacs</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX506" id="IDX506"></a> type ^h^i followed by mmtt in the
        command window
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX507" id="IDX507"></a> <code>browser</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX508" id="IDX508"></a> point browser to mtt.sf.netb</dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="On-line documentation"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC156" id="SEC156"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC155">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC157">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>8.2 On-line documentation</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC156::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> components, constitutive relations, examples and
      representations in libraries (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">7.3 Component library</a>) are documented in two
      ways:
    </p>
    <ol>
      <li>brief</li>
      <li>verbose</li>
    </ol>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC157">8.2.1 Brief on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Brief" id="Brief"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC157" id="SEC157"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>8.2.1 Brief on-line documentation</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC157::-->
    <p>
      Documentation of DIY components, examples, constitutive relationships and
      representations is provides by the programmer by inserting code of the
      form
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
#SUMMARY     One line summary
#DESCRIPTION Multi-line
#DESCRIPTION More detailed description
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>within the appropriate file (usually at or near the top):</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX509" id="IDX509"></a> <code>components</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX510" id="IDX510"></a> _lbl.txt (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX511" id="IDX511"></a> <code>examples</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX512" id="IDX512"></a> _lbl.txt (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX513" id="IDX513"></a> <code>constitutive relations</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX514" id="IDX514"></a> _cr.r (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">6.8.2 DIY constitutive relationships</a>)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX515" id="IDX515"></a> <code>representations</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX516" id="IDX516"></a> _rep.make (see section
        <a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a>)
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>This documentation is accessed by the user in various ways</p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX517" id="IDX517"></a> <code>mtt help name</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX518" id="IDX518"></a> prints basic information on the screen
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX519" id="IDX519"></a> <code>mtt system lbl view</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX520" id="IDX520"></a> gives formatted information about the
        component or example
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX521" id="IDX521"></a>
        <code>Including mtt system abg tex in the _rep.txt file</code>
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX522" id="IDX522"></a> gives formatted information about the
        component or example within the report
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p><a name="Detailed" id="Detailed"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC158" id="SEC158"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC157">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC158::-->
    <p>
      DIY components, examples, constitutive relationships can be described
      textually in LaTeX (.tex) description file; this is the only language for
      this representation. This representation is used by the LaTeX language
      version (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">6.4.4 Language tex (abg.tex)</a>) of the acausal
      bond graph representation (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>).
    </p>
    <p>
      The file may contain any LaTeX commands valis for the "article" document
      type but must <strong>not</strong> contain:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>documentclass commands</li>
      <li>document environments</li>
    </ul>
    <p><a name="Languages" id="Languages"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC159" id="SEC159"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC160">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC154">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>9. Languages</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC159::-->
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC160">9.1 Fig</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top">r</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC163">9.4 c</a></td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      These are a number of languages used by <strong>MTT</strong> to implement
      the various representations. Each has associated Language tools (see
      section <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">10. Language tools</a>) to manipulate
      and/or view the representation.
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX523" id="IDX523"></a> <code>fig</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX524" id="IDX524"></a> <code>Fig</code> a graphical
        description language.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX525" id="IDX525"></a> <code>m</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX526" id="IDX526"></a> <code>octave</code> a high-level
        interactive language for numerical computation.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX527" id="IDX527"></a> <code>r</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX528" id="IDX528"></a> <code>reduce</code> a high-level
        interactive language for symbolic computation.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX529" id="IDX529"></a> <code>tex</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX530" id="IDX530"></a> <code>latex</code> a text processor.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX531" id="IDX531"></a> <code>dvi</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX532" id="IDX532"></a> <code>xdvi</code> a document viewer.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX533" id="IDX533"></a> <code>ps</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX534" id="IDX534"></a> <code>ghostview</code> another
        document viewer.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX535" id="IDX535"></a> <code>gdat</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX536" id="IDX536"></a> <code>gnuplot</code> a data viewer.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX537" id="IDX537"></a> <code>c</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX538" id="IDX538"></a> <code>gcc</code> a c compiler.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX539" id="IDX539"></a> <code>sg</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX540" id="IDX540"></a> <code>scigraphica</code> a plotting
        package.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      These tools are automatically invoked as appropriate by
      <strong>MTT</strong>; but for more advanced use, these tools can be used
      directly on files (with the appropriate suffix) generated by
      <strong>MTT</strong>.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Fig" id="Fig"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC160" id="SEC160"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>9.1 Fig</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC160::-->
    Please see xfig documentation.
    <p><a name="m" id="m"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC161" id="SEC161"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC160">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>9.2 m</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC161::-->
    Please see Octave documentation &lt;A
    HREF="http://www.che.wisc.edu/octave/"&gt;Octave&lt;/A&gt; documentation.
    &lt;A HREF="http://www.mathworks.com/homepage.html"&gt;Matlab&lt;/A&gt;
    documentation.
    <p><a name="Reduce" id="Reduce"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC162" id="SEC162"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC161">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC163">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>9.3 Reduce</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC162::-->
    Please see the reduce documentation.
    <p><a name="c" id="c"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC163" id="SEC163"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC162">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>9.4 c</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC163::-->
    Please see the gcc documentation. <a name="Language tools"></a>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC164" id="SEC164"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC163">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC159">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>10. Language tools</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC164::-->
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">10.2 Xfig</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC173">10.5 LaTeX</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Views" id="Views"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC165" id="SEC165"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>10.1 Views</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC165::-->
    <p>
      A number of representations (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a>) have a language
      representation which is particularly useful for viewing by the user. These
      views are invoked, where appropriate by the command:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
mtt sys rep view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    where <code>sys</code> is the system name and <code>rep</code> a
    corresponding representation.
    <p><a name="Xfig" id="Xfig"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC166" id="SEC166"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC165">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>10.2 Xfig</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC166::-->
    <p><a name="Text editors"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC167" id="SEC167"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>10.3 Text editors</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC167::-->
    All representations live in text files and thus may be edited using your
    favourite text editor; however, the Fig (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC160">9.1 Fig</a>) representation is pretty meaningless
    in this form and so you should use Xfig (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC166">10.2 Xfig</a>) for representation in this
    language.
    <p>
      Its up to you which text editor to use. I recommend emacs, but simpler
      (and less powerful) editors such as xedit, textedit and vi are also ok.
    </p>
    <p>
      I usually run <strong>MTT</strong> out of an emacs shell window and keep
      the rest of the files in emacs buffers.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Octave" id="Octave"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC168" id="SEC168"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC167">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC169">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>10.4 Octave</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC168::-->
    <p>
      Octave is a numerical matrix-based language See section `Octave' in
      <cite>Octave</cite>. It is similar to Matlab in many ways. In most cases,
      m-files generated by <strong>MTT</strong> can be understood by both Matlab
      and Octave (and no doubt other Matlab lookalikes).
    </p>
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> provides the octave function <code>mtt</code>. The
      octave command
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
help mtt
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives the following information:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
 usage:  mtt (system[,representation,language])

 Invokes mtt from octave to generate system_representation.language
 Ie equivalent to "mtt system representation language" at the shell
 Representation and language defualt to "sm" and "m" respectively

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      Thus for example, if octave is in the directory containing the system rc
      the following session generates the state matrices of the system "rc" with
      the defaut capacitance but resitance r=0.1.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
octave&gt; mtt("rc");
Creating rc_rbg.m
Creating rc_cmp.m
Creating rc_fig.fig
Creating rc_sabg.fig
Creating rc_alias.txt
Creating rc_alias.m
Creating rc_sub.sh
Creating rc_abg.m
Creating rc_cbg.m (maximise integral causality)
Creating rc_type.sh
Creating rc_ese.r
Creating rc_def.r
Creating rc_struc.txt
Creating rc_rdae.r
Creating rc_subs.r
Creating rc_cr.txt
Creating rc_cr.r
Copying CR SS to here from
Copying CR lin to here from
Creating rc_dae.r
Creating rc_sympar.txt
Creating rc_sympar.r
Creating rc_cse.r
Creating rc_sspar.r
Creating rc_csm.r
Creating rc_ode.r
Creating rc_ss.r
Creating rc_sm.r
Creating rc_switch.txt
0 switches found
Creating rc_sympars.txt
Creating rc_sm.m
Copying rc_sm.m
octave&gt; mtt("rc","numpar");
Creating rc_numpar.txt
Creating rc_numpar.m
Copying rc_numpar.m
octave&gt; mtt("rc","sympar");
Creating rc_sympar.m
Copying rc_sympar.m
octave&gt; par = rc_numpar
par =

  1
  1

octave&gt; sym = rc_sympar;

octave&gt; par(sym.r) = 0.1;
octave&gt; [A,B,C,D] = rc_sm(par)
A = -10

B = 10

C = 1

D = 0

octave&gt;
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    generates the data structure rc corresponding the the bond graph of the
    system called `rc'. The following octave commands then generate the step
    reponse and bode diagram respectively:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
step(rc);
bode(rc);
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">10.4.2 Creating GNU Octave .oct files</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">10.4.3 Creating Matlab .mex files</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">10.4.4 Embedding MTT models in Simulink</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Octave control system toolbox (OCST)"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC169" id="SEC169"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC169::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> provides an interface to the Octave control system
      toolbox (OCST) using the mfile <code>mtt2sys</code>. the octave command
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
help mtt2sys
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    gives the following information.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
 usage:  sys = mtt2sys (Name[,par])

 Creates a sys structure for the Octave Control Systems Toolbox
 from an MTT system with name "Name"
 Optional second argument is system parameter list
 Assumes that Name_sm.m, Name_struc.m and Name_numpar.m exist
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      Thus for example, if octave is in the directory containing the system rc:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
rc = mtt2sys("rc");
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    generates the data structure rc corresponding the the bond graph of the
    system called `rc'. The following octave commands then generate the step
    reponse and bode diagram respectively:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
step(rc);
bode(rc);
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Creating GNU Octave .oct files"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC170" id="SEC170"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC169">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>10.4.2 Creating GNU Octave .oct files</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC170::-->
    <p>
      GNU Octave dynamically loaded functions (.oct files) can be created by
      instructing <strong>MTT</strong> to create the "oct" representation:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  mtt [options] sys ode oct
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      This will cause <strong>MTT</strong> to create the C++ representation of
      the system (sys_ode.cc) and to then compile it as a shared object suitable
      for use within Octave. The resultant file may be used in an identical
      manner to the equivalent, but generally slower, interpreted .m file.
    </p>
    <p>
      Usage information for the function may be obtained within Octave in the
      usual manner:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  octave:1&gt; help rc_ode

  rc_ode is the dynamically-linked function from the file
  /home/mttuser/rc/rc_ode.oct

  Usage: [mttdx] = rc_ode(mttx,mttu,mttt,mttpar)
  Octave ode representation of system rc
  Generated by MTT on Fri Jul  5 11:23:08 BST 2002
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      Note that the first line of output from Octave identifies whether the
      compiled or interpreted function is being used.
    </p>
    <p>
      Alternatively, standard representations may be generated using the Octave
      DLDs by use of the "-oct" switch:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  mtt -oct rc odeso view
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      In order to successfully generate .oct files, Octave must be correctly
      configured prior to compilation and certain headers and libraries must be
      correctly installed on the system (see section
      <a href="mtt.html#SEC179">11.3.2 .oct file dependencies</a>).
    </p>
    <p><a name="Creating Matlab .mex files"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC171" id="SEC171"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>10.4.3 Creating Matlab .mex files</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC171::-->
    <p>
      On GNU/Linux systems, Matlab dynamically linked executables (.mexglx
      files) can created by instructing <strong>MTT</strong> to create the
      "mexglx" representation:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  mtt [options] sys ode mexglx
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      This will cause <strong>MTT</strong> to create the C++ representation of
      the system (sys_ode.cc) and to then compile it as a shared object suitable
      for use within Matlab.
    </p>
    <p>
      If it is necessary to compile mex files for another platform, then the
      usual C++ representation (generated with the -cc flag) can be created and
      the resultant file compiled with the -DCODEGENTARGET=MATLABMEX flag on the
      target platform.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  mtt_machine:
  mtt -cc rc ode cc

  matlab_machine:
  matlab&gt; mex -DCODEGENTARGET=MATLABMEX rc_ode.cc
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Embedding MTT models in Simulink"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC172" id="SEC172"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC173">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>10.4.4 Embedding MTT models in Simulink</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC172::-->
    <p>
      It is possible to embed <strong>MTT</strong> functions or entire
      <strong>MTT</strong> models within Simulink simulations as Sfun blocks. If
      the zip package is installed on the system, the command
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  mtt sys sfun zip
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      will create a compressed archive containing sys.mdl, which may be embedded
      into a larger Simulink model. Also contained within the archive will be
      four sys_sfun*.c files,
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>sys_sfun.c model state and output equations</li>
      <li>sys_sfun_ae.c model algebraic equations</li>
      <li>sys_sfun_input.c model inputs</li>
      <li>sys_sfun_interface.c interface between MTT model and Simulink</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      The last of these files must be edited to correctly map the inputs and
      outputs between the <strong>MTT</strong> and Simulink models. The two
      sections to edit are clearly marked with
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>  <CODE>/* Start EDIT */</CODE>
  <CODE>....</CODE>
  <CODE>/* End EDIT */</CODE>
</PRE>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      These four files should then be compiled with the Matlab "mex" compiler as
      described in the <em>README</em> file in the archive.
    </p>
    <p>
      If it is desired to compile the .mex files directly from within
      <strong>MTT</strong> on a machine which has the Matlab header files
      installed, this may be done with the command
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
  mtt sys sfun mexglx
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      which will generated the four .mex files and the .mdl file. In this case,
      the user must ensure that <em>sys_sfun_interface.c</em> has been correctly
      edited prior to compilation.
    </p>
    <p>
      Note that solution of algebraic equations within Simulink is not possible
      unless the <em>Matlab Optimisation Toolbox</em> is installed.
    </p>
    <p><a name="LaTeX" id="LaTeX"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC173" id="SEC173"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>10.5 LaTeX</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC173::-->
    <p>
      LaTeX is a powerful text processor which <strong>MTT</strong> uses to
      provide visual output.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Administration" id="Administration"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC174" id="SEC174"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC173">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC175">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC164">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>11. Administration</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC174::-->
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC175">11.1 Software components</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC176">11.2 REDUCE setup</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">11.3 Octave setup</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">11.4 Paths</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC186">11.5 File structure</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC188">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC190">A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Software components"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC175" id="SEC175"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC176">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>11.1 Software components</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC175::-->
    <p>
      <strong>MTT</strong> is built from a set of readily-available software
      tools. These are:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>General purpose software tools.</li>
      <li>
        Octave (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">11.3 Octave setup</a>)
      </li>
      <li>
        REDUCE (see section <a href="mtt.html#SEC176">11.2 REDUCE setup</a>)
      </li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      The General purpose tools are (these will all be available with a standard
      Linux distribution):
    </p>
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX541" id="IDX541"></a> <code>sh</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX542" id="IDX542"></a> Bourne shell</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX543" id="IDX543"></a> <code>gmake</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX544" id="IDX544"></a> Gnu make</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX545" id="IDX545"></a> <code>gawk</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX546" id="IDX546"></a> Gnu awk</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX547" id="IDX547"></a> <code>sed</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX548" id="IDX548"></a> Gnu sed</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX549" id="IDX549"></a> <code>grep</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX550" id="IDX550"></a> Gnu grep</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX551" id="IDX551"></a> <code>comm</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX552" id="IDX552"></a> Gnu Compare sorted files by line
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX553" id="IDX553"></a> <code>xfig</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX554" id="IDX554"></a> Figure editor, version 3 or greater.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX555" id="IDX555"></a> <code>fig2dev</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX556" id="IDX556"></a> Fig file conversion, version 3 or
        greater.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX557" id="IDX557"></a> <code>ghostview</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX558" id="IDX558"></a> postscript viewer</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX559" id="IDX559"></a> <code>xdvi</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX560" id="IDX560"></a> dvi viewer</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX561" id="IDX561"></a> <code>dvips</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX562" id="IDX562"></a> dvi to postscript conversion</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX563" id="IDX563"></a> <code>latex</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX564" id="IDX564"></a> the text processor (LaTeX2e needed)
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX565" id="IDX565"></a> <code>latex2html</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX566" id="IDX566"></a> converts latex to html</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX567" id="IDX567"></a> <code>perl</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX568" id="IDX568"></a> needed for latex2html</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX569" id="IDX569"></a> <code>gnuplot</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX570" id="IDX570"></a> a graph plotting program</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX571" id="IDX571"></a> <code>gnuscape</code></dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX572" id="IDX572"></a> or other web/html browser such as
        netscape, Red Baron etc.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX573" id="IDX573"></a> <code>gcc</code></dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX574" id="IDX574"></a> GNU c compiler</dd>
    </dl>
    <p>
      &lt;A HREF="http://home.pages.de/~GNU/"&gt;GNU&lt;/A&gt; documentation.
    </p>
    <p><a name="REDUCE setup"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC176" id="SEC176"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC175">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>11.2 REDUCE setup</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC176::-->
    <p>
      Symbolic algebra is performed by REDUCE, which although not free software
      is the the result of international collaboration. The version I use is
      obtained from:
    </p>
    <blockquote>ZIB ( http://www.zib.de )</blockquote>
    &lt;A HREF="http://www.rrz.uni-koeln.de/REDUCE/"&gt;REDUCE&lt;/A&gt;
    documentation. &lt;A HREF="http://www.zib.de"&gt;ZIB&lt;/A&gt;
    documentation.
    <p><a name="Octave setup"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC177" id="SEC177"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC176">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC178">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>11.3 Octave setup</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC177::-->
    <p>
      Octave is available at various web sites including:
      <a href="http://www.octave.org">http://www.octave.org</a>
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC178">11.3.1 .octaverc</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC179">11.3.2 .oct file dependencies</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name=".octaverc" id=".octaverc"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC178" id="SEC178"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC179">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.3.1 .octaverc</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC178::-->
    <p>The `<tt>.octaverc</tt>' file should contain the following lines:</p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Startup file for Octave for use with MTT
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

implicit_str_to_num_ok = 1;
empty_list_elements_ok = 1;

</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name=".oct file dependencies"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC179" id="SEC179"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC178">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC177">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.3.2 .oct file dependencies</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC179::-->
    Successful compilation of .oct code requires that Octave has been configured
    to use dynamically linked libraries and that the Octave libraries
    <code>liboctave</code>, <code>libcruft</code> and
    <code>liboctinterp</code> are available on the system.
    <p>
      This can be acheived by compiling Octave from the source code, configured
      with the options <code>--enable-shared</code> and
      <code>--enable-dl</code>.
    </p>
    <p>
      A number of additional libraries and headers are also required to be
      installed on a system. These include,
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li><em>ncurses</em> and <em>readline</em> terminal control routines</li>
      <li>
        <em>blas</em> or <em>altas</em> basic linear algebra subprograms,
        usually optimised for the specific processor
      </li>
      <li><em>fftw</em> fast Fourier transform routines</li>
      <li><em>g2c</em> GNU Fortran to C conversion routines</li>
      <li><em>kpathsea</em> TeX path search routines</li>
    </ul>
    <p>
      Note that on many GNU/Linux distributions, the necessary headers are
      contained in development packages which must be installed in addition to
      the standard library package.
    </p>
    <p>
      Further information on configuring and installing Octave to handle dynamic
      libraries (DLDs) can be found in the
      <a href="http://www.octave.org/docs.html">Octave documentation</a>.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Paths" id="Paths"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC180" id="SEC180"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC179">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC181">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>11.4 Paths</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC180::-->
    <p>
      There are a number of paths that must be set correctely for
      <strong>MTT</strong> to work. These are normally set up by sourcing the
      file <code>mttrc</code> that lives in the <strong>MTT</strong> home
      directory.
    </p>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC181">11.4.1 $MTTPATH</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC182">11.4.2 $MTT_COMPONENTS</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC183">11.4.3 $MTT_CRS</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC184">11.4.4 $MTT_EXAMPLES</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="left" valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC185">11.4.5 $OCTAVE_PATH</a>
        </td>
        <td></td>
        <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="$MTTPATH" id="$MTTPATH"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC181" id="SEC181"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC182">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.4.1 $MTTPATH</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC181::-->
    The environment variable $MTTPATH points to the mtt home directory. This is
    usually <code>/usr/local/lib/mtt</code>.
    <p><a name="$MTT_COMPONENTS" id="$MTT_COMPONENTS"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC182" id="SEC182"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC181">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC183">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.4.2 $MTT_COMPONENTS</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC182::-->
    The environment variable $MTT_COMPONENTS is a colon-separated path pointing
    to directories containing components and subsystems. By default
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
MTT_COMPONENTS=.:$MTT_LIB/lib/comp/
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    but you may wish to add your own component libraries:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
MTT_COMPONENTS=my_library_path:$MTT_COMPONENTS
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="$MTT_CRS" id="$MTT_CRS"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC183" id="SEC183"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC182">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC184">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.4.3 $MTT_CRS</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC183::-->
    The environment variable $MTT_CRS is a colon-separated path pointing to
    directories containing constitutive relationships. By default
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
MTT_CRS=$MTTPATH/lib/cr
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    but you may wish to add your own component libraries:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
MTT_CRS=my_cr_path:$MTT_CRS
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="$MTT_EXAMPLES" id="$MTT_EXAMPLES"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC184" id="SEC184"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC183">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC185">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.4.4 $MTT_EXAMPLES</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC184::-->
    The environment variable $MTT_EXAMPLES is a colon-separated path pointing to
    directories containing EXAMPLES and subsystems. By default
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
MTT_EXAMPLES=$MTTPATH/lib/examples
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    but you may wish to add your own component libraries:
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
MTT_EXAMPLES=my_examples_path:$MTT_EXAMPLES
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="$OCTAVE_PATH" id="$OCTAVE_PATH"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC185" id="SEC185"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC184">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC186">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC180">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>11.4.5 $OCTAVE_PATH</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC185::-->
    <p>
      The <code>$OCTAVE_PATH</code> path must include the relevant paths for mtt
      to work properly. In particular, it must include:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>
$MTTPATH/trans/m
$MTTPATH/lib/comp/simple
$MTTPATH/lib/comp/compound
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="File structure"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC186" id="SEC186"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC185">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>11.5 File structure</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC186::-->
    The recommended installation of <strong>MTT</strong> uses the following
    directory structure with corresponding contents. Normally, each of the
    listed directories is a subdirectory of `<tt>/usr/local</tt>'. The directory
    <code>mtt</code> is pointed to by $MTTPATH (see section
    <a href="mtt.html#SEC181">11.4.1 $MTTPATH</a>).
    <dl compact>
      <dt><a name="IDX575" id="IDX575"></a> `<tt>mtt/bin</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX576" id="IDX576"></a> This is the home directory for
        <strong>MTT</strong>. <strong>MTT</strong> itself lives here along with
        `<tt>mttrc</tt>'.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX577" id="IDX577"></a> `<tt>mtt/bin/trans</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX578" id="IDX578"></a> The transformations executed by
        <strong>MTT</strong>.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX579" id="IDX579"></a> `<tt>mtt/bin/trans/m</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX580" id="IDX580"></a> The <code>m-files</code> associated
        with the transformations.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX581" id="IDX581"></a> `<tt>mtt/bin/trans/awk</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX582" id="IDX582"></a> The <code>awk</code> scripts
        associated with the transformations.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX583" id="IDX583"></a> `<tt>mtt/lib</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX584" id="IDX584"></a> The place for components, examples and
        CRs which will be updated.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX585" id="IDX585"></a> `<tt>mtt/lib/comp/simple</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX586" id="IDX586"></a> <a name="IDX587" id="IDX587"></a> The
        <code>m-files</code> defining the simple components.
        <a name="IDX588" id="IDX588"></a>
      </dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX589" id="IDX589"></a> `<tt>mtt/lib/comp/compound</tt>'
      </dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX590" id="IDX590"></a> The <code>m-files</code> defining the
        compound components.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX591" id="IDX591"></a> `<tt>mtt/lib/cr/r</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX592" id="IDX592"></a> constitutive relationship definitions
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX593" id="IDX593"></a> `<tt>mtt/lib/examples</tt>'</dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX594" id="IDX594"></a> Some examples.</dd>
      <dt>
        <a name="IDX595" id="IDX595"></a> `<tt>mtt/examples/metamodelling</tt>'
      </dt>
      <dd><a name="IDX596" id="IDX596"></a> Examples from the book.</dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX597" id="IDX597"></a> `<tt>mtt/doc</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX598" id="IDX598"></a> The documentation files for
        <strong>MTT</strong>.
      </dd>
      <dt><a name="IDX599" id="IDX599"></a> `<tt>mtt/doc/Examples</tt>'</dt>
      <dd>
        <a name="IDX600" id="IDX600"></a> Examples used in the documentation.
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC187" id="SEC187"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC186">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC188">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC188">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>A. Legal stuff</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC187::-->
    <a name="GNU Free Documentation License"></a>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC188" id="SEC188"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC189">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC190">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC188::-->
    <p><a name="IDX601" id="IDX601"></a></p>
    <div class="c1">Version 1.2, November 2002</div>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="display">
          <pre class="c2">
Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <ol>
      <li>
        PREAMBLE
        <p>
          The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
          functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom:
          to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
          with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
          Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
          to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
          for modifications made by others.
        </p>
        <p>
          This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
          works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
          complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
          license designed for free software.
        </p>
        <p>
          We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
          software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
          program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
          software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
          can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
          whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
          principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
        <p>
          This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
          contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
          distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
          world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
          work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers
          to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
          and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify
          or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright
          law.
        </p>
        <p>
          A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
          Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
          modifications and/or translated into another language.
        </p>
        <p>
          A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
          the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
          publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
          subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
          directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
          part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
          any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
          connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
          commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
          them.
        </p>
        <p>
          The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
          are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
          that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
          section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
          allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
          Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
          Sections then there are none.
        </p>
        <p>
          The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
          as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
          the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be
          at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
        </p>
        <p>
          A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
          represented in a format whose specification is available to the
          general public, that is suitable for revising the document
          straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
          pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
          drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
          for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
          to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
          format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
          or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
          An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
          of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
        </p>
        <p>
          Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
          ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
          <span class="c3">SGML</span> or <span class="c3">XML</span> using a
          publicly available <span class="c3">DTD</span>, and
          standard-conforming simple <span class="c3">HTML</span>, PostScript or
          <span class="c3">PDF</span> designed for human modification. Examples
          of transparent image formats include <span class="c3">PNG</span>,
          <span class="c3">XCF</span> and <span class="c3">JPG</span>. Opaque
          formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
          by proprietary word processors, <span class="c3">SGML</span> or
          <span class="c3">XML</span> for which the
          <span class="c3">DTD</span> and/or processing tools are not generally
          available, and the machine-generated <span class="c3">HTML</span>,
          PostScript or <span class="c3">PDF</span> produced by some word
          processors for output purposes only.
        </p>
        <p>
          The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
          plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
          this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
          formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
          the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
          preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
        </p>
        <p>
          A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
          title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
          text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
          specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
          "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
          of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
          section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
        </p>
        <p>
          The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
          states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
          Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
          License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
          implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
          no effect on the meaning of this License.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        VERBATIM COPYING
        <p>
          You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
          commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
          copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
          to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
          other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
          technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
          copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
          compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
          number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
        </p>
        <p>
          You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
          you may publicly display copies.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        COPYING IN QUANTITY
        <p>
          If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
          printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
          Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
          copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
          Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
          the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you
          as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the
          full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible.
          You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with
          changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
          the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
          copying in other respects.
        </p>
        <p>
          If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
          legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
          reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
          pages.
        </p>
        <p>
          If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
          more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
          copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
          a computer-network location from which the general network-using
          public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
          a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
          If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
          when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
          that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
          location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
          Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
          edition to the public.
        </p>
        <p>
          It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
          Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
          give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
          Document.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        MODIFICATIONS
        <p>
          You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
          the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
          the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
          Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
          and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
          of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
        </p>
        <ol>
          <li>
            Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
            from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
            (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
            of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
            if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
          </li>
          <li>
            List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
            responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
            Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
            Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
            unless they release you from this requirement.
          </li>
          <li>
            State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
            Version, as the publisher.
          </li>
          <li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</li>
          <li>
            Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
            to the other copyright notices.
          </li>
          <li>
            Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
            giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
            terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
          </li>
          <li>
            Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
            and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
          </li>
          <li>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</li>
          <li>
            Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
            to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
            publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
            there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
            stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
            given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
            Version as stated in the previous sentence.
          </li>
          <li>
            Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
            public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
            the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it
            was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may
            omit a network location for a work that was published at least four
            years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of
            the version it refers to gives permission.
          </li>
          <li>
            For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
            Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
            the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
            and/or dedications given therein.
          </li>
          <li>
            Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
            their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
            are not considered part of the section titles.
          </li>
          <li>
            Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not
            be included in the Modified Version.
          </li>
          <li>
            Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or
            to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
          </li>
          <li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</li>
        </ol>
        <p>
          If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
          appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
          copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
          of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
          list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
          These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
        </p>
        <p>
          You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
          nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
          parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
          been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
          standard.
        </p>
        <p>
          You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
          passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
          of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
          Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
          through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
          includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
          by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
          you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
          permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
        </p>
        <p>
          The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
          give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
          imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        COMBINING DOCUMENTS
        <p>
          You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
          License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
          versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
          Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
          list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
          license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
        </p>
        <p>
          The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
          multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
          copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
          different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
          adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
          author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
          Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
          Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
        </p>
        <p>
          In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
          in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
          "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
          and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
          Entitled "Endorsements."
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
        <p>
          You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
          documents released under this License, and replace the individual
          copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
          that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
          of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
          other respects.
        </p>
        <p>
          You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
          distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
          copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
          License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
          document.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
        <p>
          A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
          and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
          distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
          resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
          of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
          When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
          apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
          derivative works of the Document.
        </p>
        <p>
          If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
          copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
          the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
          covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
          electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
          Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
          aggregate.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        TRANSLATION
        <p>
          Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
          distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
          Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
          permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
          translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
          original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
          translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
          Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
          the original English version of this License and the original versions
          of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
          the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
          or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
        </p>
        <p>
          If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
          "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
          its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
          title.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        TERMINATION
        <p>
          You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
          except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
          to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and
          will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
          parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
          License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
          parties remain in full compliance.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
        <p>
          The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
          GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
          will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
          detail to address new problems or concerns. See
          <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a
          >.
        </p>
        <p>
          Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
          If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
          License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
          following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
          of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
          Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
          number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
          as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
        </p>
      </li>
    </ol>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC189" id="SEC189"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC188">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC190">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC190">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC189::-->
    <p>
      To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
      License in the document and put the following copyright and license
      notices just after the title page:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="smallexample">
          <pre
            class="c4"
          >  Copyright (C)  <VAR>year</VAR>  <VAR>your name</VAR>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.
</PRE>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
      replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="smallexample">
          <pre
            class="c4"
          >    with the Invariant Sections being <VAR>list their titles</VAR>, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being <VAR>list</VAR>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being <VAR>list</VAR>.
</PRE>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
      combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
      situation.
    </p>
    <p>
      If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
      recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
      software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
      use in free software.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Copying" id="Copying"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC190" id="SEC190"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC189">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC191">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC191">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</h2>
    <!--docid::SEC190::-->
    <div class="c1">Version 2, June 1991</div>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="display">
          <pre class="c2">
Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC191" id="SEC191"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC190">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC192">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC192">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>A.2.1 Preamble</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC191::-->
    <p>
      The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
      share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
      intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
      make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public
      License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to
      any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
      Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public
      License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
    </p>
    <p>
      When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.
      Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the
      freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service
      if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
      that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs;
      and that you know you can do these things.
    </p>
    <p>
      To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to
      deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These
      restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
      distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
    </p>
    <p>
      For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or
      for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You
      must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you
      must show them these terms so they know their rights.
    </p>
    <p>
      We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2)
      offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
      distribute and/or modify the software.
    </p>
    <p>
      Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
      everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If
      the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
      recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any
      problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'
      reputations.
    </p>
    <p>
      Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We
      wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will
      individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
      proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must
      be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
    </p>
    <p>
      The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
      modification follow.
    </p>
    <div class="c1">
      TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
    </div>
    <ol>
      <li>
        This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
        notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under
        the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers
        to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means
        either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is
        to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either
        verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
        (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term
        "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
        <p>
          Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
          covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
          running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
          is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
          (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that
          is true depends on what the Program does.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code
        as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
        appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
        disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
        License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
        recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
        <p>
          You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
          you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
          fee.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it,
        thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such
        modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
        you also meet all of these conditions:
        <ol>
          <li>
            You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
            that you changed the files and the date of any change.
          </li>
          <li>
            You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
            whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part
            thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties
            under the terms of this License.
          </li>
          <li>
            If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
            run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive
            use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement
            including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is
            no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that
            users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and
            telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if
            the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such
            an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to
            print an announcement.)
          </li>
        </ol>
        <p>
          These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
          identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
          and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
          themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
          sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
          distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
          on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
          this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
          entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
          it.
        </p>
        <p>
          Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
          your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
          exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
          collective works based on the Program.
        </p>
        <p>
          In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
          with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
          a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
          the scope of this License.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
        Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections
        1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
        <ol>
          <li>
            Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
            code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
            above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
          </li>
          <li>
            Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years,
            to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of
            physically performing source distribution, a complete
            machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
            distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
            customarily used for software interchange; or,
          </li>
          <li>
            Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
            distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed
            only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the
            program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in
            accord with Subsection b above.)
          </li>
        </ol>
        <p>
          The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
          making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
          code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
          associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
          control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
          special exception, the source code distributed need not include
          anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
          form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
          operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
          itself accompanies the executable.
        </p>
        <p>
          If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
          access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
          access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
          distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
          compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except
        as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
        modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
        automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
        who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will
        not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
        full compliance.
      </li>
      <li>
        You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
        it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute
        the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law
        if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or
        distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you
        indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and
        conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works
        based on it.
      </li>
      <li>
        Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
        Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
        original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
        these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions
        on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not
        responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
      </li>
      <li>
        If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
        infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
        conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
        otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
        excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute
        so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and
        any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not
        distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would
        not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
        receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
        could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from
        distribution of the Program.
        <p>
          If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
          any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
          apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
          circumstances.
        </p>
        <p>
          It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
          patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
          such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
          integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
          implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
          generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
          through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
          system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
          to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
          impose that choice.
        </p>
        <p>
          This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
          be a consequence of the rest of this License.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain
        countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
        copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an
        explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
        so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
        excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
        written in the body of this License.
      </li>
      <li>
        The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
        the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be
        similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
        address new problems or concerns.
        <p>
          Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
          specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
          "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and
          conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
          the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a
          version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
          published by the Free Software Foundation.
        </p>
      </li>
      <li>
        If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs
        whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask
        for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
        Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make
        exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of
        preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
        of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
        <div class="c1">NO WARRANTY</div>
      </li>
      <li>
        BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR
        THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
        OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
        PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
        EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
        WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
        ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
        YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
        NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
      </li>
      <li>
        IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
        WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
        REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
        DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
        DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
        (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
        INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF
        THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
        OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
      </li>
    </ol>
    <div class="c1">END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</div>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC192" id="SEC192"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC191">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC193">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC187">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC193">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h3>A.2.2 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>
    <!--docid::SEC192::-->
    <p>
      If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
      possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
      free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
      terms.
    </p>
    <p>
      To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
      attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
      the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
      "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="smallexample">
          <pre
            class="c4"
          ><VAR>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</VAR>
Copyright (C) <VAR>yyyy</VAR>  <VAR>name of author</VAR>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
</PRE>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
    </p>
    <p>
      If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
      when it starts in an interactive mode:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="smallexample">
          <pre
            class="c4"
          >Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19<VAR>yy</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR>
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
</PRE>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      The hypothetical commands `<samp>show w</samp>' and `<samp>show c</samp>'
      should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of
      course, the commands you use may be called something other than `<samp
        >show w</samp
      >' and `<samp>show c</samp>'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu
      items--whatever suits your program.
    </p>
    <p>
      You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
      school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
      necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
    </p>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td class="example">
          <pre>Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

<VAR>signature of Ty Coon</VAR>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
</PRE>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
      into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
      may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications
      with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library
      General Public License instead of this License.
    </p>
    <p><a name="Glossary" id="Glossary"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC193" id="SEC193"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC192">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC194">&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC192">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC194">&gt;&gt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>Glossary</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC193::-->
    <table>
      <tr>
        <th valign="top">Jump to:</th>
        <td>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_'" class="c5">'</a><br />
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_A" class="c5">A</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_B" class="c5">B</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_C" class="c5">C</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_D" class="c5">D</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_E" class="c5">E</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_F" class="c5">F</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_G" class="c5">G</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_I" class="c5">I</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_L" class="c5">L</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_M" class="c5">M</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_N" class="c5">N</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_O" class="c5">O</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_P" class="c5">P</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_R" class="c5">R</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_S" class="c5">S</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_T" class="c5">T</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0">
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <th align="left">Index Entry</th>
        <th align="left">Section</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_'" id="fn_'"></a>'</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX129"><code>'name1:name2'</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX130"><code>'name1:name2'</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX127"><code>'name1;name2;..;namen'</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX128"><code>'name1;name2;..;namen'</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_A" id="fn_A"></a>A</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX137"><code>abg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX138"><code>abg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX283"><code>AE</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX284"><code>AE</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX285"><code>AF</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX286"><code>AF</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX257"><code>artwork</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX258"><code>artwork</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX393"><code>assignment statements</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX394"><code>assignment statements</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_B" id="fn_B"></a>B</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX251"><code>bonds</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX252"><code>bonds</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_C" id="fn_C"></a>C</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX273"><code>C</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX111"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX274"><code>C</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX112"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX391"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX392"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX497"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX498"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX537"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX538"><code>c</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX139"><code>cbg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX140"><code>cbg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX113"><code>cc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX114"><code>cc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX397"
            ><code>commented assignment statements</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX398"
            ><code>commented assignment statements</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX395"><code>comments</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX396"><code>comments</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX255"><code>components</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX256"><code>components</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX141"><code>cr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX142"><code>cr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX97"><code>cse</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX98"><code>cse</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX143"><code>cse</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX144"><code>cse</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX145"><code>csm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX146"><code>csm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX287"><code>CSW</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX288"><code>CSW</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_D" id="fn_D"></a>D</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX147"><code>dae</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX148"><code>dae</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX149"><code>daes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX150"><code>daes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX151"><code>daeso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX152"><code>daeso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX153"><code>def</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX154"><code>def</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX155"><code>desc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX156"><code>desc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX157"><code>dm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX158"><code>dm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX531"><code>dvi</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX532"><code>dvi</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_E" id="fn_E"></a>E</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX159"><code>ese</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX160"><code>ese</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC110"><code>exotherm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC110">6.8.1.2 exotherm</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_F" id="fn_F"></a>F</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX523"><code>fig</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX524"><code>fig</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX161"><code>fr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX162"><code>fr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_G" id="fn_G"></a>G</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX535"><code>gdat</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX536"><code>gdat</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX281"><code>GY</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX282"><code>GY</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_I" id="fn_I"></a>I</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX275"><code>I</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX276"><code>I</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX163"><code>input</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX164"><code>input</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX101"><code>ir</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX102"><code>ir</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX165"><code>ir</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX166"><code>ir</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX103"><code>iro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX104"><code>iro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX167"><code>iro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX168"><code>iro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX289"><code>ISW</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX290"><code>ISW</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_L" id="fn_L"></a>L</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX169"><code>lbl</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX170"><code>lbl</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC109"><code>lin</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC109">6.8.1.1 lin</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX171"><code>lmfr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX172"><code>lmfr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX173"><code>lpfr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX174"><code>lpfr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_M" id="fn_M"></a>M</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX109"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX110"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX389"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX390"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX489"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX490"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX525"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX526"><code>m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX85"
            ><code>mtt &amp;lt;system&amp;gt; clean</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX86"
            ><code>mtt &amp;lt;system&amp;gt; clean</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX121"
            ><code>mtt -c -i euler system odeso view</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX122"
            ><code>mtt -c -i euler system odeso view</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX119"><code>mtt -c system odeso view</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX120"><code>mtt -c system odeso view</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX87"><code>mtt clean</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX88"><code>mtt clean</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX81"
            ><code>mtt copy &amp;lt;system&amp;gt;</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX82"
            ><code>mtt copy &amp;lt;system&amp;gt;</code></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX79"><code>mtt help</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX80"><code>mtt help</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX83"
            ><code
              >mtt rename &amp;lt;old_name&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;new_name&amp;gt;</code
            ></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX84"
            ><code
              >mtt rename &amp;lt;old_name&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;new_name&amp;gt;</code
            ></a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX115"><code>mtt system iro view</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX116"><code>mtt system iro view</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX89"><code>mtt system representation vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX90"><code>mtt system representation vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX93"><code>mtt system representation vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX94"><code>mtt system representation vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX117"><code>mtt system sro view</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX118"><code>mtt system sro view</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX91"><code>mtt system vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX92"><code>mtt system vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX95"><code>mtt system vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX96"><code>mtt system vc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_N" id="fn_N"></a>N</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX291"><code>NAME_cause.m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX292"><code>NAME_cause.m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX293"><code>NAME_eqn.m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX294"><code>NAME_eqn.m</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX175"><code>nifr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX176"><code>nifr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX177"><code>numpar</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX178"><code>numpar</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX179"><code>nyfr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX180"><code>nyfr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_O" id="fn_O"></a>O</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX181"><code>obs</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX182"><code>obs</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX99"><code>ode</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX100"><code>ode</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX183"><code>ode</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX184"><code>ode</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX123"><code>odes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX124"><code>odes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX185"><code>odes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX186"><code>odes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX187"><code>odes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX188"><code>odes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX125"><code>odeso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX126"><code>odeso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX189"><code>odeso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX190"><code>odeso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX191"><code>odess</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX192"><code>odess</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX193"><code>odesso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX194"><code>odesso</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_P" id="fn_P"></a>P</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX495"><code>ps</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX496"><code>ps</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX533"><code>ps</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX534"><code>ps</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_R" id="fn_R"></a>R</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX271"><code>R</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX491"><code>r</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX272"><code>R</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX492"><code>r</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX527"><code>r</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX528"><code>r</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX195"><code>rbg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX196"><code>rbg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX197"><code>rep</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX198"><code>rep</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX199"><code>rfe</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX200"><code>rfe</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_S" id="fn_S"></a>S</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX201"><code>sabg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX202"><code>sabg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX131"><code>scse</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX132"><code>scse</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX135"><code>scsm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX136"><code>scsm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX539"><code>sg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX540"><code>sg</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX203"><code>simp</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX204"><code>simp</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX133"><code>sm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX134"><code>sm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX205"><code>sm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX206"><code>sm</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX209"><code>sms</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX210"><code>sms</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX211"><code>smss</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX212"><code>smss</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX207"><code>smx</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX208"><code>smx</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX105"><code>sr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX106"><code>sr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX213"><code>sr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX214"><code>sr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX107"><code>sro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX108"><code>sro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX215"><code>sro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX216"><code>sro</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX277"><code>SS</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX217"><code>ss</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX218"><code>ss</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX278"><code>SS</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX219"><code>sspar</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX220"><code>sspar</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX253"><code>strokes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX254"><code>strokes</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX221"><code>struc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX222"><code>struc</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX223"><code>sub</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX224"><code>sub</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX225"><code>sub</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX226"><code>sub</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX227"><code>sympar</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX228"><code>sympar</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="fn_T" id="fn_T"></a>T</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX493"><code>tex</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX494"><code>tex</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX529"><code>tex</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX530"><code>tex</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX279"><code>TF</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX229"><code>tf</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX280"><code>TF</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX230"><code>tf</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX387"><code>txt</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX388"><code>txt</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX259"><code>type</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX260"><code>type</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX267"><code>type*n</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX268"><code>type*n</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX261"><code>type:label</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX262"><code>type:label</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX269"><code>type:label*n</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX270"><code>type:label*n</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX263"><code>type:label:cr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX264"><code>type:label:cr</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX265"><code>type:label:expression</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX266"><code>type:label:expression</code></a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <th valign="top">Jump to:</th>
        <td>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_'" class="c5">'</a><br />
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_A" class="c5">A</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_B" class="c5">B</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_C" class="c5">C</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_D" class="c5">D</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_E" class="c5">E</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_F" class="c5">F</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_G" class="c5">G</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_I" class="c5">I</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_L" class="c5">L</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_M" class="c5">M</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_N" class="c5">N</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_O" class="c5">O</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_P" class="c5">P</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_R" class="c5">R</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_S" class="c5">S</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#fn_T" class="c5">T</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p><a name="Index" id="Index"></a></p>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC194" id="SEC194"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC193">&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ &gt; ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC193">&lt;&lt;</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Up</a> ]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">[ &gt;&gt; ]</td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left"></td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>Index</h1>
    <!--docid::SEC194::-->
    <table>
      <tr>
        <th valign="top">Jump to:</th>
        <td>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_%3C" class="c5">&lt;</a><br />
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_A" class="c5">A</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_B" class="c5">B</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_C" class="c5">C</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_D" class="c5">D</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_E" class="c5">E</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_F" class="c5">F</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_G" class="c5">G</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_H" class="c5">H</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_I" class="c5">I</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_L" class="c5">L</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_M" class="c5">M</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_N" class="c5">N</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_O" class="c5">O</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_P" class="c5">P</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_Q" class="c5">Q</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_R" class="c5">R</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_S" class="c5">S</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_T" class="c5">T</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_U" class="c5">U</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_V" class="c5">V</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_X" class="c5">X</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="0">
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <th align="left">Index Entry</th>
        <th align="left">Section</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_&lt;" id="cp_&lt;"></a>&lt;</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC24">&lt;name&gt;</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC24">2.4.1.5 help &lt;name&gt;</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_A" id="cp_A"></a>A</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC55">6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC174">Administration</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC174">11. Administration</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC12">Algebraic loops</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC12">1.7 Algebraic loops</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC17">alias options</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC17">2.3 Options</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC92">aliases</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">Arrow-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC76">6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC71">artwork</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC71">6.4.1.15 Artwork</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_B" id="cp_B"></a>B</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX5">Bond graphs, what are they?</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC4">1.3 What is a bond graph?</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC6">Bonds</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC6">1.5 Bonds</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC58">bonds</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC75">bonds</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC157">Brief documentation</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC157">8.2.1 Brief on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC19">browser</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC19">2.4.1 Help</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_C" id="cp_C"></a>C</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC163">c</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC163">9.4 c</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">Causal bond graph (cbg)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC120">6.10 Causal bond graph (cbg)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC122">cbonds</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC26">Clean</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC26">2.4.3 Clean</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">Coerced bond direction</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC66">6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">Command line interface</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC16">2.2 Command line interface</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC153">component</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">7.3 Component library</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC96">component aliases</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC96">6.6.9.4 Component aliases</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC88">Component arguments</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC88">6.6.5 Component arguments</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">Component constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC87">6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC153">Component library</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">7.3 Component library</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC153">Component library</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC153">7.3 Component library</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC86">Component names</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC86">6.6.3 Component names</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">Component-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC77">6.4.3.2 Component-orientated causality</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC7">Components</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC7">1.6 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC21">components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC21">2.4.1.2 help components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC156">Components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">8.2 On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">components</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC60">6.4.1.4 Components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC75">components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#IDX588">compound components</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC186">11.5 File structure</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC64">Compound components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">Constitutive Relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC9">1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">Constitutive relationship</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC107">6.8 Constitutive relationship (cr)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">Constrained-state Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">Constrained-state Equations (reduce)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">6.13.1 Language reduce (cse.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">Constrained-state Equations (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">6.13.2 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC169">control systems</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC25">Copy</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC25">2.4.2 Copy</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC95">CR aliases</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC95">6.6.9.3 CR aliases</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">Creating complex models</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC31">3.3 Creating complex models</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">Creating GNU Octave .oct files</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC170">10.4.2 Creating GNU Octave .oct files</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">Creating Matlab .mex files</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC171">10.4.3 Creating Matlab .mex files</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC28">Creating Models</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC28">3. Creating Models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">Creating simple models</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC30">3.2 Creating simple models</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC23">crs</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC23">2.4.1.4 help crs</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC132">cse.r</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC132">6.13.1 Language reduce (cse.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_D" id="cp_D"></a>D</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC126">DAE</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC126"
            >6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC129">dae.m</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">6.12.2 Language m (dae.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC127">dae.r</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">6.12.1 Language reduce (dae.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC125">def.r</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Defining representations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">Defining representations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC53">6.2 Defining representations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC158">desc</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC158">Description</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC141">Descriptor matrices</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">Descriptor matrices (m)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">6.15.2 Language m (dm.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">Descriptor matrices (reduce)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">6.15.1 Language reduce (dm.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">Detailed documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC158">8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC126">Differential-Algebraic Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC126"
            >6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">Differential-Algebraic Equations (m)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC129">6.12.2 Language m (dae.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC127"
            >Differential-Algebraic Equations (reduce)</a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC127">6.12.1 Language reduce (dae.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">DIY constitutive relationships</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC111">6.8.2 DIY constitutive relationships</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC149">DIY representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">7.2 New (DIY) representations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC150">DIY representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC151">DIY representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC151">7.2.2 Shell-script</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC152">DIY representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC152">7.2.3 Documentation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC141">dm</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC141">6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC143">dm.m</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC143">6.15.2 Language m (dm.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC142">dm.r</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC142">6.15.1 Language reduce (dm.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC152">Documentation</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC152">7.2.3 Documentation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC154">Documentation</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC154">8. Documentation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC156">Documentation</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">8.2 On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_E" id="cp_E"></a>E</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">Elementary system equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC124">6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">Embedding MTT models in Simulink</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC172">10.4.4 Embedding MTT models in Simulink</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC38">Euler integration</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC38">4.2.1 Euler integration</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC156">Examples</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">8.2 On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC22">examples</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC22">2.4.1.3 help examples</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC147">Extending MTT</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC147">7. Extending MTT</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_F" id="cp_F"></a>F</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX601">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC188">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC160">Fig</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC160">9.1 Fig</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC186">File structure</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC186">11.5 File structure</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_G" id="cp_G"></a>G</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC48">gnuplot</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC48">4.7.1 Viewing results with gnuplot</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_H" id="cp_H"></a>H</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC20">help</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">2.4.1.1 help representations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC19">Help</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC19">2.4.1 Help</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC21">help</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC21">2.4.1.2 help components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC22">help</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC22">2.4.1.3 help examples</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC23">help</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC23">2.4.1.4 help crs</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC24">help</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC24">2.4.1.5 help &lt;name&gt;</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC13">Hybrid systems</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC13">1.8 Switched systems</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_I" id="cp_I"></a>I</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC91">ICD (label file directive)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC91">6.6.8 Interface Control Definition</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC57">Icon</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC57">6.4.1.1 Icon library</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC39">Implicit integration</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC39">4.2.2 Implicit integration</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_L" id="cp_L"></a>L</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC83">Labels</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC56">6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC121">Language fig (cbg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC121">6.10.1 Language fig (cbg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC81">Language fig (sabg.fig)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC81">6.5.1 Language fig (sabg.fig)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC75">Language m (abg.m)</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC122">Language m (cbg.m)</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC82">Language m (view)</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">6.5.2 Stripped acausal bond graph (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">Language tex (abg.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC79">6.4.4 Language tex (abg.tex)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">Language tex (desc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC102">6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC105">Language tex (struc.tex)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC105">6.7.2 Language tex (struc.tex)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC164">Language tools</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC164">10. Language tools</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC104">Language txt (struc.txt)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC104">6.7.1 Language txt (struc.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">Languages</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC159">9. Languages</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC173">LaTeX</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC173">10.5 LaTeX</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC83">lbl</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC98">lbl</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC57">library</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC57">6.4.1.1 Icon library</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC13">logic</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC13">1.8 Switched systems</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_M" id="cp_M"></a>M</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC161">m</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC161">9.2 m</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">m-files</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC147">Make</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC147">7. Extending MTT</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC150">Makefile</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC148">Makefiles</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC148">7.1 Makefiles</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC155">Manual</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC155">8.1 Manual</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Matlab</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC15">Menu-driven interface</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC15">2.1 Menu-driven interface</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#IDX1">MTT, purpose of</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC1">1. Introduction</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">mtt.m</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC169">mtt2sys</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC180">mttrc</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC180">11.4 Paths</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_N" id="cp_N"></a>N</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC75">n_ports</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC75">6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC64">Named SS</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC64">6.4.1.8 Compound components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC65">Named SS components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC65">6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC149">New representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC149">7.2 New (DIY) representations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC150">New representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC151">New representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC151">7.2.2 Shell-script</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC152">New representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC152">7.2.3 Documentation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC11">Numeric parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC11">1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC118">Numeric parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC118">6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC119">Numeric parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC119">6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_O" id="cp_O"></a>O</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC169">OCST</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Octave</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC169">Octave</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">Octave interface</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC168">10.4 Octave</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC177">Octave setup</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC177">11.3 Octave setup</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC131">ODE</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC131">6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC135">ODE</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC138">ode.m</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">6.14.2 Language m (ode.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC136">ode.r</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">6.14.1 Language reduce (ode.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC98">Old-style labels</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC98">6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC156">8.2 On-line documentation</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC17">options</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC17">2.3 Options</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">Ordinary Differential Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC135">6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">Ordinary Differential Equations (m)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC138">6.14.2 Language m (ode.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">Ordinary Differential Equations (reduce)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC136">6.14.1 Language reduce (ode.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">Ordinary Differential Equations (view)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">6.14.3 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC85">Other component labels</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC85">6.6.2 Other component labels</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC100">Other component labels (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC100"
            >6.6.11.2 Other component labels (old-style)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_P" id="cp_P"></a>P</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC94">parameter aliases</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC94">6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC89">parameter declarations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC89">6.6.6 Parameter declarations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC97">Parameter passing</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC97">6.6.10 Parameter passing</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">Parameter passing (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC101">6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC115">Parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC115">6.9 Parameters</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC180">paths</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC180">11.4 Paths</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC93">port aliases</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC93">6.6.9.1 Port aliases</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC69">Port label defaults</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC69">6.4.1.13 Port label defaults</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC68">port labels</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC8">ports</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC8">1.6.1 Ports</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC67">ports</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC67">6.4.1.11 Port labels</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC108">Predefined constitutive relationships</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC108"
            >6.8.1 Predefined constitutive relationships</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_Q" id="cp_Q"></a>Q</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC29">Quick start</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC29">3.1 Quick start</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_R" id="cp_R"></a>R</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC162">Reduce</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC162">9.3 Reduce</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC176">REDUCE setup</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC176">11.2 REDUCE setup</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC144">rep</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC145">rep.txt</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC144">Report</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC145">Report (text)</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC145">6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC146">Report (view)</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC146">6.16.2 Language view</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">Representation summary</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC52">6.1 Representation summary</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC20">representations</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC20">2.4.1.1 help representations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC51">Representations, defining</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC51">6. Representations</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#IDX3">Representations, what are they?</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC2">1.1 What is a representation?</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_S" id="cp_S"></a>S</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC49">SciGraphica</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC49">4.7.2 Exporting results to SciGraphica</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">Sensitivity models</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC50">5. Sensitivity models</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC151">Shell-script</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC151">7.2.2 Shell-script</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC61">Simple components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC61">6.4.1.5 Simple components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#IDX587">simple components</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC186">11.5 File structure</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63">Simple components - implementation</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC63"
            >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">Simulation</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC33">4. Simulation</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC44">Simulation initial state</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC44">4.5 Simulation initial state</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC42">Simulation input</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC42">4.3 Simulation input</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC43">Simulation logic</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC43">4.4 Simulation logic</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">Simulation output</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC47">4.7 Simulation output</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC37">Simulation parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC37">4.2 Simulation parameters</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC175">Software components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC175">11.1 Software components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC84">SS component labels</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC84">6.6.1 SS component labels</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC99">SS component labels (old-style)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC99">6.6.11.1 SS component labels (old-style)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC62">SS components</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC62">6.4.1.6 SS components</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC122">status</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC122">6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">Steady-state solutions</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC34">4.1 Steady-state solutions</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC35">Steady-state solutions - numerical</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC35">4.1.1 Steady-state solutions (odess)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">Steady-state solutions - symbolic</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC36">4.1.2 Steady-state solutions (ss)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC80">6.5 Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC59">strokes</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC103">struc</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC103">Structure</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC103">6.7 Structure (struc)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC125">Structure</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC106">Structure (view)</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC106">6.7.3 Language tex (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC13">Switched systems</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC13">1.8 Switched systems</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC10">Symbolic parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC10">1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC116">Symbolic parameters</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC116">6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC117">Symbolic parameters for simplification</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC117"
            >6.9.2 Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_T" id="cp_T"></a>T</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC167">Text editors</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC167">10.3 Text editors</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC169">toolbox</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC32">Top level</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC32">3.3.1 Top level</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC123">Transformation abg2cbg_m</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC123">6.10.2.1 Transformation abg2cbg_m</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC74">Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC74">6.4.2.1 Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC125">6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC137">Transformation cse2ode_r</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC137">6.14.1.1 Transformation cse2ode_r</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC133">Transformation dae2cse_r</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC133">6.13.1.1 Transformation dae2cse_r</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC130">Transformation dae_r2m</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC130">6.12.2.1 Transformation dae_r2m</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC128">Transformation ese2dae_r</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC128">6.12.1.1 Transformation ese2dae_r</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC139">Transformation ode_r2m</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC139">6.14.2.1 Transformation ode_r2m</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC78">Transformation rbg2abg_m</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC78">6.4.3.3 Transformation rbg2abg_m</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC3">Transformations</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a transformation?</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_U" id="cp_U"></a>U</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC90">units declarations</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC90">6.6.7 Units declarations</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC112">Unresolved constitutive relationships</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC112"
            >6.8.3 Unresolved constitutive relationships</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC113"
            >Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC113"
            >6.8.4 Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC114"
            >Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
          >
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC114"
            >6.8.5 Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++</a
          >
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC14">User interface</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC14">2. User interface</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">Utilities</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC18">2.4 Utilities</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_V" id="cp_V"></a>V</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC72">valid name</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC72">6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC5">Variables</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC5">1.4 Variables</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC70">Vector components</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC70">6.4.1.14 Vector Components</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC68">vector port labels</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC68">6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC54">Verbal description (desc)</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC54">6.3 Verbal description (desc)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC27">Version control</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC27">2.4.4 Version control</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">view Constrained-state Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC82">6.5.2 Stripped acausal bond graph (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">view Constrained-state Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC134">6.13.2 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">view Ordinary Differential Equations</a>
        </td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC140">6.14.3 Language m (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC146">view Report</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC146">6.16.2 Language view</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC106">view Structure</a></td>
        <td valign="top">
          <a href="mtt.html#SEC106">6.7.3 Language tex (view)</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC165">views</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC165">10.1 Views</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th><a name="cp_X" id="cp_X"></a>X</th>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC166">Xfig</a></td>
        <td valign="top"><a href="mtt.html#SEC166">10.2 Xfig</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="3">
          <hr />
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <th valign="top">Jump to:</th>
        <td>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_%3C" class="c5">&lt;</a><br />
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_A" class="c5">A</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_B" class="c5">B</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_C" class="c5">C</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_D" class="c5">D</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_E" class="c5">E</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_F" class="c5">F</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_G" class="c5">G</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_H" class="c5">H</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_I" class="c5">I</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_L" class="c5">L</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_M" class="c5">M</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_N" class="c5">N</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_O" class="c5">O</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_P" class="c5">P</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_Q" class="c5">Q</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_R" class="c5">R</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_S" class="c5">S</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_T" class="c5">T</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_U" class="c5">U</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_V" class="c5">V</a>
          <a href="mtt.html#cp_X" class="c5">X</a>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <hr size="6" />
    <a name="SEC_Contents" id="SEC_Contents"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>Table of Contents</h1>
    <blockquote>
      <a name="TOC1" href="mtt.html#SEC1" id="TOC1">1. Introduction</a><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC2" href="mtt.html#SEC2" id="TOC2"
          >1.1 What is a representation?</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC3" href="mtt.html#SEC3" id="TOC3"
          >1.2 What is a transformation?</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC4" href="mtt.html#SEC4" id="TOC4"
          >1.3 What is a bond graph?</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC5" href="mtt.html#SEC5" id="TOC5">1.4 Variables</a><br />
        <a name="TOC6" href="mtt.html#SEC6" id="TOC6">1.5 Bonds</a><br />
        <a name="TOC7" href="mtt.html#SEC7" id="TOC7">1.6 Components</a><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC8" href="mtt.html#SEC8" id="TOC8">1.6.1 Ports</a><br />
          <a name="TOC9" href="mtt.html#SEC9" id="TOC9"
            >1.6.2 Constitutive relationship</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC10" href="mtt.html#SEC10" id="TOC10"
            >1.6.3 Symbolic parameters</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC11" href="mtt.html#SEC11" id="TOC11"
            >1.6.4 Numeric parameters</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC12" href="mtt.html#SEC12" id="TOC12">1.7 Algebraic loops</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC13" href="mtt.html#SEC13" id="TOC13">1.8 Switched systems</a
        ><br />
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC14" href="mtt.html#SEC14" id="TOC14">2. User interface</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC15" href="mtt.html#SEC15" id="TOC15"
          >2.1 Menu-driven interface</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC16" href="mtt.html#SEC16" id="TOC16"
          >2.2 Command line interface</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC17" href="mtt.html#SEC17" id="TOC17">2.3 Options</a><br />
        <a name="TOC18" href="mtt.html#SEC18" id="TOC18">2.4 Utilities</a><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC19" href="mtt.html#SEC19" id="TOC19">2.4.1 Help</a><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC20" href="mtt.html#SEC20" id="TOC20"
              >2.4.1.1 help representations</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC21" href="mtt.html#SEC21" id="TOC21"
              >2.4.1.2 help components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC22" href="mtt.html#SEC22" id="TOC22"
              >2.4.1.3 help examples</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC23" href="mtt.html#SEC23" id="TOC23">2.4.1.4 help crs</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC24" href="mtt.html#SEC24" id="TOC24"
              >2.4.1.5 help &lt;name&gt;</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC25" href="mtt.html#SEC25" id="TOC25">2.4.2 Copy</a><br />
          <a name="TOC26" href="mtt.html#SEC26" id="TOC26">2.4.3 Clean</a><br />
          <a name="TOC27" href="mtt.html#SEC27" id="TOC27"
            >2.4.4 Version control</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC28" href="mtt.html#SEC28" id="TOC28">3. Creating Models</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC29" href="mtt.html#SEC29" id="TOC29">3.1 Quick start</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC30" href="mtt.html#SEC30" id="TOC30"
          >3.2 Creating simple models</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC31" href="mtt.html#SEC31" id="TOC31"
          >3.3 Creating complex models</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC32" href="mtt.html#SEC32" id="TOC32">3.3.1 Top level</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC33" href="mtt.html#SEC33" id="TOC33">4. Simulation</a><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC34" href="mtt.html#SEC34" id="TOC34"
          >4.1 Steady-state solutions</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC35" href="mtt.html#SEC35" id="TOC35"
            >4.1.1 Steady-state solutions (odess)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC36" href="mtt.html#SEC36" id="TOC36"
            >4.1.2 Steady-state solutions (ss)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC37" href="mtt.html#SEC37" id="TOC37"
          >4.2 Simulation parameters</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC38" href="mtt.html#SEC38" id="TOC38"
            >4.2.1 Euler integration</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC39" href="mtt.html#SEC39" id="TOC39"
            >4.2.2 Implicit integration</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC40" href="mtt.html#SEC40" id="TOC40"
            >4.2.3 Runge Kutta IV integration</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC41" href="mtt.html#SEC41" id="TOC41"
            >4.2.4 Hybrd algebraic solver</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC42" href="mtt.html#SEC42" id="TOC42">4.3 Simulation input</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC43" href="mtt.html#SEC43" id="TOC43">4.4 Simulation logic</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC44" href="mtt.html#SEC44" id="TOC44"
          >4.5 Simulation initial state</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC45" href="mtt.html#SEC45" id="TOC45">4.6 Simulation code</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC46" href="mtt.html#SEC46" id="TOC46"
            >4.6.1 Dynamically linked functions</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC47" href="mtt.html#SEC47" id="TOC47"
          >4.7 Simulation output</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC48" href="mtt.html#SEC48" id="TOC48"
            >4.7.1 Viewing results with gnuplot</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC49" href="mtt.html#SEC49" id="TOC49"
            >4.7.2 Exporting results to SciGraphica</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC50" href="mtt.html#SEC50" id="TOC50">5. Sensitivity models</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC51" href="mtt.html#SEC51" id="TOC51">6. Representations</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC52" href="mtt.html#SEC52" id="TOC52"
          >6.1 Representation summary</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC53" href="mtt.html#SEC53" id="TOC53"
          >6.2 Defining representations</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC54" href="mtt.html#SEC54" id="TOC54"
          >6.3 Verbal description (desc)</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC55" href="mtt.html#SEC55" id="TOC55"
          >6.4 Acausal bond graph (abg)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC56" href="mtt.html#SEC56" id="TOC56"
            >6.4.1 Language fig (abg.fig)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC57" href="mtt.html#SEC57" id="TOC57"
              >6.4.1.1 Icon library</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC58" href="mtt.html#SEC58" id="TOC58">6.4.1.2 Bonds</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC59" href="mtt.html#SEC59" id="TOC59">6.4.1.3 Strokes</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC60" href="mtt.html#SEC60" id="TOC60"
              >6.4.1.4 Components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC61" href="mtt.html#SEC61" id="TOC61"
              >6.4.1.5 Simple components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC62" href="mtt.html#SEC62" id="TOC62"
              >6.4.1.6 SS components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC63" href="mtt.html#SEC63" id="TOC63"
              >6.4.1.7 Simple components - implementation</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC64" href="mtt.html#SEC64" id="TOC64"
              >6.4.1.8 Compound components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC65" href="mtt.html#SEC65" id="TOC65"
              >6.4.1.9 Named SS components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC66" href="mtt.html#SEC66" id="TOC66"
              >6.4.1.10 Coerced bond direction</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC67" href="mtt.html#SEC67" id="TOC67"
              >6.4.1.11 Port labels</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC68" href="mtt.html#SEC68" id="TOC68"
              >6.4.1.12 Vector port labels</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC69" href="mtt.html#SEC69" id="TOC69"
              >6.4.1.13 Port label defaults</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC70" href="mtt.html#SEC70" id="TOC70"
              >6.4.1.14 Vector Components</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC71" href="mtt.html#SEC71" id="TOC71">6.4.1.15 Artwork</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC72" href="mtt.html#SEC72" id="TOC72"
              >6.4.1.16 Valid Names</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC73" href="mtt.html#SEC73" id="TOC73"
            >6.4.2 Language m (rbg.m)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC74" href="mtt.html#SEC74" id="TOC74"
              >6.4.2.1 Transformation abg2rbg_fig2m</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC75" href="mtt.html#SEC75" id="TOC75"
            >6.4.3 Language m (abg.m)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC76" href="mtt.html#SEC76" id="TOC76"
              >6.4.3.1 Arrow-orientated causality</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC77" href="mtt.html#SEC77" id="TOC77"
              >6.4.3.2 Component-orientated causality</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC78" href="mtt.html#SEC78" id="TOC78"
              >6.4.3.3 Transformation rbg2abg_m</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC79" href="mtt.html#SEC79" id="TOC79"
            >6.4.4 Language tex (abg.tex)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC80" href="mtt.html#SEC80" id="TOC80"
          >6.5 Stripped acausal bond graph (sabg)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC81" href="mtt.html#SEC81" id="TOC81"
            >6.5.1 Language fig (sabg.fig)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC82" href="mtt.html#SEC82" id="TOC82"
            >6.5.2 Stripped acausal bond graph (view)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC83" href="mtt.html#SEC83" id="TOC83">6.6 Labels (lbl)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC84" href="mtt.html#SEC84" id="TOC84"
            >6.6.1 SS component labels</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC85" href="mtt.html#SEC85" id="TOC85"
            >6.6.2 Other component labels</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC86" href="mtt.html#SEC86" id="TOC86"
            >6.6.3 Component names</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC87" href="mtt.html#SEC87" id="TOC87"
            >6.6.4 Component constitutive relationship</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC88" href="mtt.html#SEC88" id="TOC88"
            >6.6.5 Component arguments</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC89" href="mtt.html#SEC89" id="TOC89"
            >6.6.6 Parameter declarations</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC90" href="mtt.html#SEC90" id="TOC90"
            >6.6.7 Units declarations</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC91" href="mtt.html#SEC91" id="TOC91"
            >6.6.8 Interface Control Definition</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC92" href="mtt.html#SEC92" id="TOC92">6.6.9 Aliases</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC93" href="mtt.html#SEC93" id="TOC93"
              >6.6.9.1 Port aliases</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC94" href="mtt.html#SEC94" id="TOC94"
              >6.6.9.2 Parameter aliases</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC95" href="mtt.html#SEC95" id="TOC95"
              >6.6.9.3 CR aliases</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC96" href="mtt.html#SEC96" id="TOC96"
              >6.6.9.4 Component aliases</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC97" href="mtt.html#SEC97" id="TOC97"
            >6.6.10 Parameter passing</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC98" href="mtt.html#SEC98" id="TOC98"
            >6.6.11 Old-style labels (lbl)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC99" href="mtt.html#SEC99" id="TOC99"
              >6.6.11.1 SS component labels (old-style)</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC100" href="mtt.html#SEC100" id="TOC100"
              >6.6.11.2 Other component labels (old-style)</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC101" href="mtt.html#SEC101" id="TOC101"
              >6.6.11.3 Parameter passing (old-style)</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC102" href="mtt.html#SEC102" id="TOC102"
            >6.6.12 Language tex (desc.tex)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC103" href="mtt.html#SEC103" id="TOC103"
          >6.7 Structure (struc)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC104" href="mtt.html#SEC104" id="TOC104"
            >6.7.1 Language txt (struc.txt)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC105" href="mtt.html#SEC105" id="TOC105"
            >6.7.2 Language tex (struc.tex)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC106" href="mtt.html#SEC106" id="TOC106"
            >6.7.3 Language tex (view)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC107" href="mtt.html#SEC107" id="TOC107"
          >6.8 Constitutive relationship (cr)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC108" href="mtt.html#SEC108" id="TOC108"
            >6.8.1 Predefined constitutive relationships</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC109" href="mtt.html#SEC109" id="TOC109">6.8.1.1 lin</a
            ><br />
            <a name="TOC110" href="mtt.html#SEC110" id="TOC110"
              >6.8.1.2 exotherm</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC111" href="mtt.html#SEC111" id="TOC111"
            >6.8.2 DIY constitutive relationships</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC112" href="mtt.html#SEC112" id="TOC112"
            >6.8.3 Unresolved constitutive relationships</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC113" href="mtt.html#SEC113" id="TOC113"
            >6.8.4 Unresolved constitutive relationships - Octave</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC114" href="mtt.html#SEC114" id="TOC114"
            >6.8.5 Unresolved constitutive relationships - c++</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC115" href="mtt.html#SEC115" id="TOC115">6.9 Parameters</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC116" href="mtt.html#SEC116" id="TOC116"
            >6.9.1 Symbolic parameters (subs.r)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC117" href="mtt.html#SEC117" id="TOC117"
            >6.9.2 Symbolic parameters for simplification (simp.r)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC118" href="mtt.html#SEC118" id="TOC118"
            >6.9.3 Numeric parameters (numpar)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC119" href="mtt.html#SEC119" id="TOC119"
              >6.9.3.1 Text form (numpar.txt)</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC120" href="mtt.html#SEC120" id="TOC120"
          >6.10 Causal bond graph (cbg)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC121" href="mtt.html#SEC121" id="TOC121"
            >6.10.1 Language fig (cbg.fig)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC122" href="mtt.html#SEC122" id="TOC122"
            >6.10.2 Language m (cbg.m)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC123" href="mtt.html#SEC123" id="TOC123"
              >6.10.2.1 Transformation abg2cbg_m</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC124" href="mtt.html#SEC124" id="TOC124"
          >6.11 Elementary system equations (ese)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC125" href="mtt.html#SEC125" id="TOC125"
              >6.11.0.1 Transformation cbg2ese_m2r</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC126" href="mtt.html#SEC126" id="TOC126"
          >6.12 Differential-Algebraic Equations (dae)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC127" href="mtt.html#SEC127" id="TOC127"
            >6.12.1 Language reduce (dae.r)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC128" href="mtt.html#SEC128" id="TOC128"
              >6.12.1.1 Transformation ese2dae_r</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC129" href="mtt.html#SEC129" id="TOC129"
            >6.12.2 Language m (dae.m)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC130" href="mtt.html#SEC130" id="TOC130"
              >6.12.2.1 Transformation dae_r2m</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC131" href="mtt.html#SEC131" id="TOC131"
          >6.13 Constrained-state Equations (cse)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC132" href="mtt.html#SEC132" id="TOC132"
            >6.13.1 Language reduce (cse.r)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC133" href="mtt.html#SEC133" id="TOC133"
              >6.13.1.1 Transformation dae2cse_r</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC134" href="mtt.html#SEC134" id="TOC134"
            >6.13.2 Language m (view)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC135" href="mtt.html#SEC135" id="TOC135"
          >6.14 Ordinary Differential Equations</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC136" href="mtt.html#SEC136" id="TOC136"
            >6.14.1 Language reduce (ode.r)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC137" href="mtt.html#SEC137" id="TOC137"
              >6.14.1.1 Transformation cse2ode_r</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC138" href="mtt.html#SEC138" id="TOC138"
            >6.14.2 Language m (ode.m)</a
          ><br />
          <blockquote>
            <a name="TOC139" href="mtt.html#SEC139" id="TOC139"
              >6.14.2.1 Transformation ode_r2m</a
            ><br />
          </blockquote>
          <a name="TOC140" href="mtt.html#SEC140" id="TOC140"
            >6.14.3 Language m (view)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC141" href="mtt.html#SEC141" id="TOC141"
          >6.15 Descriptor matrices (dm)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC142" href="mtt.html#SEC142" id="TOC142"
            >6.15.1 Language reduce (dm.r)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC143" href="mtt.html#SEC143" id="TOC143"
            >6.15.2 Language m (dm.m)</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC144" href="mtt.html#SEC144" id="TOC144">6.16 Report (rep)</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC145" href="mtt.html#SEC145" id="TOC145"
            >6.16.1 Language text (rep.txt)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC146" href="mtt.html#SEC146" id="TOC146"
            >6.16.2 Language view</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC147" href="mtt.html#SEC147" id="TOC147">7. Extending MTT</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC148" href="mtt.html#SEC148" id="TOC148">7.1 Makefiles</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC149" href="mtt.html#SEC149" id="TOC149"
          >7.2 New (DIY) representations</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC150" href="mtt.html#SEC150" id="TOC150">7.2.1 Makefile</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC151" href="mtt.html#SEC151" id="TOC151"
            >7.2.2 Shell-script</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC152" href="mtt.html#SEC152" id="TOC152"
            >7.2.3 Documentation</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC153" href="mtt.html#SEC153" id="TOC153"
          >7.3 Component library</a
        ><br />
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC154" href="mtt.html#SEC154" id="TOC154">8. Documentation</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC155" href="mtt.html#SEC155" id="TOC155">8.1 Manual</a><br />
        <a name="TOC156" href="mtt.html#SEC156" id="TOC156"
          >8.2 On-line documentation</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC157" href="mtt.html#SEC157" id="TOC157"
            >8.2.1 Brief on-line documentation</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC158" href="mtt.html#SEC158" id="TOC158"
            >8.2.2 Detailed on-line documentation</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC159" href="mtt.html#SEC159" id="TOC159">9. Languages</a><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC160" href="mtt.html#SEC160" id="TOC160">9.1 Fig</a><br />
        <a name="TOC161" href="mtt.html#SEC161" id="TOC161">9.2 m</a><br />
        <a name="TOC162" href="mtt.html#SEC162" id="TOC162">9.3 Reduce</a><br />
        <a name="TOC163" href="mtt.html#SEC163" id="TOC163">9.4 c</a><br />
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC164" href="mtt.html#SEC164" id="TOC164">10. Language tools</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC165" href="mtt.html#SEC165" id="TOC165">10.1 Views</a><br />
        <a name="TOC166" href="mtt.html#SEC166" id="TOC166">10.2 Xfig</a><br />
        <a name="TOC167" href="mtt.html#SEC167" id="TOC167">10.3 Text editors</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC168" href="mtt.html#SEC168" id="TOC168">10.4 Octave</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC169" href="mtt.html#SEC169" id="TOC169"
            >10.4.1 Octave control system toolbox (OCST)</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC170" href="mtt.html#SEC170" id="TOC170"
            >10.4.2 Creating GNU Octave .oct files</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC171" href="mtt.html#SEC171" id="TOC171"
            >10.4.3 Creating Matlab .mex files</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC172" href="mtt.html#SEC172" id="TOC172"
            >10.4.4 Embedding MTT models in Simulink</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC173" href="mtt.html#SEC173" id="TOC173">10.5 LaTeX</a><br />
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC174" href="mtt.html#SEC174" id="TOC174">11. Administration</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC175" href="mtt.html#SEC175" id="TOC175"
          >11.1 Software components</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC176" href="mtt.html#SEC176" id="TOC176">11.2 REDUCE setup</a
        ><br />
        <a name="TOC177" href="mtt.html#SEC177" id="TOC177">11.3 Octave setup</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC178" href="mtt.html#SEC178" id="TOC178"
            >11.3.1 .octaverc</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC179" href="mtt.html#SEC179" id="TOC179"
            >11.3.2 .oct file dependencies</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC180" href="mtt.html#SEC180" id="TOC180">11.4 Paths</a><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC181" href="mtt.html#SEC181" id="TOC181">11.4.1 $MTTPATH</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC182" href="mtt.html#SEC182" id="TOC182"
            >11.4.2 $MTT_COMPONENTS</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC183" href="mtt.html#SEC183" id="TOC183">11.4.3 $MTT_CRS</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC184" href="mtt.html#SEC184" id="TOC184"
            >11.4.4 $MTT_EXAMPLES</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC185" href="mtt.html#SEC185" id="TOC185"
            >11.4.5 $OCTAVE_PATH</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC186" href="mtt.html#SEC186" id="TOC186"
          >11.5 File structure</a
        ><br />
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC187" href="mtt.html#SEC187" id="TOC187">A. Legal stuff</a
      ><br />
      <blockquote>
        <a name="TOC188" href="mtt.html#SEC188" id="TOC188"
          >A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC189" href="mtt.html#SEC189" id="TOC189"
            >A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
        <a name="TOC190" href="mtt.html#SEC190" id="TOC190"
          >A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a
        ><br />
        <blockquote>
          <a name="TOC191" href="mtt.html#SEC191" id="TOC191">A.2.1 Preamble</a
          ><br />
          <a name="TOC192" href="mtt.html#SEC192" id="TOC192"
            >A.2.2 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</a
          ><br />
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <a name="TOC193" href="mtt.html#SEC193" id="TOC193">Glossary</a><br />
      <a name="TOC194" href="mtt.html#SEC194" id="TOC194">Index</a><br />
    </blockquote>
    <hr size="1" />
    <a name="SEC_OVERVIEW" id="SEC_OVERVIEW"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>Short Table of Contents</h1>
    <blockquote>
      <a name="TOC1" href="mtt.html#SEC1" id="TOC1">1. Introduction</a><br />
      <a name="TOC14" href="mtt.html#SEC14" id="TOC14">2. User interface</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC28" href="mtt.html#SEC28" id="TOC28">3. Creating Models</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC33" href="mtt.html#SEC33" id="TOC33">4. Simulation</a><br />
      <a name="TOC50" href="mtt.html#SEC50" id="TOC50">5. Sensitivity models</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC51" href="mtt.html#SEC51" id="TOC51">6. Representations</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC147" href="mtt.html#SEC147" id="TOC147">7. Extending MTT</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC154" href="mtt.html#SEC154" id="TOC154">8. Documentation</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC159" href="mtt.html#SEC159" id="TOC159">9. Languages</a><br />
      <a name="TOC164" href="mtt.html#SEC164" id="TOC164">10. Language tools</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC174" href="mtt.html#SEC174" id="TOC174">11. Administration</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC187" href="mtt.html#SEC187" id="TOC187">A. Legal stuff</a
      ><br />
      <a name="TOC193" href="mtt.html#SEC193" id="TOC193">Glossary</a><br />
      <a name="TOC194" href="mtt.html#SEC194" id="TOC194">Index</a><br />
    </blockquote>
    <hr size="1" />
    <a name="SEC_About" id="SEC_About"></a>
    <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
      <tr>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Top">Top</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [<a href="mtt.html#SEC194">Index</a>]
        </td>
        <td valign="middle" align="left">
          [ <a href="mtt.html#SEC_About">?</a> ]
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h1>About this document</h1>
    This document was generated by using
    <a class="c6" href="http://texi2html.cvshome.org">texi2html</a> The buttons
    in the navigation panels have the following meaning:
    <table border="1">
      <tr>
        <th>Button</th>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Go to</th>
        <th>From 1.2.3 go to</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[ &lt; ]</td>
        <td align="center">Back</td>
        <td>previous section in reading order</td>
        <td>1.2.2</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[ &gt; ]</td>
        <td align="center">Forward</td>
        <td>next section in reading order</td>
        <td>1.2.4</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[ &lt;&lt; ]</td>
        <td align="center">FastBack</td>
        <td>beginning of this chapter or previous chapter</td>
        <td>1</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[ Up ]</td>
        <td align="center">Up</td>
        <td>up section</td>
        <td>1.2</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[ &gt;&gt; ]</td>
        <td align="center">FastForward</td>
        <td>next chapter</td>
        <td>2</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[Top]</td>
        <td align="center">Top</td>
        <td>cover (top) of document</td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[Contents]</td>
        <td align="center">Contents</td>
        <td>table of contents</td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[Index]</td>
        <td align="center">Index</td>
        <td>concept index</td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td align="center">[ ? ]</td>
        <td align="center">About</td>
        <td>this page</td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>
      where the <strong>Example</strong> assumes that the current position is at
      <strong>Subsubsection One-Two-Three</strong> of a document of the
      following structure:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>
        1. Section One
        <ul>
          <li>
            1.1 Subsection One-One
            <ul>
              <li>...</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            1.2 Subsection One-Two
            <ul>
              <li>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One</li>
              <li>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two</li>
              <li>
                1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three
                <strong>&lt;== Current Position</strong>
              </li>
              <li>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            1.3 Subsection One-Three
            <ul>
              <li>...</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>1.4 Subsection One-Four</li>
        </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <hr size="1" />
    <br />
    <span class="c3"
      >This document was generated by <i>Peter Gawthrop</i> on
      <i>September, 23 2003</i> using
      <a class="c6" href="http://texi2html.cvshome.org">texi2html</a></span
    >
  </body>
</html>
