no-opt=0             => {Build without optimization}
    json=0               => {Build with fossil JSON API enabled}
}

# Update the minimum required SQLite version number here, and also
# in src/main.c near the sqlite3_libversion_number() call.  Take care
# that both places agree!
define MINIMUM_SQLITE_VERSION "3.37.0"

# This is useful for people wanting Fossil to use an external SQLite library
# to compare the one they have against the minimum required
if {[opt-bool print-minimum-sqlite-version]} {
    puts [get-define MINIMUM_SQLITE_VERSION]
    exit 0
}

  fossil_printf_selfcheck();
  fossil_limit_memory(1);

  /* When updating the minimum SQLite version, change the number here,
  ** and also MINIMUM_SQLITE_VERSION value set in ../auto.def.  Take
  ** care that both places agree! */
  if( sqlite3_libversion_number()<3037000 ){
    fossil_panic("Unsuitable SQLite version %s, must be at least 3.37.0",
                 sqlite3_libversion());
  }

  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD);
  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, fossil_sqlite_log, 0);
  memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g));
  g.now = time(0);

@ CREATE TABLE blob(
@   rid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,        -- Record ID
@   rcvid INTEGER,                  -- Origin of this record
@   size INTEGER,                   -- Size of content. -1 for a phantom.
@   uuid TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,      -- hash of the content
@   content BLOB,                   -- Compressed content of this record
@   CHECK( length(uuid)>=40 AND rid>0 )
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE TABLE delta(
@   rid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,                 -- BLOB that is delta-compressed
@   srcid INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES blob   -- Baseline for delta-compression
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX delta_i1 ON delta(srcid);
@
@ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -- The BLOB and DELTA tables above hold the "global state" of a Fossil
@ -- project; the stuff that is normally exchanged during "sync".  The
@ -- "local state" of a repository is contained in the remaining tables of
@ -- the zRepositorySchema1 string.
@ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@
@ -- Whenever new blobs are received into the repository, an entry
@ -- in this table records the source of the blob.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE rcvfrom(
@   rcvid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,      -- Received-From ID
@   uid INTEGER REFERENCES user,    -- User login
@   mtime REAL,                     -- Time of receipt.  Julian day.
@   nonce TEXT UNIQUE,              -- Nonce used for login
@   ipaddr TEXT                     -- Remote IP address.  NULL for direct.
@ ) STRICT;
@
@ -- Information about users
@ --
@ -- The user.pw field can be either cleartext of the password, or
@ -- a SHA1 hash of the password.  If the user.pw field is exactly 40
@ -- characters long we assume it is a SHA1 hash.  Otherwise, it is
@ -- cleartext.  The sha1_shared_secret() routine computes the password

@ );
@
@ -- The config table holds miscellanous information about the repository.
@ -- in the form of name-value pairs.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE config(
@   name TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,  -- Primary name of the entry
@   value ANY,                       -- Content of the named parameter
@   mtime INT,                       -- last modified.  seconds since 1970
@   CHECK( length(name)>=1 )
@ ) STRICT;
@
@ -- Artifacts that should not be processed are identified in the
@ -- "shun" table.  Artifacts that are control-file forgeries or
@ -- spam or artifacts whose contents violate administrative policy
@ -- can be shunned in order to prevent them from contaminating
@ -- the repository.
@ --
@ -- Shunned artifacts do not exist in the blob table.  Hence they
@ -- have not artifact ID (rid) and we thus must store their full
@ -- UUID.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE shun(
@   uuid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,  -- UUID of artifact to be shunned. Canonical form
@   mtime INT,              -- When added.  seconds since 1970
@   scom TEXT               -- Optional text explaining why the shun occurred
@ ) WITHOUT ROWID, STRICT;
@
@ -- Artifacts that should not be pushed are stored in the "private"
@ -- table.  Private artifacts are omitted from the "unclustered" and
@ -- "unsent" tables.
@ --
@ -- A phantom artifact (that is, an artifact with BLOB.SIZE<0 - an artifact
@ -- for which we do not know the content) might also be marked as private.
@ -- This comes about when an artifact is named in a manifest or tag but
@ -- the content of that artifact is held privately by some other peer
@ -- repository.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE private(rid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
@
@ -- An entry in this table describes a database query that generates a
@ -- table of tickets.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE reportfmt(
@    rn INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,  -- Report number
@    owner TEXT,              -- Owner of this report format (not used)
@    title TEXT UNIQUE,       -- Title of this report
@    mtime REAL,              -- Last modified.  seconds since 1970
@    cols TEXT,               -- A color-key specification
@    sqlcode TEXT             -- An SQL SELECT statement for this report
@ ) STRICT;
@
@ -- Some ticket content (such as the originators email address or contact
@ -- information) needs to be obscured to protect privacy.  This is achieved
@ -- by storing an SHA1 hash of the content.  For display, the hash is
@ -- mapped back into the original text using this table.
@ --
@ -- This table contains sensitive information and should not be shared
@ -- with unauthorized users.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE concealed(
@   hash TEXT PRIMARY KEY,    -- The SHA1 hash of content
@   mtime INT,                -- Time created.  Seconds since 1970
@   content TEXT              -- Content intended to be concealed
@ ) STRICT;
@
@ -- The application ID helps the unix "file" command to identify the
@ -- database as a fossil repository.
@ PRAGMA application_id=252006673;
;

/*

const char zRepositorySchema2[] =
@ -- Filenames
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE filename(
@   fnid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,    -- Filename ID
@   name TEXT UNIQUE             -- Name of file page
@ ) STRICT;
@
@ -- Linkages between check-ins, files created by each check-in, and
@ -- the names of those files.
@ --
@ -- Each entry represents a file that changed content from pid to fid
@ -- due to the check-in that goes from pmid to mid.  fnid is the name
@ -- of the file in the mid check-in.  If the file was renamed as part

@   mid INTEGER,                       -- Check-in that contains fid
@   fid INTEGER,                       -- New file content. 0 if deleted
@   pmid INTEGER,                      -- Check-in that contains pid
@   pid INTEGER,                       -- Prev file content. 0 if new. -1 merge
@   fnid INTEGER REFERENCES filename,  -- Name of the file
@   pfnid INTEGER,                     -- Previous name. 0 if unchanged
@   mperm INTEGER,                     -- File permissions.  1==exec
@   isaux INT DEFAULT 0                -- TRUE if pmid is the primary
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX mlink_i1 ON mlink(mid);
@ CREATE INDEX mlink_i2 ON mlink(fnid);
@ CREATE INDEX mlink_i3 ON mlink(fid);
@ CREATE INDEX mlink_i4 ON mlink(pid);
@
@ -- Parent/child linkages between check-ins
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE plink(
@   pid INTEGER REFERENCES blob,    -- Parent manifest
@   cid INTEGER REFERENCES blob,    -- Child manifest
@   isprim INT,                     -- pid is the primary parent of cid
@   mtime REAL,                     -- the date/time stamp on cid.  Julian day.
@   baseid INTEGER REFERENCES blob, -- Baseline if cid is a delta manifest.
@   UNIQUE(pid, cid)
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX plink_i2 ON plink(cid,pid);
@
@ -- A "leaf" check-in is a check-in that has no children in the same
@ -- branch.  The set of all leaves is easily computed with a join,
@ -- between the plink and tagxref tables, but it is a slower join for
@ -- very large repositories (repositories with 100,000 or more check-ins)
@ -- and so it makes sense to precompute the set of leaves.  There is

@ --     f     Forum posts
@ --     g     Tags
@ --     t     Ticket changes
@ --     w     Wiki page edit
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE event(
@   type TEXT,                      -- Type of event: ci, e, f, g, t, w
@   mtime REAL,                     -- Time of occurrence. Julian day.
@   objid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,      -- Associated record ID
@   tagid INTEGER,                  -- Associated ticket or wiki name tag
@   uid INTEGER REFERENCES user,    -- User who caused the event
@   bgcolor TEXT,                   -- Color set by 'bgcolor' property
@   euser TEXT,                     -- User set by 'user' property
@   user TEXT,                      -- Name of the user
@   ecomment TEXT,                  -- Comment set by 'comment' property
@   comment TEXT,                   -- Comment describing the event
@   brief TEXT,                     -- Short comment when tagid already seen
@   omtime REAL                     -- Original unchanged date+time, or NULL
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX event_i1 ON event(mtime);
@
@ -- A record of phantoms.  A phantom is a record for which we know the
@ -- file hash but we do not (yet) know the file content.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE phantom(
@   rid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY         -- Record ID of the phantom
@ );
@
@ -- A record of orphaned delta-manifests.  An orphan is a delta-manifest
@ -- for which we have content, but its baseline-manifest is a phantom.
@ -- We have to track all orphan manifests so that when the baseline arrives,
@ -- we know to process the orphaned deltas.
@ CREATE TABLE orphan(
@   rid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,        -- Delta manifest with a phantom baseline
@   baseline INTEGER                -- Phantom baseline of this orphan
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX orphan_baseline ON orphan(baseline);
@
@ -- Unclustered records.  An unclustered record is a record (including
@ -- a cluster records themselves) that is not mentioned by some other
@ -- cluster.
@ --
@ -- Phantoms are usually included in the unclustered table.  A new cluster

@ -- HASH is the indentifier of the ticket.  Tags used to assign symbolic
@ -- names to baselines are branches are of the form "sym-NAME" where
@ -- NAME is the symbolic name.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE tag(
@   tagid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,       -- Numeric tag ID
@   tagname TEXT UNIQUE              -- Tag name.
@ ) STRICT;
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(1, 'bgcolor');         -- TAG_BGCOLOR
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(2, 'comment');         -- TAG_COMMENT
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(3, 'user');            -- TAG_USER
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(4, 'date');            -- TAG_DATE
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(5, 'hidden');          -- TAG_HIDDEN
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(6, 'private');         -- TAG_PRIVATE
@ INSERT INTO tag VALUES(7, 'cluster');         -- TAG_CLUSTER

@ --
@ CREATE TABLE tagxref(
@   tagid INTEGER REFERENCES tag,   -- The tag that added or removed
@   tagtype INTEGER,                -- 0:-,cancel  1:+,single  2:*,propagate
@   srcid INTEGER REFERENCES blob,  -- Artifact of tag. 0 for propagated tags
@   origid INTEGER REFERENCES blob, -- check-in holding propagated tag
@   value TEXT,                     -- Value of the tag.  Might be NULL.
@   mtime REAL,                     -- Time of addition or removal. Julian day
@   rid INTEGER REFERENCES blob,    -- Artifact tag is applied to
@   UNIQUE(rid, tagid)
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX tagxref_i1 ON tagxref(tagid, mtime);
@
@ -- When a hyperlink occurs from one artifact to another (for example
@ -- when a check-in comment refers to a ticket) an entry is made in
@ -- the following table for that hyperlink.  This table is used to
@ -- facilitate the display of "back links".
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE backlink(
@   target TEXT,           -- Where the hyperlink points to
@   srctype INT,           -- 0=comment 1=ticket 2=wiki. See BKLNK_* below.
@   srcid INT,             -- EVENT.OBJID for the source document
@   mtime REAL,            -- time that the hyperlink was added. Julian day.
@   UNIQUE(target, srctype, srcid)
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX backlink_src ON backlink(srcid, srctype);
@
@ -- Each attachment is an entry in the following table.  Only
@ -- the most recent attachment (identified by the D card) is saved.
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE attachment(
@   attachid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,   -- Local id for this attachment
@   isLatest INT DEFAULT 0,         -- True if this is the one to use
@   mtime REAL,                     -- Last changed.  Julian day.
@   src TEXT,                       -- Hash of the attachment.  NULL to delete
@   target TEXT,                    -- Object attached to. Wikiname or Tkt hash
@   filename TEXT,                  -- Filename for the attachment
@   comment TEXT,                   -- Comment associated with this attachment
@   user TEXT                       -- Name of user adding attachment
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX attachment_idx1 ON attachment(target, filename, mtime);
@ CREATE INDEX attachment_idx2 ON attachment(src);
@
@ -- Template for the TICKET table
@ --
@ -- NB: when changing the schema of the TICKET table here, also make the
@ -- same change in tktsetup.c.

@ );
@ CREATE INDEX ticketchng_idx1 ON ticketchng(tkt_id, tkt_mtime);
@
@ -- For tracking cherrypick merges
@ CREATE TABLE cherrypick(
@   parentid INT,
@   childid INT,
@   isExclude INT DEFAULT false,
@   PRIMARY KEY(parentid, childid)
@ ) WITHOUT ROWID, STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX cherrypick_cid ON cherrypick(childid);
;

/*
** Allowed values for backlink.srctype
*/
#if INTERFACE

@ -- Important Variables:
@ --
@ --     repository        Full pathname of the repository database
@ --     user-id           Userid to use
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE vvar(
@   name TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,  -- Primary name of the entry
@   value ANY,                       -- Content of the named parameter
@   CHECK( length(name)>=1 )
@ ) STRICT, WITHOUT ROWID;
@
@ -- Each entry in the vfile table represents a single file in the
@ -- current checkout.
@ --
@ -- The file.rid field is 0 for files or folders that have been
@ -- added but not yet committed.
@ --
@ -- Vfile.chnged meaning:
@ --    0       File is unmodified
@ --    1       Manually edited and/or modified as part of a merge command
@ --    2       Replaced by a merge command
@ --    3       Added by a merge command
@ --    4,5     Same as 2,3 except merge using --integrate
@ --
@ CREATE TABLE vfile(
@   id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,           -- ID of the checked out file
@   vid INTEGER REFERENCES blob,      -- The checkin this file is part of.
@   chnged INT DEFAULT 0,  -- 0:unchng 1:edit 2:m-chng 3:m-add 4:i-chng 5:i-add
@   deleted INT DEFAULT 0,            -- True if deleted
@   isexe INT,                        -- True if file should be executable
@   islink INT,                       -- True if file should be symlink
@   rid INTEGER,                      -- Originally from this repository record
@   mrid INTEGER,                     -- Based on this record due to a merge
@   mtime INTEGER,                    -- Mtime of file on disk. sec since 1970
@   pathname TEXT,                    -- Full pathname relative to root
@   origname TEXT,                    -- Original pathname. NULL if unchanged
@   mhash TEXT,                       -- Hash of mrid iff mrid!=rid
@   UNIQUE(pathname,vid)
@ ) STRICT;
@
@ -- Identifier for this file type.
@ -- The integer is the same as 'FSLC'.
@ PRAGMA application_id=252006674;
;

/* Additional local database initialization following the schema

@ -- backout merge and id==(-4) is a integrate merge.
@ --
@
@ CREATE TABLE vmerge(
@   id INTEGER REFERENCES vfile,      -- VFILE entry that has been merged
@   merge INTEGER,                    -- Merged with this record
@   mhash TEXT                        -- SHA1/SHA3 hash for merge object
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX vmergex1 ON vmerge(id,mhash);
@
@ -- The following trigger will prevent older versions of Fossil that
@ -- do not know about the new vmerge.mhash column from updating the
@ -- vmerge table.  This must be done with a trigger, since legacy Fossil
@ -- uses INSERT OR IGNORE to update vmerge, and the OR IGNORE will cause
@ -- a NOT NULL constraint to be silently ignored.

static const char zForumSchema[] =
@ CREATE TABLE repository.forumpost(
@   fpid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,  -- BLOB.rid for the artifact
@   froot INT,                 -- fpid of the thread root
@   fprev INT,                 -- Previous version of this same post
@   firt INT,                  -- This post is in-reply-to
@   fmtime REAL                -- When posted.  Julian day
@ ) STRICT;
@ CREATE INDEX repository.forumthread ON forumpost(froot,fmtime);
;

/* Create the forum-post schema if it does not already exist */
void schema_forum(void){
  if( !db_table_exists("repository","forumpost") ){
    db_multi_exec("%s",zForumSchema/*safe-for-%s*/);
  }
}

#endif
      }else if( optionMatch(z, "append") ){
        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
      }else if( optionMatch(z, "readonly") ){
        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_READONLY;
      }else if( optionMatch(z, "nofollow") ){
        p->openFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW;


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
      }else if( optionMatch(z, "deserialize") ){
        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_DESERIALIZE;
      }else if( optionMatch(z, "hexdb") ){
        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_HEXDB;
      }else if( optionMatch(z, "maxsize") && iName+1<nArg ){
        p->szMax = integerValue(azArg[++iName]);

**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.37.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3037000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2021-10-21 20:08:00 559ba38b8a0f7795d781838ec78969874fd678f749b26cd49cf6112afc838732"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))

#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
**
** These bit values are intended for use in the
** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
**
** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
**
** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically be a no-op and might become an
** error in future versions of SQLite.
*/
#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */

** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
** the default shared cache setting provided by
** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
**
** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>






** </dl>)^
**
** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
** by sqlite3_open_v2().
**
** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
**
** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database

** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
**
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
# ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
    extern unsigned int sqlite3CoverageCounter;
# endif
# define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3CoverageCounter += (unsigned)__LINE__; }
#else
# define testcase(X)
#endif

/*
** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments

# define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
# define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
#else
# define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
# define NEVER(X)       (X)
#endif





















/*
** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
**
** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
*/

#define sqliteHashData(E)   ((E)->data)
/* #define sqliteHashKey(E)    ((E)->pKey) // NOT USED */
/* #define sqliteHashKeysize(E) ((E)->nKey)  // NOT USED */

/*
** Number of entries in a hash table
*/
#define sqliteHashCount(H)  ((H)->count)

#endif /* SQLITE_HASH_H */

/************** End of hash.h ************************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
/************** Include parse.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
/************** Begin file parse.h *******************************************/

  int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
  int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
  int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
  int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
  int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
  void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
  union {
    void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);   /* mTrace==SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY */
    int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);    /* All other mTrace values */
  } trace;
  void *pTraceArg;                        /* Argument to the trace function */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
  void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
  void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
#endif
  void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
  int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
  void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */

  void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
  const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
  union {
    FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
    FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
  } u; /* pHash if SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN, pDestructor otherwise */
};

/*
** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to

#define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN  0x00800000 /* This is a built-in function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */

/* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
#define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
#define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
#define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
#define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3

**     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
**     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
**     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
**     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
**     parameter.
*/
#define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
   xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
         SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
         SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
   0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
         SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
   (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
   pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
#define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
   (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
#define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
   0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }


/*
** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe

** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
** tree.
**
** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
** or TK_STRING), then Expr.u.zToken contains the text of the SQL literal. If
** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.u.zToken contains the
** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
** then Expr.u.zToken contains the name of the function.
**
** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
**
** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of

**
** ALLOCATION NOTES:
**
** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
** together with Expr.u.zToken strings.
**
** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.

    struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
      int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
      int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
    } sub;
  } y;
};


/* The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
** Value restrictions:
**
**          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
**          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
*/
#define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
#define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */

#define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
#define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
#define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
#define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
#define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
               /*   0x80000000 // Available */


/* The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
** upwards into parent nodes.
*/
#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)


/* Macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
** Expr.flags field.
*/
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
#define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
#define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
#define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
#define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)

/* Macros used to ensure that the correct members of unions are accessed
** in Expr.
*/
#define ExprUseUToken(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)==0)
#define ExprUseUValue(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0)
#define ExprUseXList(E)     (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)==0)
#define ExprUseXSelect(E)   (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)!=0)
#define ExprUseYTab(E)      (((E)->flags&(EP_WinFunc|EP_Subrtn))==0)
#define ExprUseYWin(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_WinFunc)!=0)
#define ExprUseYSub(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_Subrtn)!=0)

/* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
*/
#define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
#define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */

/* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,

    u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
    unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
    unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
    unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
    unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
    unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
    union {
      struct {             /* Used by any ExprList other than Parse.pConsExpr */
        u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
        u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
      } x;
      int iConstExprReg;   /* Register in which Expr value is cached. Used only
                           ** by Parse.pConstExpr */
    } u;
  } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
};

/*
** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
*/

  } *a;
  int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
};

/*
** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
**
** Union member validity:
**
**    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
**    u1.pFuncArg            fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
**    u2.pIBIndex            fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
**    u2.pCteUse             fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
*/
struct SrcItem {
  Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
  char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
  char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
  char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
  Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */

  With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
  ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
#endif
};

/* Allowed values for Parse.eParseMode
*/
#define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
#define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
#define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
#define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3

/*
** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.

** this constraint.
**
** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(const void*,u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(const void*,u8);
#else
# define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
# define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
# define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
#endif
#define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
#define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */

/*
** Hash table for global functions - functions common to all
** database connections.  After initialization, this table is
** read-only.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;

/*
** Counter used for coverage testing.  Does not come into play for
** release builds.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE unsigned int sqlite3CoverageCounter;

#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
/*
** The following performance counter can be used in place of
** sqlite3Hwtime() for profiling.  This is a no-op on standard builds.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt = 0;
#endif

/*
** Given an allocation, find the MemBlockHdr for that allocation.
**
** This routine checks the guards at either end of the allocation and
** if they are incorrect it asserts.
*/
static struct MemBlockHdr *sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(const void *pAllocation){
  struct MemBlockHdr *p;
  int *pInt;
  u8 *pU8;
  int nReserve;

  p = (struct MemBlockHdr*)pAllocation;
  p--;

** allocation p.  Also return true if p==NULL.
**
** This routine is designed for use within an assert() statement, to
** verify the type of an allocation.  For example:
**
**     assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(const void *p, u8 eType){
  int rc = 1;
  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree==sqlite3MemFree ){
    struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
    pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
    assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );         /* Allocation is valid */
    if( (pHdr->eType&eType)==0 ){
      rc = 0;

** allocation p.  Also return true if p==NULL.
**
** This routine is designed for use within an assert() statement, to
** verify the type of an allocation.  For example:
**
**     assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE) );
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(const void *p, u8 eType){
  int rc = 1;
  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree==sqlite3MemFree ){
    struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
    pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
    assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );         /* Allocation is valid */
    if( (pHdr->eType&eType)!=0 ){
      rc = 0;

          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zOp2),zOp2," op2=0x%02x",pExpr->op2);
        }else{
          zOp2[0] = 0;
        }
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLUMN(%d)%s%s",
                                    pExpr->iColumn, zFlgs, zOp2);
      }else{
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "{%d:%d} pTab=%p%s",
                        pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn,
                        pExpr->y.pTab, zFlgs);
      }
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol) ){
        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      if( pExpr->flags & EP_IntValue ){
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%d", pExpr->u.iValue);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    case TK_FLOAT: {
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_STRING: {
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
    case TK_NULL: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"NULL");
      break;
    }
    case TK_TRUEFALSE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s%s",
         sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pExpr) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE", zFlgs);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
    case TK_BLOB: {
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_VARIABLE: {
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"VARIABLE(%s,%d)",
                          pExpr->u.zToken, pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_REGISTER: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"REGISTER(%d)", pExpr->iTable);
      break;
    }
    case TK_ID: {
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"ID \"%w\"", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
    case TK_CAST: {
      /* Expressions of the form:   CAST(pLeft AS token) */
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"CAST %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_LT:      zBinOp = "LT";     break;
    case TK_LE:      zBinOp = "LE";     break;

      assert( sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight)->op==TK_TRUEFALSE );
      x = (pExpr->op2==TK_ISNOT)*2 + sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pExpr->pRight);
      zUniOp = azOp[x];
      break;
    }

    case TK_SPAN: {
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SPAN %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }

    case TK_COLLATE: {
      /* COLLATE operators without the EP_Collate flag are intended to
      ** emulate collation associated with a table column.  These show
      ** up in the treeview output as "SOFT-COLLATE".  Explicit COLLATE
      ** operators that appear in the original SQL always have the
      ** EP_Collate bit set and appear in treeview output as just "COLLATE" */
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%sCOLLATE %Q%s",
        !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Collate) ? "SOFT-" : "",
        pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }

    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      Window *pWin;
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        pFarg = 0;
        pWin = 0;
      }else{
        assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
        pWin = ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0;
#else
        pWin = 0;
#endif
      }
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG_FUNCTION%d %Q%s agg=%d[%d]/%p",
                             pExpr->op2, pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs,
                             pExpr->pAggInfo ? pExpr->pAggInfo->selId : 0,
                             pExpr->iAgg, pExpr->pAggInfo);
      }else if( pExpr->op2!=0 ){
        const char *zOp2;

        sqlite3TreeViewWindow(pView, pWin, 0);
      }
#endif
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_EXISTS: {
      assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_SELECT: {
      assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "subquery-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_IN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
      if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    /*
    **    x BETWEEN y AND z
    **
    ** This is equivalent to
    **
    **    x>=y AND x<=z
    **
    ** X is stored in pExpr->pLeft.
    ** Y is stored in pExpr->pList->a[0].pExpr.
    ** Z is stored in pExpr->pList->a[1].pExpr.
    */
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      const Expr *pX, *pY, *pZ;
      pX = pExpr->pLeft;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr==2 );
      pY = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      pZ = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "BETWEEN");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pX, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pY, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pZ, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_TRIGGER: {

      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s(%d)",
          pExpr->iTable ? "NEW" : "OLD", pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_CASE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "CASE");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      const char *zType = "unk";
      switch( pExpr->affExpr ){
        case OE_Rollback:   zType = "rollback";  break;
        case OE_Abort:      zType = "abort";     break;
        case OE_Fail:       zType = "fail";      break;
        case OE_Ignore:     zType = "ignore";    break;
      }
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "RAISE %s(%Q)", zType, pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_MATCH: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "MATCH {%d:%d}%s",
                          pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn, zFlgs);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pRight, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_VECTOR: {
      char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("VECTOR%s",zFlgs);
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, z);
      sqlite3_free(z);
      break;
    }
    case TK_SELECT_COLUMN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-COLUMN %d of [0..%d]%s",
              pExpr->iColumn, pExpr->iTable-1,
              pExpr->pRight==pExpr->pLeft ? " (SELECT-owner)" : "");
      assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr->pLeft) );
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IF-NULL-ROW %d", pExpr->iTable);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;

*/
/* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
/* #include <stdarg.h> */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
#include <math.h>
#endif











/*
** Calls to sqlite3FaultSim() are used to simulate a failure during testing,
** or to bypass normal error detection during testing in order to let
** execute proceed futher downstream.
**
** In deployment, sqlite3FaultSim() *always* return SQLITE_OK (0).  The
** sqlite3FaultSim() function only returns non-zero during testing.

    }else{
      z[j++] = z[i];
    }
  }
  z[j] = 0;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr *p){
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) );
  assert( sqlite3Isquote(p->u.zToken[0]) );
  p->flags |= p->u.zToken[0]=='"' ? EP_Quoted|EP_DblQuoted : EP_Quoted;
  sqlite3Dequote(p->u.zToken);
}

/*
** If the input token p is quoted, try to adjust the token to remove

    OSTRACE(("OPENX   %-3d %s 0%o\n", fd, zName, openFlags));
    assert( !isExclusive || (openFlags & O_CREAT)!=0 );
    if( fd<0 ){
      if( isNewJrnl && errno==EACCES && osAccess(zName, F_OK) ){
        /* If unable to create a journal because the directory is not
        ** writable, change the error code to indicate that. */
        rc = SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY;


      }else if( errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite ){
        /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
        flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
        openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
        flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
        openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
        isReadonly = 1;

  ** page pgno before the 'move' operation, it needs to be retained
  ** for the page moved there.
  */
  pPg->flags &= ~PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
  pPgOld = sqlite3PagerLookup(pPager, pgno);
  assert( !pPgOld || pPgOld->nRef==1 || CORRUPT_DB );
  if( pPgOld ){
    if( NEVER(pPgOld->nRef>1) ){
      sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(pPgOld);
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }
    pPg->flags |= (pPgOld->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC);
    if( pPager->tempFile ){
      /* Do not discard pages from an in-memory database since we might
      ** need to rollback later.  Just move the page out of the way. */

** "extra" information associated with each page of the pager.)
**
** Access to all fields of this structure is controlled by the mutex
** stored in MemPage.pBt->mutex.
*/
struct MemPage {
  u8 isInit;           /* True if previously initialized. MUST BE FIRST! */

  u8 intKey;           /* True if table b-trees.  False for index b-trees */
  u8 intKeyLeaf;       /* True if the leaf of an intKey table */
  Pgno pgno;           /* Page number for this page */
  /* Only the first 8 bytes (above) are zeroed by pager.c when a new page
  ** is allocated. All fields that follow must be initialized before use */
  u8 leaf;             /* True if a leaf page */
  u8 hdrOffset;        /* 100 for page 1.  0 otherwise */

#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
  unsigned char * const pBufStart = pBuf;     /* Start of original out buffer */
#endif

  assert( pPage );
  assert( eOp==0 || eOp==1 );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  if( pCur->ix>=pPage->nCell ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
  }
  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );

  getCellInfo(pCur);
  aPayload = pCur->info.pPayload;
  assert( offset+amt <= pCur->info.nPayload );

  assert( aPayload > pPage->aData );

** wrong.  An error is returned if "offset+amt" is larger than
** the available payload.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage );

  return accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, (unsigned char*)pBuf, 0);
}

/*
** This variant of sqlite3BtreePayload() works even if the cursor has not
** in the CURSOR_VALID state.  It is only used by the sqlite3_blob_read()
** interface.

  u32 *pAmt            /* Write the number of available bytes here */
){
  int amt;
  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage);
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pCur->info.nSize>0 );
  assert( pCur->info.pPayload>pCur->pPage->aData || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pCur->info.pPayload<pCur->pPage->aDataEnd ||CORRUPT_DB);
  amt = pCur->info.nLocal;
  if( amt>(int)(pCur->pPage->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload) ){
    /* There is too little space on the page for the expected amount
    ** of local content. Database must be corrupt. */

    ** in a corrupt database file where the table being DELETE-ed from
    ** has pages in common with the table being queried.  See TH3
    ** module cov1/btree78.test testcase 220 (2018-06-08) for an
    ** example. */
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }











  if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
    if( !pPage->leaf ){
      rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]));
      if( rc ) return rc;
      return moveToLeftmost(pCur);
    }
    do{

  int rc;                             /* Return Code */
  u32 nFree;                          /* Initial number of pages on free-list */

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || iPage>1 );
  assert( !pMemPage || pMemPage->pgno==iPage );

  if( NEVER(iPage<2) || iPage>pBt->nPage ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  if( pMemPage ){
    pPage = pMemPage;
    sqlite3PagerRef(pPage->pDbPage);
  }else{
    pPage = btreePageLookup(pBt, iPage);

  }
  if( rc ) goto end_insert;
  assert( szNew==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, newCell) );
  assert( szNew <= MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) );
  idx = pCur->ix;
  if( loc==0 ){
    CellInfo info;
    assert( idx>=0 );
    if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }
    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
    if( rc ){
      goto end_insert;
    }
    oldCell = findCell(pPage, idx);
    if( !pPage->leaf ){
      memcpy(newCell, oldCell, 4);

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
  if( pgno>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pgno, &pPage, 0, 0);
  if( rc ) return rc;
  if( (pBt->openFlags & BTREE_SINGLE)==0
   && sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pPage->pDbPage)!=1
  ){
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    goto cleardatabasepage_out;
  }

  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
  for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
    pCell = findCell(pPage, i);
    if( !pPage->leaf ){
      rc = clearDatabasePage(pBt, get4byte(pCell), 1, pnChange);
      if( rc ) goto cleardatabasepage_out;
    }

  if( freePageFlag ){
    freePage(pPage, &rc);
  }else if( (rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage))==0 ){
    zeroPage(pPage, pPage->aData[hdr] | PTF_LEAF);
  }

cleardatabasepage_out:

  releasePage(pPage);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Delete all information from a single table in the database.  iTable is
** the page number of the root of the table.  After this routine returns,

  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
  assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
  assert( iTable>=2 );
  if( iTable>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }



  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(p, iTable, 0);
  if( rc ) return rc;
  rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, &pPage, 0);
  if( NEVER(rc) ){
    releasePage(pPage);
    return rc;
  }

  *piMoved = 0;

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM

  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;        /* New value */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
  ExprList *pList = 0;            /* Function arguments */
  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */

  assert( pCtx!=0 );
  assert( (p->flags & EP_TokenOnly)==0 );
  assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
  pList = p->x.pList;
  if( pList ) nVal = pList->nExpr;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) );
  pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(db, p->u.zToken, nVal, enc, 0);
  assert( pFunc );
  if( (pFunc->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG))==0
   || (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)
  ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  /* Compressed expressions only appear when parsing the DEFAULT clause
  ** on a table column definition, and hence only when pCtx==0.  This
  ** check ensures that an EP_TokenOnly expression is never passed down
  ** into valueFromFunction(). */
  assert( (pExpr->flags & EP_TokenOnly)==0 || pCtx==0 );

  if( op==TK_CAST ){
    u8 aff;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
    aff = sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken,0);
    rc = valueFromExpr(db, pExpr->pLeft, enc, aff, ppVal, pCtx);
    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
    if( *ppVal ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemCast(*ppVal, aff, SQLITE_UTF8);
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(*ppVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }
    return rc;

    pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
    if( pVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pVal);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
  else if( op==TK_BLOB ){
    int nVal;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
    assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='x' || pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='X' );
    assert( pExpr->u.zToken[1]=='\'' );
    pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
    if( !pVal ) goto no_mem;
    zVal = &pExpr->u.zToken[2];
    nVal = sqlite3Strlen30(zVal)-1;
    assert( zVal[nVal]=='\'' );
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pVal, sqlite3HexToBlob(db, zVal, nVal), nVal/2,
                         0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
  }
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
  else if( op==TK_FUNCTION && pCtx!=0 ){
    rc = valueFromFunction(db, pExpr, enc, affinity, &pVal, pCtx);
  }
#endif
  else if( op==TK_TRUEFALSE ){
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
    pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
    if( pVal ){
      pVal->flags = MEM_Int;
      pVal->u.i = pExpr->u.zToken[4]==0;
    }
  }

** Translate the P4.pExpr value for an OP_CursorHint opcode into text
** that can be displayed in the P4 column of EXPLAIN output.
*/
static void displayP4Expr(StrAccum *p, Expr *pExpr){
  const char *zOp = 0;
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_STRING:
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3_str_appendf(p, "%Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    case TK_INTEGER:
      sqlite3_str_appendf(p, "%d", pExpr->u.iValue);
      break;
    case TK_NULL:
      sqlite3_str_appendf(p, "NULL");

      ** sqlite3MemRelease() were called from here. With -O2, this jumps
      ** to 6.6 percent. The test case is inserting 1000 rows into a table
      ** with no indexes using a single prepared INSERT statement, bind()
      ** and reset(). Inserts are grouped into a transaction.
      */
      testcase( p->flags & MEM_Agg );
      testcase( p->flags & MEM_Dyn );

      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn) ){
        testcase( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)!=0 && p->xDel==sqlite3VdbeFrameMemDel );
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
      }else if( p->szMalloc ){
        sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p->zMalloc);
        p->szMalloc = 0;
      }

      p->flags = MEM_Undefined;

/**************************** sqlite3_result_  *******************************
** The following routines are used by user-defined functions to specify
** the function result.
**
** The setStrOrError() function calls sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr() to store the
** result as a string or blob.  Appropriate errors are set if the string/blob
** is too big or if an OOM occurs.
**
** The invokeValueDestructor(P,X) routine invokes destructor function X()
** on value P is not going to be used and need to be destroyed.
*/
static void setResultStrOrError(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,  /* Function context */
  const char *z,          /* String pointer */
  int n,                  /* Bytes in string, or negative */
  u8 enc,                 /* Encoding of z.  0 for BLOBs */
  void (*xDel)(void*)     /* Destructor function */
){
  int rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, z, n, enc, xDel);
  if( rc ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG ){
      sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
    }else{
      /* The only errors possible from sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr are
      ** SQLITE_TOOBIG and SQLITE_NOMEM */
      assert( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
    }
  }
}
static int invokeValueDestructor(
  const void *p,             /* Value to destroy */
  void (*xDel)(void*),       /* The destructor */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx      /* Set a SQLITE_TOOBIG error if no NULL */
){

    assert( pOp->p2==0 ); /* Only used when number of columns is zero */
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenEphemeral );
    assert( aMem[pOp->p3].flags & MEM_Null );
    aMem[pOp->p3].n = 0;
    aMem[pOp->p3].z = "";
  }
  pCx = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pCx && !pCx->hasBeenDuped &&  ALWAYS(pOp->p2<=pCx->nField) ){
    /* If the ephermeral table is already open and has no duplicates from
    ** OP_OpenDup, then erase all existing content so that the table is
    ** empty again, rather than creating a new table. */
    assert( pCx->isEphemeral );
    pCx->seqCount = 0;
    pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(pCx->pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, 0);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
      if( db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
        /* Check that the column is not part of an FK child key definition. It
        ** is not necessary to check if it is part of a parent key, as parent
        ** key columns must be indexed. The check below will pick up this
        ** case.  */
        FKey *pFKey;
        assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
        for(pFKey=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
          int j;
          for(j=0; j<pFKey->nCol; j++){
            if( pFKey->aCol[j].iFrom==iCol ){
              zFault = "foreign key";
            }
          }

    if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
      assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 || pExpr->pRight==0 );
      if( pExpr->pLeft && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
      if( pExpr->pRight ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) );
        pExpr = pExpr->pRight;
        continue;
      }else if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) );
        if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
      }else{
        if( pExpr->x.pList ){
          if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
        }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC

  pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
    pDup = 0;
  }else{
    incrAggFunctionDepth(pDup, nSubquery);
    if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      pDup = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pDup, pExpr->u.zToken);
    }

    /* Before calling sqlite3ExprDelete(), set the EP_Static flag. This
    ** prevents ExprDelete() from deleting the Expr structure itself,
    ** allowing it to be repopulated by the memcpy() on the following line.
    ** The pExpr->u.zToken might point into memory that will be freed by the

** return the appropriate colUsed mask.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr *pExpr){
  int n;
  Table *pExTab;

  n = pExpr->iColumn;
  assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
  pExTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
  assert( pExTab!=0 );
  if( (pExTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0
   && (pExTab->aCol[n].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0
  ){
    testcase( pExTab->nCol==BMS-1 );
    testcase( pExTab->nCol==BMS );

        }
        if( zTab ){
          const char *zTabName = pItem->zAlias ? pItem->zAlias : pTab->zName;
          assert( zTabName!=0 );
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTabName, zTab)!=0 ){
            continue;
          }
          assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pItem->zAlias ){
            sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
          }
        }
        hCol = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
        for(j=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pCol++){
          if( pCol->hName==hCol

        if( 0==cnt && VisibleRowid(pTab) ){
          cntTab++;
          pMatch = pItem;
        }
      }
      if( pMatch ){
        pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        pExpr->y.pTab = pMatch->pTab;
        /* RIGHT JOIN not (yet) supported */
        assert( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 );
        if( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->y.pTab->pSchema;

        }
        if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
          cnt++;
          pMatch = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
          if( pExpr->iTable==EXCLUDED_TABLE_NUMBER ){
            testcase( iCol==(-1) );
            assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
            if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
              pExpr->iColumn = iCol;
              pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
              eNewExprOp = TK_COLUMN;
            }else{
              pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.pUpsert->regData +
                 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol);
              eNewExprOp = TK_REGISTER;
            }
          }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT */
          {
            assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
            pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
            if( pParse->bReturning ){
              eNewExprOp = TK_REGISTER;
              pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.iBaseReg + (pTab->nCol+1)*pExpr->iTable +
                 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol) + 1;
            }else{
              pExpr->iColumn = (i16)iCol;

      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
        char *zAs = pEList->a[j].zEName;
        if( pEList->a[j].eEName==ENAME_NAME
         && sqlite3_stricmp(zAs, zCol)==0
        ){
          Expr *pOrig;
          assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
          assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr)==0 || pExpr->x.pList==0 );
          assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr)==0 || pExpr->x.pSelect==0 );
          pOrig = pEList->a[j].pExpr;
          if( (pNC->ncFlags&NC_AllowAgg)==0 && ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_Agg) ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aliased aggregate %s", zAs);
            return WRC_Abort;
          }
          if( ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_Win)
           && ((pNC->ncFlags&NC_AllowWin)==0 || pNC!=pTopNC )

      */
      sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING,
        "double-quoted string literal: \"%w\"", zCol);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
      sqlite3VdbeAddDblquoteStr(db, pParse->pVdbe, zCol);
#endif
      pExpr->op = TK_STRING;
      memset(&pExpr->y, 0, sizeof(pExpr->y));
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(pExpr) ){
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
  }

** Allocate and return a pointer to an expression to load the column iCol
** from datasource iSrc in SrcList pSrc.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pSrc, int iSrc, int iCol){
  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
  if( p ){
    SrcItem *pItem = &pSrc->a[iSrc];
    Table *pTab;
    assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
    pTab = p->y.pTab = pItem->pTab;
    p->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
    if( p->y.pTab->iPKey==iCol ){
      p->iColumn = -1;
    }else{
      p->iColumn = (ynVar)iCol;
      if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0
       && (pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0

** Expression p should encode a floating point value between 1.0 and 0.0.
** Return 1024 times this value.  Or return -1 if p is not a floating point
** value between 1.0 and 0.0.
*/
static int exprProbability(Expr *p){
  double r = -1.0;
  if( p->op!=TK_FLOAT ) return -1;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) );
  sqlite3AtoF(p->u.zToken, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken), SQLITE_UTF8);
  assert( r>=0.0 );
  if( r>1.0 ) return -1;
  return (int)(r*134217728.0);
}

/*

    */
    case TK_ROW: {
      SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
      SrcItem *pItem;
      assert( pSrcList && pSrcList->nSrc>=1 );
      pItem = pSrcList->a;
      pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
      assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
      pExpr->y.pTab = pItem->pTab;
      pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
      pExpr->iColumn--;
      pExpr->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      break;
    }

      int i;
      for(i=0, p=pNC; p && i<ArraySize(anRef); p=p->pNext, i++){
        anRef[i] = p->nRef;
      }
      sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft);
      if( 0==sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr->pLeft) && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
        testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) );
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        if( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL ){
          pExpr->u.zToken = "true";
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_IsTrue);
        }else{
          pExpr->u.zToken = "false";
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_IsFalse);
        }

      const char *zTable;
      const char *zDb;
      Expr *pRight;

      if( pExpr->op==TK_ID ){
        zDb = 0;
        zTable = 0;
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        zColumn = pExpr->u.zToken;
      }else{
        Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
        sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "the \".\" operator",
                               NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol, 0);
        pRight = pExpr->pRight;
        if( pRight->op==TK_ID ){
          zDb = 0;
        }else{
          assert( pRight->op==TK_DOT );
          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pRight, EP_IntValue) );
          zDb = pLeft->u.zToken;
          pLeft = pRight->pLeft;
          pRight = pRight->pRight;
        }
        assert( ExprUseUToken(pLeft) && ExprUseUToken(pRight) );
        zTable = pLeft->u.zToken;
        zColumn = pRight->u.zToken;
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
          sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)pExpr, (void*)pRight);
          sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab, (void*)pLeft);
        }
      }
      return lookupName(pParse, zDb, zTable, zColumn, pNC, pExpr);
    }

      const char *zId;            /* The function name. */
      FuncDef *pDef;              /* Information about the function */
      u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);   /* The database encoding */
      int savedAllowFlags = (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_AllowAgg | NC_AllowWin));
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      Window *pWin = (IsWindowFunc(pExpr) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0);
#endif
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_IntValue) );
      zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
      nId = sqlite3Strlen30(zId);
      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, n, enc, 0);
      if( pDef==0 ){
        pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, -2, enc, 0);
        if( pDef==0 ){
          no_such_func = 1;

      }
#endif
      sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pList);
      if( is_agg ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
        if( pWin ){
          Select *pSel = pNC->pWinSelect;
          assert( pWin==0 || (ExprUseYWin(pExpr) && pWin==pExpr->y.pWin) );
          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT==0 ){
            sqlite3WindowUpdate(pParse, pSel ? pSel->pWinDefn : 0, pWin, pDef);
            if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) break;
          }
          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pPartition);
          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pOrderBy);
          sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pWin->pFilter);

    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_SELECT:
    case TK_EXISTS:  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
#endif
    case TK_IN: {
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IN );
      if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        int nRef = pNC->nRef;
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
        if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef ){
          notValidImpl(pParse, pNC, "subqueries", pExpr);

    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE: {
      int nLeft, nRight;
      if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) break;
      assert( pExpr->pLeft!=0 );
      nLeft = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft);
      if( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN ){
        assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
        nRight = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
        if( nRight==nLeft ){
          nRight = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr);
        }
      }else{
        assert( pExpr->pRight!=0 );
        nRight = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pRight);

  Expr *pE           /* Expression we are trying to match */
){
  int i;             /* Loop counter */

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pParse);

  if( pE->op==TK_ID ){
    const char *zCol;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_IntValue) );
    zCol = pE->u.zToken;
    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
      if( pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME
       && sqlite3_stricmp(pEList->a[i].zEName, zCol)==0
      ){
        return i+1;
      }
    }

         || pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW
         || (pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) );
    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
    assert( pExpr!=0 );
  }
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
  if( op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ){
    assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
    if( pExpr->y.pTab ){
      return sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
    }
  }
  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect!=0 );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList!=0 );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr!=0 );
    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
  if( op==TK_CAST ){
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
    return sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
  }
#endif
  if( op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
    assert( pExpr->pLeft!=0 && ExprUseXSelect(pExpr->pLeft) );
    assert( pExpr->iColumn < pExpr->iTable );
    assert( pExpr->iTable==pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr );
    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(
        pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr
    );
  }
  if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
  }
  return pExpr->affExpr;
}

/*
** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating

** Skip over any TK_COLLATE operators and/or any unlikely()
** or likelihood() or likely() functions at the root of an
** expression.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr *pExpr){
  while( pExpr && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_Unlikely) ){
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely) ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr>0 );
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
      pExpr = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
    }else{
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
      pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
    }

SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  const Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( p ){
    int op = p->op;
    if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
    if( op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_TRIGGER ){
      assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
      if( p->y.pTab!=0 ){

        /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->y.pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
        ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
        int j = p->iColumn;
        if( j>=0 ){
          const char *zColl = sqlite3ColumnColl(&p->y.pTab->aCol[j]);
          pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    if( op==TK_CAST || op==TK_UPLUS ){
      p = p->pLeft;
      continue;
    }
    if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      p = p->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      continue;
    }
    if( op==TK_COLLATE ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) );
      pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), 0, p->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
    if( p->flags & EP_Collate ){
      if( p->pLeft && (p->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate)!=0 ){
        p = p->pLeft;
      }else{
        Expr *pNext  = p->pRight;
        /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
        assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
        assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
        if( p->x.pList!=0 && !db->mallocFailed ){



          int i;
          for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<p->x.pList->nExpr); i++){
            if( ExprHasProperty(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, EP_Collate) ){
              pNext = p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
              break;
            }
          }

  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_IN || pExpr->op==TK_LT ||
          pExpr->op==TK_GT || pExpr->op==TK_GE || pExpr->op==TK_LE ||
          pExpr->op==TK_NE || pExpr->op==TK_IS || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT );
  assert( pExpr->pLeft );
  aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  if( pExpr->pRight ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->pRight, aff);
  }else if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr, aff);
  }else if( aff==0 ){
    aff = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
  }
  return aff;
}

** is a sub-select, return the number of columns in the sub-select. For
** any other type of expression, return 1.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(const Expr *pExpr){
  u8 op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
  if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    return pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
  }else if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
    return pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
  }else{
    return 1;
  }
}

/*

** been positioned.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr *pVector, int i){
  assert( i<sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pVector) || pVector->op==TK_ERROR );
  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pVector) ){
    assert( pVector->op2==0 || pVector->op==TK_REGISTER );
    if( pVector->op==TK_SELECT || pVector->op2==TK_SELECT ){
      assert( ExprUseXSelect(pVector) );
      return pVector->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
    }else{
      assert( ExprUseXList(pVector) );
      return pVector->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    }
  }
  return pVector;
}

/*

  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  Expr *pVector,       /* The vector.  List of expressions or a sub-SELECT */
  int iField,          /* Which column of the vector to return */
  int nField           /* Total number of columns in the vector */
){
  Expr *pRet;
  if( pVector->op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pVector) );
    /* The TK_SELECT_COLUMN Expr node:
    **
    ** pLeft:           pVector containing TK_SELECT.  Not deleted.
    ** pRight:          not used.  But recursively deleted.
    ** iColumn:         Index of a column in pVector
    ** iTable:          0 or the number of columns on the LHS of an assignment
    ** pLeft->iTable:   First in an array of register holding result, or 0

    if( pRet ){
      pRet->iTable = nField;
      pRet->iColumn = iField;
      pRet->pLeft = pVector;
    }
  }else{
    if( pVector->op==TK_VECTOR ){
      Expr **ppVector;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pVector) );
      ppVector = &pVector->x.pList->a[iField].pExpr;
      pVector = *ppVector;
      if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
        /* This must be a vector UPDATE inside a trigger */
        *ppVector = 0;
        return pVector;
      }
    }

  u8 op = pVector->op;
  assert( op==TK_VECTOR || op==TK_REGISTER || op==TK_SELECT || op==TK_ERROR );
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ){
    *ppExpr = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pVector, iField);
    return pVector->iTable+iField;
  }
  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pVector) );
    *ppExpr = pVector->x.pSelect->pEList->a[iField].pExpr;
     return regSelect+iField;
  }
  if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
    assert( ExprUseXList(pVector) );
    *ppExpr = pVector->x.pList->a[iField].pExpr;
    return sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, *ppExpr, pRegFree);
  }
  return 0;
}

/*

** Also propagate EP_Propagate flags up from Expr.x.pList to Expr.flags,
** if appropriate.
*/
static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
  if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
  }else if( p->x.pList ){
    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
}

#else /* ABOVE:  Height enforcement enabled.  BELOW: Height enforcement off */
/*
** Propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
** Expr.flags.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  if( p && ExprUseXList(p) && p->x.pList ){
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
}
#define exprSetHeight(y)
#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0 */

/*

SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3ExprListToValues(Parse *pParse, int nElem, ExprList *pEList){
  int ii;
  Select *pRet = 0;
  assert( nElem>1 );
  for(ii=0; ii<pEList->nExpr; ii++){
    Select *pSel;
    Expr *pExpr = pEList->a[ii].pExpr;
    int nExprElem;
    if( pExpr->op==TK_VECTOR ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      nExprElem = pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
    }else{
      nExprElem = 1;
    }
    if( nExprElem!=nElem ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "IN(...) element has %d term%s - expected %d",
          nExprElem, nExprElem>1?"s":"", nElem
      );
      break;
    }
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, SF_Values,0);
    pExpr->x.pList = 0;
    if( pSel ){
      if( pRet ){
        pSel->op = TK_ALL;
        pSel->pPrior = pRet;
      }

   && pList->nExpr > pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]
   && !pParse->nested
  ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", pToken);
  }
  pNew->x.pList = pList;
  ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_HasFunc);
  assert( ExprUseXList(pNew) );
  sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pNew);
  if( eDistinct==SF_Distinct ) ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_Distinct);
  return pNew;
}

/*
** Check to see if a function is usable according to current access

}

/*
** Recursively delete an expression tree.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  assert( p!=0 );

  assert( !ExprUseUValue(p) || p->u.iValue>=0 );
  assert( !ExprUseYWin(p) || !ExprUseYSub(p) );
  assert( !ExprUseYWin(p) || p->y.pWin!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
  assert( p->op!=TK_FUNCTION || !ExprUseYSub(p) );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Leaf) && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
    assert( p->pLeft==0 );
    assert( p->pRight==0 );
    assert( !ExprUseXSelect(p) || p->x.pSelect==0 );
    assert( !ExprUseXList(p) || p->x.pList==0 );
  }
#endif
  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, (EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
    /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
    assert( (ExprUseXList(p) && p->x.pList==0) || p->pRight==0 );
    if( p->pLeft && p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pLeft);
    if( p->pRight ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) );
      sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pRight);
    }else if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) );
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) ){
        sqlite3WindowDelete(db, p->y.pWin);
      }
#endif
    }
  }
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_MemToken) ){
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) );
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.zToken);
  }
  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Static) ){
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
  }
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  if( p ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p);
}

    if( nToken ){
      char *zToken = pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&zAlloc[nNewSize];
      memcpy(zToken, p->u.zToken, nToken);
    }

    if( 0==((p->flags|pNew->flags) & (EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
      /* Fill in the pNew->x.pSelect or pNew->x.pList member. */
      if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
        pNew->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->x.pSelect, dupFlags);
      }else{
        pNew->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->x.pList, dupFlags);
      }
    }

    /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */

** If the input expression is an ID with the name "true" or "false"
** then convert it into an TK_TRUEFALSE term.  Return non-zero if
** the conversion happened, and zero if the expression is unaltered.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr *pExpr){
  u32 v;
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_ID || pExpr->op==TK_STRING );
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Quoted|EP_IntValue)
   && (v = sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(pExpr->u.zToken))!=0
  ){
    pExpr->op = TK_TRUEFALSE;
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, v);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** The argument must be a TK_TRUEFALSE Expr node.  Return 1 if it is TRUE
** and 0 if it is FALSE.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr *pExpr){
  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate((Expr*)pExpr);
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_TRUEFALSE );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
  assert( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"true")==0
       || sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"false")==0 );
  return pExpr->u.zToken[4]==0;
}

/*
** If pExpr is an AND or OR expression, try to simplify it by eliminating

      if( sqlite3IsBinary(pColl) ){
        return WRC_Prune;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Check if pExpr is a sub-select. If so, consider it variable. */
  if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
    pWalker->eCode = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }

  return exprNodeIsConstant(pWalker, pExpr);
}

  switch( op ){
    case TK_INTEGER:
    case TK_STRING:
    case TK_FLOAT:
    case TK_BLOB:
      return 0;
    case TK_COLUMN:
      assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
      return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
             p->y.pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
             (p->iColumn>=0
              && ALWAYS(p->y.pTab->aCol!=0) /* Defense against OOM problems */
              && p->y.pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
    default:
      return 1;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
static Select *isCandidateForInOpt(const Expr *pX){
  Select *p;
  SrcList *pSrc;
  ExprList *pEList;
  Table *pTab;
  int i;
  if( !ExprUseXSelect(pX) ) return 0;                 /* Not a subquery */
  if( ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_VarSelect)  ) return 0;  /* Correlated subq */
  p = pX->x.pSelect;
  if( p->pPrior ) return 0;              /* Not a compound SELECT */
  if( p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate) ){
    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
    return 0; /* No DISTINCT keyword and no aggregate functions */

  mustBeUnique = (inFlags & IN_INDEX_LOOP)!=0;

  /* If the RHS of this IN(...) operator is a SELECT, and if it matters
  ** whether or not the SELECT result contains NULL values, check whether
  ** or not NULL is actually possible (it may not be, for example, due
  ** to NOT NULL constraints in the schema). If no NULL values are possible,
  ** set prRhsHasNull to 0 before continuing.  */
  if( prRhsHasNull && ExprUseXSelect(pX) ){
    int i;
    ExprList *pEList = pX->x.pSelect->pEList;
    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
      if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pEList->a[i].pExpr) ) break;
    }
    if( i==pEList->nExpr ){
      prRhsHasNull = 0;

  ** and the RHS of the IN operator is a list, not a subquery
  ** and the RHS is not constant or has two or fewer terms,
  ** then it is not worth creating an ephemeral table to evaluate
  ** the IN operator so return IN_INDEX_NOOP.
  */
  if( eType==0
   && (inFlags & IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK)
   && ExprUseXList(pX)
   && (!sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(pX) || pX->x.pList->nExpr<=2)
  ){
    eType = IN_INDEX_NOOP;
  }

  if( eType==0 ){
    /* Could not find an existing table or index to use as the RHS b-tree.

**
** It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that the returned
** string is eventually freed using sqlite3DbFree().
*/
static char *exprINAffinity(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr){
  Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
  int nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);
  Select *pSelect = ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ? pExpr->x.pSelect : 0;
  char *zRet;

  assert( pExpr->op==TK_IN );
  zRet = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, nVal+1);
  if( zRet ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){

**
** Or, if it is a regular scalar vector:
**
**   "row value misused"
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
    sqlite3SubselectError(pParse, pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr, 1);
  }else
#endif
  {
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
  }
}

  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) && pParse->iSelfTab==0 ){
    /* Reuse of the RHS is allowed */
    /* If this routine has already been coded, but the previous code
    ** might not have been invoked yet, so invoke it now as a subroutine.
    */
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn) ){
      addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
      if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "REUSE LIST SUBQUERY %d",
              pExpr->x.pSelect->selId));
      }
      assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
                        pExpr->y.sub.iAddr);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, iTab, pExpr->iTable);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
      return;
    }

    /* Begin coding the subroutine */
    assert( !ExprUseYWin(pExpr) );
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    pExpr->y.sub.regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
    pExpr->y.sub.iAddr =
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn) + 1;
    VdbeComment((v, "return address"));

    addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }

  /* Check to see if this is a vector IN operator */
  pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
  nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);

  /* Construct the ephemeral table that will contain the content of
  ** RHS of the IN operator.
  */
  pExpr->iTable = iTab;
  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pExpr->iTable, nVal);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
  if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
    VdbeComment((v, "Result of SELECT %u", pExpr->x.pSelect->selId));
  }else{
    VdbeComment((v, "RHS of IN operator"));
  }
#endif
  pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(pParse->db, nVal, 1);

  if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
    /* Case 1:     expr IN (SELECT ...)
    **
    ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
    ** table allocated and opened above.
    */
    Select *pSelect = pExpr->x.pSelect;
    ExprList *pEList = pSelect->pEList;

  }
  if( pKeyInfo ){
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (void *)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
  }
  if( addrOnce ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    /* Subroutine return */
    assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1);
    sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
  }
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );
  if( pParse->nErr ) return 0;
  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
  assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
  pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;

  /* If this routine has already been coded, then invoke it as a
  ** subroutine. */
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn) ){
    ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "REUSE SUBQUERY %d", pSel->selId));
    assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
                      pExpr->y.sub.iAddr);
    return pExpr->iTable;
  }

  /* Begin coding the subroutine */
  assert( !ExprUseYWin(pExpr) );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) );
  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
  pExpr->y.sub.regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
  pExpr->y.sub.iAddr =
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn) + 1;
  VdbeComment((v, "return address"));

  pExpr->iTable = rReg = dest.iSDParm;
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
  if( addrOnce ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
  }

  /* Subroutine return */
  assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1);
  sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
  return rReg;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** Expr pIn is an IN(...) expression. This function checks that the
** sub-select on the RHS of the IN() operator has the same number of
** columns as the vector on the LHS. Or, if the RHS of the IN() is not
** a sub-query, that the LHS is a vector of size 1.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse *pParse, Expr *pIn){
  int nVector = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pIn->pLeft);
  if( ExprUseXSelect(pIn) && !pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
    if( nVector!=pIn->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr ){
      sqlite3SubselectError(pParse, pIn->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr, nVector);
      return 1;
    }
  }else if( nVector!=1 ){
    sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(pParse, pIn->pLeft);
    return 1;

  /* If sqlite3FindInIndex() did not find or create an index that is
  ** suitable for evaluating the IN operator, then evaluate using a
  ** sequence of comparisons.
  **
  ** This is step (1) in the in-operator.md optimized algorithm.
  */
  if( eType==IN_INDEX_NOOP ){
    ExprList *pList;
    CollSeq *pColl;
    int labelOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
    int r2, regToFree;
    int regCkNull = 0;
    int ii;
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    pList = pExpr->x.pList;
    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
    if( destIfNull!=destIfFalse ){
      regCkNull = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_BitAnd, rLhs, rLhs, regCkNull);
    }
    for(ii=0; ii<pList->nExpr; ii++){
      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pList->a[ii].pExpr, &regToFree);
      if( regCkNull && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pList->a[ii].pExpr) ){

#else
      iResult = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p);
#endif
    }else{
      int i;
      iResult = pParse->nMem+1;
      pParse->nMem += nResult;
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      for(i=0; i<nResult; i++){
        sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, i+iResult);
      }
    }
  }
  return iResult;
}

        ** constraints, and that constant is coded by the pExpr->pLeft
        ** expresssion.  However, make sure the constant has the correct
        ** datatype by applying the Affinity of the table column to the
        ** constant.
        */
        int aff;
        iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,target);
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        if( pExpr->y.pTab ){
          aff = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
        }else{
          aff = pExpr->affExpr;
        }
        if( aff>SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
          static const char zAff[] = "B\000C\000D\000E";

          /* Other columns in the same row for CHECK constraints or
          ** generated columns or for inserting into partial index.
          ** The row is unpacked into registers beginning at
          ** 0-(pParse->iSelfTab).  The rowid (if any) is in a register
          ** immediately prior to the first column.
          */
          Column *pCol;
          Table *pTab;
          int iSrc;
          int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
          assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
          pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
          assert( pTab!=0 );
          assert( iCol>=XN_ROWID );
          assert( iCol<pTab->nCol );
          if( iCol<0 ){
            return -1-pParse->iSelfTab;
          }
          pCol = pTab->aCol + iCol;

          }
        }else{
          /* Coding an expression that is part of an index where column names
          ** in the index refer to the table to which the index belongs */
          iTab = pParse->iSelfTab - 1;
        }
      }
      assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
      iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->y.pTab,
                               pExpr->iColumn, iTab, target,
                               pExpr->op2);
      if( pExpr->y.pTab==0 && pExpr->affExpr==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, iReg);
      }
      return iReg;

    case TK_CAST: {
      /* Expressions of the form:   CAST(pLeft AS token) */
      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
      if( inReg!=target ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, inReg, target);
        inReg = target;
      }
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Cast, target,
                        sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken, 0));
      return inReg;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_IS:
    case TK_ISNOT:

#endif

      if( ConstFactorOk(pParse) && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr) ){
        /* SQL functions can be expensive. So try to avoid running them
        ** multiple times if we know they always give the same result */
        return sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
      }
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
      nFarg = pFarg ? pFarg->nExpr : 0;
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zId, nFarg, enc, 0);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
      if( pDef==0 && pParse->explain ){

    case TK_EXISTS:
    case TK_SELECT: {
      int nCol;
      testcase( op==TK_EXISTS );
      testcase( op==TK_SELECT );
      if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
        return 0;
      }else if( op==TK_SELECT
             && ALWAYS( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) )
             && (nCol = pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr)!=1
      ){
        sqlite3SubselectError(pParse, nCol, 1);
      }else{
        return sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_SELECT_COLUMN: {

      **
      ** Then p1 is interpreted as follows:
      **
      **   p1==0   ->    old.rowid     p1==3   ->    new.rowid
      **   p1==1   ->    old.a         p1==4   ->    new.a
      **   p1==2   ->    old.b         p1==5   ->    new.b
      */
      Table *pTab;
      int iCol;
      int p1;

      assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
      pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
      iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
      p1 = pExpr->iTable * (pTab->nCol+1) + 1
                     + sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol);

      assert( pExpr->iTable==0 || pExpr->iTable==1 );
      assert( iCol>=-1 && iCol<pTab->nCol );
      assert( pTab->iPKey<0 || iCol!=pTab->iPKey );
      assert( p1>=0 && p1<(pTab->nCol*2+2) );

      struct ExprList_item *aListelem;  /* Array of WHEN terms */
      Expr opCompare;                   /* The X==Ei expression */
      Expr *pX;                         /* The X expression */
      Expr *pTest = 0;                  /* X==Ei (form A) or just Ei (form B) */
      Expr *pDel = 0;
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) && pExpr->x.pList!=0 );
      assert(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr > 0);
      pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
      aListelem = pEList->a;
      nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
      if( (pX = pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
        pDel = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);

  Expr *pDel = 0;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  memset(&compLeft, 0, sizeof(Expr));
  memset(&compRight, 0, sizeof(Expr));
  memset(&exprAnd, 0, sizeof(Expr));

  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
  pDel = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
    exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
    exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
    exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
    compLeft.op = TK_GE;
    compLeft.pLeft = pDel;

      return 1;
    }
    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA,pB->pLeft,iTab)<2 ){
      return 1;
    }
    return 2;
  }
  if( pA->op!=TK_COLUMN
   && pA->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN
   && ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_IntValue))
   && pA->u.zToken
  ){
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_IntValue) );
    if( pA->op==TK_FUNCTION || pA->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ) return 2;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      assert( pA->op==pB->op );
      if( ExprHasProperty(pA,EP_WinFunc)!=ExprHasProperty(pB,EP_WinFunc) ){
        return 2;
      }

  assert( pNN );
  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, p, pNN, iTab)==0 ){
    return pNN->op!=TK_NULL;
  }
  switch( p->op ){
    case TK_IN: {
      if( seenNot && ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ) return 0;

      assert( ExprUseXSelect(p) || (p->x.pList!=0 && p->x.pList->nExpr>0) );
      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, 1);
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      ExprList *pList;
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      pList = p->x.pList;
      assert( pList!=0 );
      assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
      if( seenNot ) return 0;
      if( exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, pList->a[0].pExpr, pNN, iTab, 1)
       || exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, pList->a[1].pExpr, pNN, iTab, 1)
      ){
        return 1;

      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_NE );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_LT );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_LE );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GT );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GE );
      /* The y.pTab=0 assignment in wherecode.c always happens after the
      ** impliesNotNullRow() test */
      assert( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pLeft) );
      assert( pRight->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pRight) );
      if( (pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
           && pLeft->y.pTab!=0
           && IsVirtual(pLeft->y.pTab))
       || (pRight->op==TK_COLUMN
           && pRight->y.pTab!=0
           && IsVirtual(pRight->y.pTab))
      ){
        return WRC_Prune;
      }
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    default:
      return WRC_Continue;

  w.xExprCallback = exprSrcCount;
  w.xSelectCallback = selectSrcCount;
  w.u.pSrcCount = &cnt;
  cnt.pSrc = pSrcList;
  cnt.iSrcInner = (pSrcList&&pSrcList->nSrc)?pSrcList->a[0].iCursor:0x7FFFFFFF;
  cnt.nThis = 0;
  cnt.nOther = 0;
  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
  sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pExpr->x.pList);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
    sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
  }
#endif
  return cnt.nThis>0 || cnt.nOther==0;

                break;
              }
            }
            if( (k>=pAggInfo->nColumn)
             && (k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo))>=0
            ){
              pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[k];
              assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
              pCol->pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
              pCol->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
              pCol->iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
              pCol->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
              pCol->iSorterColumn = -1;
              pCol->pCExpr = pExpr;
              if( pAggInfo->pGroupBy ){

          u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
          i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
          if( i>=0 ){
            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
            pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
            pItem->pFExpr = pExpr;
            pItem->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
            assert( ExprUseUToken(pExpr) );
            pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
                   pExpr->u.zToken,
                   pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
            if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
              pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
            }else{
              pItem->iDistinct = -1;

    ** literal NULL, then set pDflt to 0. This simplifies checking
    ** for an SQL NULL default below.
    */
    assert( pDflt==0 || pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
    if( pDflt && pDflt->pLeft->op==TK_NULL ){
      pDflt = 0;
    }
    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pNew) );
    if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && pNew->u.tab.pFKey && pDflt ){
      sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
          "Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value");
    }
    if( pCol->notNull && !pDflt ){
      sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
          "Cannot add a NOT NULL column with default value NULL");

  if( zCol ){
    char *zEnd = &zCol[pColDef->n-1];
    while( zEnd>zCol && (*zEnd==';' || sqlite3Isspace(*zEnd)) ){
      *zEnd-- = '\0';
    }
    /* substr() operations on characters, but addColOffset is in bytes. So we
    ** have to use printf() to translate between these units: */
    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pNew) );
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
          "sql = printf('%%.%ds, ',sql) || %Q"
          " || substr(sql,1+length(printf('%%.%ds',sql))) "
        "WHERE type = 'table' AND name = %Q",
      zDb, pNew->u.tab.addColOffset, zCol, pNew->u.tab.addColOffset,
      zTab

    goto exit_begin_add_column;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ){
    goto exit_begin_add_column;
  }

  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
  assert( pTab->u.tab.addColOffset>0 );
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);

  /* Put a copy of the Table struct in Parse.pNewTable for the
  ** sqlite3AddColumn() function and friends to modify.  But modify
  ** the name by adding an "sqlite_altertab_" prefix.  By adding this
  ** prefix, we insure that the name will not collide with an existing

  }
  memcpy(pNew->aCol, pTab->aCol, sizeof(Column)*pNew->nCol);
  for(i=0; i<pNew->nCol; i++){
    Column *pCol = &pNew->aCol[i];
    pCol->zCnName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pCol->zCnName);
    pCol->hName = sqlite3StrIHash(pCol->zCnName);
  }
  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pNew) );
  pNew->u.tab.pDfltList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTab->u.tab.pDfltList, 0);
  pNew->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
  pNew->u.tab.addColOffset = pTab->u.tab.addColOffset;
  pNew->nTabRef = 1;

exit_begin_add_column:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);

/*
** Walker callback used by sqlite3RenameExprUnmap().
*/
static int renameUnmapExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
  sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (const void*)pExpr);
  if( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) ){
    sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (const void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Iterate through the Select objects that are part of WITH clauses attached
** to select statement pSelect.
*/

/*
** Walker callback used by sqlite3RenameExprUnmap().
*/
static int renameUnmapSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
  int i;
  if( pParse->nErr ) return WRC_Abort;
  testcase( p->selFlags & SF_View );
  testcase( p->selFlags & SF_CopyCte );
  if( p->selFlags & (SF_View|SF_CopyCte) ){
    return WRC_Prune;
  }
  if( ALWAYS(p->pEList) ){
    ExprList *pList = p->pEList;
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      if( pList->a[i].zEName && pList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pList->a[i].zEName);

  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER
   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol
   && pWalker->pParse->pTriggerTab==p->pTab
  ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)pExpr);
  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol
   && ALWAYS(ExprUseYTab(pExpr))
   && p->pTab==pExpr->y.pTab
  ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)pExpr);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

          Expr *pExpr = sqlite3ColumnExpr(sParse.pNewTable,
                                                  &sParse.pNewTable->aCol[i]);
          sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, pExpr);
        }
#endif
      }

      assert( IsOrdinaryTable(sParse.pNewTable) );
      for(pFKey=sParse.pNewTable->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
        for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
          if( bFKOnly==0 && pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom==iCol ){
            renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, (void*)&pFKey->aCol[i]);
          }
          if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->zTo, zTable)
           && 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->aCol[i].zCol, zOld)

}

/*
** Walker expression callback used by "RENAME TABLE".
*/
static int renameTableExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
   && ALWAYS(ExprUseYTab(pExpr))
   && p->pTab==pExpr->y.pTab
  ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Walker select callback used by "RENAME TABLE".

        }else{
          /* Modify any FK definitions to point to the new table. */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
          if( (isLegacy==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys))
           && !IsVirtual(pTab)
          ){
            FKey *pFKey;
            assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
            for(pFKey=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
              if( sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->zTo, zOld)==0 ){
                renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, (void*)pFKey->zTo);
              }
            }
          }
#endif

  pCol = renameTokenFind(&sParse, 0, (void*)pTab->aCol[iCol].zCnName);
  if( iCol<pTab->nCol-1 ){
    RenameToken *pEnd;
    pEnd = renameTokenFind(&sParse, 0, (void*)pTab->aCol[iCol+1].zCnName);
    zEnd = (const char*)pEnd->t.z;
  }else{
    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
    zEnd = (const char*)&zSql[pTab->u.tab.addColOffset];
    while( ALWAYS(pCol->t.z[0]!=0) && pCol->t.z[0]!=',' ) pCol->t.z--;
  }

  zNew = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%.*s%s", pCol->t.z-zSql, zSql, zEnd);
  sqlite3_result_text(context, zNew, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  sqlite3_free(zNew);

#endif

  pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, iMem);
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 || NEVER(pTab==0) ){
    return;
  }
  if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ){
    /* Do not gather statistics on views or virtual tables */
    return;
  }
  if( sqlite3_strlike("sqlite\\_%", pTab->zName, '\\')==0 ){
    /* Do not gather statistics on system tables */
    return;
  }

    goto attach_end;
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  if( pAuthArg ){
    char *zAuthArg;
    if( pAuthArg->op==TK_STRING ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pAuthArg, EP_IntValue) );
      zAuthArg = pAuthArg->u.zToken;
    }else{
      zAuthArg = 0;
    }
    rc = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, type, zAuthArg, 0, 0);
    if(rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      goto attach_end;

  if( v ){
    if( pParse->bReturning ){
      Returning *pReturning = pParse->u1.pReturning;
      int addrRewind;
      int i;
      int reg;

      if( pReturning->nRetCol==0 ){
        assert( CORRUPT_DB );
      }else{
        addrRewind =
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pReturning->iRetCur);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        reg = pReturning->iRetReg;
        for(i=0; i<pReturning->nRetCol; i++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pReturning->iRetCur, i, reg+i);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, reg, i);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pReturning->iRetCur, addrRewind+1);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrRewind);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
    if( pParse->nTableLock>0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
      sqlite3UserAuthInit(db);
      if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_User ){

            sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, iReg);
          }
        }
      }

      if( pParse->bReturning ){
        Returning *pRet = pParse->u1.pReturning;
        if( pRet->nRetCol==0 ){
          assert( CORRUPT_DB );
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pRet->iRetCur, pRet->nRetCol);
        }
      }

      /* Finally, jump back to the beginning of the executable code. */
      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, 1);
    }
  }

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(
  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
  Table *pTab,      /* The table containing the column */
  Column *pCol,     /* The column to receive the new DEFAULT expression */
  Expr *pExpr       /* The new default expression */
){
  ExprList *pList;
  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
  pList = pTab->u.tab.pDfltList;
  if( pCol->iDflt==0
   || NEVER(pList==0)
   || NEVER(pList->nExpr<pCol->iDflt)
  ){
    pCol->iDflt = pList==0 ? 1 : pList->nExpr+1;
    pTab->u.tab.pDfltList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, pExpr);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr);
    pList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr = pExpr;
  }
}

/*
** Return the expression associated with a column.  The expression might be
** the DEFAULT clause or the AS clause of a generated column.
** Return NULL if the column has no associated expression.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table *pTab, Column *pCol){
  if( pCol->iDflt==0 ) return 0;
  if( NEVER(!IsOrdinaryTable(pTab)) ) return 0;
  if( NEVER(pTab->u.tab.pDfltList==0) ) return 0;
  if( NEVER(pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->nExpr<pCol->iDflt) ) return 0;
  return pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr;
}

/*
** Set the collating sequence name for a column.

  assert( pTable!=0 );
  if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
      assert( pCol->zCnName==0 || pCol->hName==sqlite3StrIHash(pCol->zCnName) );
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zCnName);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->aCol);
    if( IsOrdinaryTable(pTable) ){
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTable->u.tab.pDfltList);
    }
    if( db==0 || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
      pTable->aCol = 0;
      pTable->nCol = 0;
      if( IsOrdinaryTable(pTable) ){
        pTable->u.tab.pDfltList = 0;
      }
    }
  }
}

/*

  }else{
    nTerm = pList->nExpr;
    for(i=0; i<nTerm; i++){
      Expr *pCExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[i].pExpr);
      assert( pCExpr!=0 );
      sqlite3StringToId(pCExpr);
      if( pCExpr->op==TK_ID ){
        const char *zCName;
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pCExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        zCName = pCExpr->u.zToken;
        for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(zCName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zCnName)==0 ){
            pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
            makeColumnPartOfPrimaryKey(pParse, pCol);
            break;
          }
        }

/* Return true if column number x is any of the first nCol entries of aiCol[].
** This is used to determine if the column number x appears in any of the
** first nCol entries of an index.
*/
static int hasColumn(const i16 *aiCol, int nCol, int x){
  while( nCol-- > 0 ){

    if( x==*(aiCol++) ){
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

  ** for the table from the db->init.newTnum field.  (The page number
  ** should have been put there by the sqliteOpenCb routine.)
  **
  ** If the root page number is 1, that means this is the sqlite_schema
  ** table itself.  So mark it read-only.
  */
  if( db->init.busy ){
    if( pSelect || (!IsOrdinaryTable(p) && db->init.newTnum) ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "");
      return;
    }
    p->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
    if( p->tnum==1 ) p->tabFlags |= TF_Readonly;
  }

    }
  }
  pFKey = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte );
  if( pFKey==0 ){
    goto fk_end;
  }
  pFKey->pFrom = p;
  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(p) );
  pFKey->pNextFrom = p->u.tab.pFKey;
  z = (char*)&pFKey->aCol[nCol];
  pFKey->zTo = z;
  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
    sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)z, pTo);
  }
  memcpy(z, pTo->z, pTo->n);

    assert( pNextTo->pPrevTo==0 );
    pFKey->pNextTo = pNextTo;
    pNextTo->pPrevTo = pFKey;
  }

  /* Link the foreign key to the table as the last step.
  */
  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(p) );
  p->u.tab.pFKey = pFKey;
  pFKey = 0;

fk_end:
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pFKey);
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) */
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFromCol);

** accordingly.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse *pParse, int isDeferred){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
  Table *pTab;
  FKey *pFKey;
  if( (pTab = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
  if( NEVER(!IsOrdinaryTable(pTab)) ) return;
  if( (pFKey = pTab->u.tab.pFKey)==0 ) return;
  assert( isDeferred==0 || isDeferred==1 ); /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
  pFKey->isDeferred = (u8)isDeferred;
#endif
}

/*

  /* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
  ** specified collation sequence names.
  */
  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
    assert( pExpr!=0 );
    if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      nExtra += (1 + sqlite3Strlen30(pExpr->u.zToken));
    }
  }

  /*
  ** Allocate the index structure.
  */

        }
      }
      pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
    }
    zColl = 0;
    if( pListItem->pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      int nColl;
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pListItem->pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      zColl = pListItem->pExpr->u.zToken;
      nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;
      assert( nExtra>=nColl );
      memcpy(zExtra, zColl, nColl);
      zColl = zExtra;
      zExtra += nColl;
      nExtra -= nColl;

    if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y
      ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
      pItem->fg.notIndexed = 1;
    }else{
      pItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
      pItem->fg.isIndexedBy = 1;
      assert( pItem->fg.isCte==0 );  /* No collision on union u2 */
    }
  }
}

/*
** Append the contents of SrcList p2 to SrcList p1 and return the resulting
** SrcList. Or, if an error occurs, return NULL. In all cases, p1 and p2

*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(
  int h,               /* Hash of the name */
  const char *zFunc    /* Name of function */
){
  FuncDef *p;
  for(p=sqlite3BuiltinFunctions.a[h]; p; p=p->u.pHash){
    assert( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN );
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->zName, zFunc)==0 ){
      return p;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

  int i;
  for(i=0; i<nDef; i++){
    FuncDef *pOther;
    const char *zName = aDef[i].zName;
    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
    int h = SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(zName[0], nName);
    assert( zName[0]>='a' && zName[0]<='z' );
    assert( aDef[i].funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN );
    pOther = sqlite3FunctionSearch(h, zName);
    if( pOther ){
      assert( pOther!=&aDef[i] && pOther->pNext!=&aDef[i] );
      aDef[i].pNext = pOther->pNext;
      pOther->pNext = &aDef[i];
    }else{
      aDef[i].pNext = 0;

  /* duplicate the FROM clause as it is needed by both the DELETE/UPDATE tree
  ** and the SELECT subtree. */
  pSrc->a[0].pTab = 0;
  pSelectSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pSrc, 0);
  pSrc->a[0].pTab = pTab;
  if( pSrc->a[0].fg.isIndexedBy ){
    assert( pSrc->a[0].fg.isCte==0 );
    pSrc->a[0].u2.pIBIndex = 0;
    pSrc->a[0].fg.isIndexedBy = 0;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pSrc->a[0].u1.zIndexedBy);
  }else if( pSrc->a[0].fg.isCte ){
    pSrc->a[0].u2.pCteUse->nUse++;
  }

  assert( argc==1 || argc==2 );
  (void)argc;  /* Suppress unused parameter warning */
  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
  pGCC = (GroupConcatCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(*pGCC));
  /* pGCC is always non-NULL since groupConcatStep() will have always
  ** run frist to initialize it */
  if( ALWAYS(pGCC) ){
    int nVS;
    /* Must call sqlite3_value_text() to convert the argument into text prior
    ** to invoking sqlite3_value_bytes(), in case the text encoding is UTF16 */
    (void)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
    nVS = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
    pGCC->nAccum -= 1;
    if( pGCC->pnSepLengths!=0 ){
      assert(pGCC->nAccum >= 0);
      if( pGCC->nAccum>0 ){
        nVS += *pGCC->pnSepLengths;
        memmove(pGCC->pnSepLengths, pGCC->pnSepLengths+1,
               (pGCC->nAccum-1)*sizeof(int));

** false.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocase, char *aWc){
  FuncDef *pDef;
  int nExpr;
  assert( pExpr!=0 );
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
  if( !pExpr->x.pList ){
    return 0;
  }

  nExpr = pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, nExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
  if( pDef==0 ) return 0;
#endif
  if( NEVER(pDef==0) || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }

  if( nExpr<3 ){
    aWc[3] = 0;
  }else{
    Expr *pEscape = pExpr->x.pList->a[2].pExpr;
    char *zEscape;
    if( pEscape->op!=TK_STRING ) return 0;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pEscape, EP_IntValue) );
    zEscape = pEscape->u.zToken;
    if( zEscape[0]==0 || zEscape[1]!=0 ) return 0;
    if( zEscape[0]==aWc[0] ) return 0;
    if( zEscape[0]==aWc[1] ) return 0;
    aWc[3] = zEscape[0];
  }

    int i;
    FuncDef *p;
    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){
      printf("FUNC-HASH %02d:", i);
      for(p=sqlite3BuiltinFunctions.a[i]; p; p=p->u.pHash){
        int n = sqlite3Strlen30(p->zName);
        int h = p->zName[0] + n;
        assert( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN );
        printf(" %s(%d)", p->zName, h);
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
  }
#endif
}

  sqlite3 *db,      /* The database connection */
  Table *pTab,      /* The table whose column is desired */
  int iCursor,      /* The open cursor on the table */
  i16 iCol          /* The column that is wanted */
){
  Expr *pExpr = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
  if( pExpr ){
    assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
    pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
    pExpr->iTable = iCursor;
    pExpr->iColumn = iCol;
  }
  return pExpr;
}

**
** then the equivalent of "DELETE FROM <tbl>" is executed before dropping
** the table from the database. Triggers are disabled while running this
** DELETE, but foreign key actions are not.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, Table *pTab){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ){
    int iSkip = 0;
    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);

    assert( v );                  /* VDBE has already been allocated */

    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
    if( sqlite3FkReferences(pTab)==0 ){
      /* Search for a deferred foreign key constraint for which this table
      ** is the child table. If one cannot be found, return without
      ** generating any VDBE code. If one can be found, then jump over
      ** the entire DELETE if there are no outstanding deferred constraints
      ** when this statement is run.  */
      FKey *p;

  int isIgnoreErrors = pParse->disableTriggers;

  /* Exactly one of regOld and regNew should be non-zero. */
  assert( (regOld==0)!=(regNew==0) );

  /* If foreign-keys are disabled, this function is a no-op. */
  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys)==0 ) return;
  if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) return;

  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;

  /* Loop through all the foreign key constraints for which pTab is the
  ** child table (the table that the foreign key definition is part of).  */

  for(pFKey=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
    Table *pTo;                   /* Parent table of foreign key pFKey */
    Index *pIdx = 0;              /* Index on key columns in pTo */
    int *aiFree = 0;
    int *aiCol;
    int iCol;
    int i;

** row contained in table pTab.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab                     /* Table being modified */
){
  u32 mask = 0;
  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys && IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ){
    FKey *p;
    int i;

    for(p=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; p; p=p->pNextFrom){
      for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) mask |= COLUMN_MASK(p->aCol[i].iFrom);
    }
    for(p=sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); p; p=p->pNextTo){
      Index *pIdx = 0;
      sqlite3FkLocateIndex(pParse, pTab, p, &pIdx, 0);
      if( pIdx ){

  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being modified */
  int *aChange,                   /* Non-NULL for UPDATE operations */
  int chngRowid                   /* True for UPDATE that affects rowid */
){
  int eRet = 1;                   /* Value to return if bHaveFK is true */
  int bHaveFK = 0;                /* If FK processing is required */
  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys && IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ){
    if( !aChange ){
      /* A DELETE operation. Foreign key processing is required if the
      ** table in question is either the child or parent table for any
      ** foreign key constraint.  */
      bHaveFK = (sqlite3FkReferences(pTab) || pTab->u.tab.pFKey);
    }else{
      /* This is an UPDATE. Foreign key processing is only required if the

** table pTab. Remove the deleted foreign keys from the Schema.fkeyHash
** hash table.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab){
  FKey *pFKey;                    /* Iterator variable */
  FKey *pNext;                    /* Copy of pFKey->pNextFrom */

  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
  for(pFKey=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pNext){
    assert( db==0 || sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pTab->pSchema) );

    /* Remove the FK from the fkeyHash hash table. */
    if( !db || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
      if( pFKey->pPrevTo ){
        pFKey->pPrevTo->pNextTo = pFKey->pNextTo;

    **   (3) There are no secondary indexes on the table
    **   (4) No delete triggers need to be fired if there is a conflict
    **   (5) No FK constraint counters need to be updated if a conflict occurs.
    **
    ** This is not possible for ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK builds, as the row
    ** must be explicitly deleted in order to ensure any pre-update hook
    ** is invoked.  */
    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
    if( (ix==0 && pIdx->pNext==0)                   /* Condition 3 */
     && pPk==pIdx                                   /* Condition 2 */
     && onError==OE_Replace                         /* Condition 1 */
     && ( 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers) ||      /* Condition 4 */
          0==sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0))
     && ( 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) ||      /* Condition 5 */

      return 0;    /* tab2 must be NOT NULL if tab1 is */
    }
    /* Default values for second and subsequent columns need to match. */
    if( (pDestCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 && i>0 ){
      Expr *pDestExpr = sqlite3ColumnExpr(pDest, pDestCol);
      Expr *pSrcExpr = sqlite3ColumnExpr(pSrc, pSrcCol);
      assert( pDestExpr==0 || pDestExpr->op==TK_SPAN );
      assert( pDestExpr==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pDestExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      assert( pSrcExpr==0 || pSrcExpr->op==TK_SPAN );
      assert( pSrcExpr==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pSrcExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      if( (pDestExpr==0)!=(pSrcExpr==0)
       || (pDestExpr!=0 && strcmp(pDestExpr->u.zToken,
                                       pSrcExpr->u.zToken)!=0)
      ){
        return 0;    /* Default values must be the same for all columns */
      }
    }

  /* Disallow the transfer optimization if the destination table constains
  ** any foreign key constraints.  This is more restrictive than necessary.
  ** But the main beneficiary of the transfer optimization is the VACUUM
  ** command, and the VACUUM command disables foreign key constraints.  So
  ** the extra complication to make this rule less restrictive is probably
  ** not worth the effort.  Ticket [6284df89debdfa61db8073e062908af0c9b6118e]
  */
  assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pDest) );
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys)!=0 && pDest->u.tab.pFKey!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
#endif
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0 ){
    return 0;  /* xfer opt does not play well with PRAGMA count_changes */
  }

    pParse->nErr++;
    pParse->rc = rc;
    goto pragma_out;
  }

  /* Locate the pragma in the lookup table */
  pPragma = pragmaLocate(zLeft);
  if( pPragma==0 ){
    /* IMP: R-43042-22504 No error messages are generated if an
    ** unknown pragma is issued. */
    goto pragma_out;
  }

  /* Make sure the database schema is loaded if the pragma requires that */
  if( (pPragma->mPragFlg & PragFlg_NeedSchema)!=0 ){
    if( sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto pragma_out;
  }

  /* Register the result column names for pragmas that return results */

#endif

      if( sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0) ){
        db->flags |= mask;
      }else{
        db->flags &= ~mask;
        if( mask==SQLITE_DeferFKs ) db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
        if( (mask & SQLITE_WriteSchema)!=0
         && sqlite3_stricmp(zRight, "reset")==0
        ){
          /* IMP: R-60817-01178 If the argument is "RESET" then schema
          ** writing is disabled (as with "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF") and,
          ** in addition, the schema is reloaded. */
          sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
        }
      }

      /* Many of the flag-pragmas modify the code generated by the SQL
      ** compiler (eg. count_changes). So add an opcode to expire all
      ** compiled SQL statements after modifying a pragma value.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Expire);

      int nHidden = 0;
      Column *pCol;
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
      pParse->nMem = 7;
      sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab);
      for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
        int isHidden = 0;
        const Expr *pColExpr;
        if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT ){
          if( pPragma->iArg==0 ){
            nHidden++;
            continue;
          }
          if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
            isHidden = 2;  /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
          }else if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED ){
            isHidden = 3;  /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
          }else{ assert( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN );
            isHidden = 1;  /* HIDDEN */
          }
        }
        if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)==0 ){
          k = 0;
        }else if( pPk==0 ){
          k = 1;
        }else{
          for(k=1; k<=pTab->nCol && pPk->aiColumn[k-1]!=i; k++){}
        }
        pColExpr = sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab,pCol);
        assert( pColExpr==0 || pColExpr->op==TK_SPAN || isHidden>=2 );
        assert( pColExpr==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pColExpr, EP_IntValue)
                  || isHidden>=2 );
        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, pPragma->iArg ? "issisii" : "issisi",
               i-nHidden,
               pCol->zCnName,
               sqlite3ColumnType(pCol,""),
               pCol->notNull ? 1 : 0,
               (isHidden>=2 || pColExpr==0) ? 0 : pColExpr->u.zToken,

               k,
               isHidden);
      }
    }
  }
  break;

  case PragTyp_TABLE_LIST: {
    int ii;
    pParse->nMem = 6;
    sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(pParse, zDb);
    for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
      HashElem *k;
      Hash *pHash;
      int initNCol;
      if( zDb && sqlite3_stricmp(zDb, db->aDb[ii].zDbSName)!=0 ) continue;

      /* Ensure that the Table.nCol field is initialized for all views
      ** and virtual tables.  Each time we initialize a Table.nCol value
      ** for a table, that can potentially disrupt the hash table, so restart
      ** the initialization scan.
      */
      pHash = &db->aDb[ii].pSchema->tblHash;
      initNCol = sqliteHashCount(pHash);
      while( initNCol-- ){
        for(k=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); 1; k=sqliteHashNext(k) ){
          Table *pTab;
          if( k==0 ){ initNCol = 0; break; }
          pTab = sqliteHashData(k);
          if( pTab->nCol==0 ){
            char *zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "SELECT*FROM\"%w\"", pTab->zName);
            if( zSql ){
              sqlite3_stmt *pDummy = 0;
              (void)sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pDummy, 0);
              (void)sqlite3_finalize(pDummy);
              sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
            }
            pHash = &db->aDb[ii].pSchema->tblHash;
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      for(k=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k) ){
        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(k);
        const char *zType;
        if( zRight && sqlite3_stricmp(zRight, pTab->zName)!=0 ) continue;
        if( IsView(pTab) ){
          zType = "view";
        }else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){

    int i;
    HashElem *j;
    FuncDef *p;
    int showInternFunc = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_InternalFunc)!=0;
    pParse->nMem = 6;
    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){
      for(p=sqlite3BuiltinFunctions.a[i]; p; p=p->u.pHash ){
        assert( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN );
        pragmaFunclistLine(v, p, 1, showInternFunc);
      }
    }
    for(j=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aFunc); j; j=sqliteHashNext(j)){
      p = (FuncDef*)sqliteHashData(j);
      assert( (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN)==0 );
      pragmaFunclistLine(v, p, 0, showInternFunc);
    }
  }
  break;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  case PragTyp_MODULE_LIST: {

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
  case PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST: if( zRight ){
    FKey *pFK;
    Table *pTab;
    pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zRight, zDb);
    if( pTab && IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ){
      pFK = pTab->u.tab.pFKey;
      if( pFK ){
        int iTabDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
        int i = 0;
        pParse->nMem = 8;
        sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iTabDb);
        while(pFK){

      if( zRight ){
        pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, zRight, zDb);
        k = 0;
      }else{
        pTab = (Table*)sqliteHashData(k);
        k = sqliteHashNext(k);
      }
      if( pTab==0 || !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) || pTab->u.tab.pFKey==0 ) continue;
      iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
      zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
      sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
      if( pTab->nCol+regRow>pParse->nMem ) pParse->nMem = pTab->nCol + regRow;
      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
      sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, regResult, pTab->zName);
      assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
      for(i=1, pFK=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFK; i++, pFK=pFK->pNextFrom){
        pParent = sqlite3FindTable(db, pFK->zTo, zDb);
        if( pParent==0 ) continue;
        pIdx = 0;
        sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pParent->tnum, 0, pParent->zName);
        x = sqlite3FkLocateIndex(pParse, pParent, pFK, &pIdx, 0);
        if( x==0 ){

          break;
        }
      }
      assert( pParse->nErr>0 || pFK==0 );
      if( pFK ) break;
      if( pParse->nTab<i ) pParse->nTab = i;
      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
      assert( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) );
      for(i=1, pFK=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFK; i++, pFK=pFK->pNextFrom){
        pParent = sqlite3FindTable(db, pFK->zTo, zDb);
        pIdx = 0;
        aiCols = 0;
        if( pParent ){
          x = sqlite3FkLocateIndex(pParse, pParent, pFK, &pIdx, &aiCols);
          assert( x==0 || db->mallocFailed );

        Index *pIdx, *pPk;
        Index *pPrior = 0;
        int loopTop;
        int iDataCur, iIdxCur;
        int r1 = -1;
        int bStrict;

        if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
        pPk = HasRowid(pTab) ? 0 : sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
        sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenRead, 0,
                                   1, 0, &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
        /* reg[7] counts the number of entries in the table.
        ** reg[8+i] counts the number of entries in the i-th index
        */

  **
  ** Configure the maximum number of rows that ANALYZE will examine
  ** in each index that it looks at.  Return the new limit.
  */
  case PragTyp_ANALYSIS_LIMIT: {
    sqlite3_int64 N;
    if( zRight
     && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(zRight, &N)==SQLITE_OK /* IMP: R-40975-20399 */
     && N>=0
    ){
      db->nAnalysisLimit = (int)(N&0x7fffffff);
    }
    returnSingleInt(v, db->nAnalysisLimit); /* IMP: R-57594-65522 */
    break;
  }

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
  /*
  ** Report the current state of file logs for all databases
  */

*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
  while( p ){
    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetVVAProperty(p, EP_NoReduce);
    p->iRightJoinTable = iTable;
    if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      if( p->x.pList ){
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
          sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable);
        }
      }
    }
    sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
    p = p->pRight;
  }
}

    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin)
     && (iTable<0 || p->iRightJoinTable==iTable) ){
      ExprClearProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
    }
    if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && p->iTable==iTable ){
      ExprClearProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull);
    }
    if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      if( p->x.pList ){
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
          unsetJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable);
        }
      }
    }
    unsetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
    p = p->pRight;
  }
}

  int i;
  int nDefer = 0;
  ExprList *pExtra = 0;
  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
    struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pEList->a[i];
    if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol==0 ){
      Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;
      Table *pTab;
      if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
       && pExpr->iColumn>=0
       && ALWAYS( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) )
       && (pTab = pExpr->y.pTab)!=0
       && IsOrdinaryTable(pTab)
       && (pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].colFlags & COLFLAG_SORTERREF)!=0
      ){
        int j;
        for(j=0; j<nDefer; j++){
          if( pSort->aDefer[j].iCsr==pExpr->iTable ) break;
        }
        if( j==nDefer ){
          if( nDefer==ArraySize(pSort->aDefer) ){
            continue;
          }else{
            int nKey = 1;
            int k;
            Index *pPk = 0;
            if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
              pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
              nKey = pPk->nKeyCol;
            }
            for(k=0; k<nKey; k++){
              Expr *pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
              if( pNew ){
                pNew->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
                assert( ExprUseYTab(pNew) );
                pNew->y.pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
                pNew->iColumn = pPk ? pPk->aiColumn[k] : -1;
                pExtra = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pExtra, pNew);
              }
            }
            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].iCsr = pExpr->iTable;

        ** This is not a problem, as the column type of "t1.col" is never
        ** used. When columnType() is called on the expression
        ** "(SELECT t1.col)", the correct type is returned (see the TK_SELECT
        ** branch below.  */
        break;
      }

      assert( pTab && ExprUseYTab(pExpr) && pExpr->y.pTab==pTab );
      if( pS ){
        /* The "table" is actually a sub-select or a view in the FROM clause
        ** of the SELECT statement. Return the declaration type and origin
        ** data for the result-set column of the sub-select.
        */
        if( iCol<pS->pEList->nExpr
#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_SELECT: {
      /* The expression is a sub-select. Return the declaration type and
      ** origin info for the single column in the result set of the SELECT
      ** statement.
      */
      NameContext sNC;
      Select *pS;
      Expr *p;
      assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
      pS = pExpr->x.pSelect;
      p = pS->pEList->a[0].pExpr;

      sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
      sNC.pNext = pNC;
      sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol);
      break;
    }
#endif

  srcName = (db->flags & SQLITE_ShortColNames)!=0 || fullName;
  sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, pEList->nExpr);
  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;

    assert( p!=0 );
    assert( p->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* Agg processing has not run yet */
    assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN
        || (ExprUseYTab(p) && p->y.pTab!=0) ); /* Covering idx not yet coded */
    if( pEList->a[i].zEName && pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
      /* An AS clause always takes first priority */
      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zEName;
      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    }else if( srcName && p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      char *zCol;
      int iCol = p->iColumn;

      /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
    }else{
      Expr *pColExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
      while( ALWAYS(pColExpr!=0) && pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ){
        pColExpr = pColExpr->pRight;
        assert( pColExpr!=0 );
      }
      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
       && ALWAYS( ExprUseYTab(pColExpr) )
       && (pTab = pColExpr->y.pTab)!=0
      ){
        /* For columns use the column name name */
        int iCol = pColExpr->iColumn;
        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
        zName = iCol>=0 ? pTab->aCol[iCol].zCnName : "rowid";
      }else if( pColExpr->op==TK_ID ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pColExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        zName = pColExpr->u.zToken;

    }
  }else{
    if( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable ){
      pExpr->iTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
    }
    pExpr->pLeft = substExpr(pSubst, pExpr->pLeft);
    pExpr->pRight = substExpr(pSubst, pExpr->pRight);
    if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
      substSelect(pSubst, pExpr->x.pSelect, 1);
    }else{
      substExprList(pSubst, pExpr->x.pList);
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
      Window *pWin = pExpr->y.pWin;

**
** This routine must be called after aggregate functions have been
** located but before their arguments have been subjected to aggregate
** analysis.
*/
static u8 minMaxQuery(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pFunc, ExprList **ppMinMax){
  int eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;      /* Return value */
  ExprList *pEList;                     /* Arguments to agg function */
  const char *zFunc;                    /* Name of aggregate function pFunc */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;
  u8 sortFlags = 0;

  assert( *ppMinMax==0 );
  assert( pFunc->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
  assert( !IsWindowFunc(pFunc) );
  assert( ExprUseXList(pFunc) );
  pEList = pFunc->x.pList;
  if( pEList==0
   || pEList->nExpr!=1
   || ExprHasProperty(pFunc, EP_WinFunc)
   || OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_MinMaxOpt)
  ){
    return eRet;
  }
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pFunc, EP_IntValue) );
  zFunc = pFunc->u.zToken;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "min")==0 ){
    eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
    if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pEList->a[0].pExpr) ){
      sortFlags = KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL;
    }
  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "max")==0 ){

      pIdx=pIdx->pNext
  );
  if( !pIdx ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndexedBy, 0);
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  assert( pFrom->fg.isCte==0 );
  pFrom->u2.pIBIndex = pIdx;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Detect compound SELECT statements that use an ORDER BY clause with
** an alternative collating sequence.

    pTab->iPKey = -1;
    pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
    pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pCte->pSelect, 0);
    if( db->mallocFailed ) return 2;
    pFrom->pSelect->selFlags |= SF_CopyCte;
    assert( pFrom->pSelect );
    if( pFrom->fg.isIndexedBy ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: \"%s\"", pFrom->u1.zIndexedBy);
      return 2;
    }
    pFrom->fg.isCte = 1;
    pFrom->u2.pCteUse = pCteUse;
    pCteUse->nUse++;
    if( pCteUse->nUse>=2 && pCteUse->eM10d==M10d_Any ){
      pCteUse->eM10d = M10d_Yes;
    }

         && pAggInfo->aFunc[i].iMem<=pAggInfo->mxReg );
  }
#endif
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, pAggInfo->mnReg, pAggInfo->mxReg);
  for(pFunc=pAggInfo->aFunc, i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pFunc++){
    if( pFunc->iDistinct>=0 ){
      Expr *pE = pFunc->pFExpr;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pE) );
      if( pE->x.pList==0 || pE->x.pList->nExpr!=1 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "DISTINCT aggregates must have exactly one "
           "argument");
        pFunc->iDistinct = -1;
      }else{
        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pE->x.pList,0,0);
        pFunc->iDistAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,

** in the AggInfo structure.
*/
static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
    ExprList *pList;
    assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr) );
    pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, pF->iMem, pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
  }
}


/*

  struct AggInfo_col *pC;

  pAggInfo->directMode = 1;
  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
    int nArg;
    int addrNext = 0;
    int regAgg;
    ExprList *pList;
    assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr) );
    assert( !IsWindowFunc(pF->pFExpr) );
    pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pF->pFExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
      Expr *pFilter = pF->pFExpr->y.pWin->pFilter;
      if( pAggInfo->nAccumulator
       && (pF->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)
       && regAcc
      ){
        /* If regAcc==0, there there exists some min() or max() function

  sqlite3 *db;
  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 ) return 0;   /* This is an aggregate */
  if( p->pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;               /* Single result column */
  if( p->pWhere ) return 0;
  if( p->pGroupBy ) return 0;
  pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;        /* Result is an aggregate */
  assert( ExprUseUToken(pExpr) );
  if( sqlite3_stricmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"count") ) return 0;  /* Is count() */
  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
  if( pExpr->x.pList!=0 ) return 0;                 /* Must be count(*) */
  if( p->pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;                  /* One table in FROM  */
  pSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect;
  if( pSub==0 ) return 0;                           /* The FROM is a subquery */
  if( pSub->pPrior==0 ) return 0;                   /* Must be a compound ry */
  do{
    if( pSub->op!=TK_ALL && pSub->pPrior ) return 0;  /* Must be UNION ALL */

    if( p->pGroupBy==0 && p->pHaving==0 && pAggInfo->nFunc==1 ){
      minMaxFlag = minMaxQuery(db, pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr, &pMinMaxOrderBy);
    }else{
      minMaxFlag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
    }
    for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
      Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pExpr->x.pList);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      assert( !IsWindowFunc(pExpr) );
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
        sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
      }

      int regReset;       /* Return address register for reset subroutine */
      ExprList *pDistinct = 0;
      u16 distFlag = 0;
      int eDist = WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;

      if( pAggInfo->nFunc==1
       && pAggInfo->aFunc[0].iDistinct>=0
       && ALWAYS(pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr!=0)
       && ALWAYS(ExprUseXList(pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr))
       && pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr->x.pList!=0
      ){
        Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
        pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        pDistinct = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pGroupBy, 0);
        pDistinct = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pDistinct, pExpr);
        distFlag = pDistinct ? (WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT|WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT) : 0;
      }

            }
          }
          if( i==pAggInfo->nFunc ){
            regAcc = ++pParse->nMem;
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regAcc);
          }
        }else if( pAggInfo->nFunc==1 && pAggInfo->aFunc[0].iDistinct>=0 ){
          assert( ExprUseXList(pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr) );
          pDistinct = pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr->x.pList;
          distFlag = pDistinct ? (WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT|WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT) : 0;
        }

        /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The
        ** processing is much simpler since there is only a single row
        ** of output.

** p->u.vtab.p list to the sqlite3.pDisconnect lists of their associated
** database connections to be disconnected at the next opportunity.
** Except, if argument db is not NULL, then the entry associated with
** connection db is left in the p->u.vtab.p list.
*/
static VTable *vtabDisconnectAll(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
  VTable *pRet = 0;
  VTable *pVTable;

  assert( IsVirtual(p) );
  pVTable = p->u.vtab.p;
  p->u.vtab.p = 0;

  /* Assert that the mutex (if any) associated with the BtShared database
  ** that contains table p is held by the caller. See header comments
  ** above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an explanation of why
  ** this makes it safe to access the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of any
  ** database connection that may have an entry in the p->u.vtab.p list.

** The reference count of the VTable structure associated with database
** connection db is decremented immediately (which may lead to the
** structure being xDisconnected and free). Any other VTable structures
** in the list are moved to the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of the associated
** database connection.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
  assert( IsVirtual(p) );
  if( !db || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) vtabDisconnectAll(0, p);
  if( p->u.vtab.azArg ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<p->u.vtab.nArg; i++){
      if( i!=1 ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.vtab.azArg[i]);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.vtab.azArg);
  }
}

/*
** Add a new module argument to pTable->u.vtab.azArg[].
** The string is not copied - the pointer is stored.  The
** string will be freed automatically when the table is
** deleted.
*/
static void addModuleArgument(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable, char *zArg){
  sqlite3_int64 nBytes;
  char **azModuleArg;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  assert( IsVirtual(pTable) );
  nBytes = sizeof(char *)*(2+pTable->u.vtab.nArg);
  if( pTable->u.vtab.nArg+3>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns on %s", pTable->zName);
  }
  azModuleArg = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pTable->u.vtab.azArg, nBytes);
  if( azModuleArg==0 ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zArg);
  }else{

** has been completely parsed.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse *pParse, Token *pEnd){
  Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;  /* The table being constructed */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */

  if( pTab==0 ) return;
  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
  addArgumentToVtab(pParse);
  pParse->sArg.z = 0;
  if( pTab->u.vtab.nArg<1 ) return;

  /* If the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement is being entered for the
  ** first time (in other words if the virtual table is actually being
  ** created now instead of just being read out of sqlite_schema) then

  Module *pMod,
  int (*xConstruct)(sqlite3*,void*,int,const char*const*,sqlite3_vtab**,char**),
  char **pzErr
){
  VtabCtx sCtx;
  VTable *pVTable;
  int rc;
  const char *const*azArg;
  int nArg = pTab->u.vtab.nArg;
  char *zErr = 0;
  char *zModuleName;
  int iDb;
  VtabCtx *pCtx;

  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
  azArg = (const char *const*)pTab->u.vtab.azArg;

  /* Check that the virtual-table is not already being initialized */
  for(pCtx=db->pVtabCtx; pCtx; pCtx=pCtx->pPrior){
    if( pCtx->pTab==pTab ){
      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
          "vtable constructor called recursively: %s", pTab->zName
      );
      return SQLITE_LOCKED;

** This call is a no-op if zTab is not a virtual table.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Table *pTab;

  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName);
  if( pTab!=0 && ALWAYS(IsVirtual(pTab)) && ALWAYS(pTab->u.vtab.p!=0) ){
    VTable *p;
    int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *);
    for(p=pTab->u.vtab.p; p; p=p->pNext){
      assert( p->pVtab );
      if( p->pVtab->nRef>0 ){
        return SQLITE_LOCKED;
      }

  void *pArg = 0;
  FuncDef *pNew;
  int rc = 0;

  /* Check to see the left operand is a column in a virtual table */
  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return pDef;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return pDef;
  assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
  pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
  if( pTab==0 ) return pDef;
  if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ) return pDef;
  pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab)->pVtab;
  assert( pVtab!=0 );
  assert( pVtab->pModule!=0 );
  pMod = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;

        int iCur;              /* The VDBE cursor used by this IN operator */
        int addrInTop;         /* Top of the IN loop */
        int iBase;             /* Base register of multi-key index record */
        int nPrefix;           /* Number of prior entires in the key */
        u8 eEndLoopOp;         /* IN Loop terminator. OP_Next or OP_Prev */
      } *aInLoop;           /* Information about each nested IN operator */
    } in;                 /* Used when pWLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_IN_ABLE */
    Index *pCoveringIdx;  /* Possible covering index for WHERE_MULTI_OR */
  } u;
  struct WhereLoop *pWLoop;  /* The selected WhereLoop object */
  Bitmask notReady;          /* FROM entries not usable at this level */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
  int addrVisit;        /* Address at which row is visited */
#endif
};

  WhereLoop *pLoop,     /* The current loop */
  Expr *pX              /* The IN expression to be reduced */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Expr *pNew;
  pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);
  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
    ExprList *pOrigRhs;         /* Original unmodified RHS */
    ExprList *pOrigLhs;         /* Original unmodified LHS */
    ExprList *pRhs = 0;         /* New RHS after modifications */
    ExprList *pLhs = 0;         /* New LHS after mods */
    int i;                      /* Loop counter */
    Select *pSelect;            /* Pointer to the SELECT on the RHS */

    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pNew) );
    pOrigRhs = pNew->x.pSelect->pEList;
    assert( pNew->pLeft!=0 );
    assert( ExprUseXList(pNew->pLeft) );
    pOrigLhs = pNew->pLeft->x.pList;
    for(i=iEq; i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
      if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
        int iField;
        assert( (pLoop->aLTerm[i]->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
        iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->u.x.iField - 1;
        if( pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr==0 ) continue; /* Duplicate PK column */
        pRhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pRhs, pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr);
        pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
        assert( pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
        pLhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pLhs, pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr);
        pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
      }

    }
    for(i=iEq;i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
      assert( pLoop->aLTerm[i]!=0 );
      if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ) nEq++;
    }

    iTab = 0;
    if( !ExprUseXSelect(pX) || pX->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr==1 ){
      eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, 0, &iTab);
    }else{
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
      pX = removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(pParse, iEq, pLoop, pX);

      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
        aiMap = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int)*nEq);

    if( eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC ){
      testcase( bRev );
      bRev = !bRev;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, !bRev);


    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 );
    pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_ABLE;
    if( pLevel->u.in.nIn==0 ){
      pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
    }
    if( iEq>0 && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN)==0 ){
      pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT;
    }

** this case, generate code to evaluate the expression and leave the
** result in register iReg.
*/
static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
  assert( nReg>0 );
  if( p && sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
      Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
      int iSelect;
      assert( p->op==TK_SELECT );
      iSelect = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, iSelect, iReg, nReg-1);
    }else
#endif
    {
      int i;
      const ExprList *pList;
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      pList = p->x.pList;
      assert( nReg<=pList->nExpr );
      for(i=0; i<nReg; i++){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr, iReg+i);
      }
    }
  }else{
    assert( nReg==1 || pParse->nErr );

  IdxExprTrans *pX = p->u.pIdxTrans;
  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pX->pIdxExpr, pX->iTabCur)==0 ){
    preserveExpr(pX, pExpr);
    pExpr->affExpr = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr);
    pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
    pExpr->iTable = pX->iIdxCur;
    pExpr->iColumn = pX->iIdxCol;

    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip) );
    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely) );
    ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_Unlikely|EP_WinFunc|EP_Subrtn);
    pExpr->y.pTab = 0;
    return WRC_Prune;
  }else{
    return WRC_Continue;
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
/* A walker node callback that translates a column reference to a table
** into a corresponding column reference of an index.
*/
static int whereIndexExprTransColumn(Walker *p, Expr *pExpr){
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    IdxExprTrans *pX = p->u.pIdxTrans;
    if( pExpr->iTable==pX->iTabCur && pExpr->iColumn==pX->iTabCol ){
      assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) && pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
      preserveExpr(pX, pExpr);
      pExpr->affExpr = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab,pExpr->iColumn);
      pExpr->iTable = pX->iIdxCur;
      pExpr->iColumn = pX->iIdxCol;
      pExpr->y.pTab = 0;
    }
  }

    pLoop->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
    /* An OOM inside of AddOp4(OP_VFilter) instruction above might have freed
    ** the u.vtab.idxStr.  NULL it out to prevent a use-after-free */
    if( db->mallocFailed ) pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr = 0;
    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
    pLevel->op = pWInfo->eOnePass ? OP_Noop : OP_VNext;
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 );
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE ){
      iIn = pLevel->u.in.nIn;
    }else{
      iIn = 0;
    }
    for(j=nConstraint-1; j>=0; j--){
      pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
      if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0 ) iIn--;
      if( j<16 && (pLoop->u.vtab.omitMask>>j)&1 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
      }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0
        && sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pTerm->pExpr->pLeft)==1

          sqlite3WhereEnd(pSubWInfo);
          ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
        }
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDelete);
      }
    }
    ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
    assert( pLevel->pWLoop==pLoop );
    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)!=0 );
    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE)==0 );
    pLevel->u.pCoveringIdx = pCov;
    if( pCov ) pLevel->iIdxCur = iCovCur;
    if( pAndExpr ){
      pAndExpr->pLeft = 0;
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pAndExpr);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iRetInit, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v));
    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, pLevel->addrBrk);

    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding transitive constraint:\n");
      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, pWC->nTerm-j);
    }
#endif
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) );
    assert( (pTerm->prereqRight & pLevel->notReady)!=0 );
    assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
    pAlt = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, pTerm->u.x.leftColumn, notReady,
                    WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_IS, 0);
    if( pAlt==0 ) continue;
    if( pAlt->wtFlags & (TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN)
     && ExprUseXSelect(pAlt->pExpr)
     && (pAlt->pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr>1)
    ){
      continue;
    }
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_EQ );
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN );

  if( !sqlite3IsLikeFunction(db, pExpr, pnoCase, (char*)wc) ){
    return 0;
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
  if( *pnoCase ) return 0;
#endif
  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  pLeft = pList->a[1].pExpr;

  pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[0].pExpr);
  op = pRight->op;
  if( op==TK_VARIABLE && (db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 ){
    Vdbe *pReprepare = pParse->pReprepare;
    int iCol = pRight->iColumn;
    pVal = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pReprepare, iCol, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
    if( pVal && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
      z = sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iCol);
    assert( pRight->op==TK_VARIABLE || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
  }else if( op==TK_STRING ){
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pRight, EP_IntValue) );
     z = (u8*)pRight->u.zToken;
  }
  if( z ){

    /* Count the number of prefix characters prior to the first wildcard */
    cnt = 0;
    while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
      cnt++;

      /* A "complete" match if the pattern ends with "*" or "%" */
      *pisComplete = c==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;

      /* Get the pattern prefix.  Remove all escapes from the prefix. */
      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, (char*)z);
      if( pPrefix ){
        int iFrom, iTo;
        char *zNew;
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pPrefix, EP_IntValue) );
        zNew = pPrefix->u.zToken;
        zNew[cnt] = 0;
        for(iFrom=iTo=0; iFrom<cnt; iFrom++){
          if( zNew[iFrom]==wc[3] ) iFrom++;
          zNew[iTo++] = zNew[iFrom];
        }
        zNew[iTo] = 0;
        assert( iTo>0 );

        **    2019-05-02 https://sqlite.org/src/info/b043a54c3de54b28
        **    2019-06-10 https://sqlite.org/src/info/fd76310a5e843e07
        **    2019-06-14 https://sqlite.org/src/info/ce8717f0885af975
        **    2019-09-03 https://sqlite.org/src/info/0f0428096f17252a
        */
        if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN
         || sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft)!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
         || (ALWAYS( ExprUseYTab(pLeft) )
             && pLeft->y.pTab
             && IsVirtual(pLeft->y.pTab))  /* Might be numeric */
        ){
          int isNum;
          double rDummy;
          isNum = sqlite3AtoF(zNew, &rDummy, iTo, SQLITE_UTF8);
          if( isNum<=0 ){
            if( iTo==1 && zNew[0]=='-' ){
              isNum = +1;

      *ppPrefix = pPrefix;

      /* If the RHS pattern is a bound parameter, make arrangements to
      ** reprepare the statement when that parameter is rebound */
      if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
        Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
        sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(v, pRight->iColumn);
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pRight, EP_IntValue) );
        if( *pisComplete && pRight->u.zToken[1] ){
          /* If the rhs of the LIKE expression is a variable, and the current
          ** value of the variable means there is no need to invoke the LIKE
          ** function, then no OP_Variable will be added to the program.
          ** This causes problems for the sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()
          ** API. To work around them, add a dummy OP_Variable here.
          */

      { "like",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE },
      { "regexp", SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP }
    };
    ExprList *pList;
    Expr *pCol;                     /* Column reference */
    int i;

    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    pList = pExpr->x.pList;
    if( pList==0 || pList->nExpr!=2 ){
      return 0;
    }

    /* Built-in operators MATCH, GLOB, LIKE, and REGEXP attach to a
    ** virtual table on their second argument, which is the same as
    ** the left-hand side operand in their in-fix form.
    **
    **       vtab_column MATCH expression
    **       MATCH(expression,vtab_column)
    */
    pCol = pList->a[1].pExpr;
    assert( pCol->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pCol) );
    testcase( pCol->op==TK_COLUMN && pCol->y.pTab==0 );
    if( ExprIsVtab(pCol) ){
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aOp); i++){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, aOp[i].zOp)==0 ){
          *peOp2 = aOp[i].eOp2;
          *ppRight = pList->a[0].pExpr;
          *ppLeft = pCol;
          return 1;
        }
      }
    }

    /* We can also match against the first column of overloaded
    ** functions where xFindFunction returns a value of at least
    ** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION.
    **
    **      OVERLOADED(vtab_column,expression)
    **
    ** Historically, xFindFunction expected to see lower-case function
    ** names.  But for this use case, xFindFunction is expected to deal
    ** with function names in an arbitrary case.
    */
    pCol = pList->a[0].pExpr;
    assert( pCol->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pCol) );
    testcase( pCol->op==TK_COLUMN && pCol->y.pTab==0 );
    if( ExprIsVtab(pCol) ){
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      sqlite3_module *pMod;
      void (*xNotUsed)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
      void *pNotUsed;
      pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pCol->y.pTab)->pVtab;
      assert( pVtab!=0 );
      assert( pVtab->pModule!=0 );
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
       pMod = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
      if( pMod->xFindFunction!=0 ){
        i = pMod->xFindFunction(pVtab,2, pExpr->u.zToken, &xNotUsed, &pNotUsed);
        if( i>=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION ){
          *peOp2 = i;
          *ppRight = pList->a[1].pExpr;
          *ppLeft = pCol;
          return 1;
        }
      }
    }
  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_NE || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT || pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL ){
    int res = 0;
    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
    Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
    assert( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pLeft) );
    testcase( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && pLeft->y.pTab==0 );
    if( ExprIsVtab(pLeft) ){
      res++;
    }
    assert( pRight==0 || pRight->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pRight) );
    testcase( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && pRight->y.pTab==0 );
    if( pRight && ExprIsVtab(pRight) ){
      res++;
      SWAP(Expr*, pLeft, pRight);
    }
    *ppLeft = pLeft;
    *ppRight = pRight;

        WhereClause *pAndWC;
        WhereTerm *pAndTerm;
        int j;
        Bitmask b = 0;
        pOrTerm->u.pAndInfo = pAndInfo;
        pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ANDINFO;
        pOrTerm->eOperator = WO_AND;
        pOrTerm->leftCursor = -1;
        pAndWC = &pAndInfo->wc;
        memset(pAndWC->aStatic, 0, sizeof(pAndWC->aStatic));
        sqlite3WhereClauseInit(pAndWC, pWC->pWInfo);
        sqlite3WhereSplit(pAndWC, pOrTerm->pExpr, TK_AND);
        sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pSrc, pAndWC);
        pAndWC->pOuter = pWC;
        if( !db->mallocFailed ){

  }

  /*
  ** Record the set of tables that satisfy case 3.  The set might be
  ** empty.
  */
  pOrInfo->indexable = indexable;

  pTerm->eOperator = WO_OR;
  pTerm->leftCursor = -1;
  if( indexable ){
    pWC->hasOr = 1;


  }

  /* For a two-way OR, attempt to implementation case 2.
  */
  if( indexable && pOrWc->nTerm==2 ){
    int iOne = 0;
    WhereTerm *pOne;

          ** or follwed by an inverted copy (t2.b==t1.a).  Skip this term
          ** and use its inversion. */
          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED );
          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
          assert( pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_COPIED|TERM_VIRTUAL) );
          continue;
        }
        assert( (pOrTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
        iColumn = pOrTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
        iCursor = pOrTerm->leftCursor;
        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
        break;
      }
      if( i<0 ){
        /* No candidate table+column was found.  This can only occur
        ** on the second iteration */
        assert( j==1 );
        assert( IsPowerOfTwo(chngToIN) );
        assert( chngToIN==sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCursor) );
        break;
      }
      testcase( j==1 );

      /* We have found a candidate table and column.  Check to see if that
      ** table and column is common to every term in the OR clause */
      okToChngToIN = 1;
      for(; i>=0 && okToChngToIN; i--, pOrTerm++){
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        assert( (pOrTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor!=iCursor ){
          pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
        }else if( pOrTerm->u.x.leftColumn!=iColumn || (iColumn==XN_EXPR
               && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft, pLeft, -1)
        )){
          okToChngToIN = 0;
        }else{

      ExprList *pList = 0;   /* The RHS of the IN operator */
      Expr *pLeft = 0;       /* The LHS of the IN operator */
      Expr *pNew;            /* The complete IN operator */

      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
        if( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        assert( (pOrTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
        assert( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor );
        assert( pOrTerm->u.x.leftColumn==iColumn );
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight, 0);
        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWInfo->pParse, pList, pDup);
        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
      }
      assert( pLeft!=0 );
      pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
      pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pDup, 0);
      if( pNew ){
        int idxNew;
        transferJoinMarkings(pNew, pExpr);
        assert( ExprUseXList(pNew) );
        pNew->x.pList = pList;
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        testcase( idxNew==0 );
        exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
        /* pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm]; // would be needed if pTerm where reused */
        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      }else{

  /* If this expression is a vector to the left or right of a
  ** inequality constraint (>, <, >= or <=), perform the processing
  ** on the first element of the vector.  */
  assert( TK_GT+1==TK_LE && TK_GT+2==TK_LT && TK_GT+3==TK_GE );
  assert( TK_IS<TK_GE && TK_ISNULL<TK_GE && TK_IN<TK_GE );
  assert( op<=TK_GE );
  if( pExpr->op==TK_VECTOR && (op>=TK_GT && ALWAYS(op<=TK_GE)) ){
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    pExpr = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;

  }

  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    aiCurCol[0] = pExpr->iTable;
    aiCurCol[1] = pExpr->iColumn;

  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AS && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE );
  prereqLeft = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_IN ){
    assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
    if( sqlite3ExprCheckIN(pParse, pExpr) ) return;
    if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
      pTerm->prereqRight = exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      pTerm->prereqRight = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pList);
    }
  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
    pTerm->prereqRight = 0;
  }else{

    Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pLeft);
    Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight);
    u16 opMask = (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ? WO_ALL : WO_EQUIV;

    if( pTerm->u.x.iField>0 ){
      assert( op==TK_IN );
      assert( pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR );
      assert( ExprUseXList(pLeft) );
      pLeft = pLeft->x.pList->a[pTerm->u.x.iField-1].pExpr;
    }

    if( exprMightBeIndexed(pSrc, prereqLeft, aiCurCol, pLeft, op) ){
      pTerm->leftCursor = aiCurCol[0];
      assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
      pTerm->u.x.leftColumn = aiCurCol[1];
      pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op) & opMask;
    }
    if( op==TK_IS ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
    if( pRight
     && exprMightBeIndexed(pSrc, pTerm->prereqRight, aiCurCol, pRight, op)
     && !ExprHasProperty(pRight, EP_FixedCol)

        }
      }else{
        pDup = pExpr;
        pNew = pTerm;
      }
      pNew->wtFlags |= exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
      pNew->leftCursor = aiCurCol[0];
      assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
      pNew->u.x.leftColumn = aiCurCol[1];
      testcase( (prereqLeft | extraRight) != prereqLeft );
      pNew->prereqRight = prereqLeft | extraRight;
      pNew->prereqAll = prereqAll;
      pNew->eOperator = (operatorMask(pDup->op) + eExtraOp) & opMask;
    }else
    if( op==TK_ISNULL
     && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin)
     && 0==sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pLeft)
    ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      pExpr->op = TK_TRUEFALSE;
      pExpr->u.zToken = "false";
      ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_IsFalse);
      pTerm->prereqAll = 0;
      pTerm->eOperator = 0;
    }
  }

  ** The two new terms are added onto the end of the WhereClause object.
  ** The new terms are "dynamic" and are children of the original BETWEEN
  ** term.  That means that if the BETWEEN term is coded, the children are
  ** skipped.  Or, if the children are satisfied by an index, the original
  ** BETWEEN term is skipped.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN && pWC->op==TK_AND ){
    ExprList *pList;
    int i;
    static const u8 ops[] = {TK_GE, TK_LE};
    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    pList = pExpr->x.pList;
    assert( pList!=0 );
    assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      int idxNew;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, ops[i],
                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0),

    Expr *pNewExpr1;
    Expr *pNewExpr2;
    int idxNew1;
    int idxNew2;
    const char *zCollSeqName;     /* Name of collating sequence */
    const u16 wtFlags = TERM_LIKEOPT | TERM_VIRTUAL | TERM_DYNAMIC;

    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);
    assert( pStr1==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pStr1, EP_IntValue) );
    assert( pStr2==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pStr2, EP_IntValue) );


    /* Convert the lower bound to upper-case and the upper bound to
    ** lower-case (upper-case is less than lower-case in ASCII) so that
    ** the range constraints also work for BLOBs
    */
    if( noCase && !pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
      int i;

  **
  ** This only works if the RHS is a simple SELECT (not a compound) that does
  ** not use window functions.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_IN
   && pTerm->u.x.iField==0
   && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR
   && ALWAYS( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) )
   && pExpr->x.pSelect->pPrior==0
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
   && pExpr->x.pSelect->pWin==0
#endif
   && pWC->op==TK_AND
  ){
    int i;

    return 0;
  }
  mask = (p->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) ? sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable) : 0;
  if( p->pLeft ) mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsageNN(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
  if( p->pRight ){
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsageNN(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
    assert( p->x.pList==0 );
  }else if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_VarSelect) ) pMaskSet->bVarSelect = 1;
    mask |= exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
  }else if( p->x.pList ){
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
  if( (p->op==TK_FUNCTION || p->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION) && ExprUseYWin(p) ){
    assert( p->y.pWin!=0 );
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->y.pWin->pPartition);
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->y.pWin->pOrderBy);
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->y.pWin->pFilter);
  }
#endif
  return mask;
}

                      pTab->zName, j);
      return;
    }
    pColRef = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
    if( pColRef==0 ) return;
    pColRef->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
    pColRef->iColumn = k++;
    assert( ExprUseYTab(pColRef) );
    pColRef->y.pTab = pTab;
    pRhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS,
        sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pArgs->a[j].pExpr, 0), 0);
    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pColRef, pRhs);
    if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
      sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pTerm, pItem->iCursor);
    }

  assert( pScan->iEquiv<=pScan->nEquiv );
  pWC = pScan->pWC;
  while(1){
    iColumn = pScan->aiColumn[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    iCur = pScan->aiCur[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    assert( pWC!=0 );
    assert( iCur>=0 );
    do{
      for(pTerm=pWC->a+k; k<pWC->nTerm; k++, pTerm++){
        assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 || pTerm->leftCursor<0 );
        if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
         && pTerm->u.x.leftColumn==iColumn
         && (iColumn!=XN_EXPR
             || sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pTerm->pExpr->pLeft,
                                       pScan->pIdxExpr,iCur)==0)
         && (pScan->iEquiv<=1 || !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
        ){

  ){
    /* Cannot use an IS term from the WHERE clause as an index driver for
    ** the RHS of a LEFT JOIN. Such a term can only be used if it is from
    ** the ON clause.  */
    return 0;
  }
  if( (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)!=0 ) return 0;
  assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
  if( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn<0 ) return 0;
  aff = pSrc->pTab->aCol[pTerm->u.x.leftColumn].affinity;
  if( !sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pTerm->pExpr, aff) ) return 0;
  testcase( pTerm->pExpr->op==TK_IS );
  return 1;
}
#endif

     && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)==0
     && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
     && sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pExpr, pSrc->iCursor) ){
      pPartial = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pPartial,
                                sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0));
    }
    if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, notReady) ){
      int iCol;
      Bitmask cMask;
      assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
      iCol = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
      cMask = iCol>=BMS ? MASKBIT(BMS-1) : MASKBIT(iCol);
      testcase( iCol==BMS );
      testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
      if( !sentWarning ){
        sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX,
            "automatic index on %s(%s)", pTable->zName,
            pTable->aCol[iCol].zCnName);
        sentWarning = 1;

  pLoop->u.btree.pIndex = pIdx;
  pIdx->zName = "auto-index";
  pIdx->pTable = pTable;
  n = 0;
  idxCols = 0;
  for(pTerm=pWC->a; pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
    if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, notReady) ){
      int iCol;
      Bitmask cMask;
      assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
      iCol = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
      cMask = iCol>=BMS ? MASKBIT(BMS-1) : MASKBIT(iCol);
      testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
      testcase( iCol==BMS );
      if( (idxCols & cMask)==0 ){
        Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
        idxCols |= cMask;
        pIdx->aiColumn[n] = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
        pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX);

    assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
    assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
    assert( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn>=(-1) );
    nTerm++;
  }

  /* If the ORDER BY clause contains only columns in the current
  ** virtual table then allocate space for the aOrderBy part of
  ** the sqlite3_index_info structure.

    ** right-hand table of a LEFT JOIN.  See tag-20191211-001 for the
    ** equivalent restriction for ordinary tables. */
    if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0
     && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
    ){
      continue;
    }
    assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
    assert( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn>=(-1) );
    pIdxCons[j].iColumn = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
    pIdxCons[j].iTermOffset = i;
    op = pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL;
    if( op==WO_IN ) op = WO_EQ;
    if( op==WO_AUX ){
      pIdxCons[j].op = pTerm->eMatchOp;

    char zLeft[50];
    memcpy(zType, "....", 5);
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ) zType[0] = 'V';
    if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV  ) zType[1] = 'E';
    if( ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) zType[2] = 'L';
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED  ) zType[3] = 'C';
    if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_SINGLE ){
      assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"left={%d:%d}",
                       pTerm->leftCursor, pTerm->u.x.leftColumn);
    }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 && pTerm->u.pOrInfo!=0 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"indexable=0x%llx",
                       pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable);
    }else{
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"left=%d", pTerm->leftCursor);
    }
    sqlite3DebugPrintf(
       "TERM-%-3d %p %s %-12s op=%03x wtFlags=%04x",
       iTerm, pTerm, zType, zLeft, pTerm->eOperator, pTerm->wtFlags);
    /* The 0x10000 .wheretrace flag causes extra information to be
    ** shown about each Term */
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10000 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" prob=%-3d prereq=%llx,%llx",
        pTerm->truthProb, (u64)pTerm->prereqAll, (u64)pTerm->prereqRight);
    }
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 && pTerm->u.x.iField ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" iField=%d", pTerm->u.x.iField);
    }
    if( pTerm->iParent>=0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" iParent=%d", pTerm->iParent);
    }
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pTerm->pExpr, 0);

** Free a WhereInfo structure
*/
static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
  int i;
  assert( pWInfo!=0 );
  for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
    WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
    if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE)!=0 ){
      assert( (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 );
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
    }
  }
  sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
  while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
    WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
    pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;

  nCmp = MIN(nCmp, (pIdx->nColumn - nEq));
  for(i=1; i<nCmp; i++){
    /* Test if comparison i of pTerm is compatible with column (i+nEq)
    ** of the index. If not, exit the loop.  */
    char aff;                     /* Comparison affinity */
    char idxaff = 0;              /* Indexed columns affinity */
    CollSeq *pColl;               /* Comparison collation sequence */
    Expr *pLhs, *pRhs;

    assert( ExprUseXList(pTerm->pExpr->pLeft) );
    pLhs = pTerm->pExpr->pLeft->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    pRhs = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
    if( ExprUseXSelect(pRhs) ){
      pRhs = pRhs->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
    }else{
      pRhs = pRhs->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    }

    /* Check that the LHS of the comparison is a column reference to
    ** the right column of the right source table. And that the sort

        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_NULL)!=0
        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN)!=0
        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)!=0
    );

    if( eOp & WO_IN ){
      Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
      if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        /* "x IN (SELECT ...)":  TUNING: the SELECT returns 25 rows */
        int i;
        nIn = 46;  assert( 46==sqlite3LogEst(25) );

        /* The expression may actually be of the form (x, y) IN (SELECT...).
        ** In this case there is a separate term for each of (x) and (y).
        ** However, the nIn multiplier should only be applied once, not once

        pNew->nOut -= nIn;
      }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
        tRowcnt nOut = 0;
        if( nInMul==0
         && pProbe->nSample
         && ALWAYS(pNew->u.btree.nEq<=pProbe->nSampleCol)
         && ((eOp & WO_IN)==0 || ExprUseXList(pTerm->pExpr))
         && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4)
        ){
          Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
          if( (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS))!=0 ){
            testcase( eOp & WO_EQ );
            testcase( eOp & WO_IS );
            testcase( eOp & WO_ISNULL );

  pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  pSrc = pTabList->a + pNew->iTab;
  pTab = pSrc->pTab;
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  assert( !IsVirtual(pSrc->pTab) );

  if( pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy ){
    assert( pSrc->fg.isCte==0 );
    /* An INDEXED BY clause specifies a particular index to use */
    pProbe = pSrc->u2.pIBIndex;
  }else if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
    pProbe = pTab->pIndex;
  }else{
    /* There is no INDEXED BY clause.  Create a fake Index object in local
    ** variable sPk to represent the rowid primary key index.  Make this

      }
#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
      if( addrSeek ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrSeek);
#endif
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrCont);
    }
    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE)!=0 && pLevel->u.in.nIn>0 ){
      struct InLoop *pIn;
      int j;
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrNxt);
      for(j=pLevel->u.in.nIn, pIn=&pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[j-1]; j>0; j--, pIn--){
        assert( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pIn->addrInTop+1)->opcode==OP_IsNull
                 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pIn->addrInTop+1);

      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, pLevel->iLeftJoin); VdbeCoverage(v);
      assert( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 || (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 );
      if( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
        assert( pLevel->iTabCur==pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].iCursor );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iTabCur);
      }
      if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)
       || ((ws & WHERE_MULTI_OR) && pLevel->u.pCoveringIdx)
      ){
        if( ws & WHERE_MULTI_OR ){
          Index *pIx = pLevel->u.pCoveringIdx;
          int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIx->pSchema);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReopenIdx, pLevel->iIdxCur, pIx->tnum, iDb);
          sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIx);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iIdxCur);
      }
      if( pLevel->op==OP_Return ){

    ** directly.  This loop scans all that code looking for opcodes
    ** that reference the table and converts them into opcodes that
    ** reference the index.
    */
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_INDEXED|WHERE_IDX_ONLY) ){
      pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
    }else if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR ){
      pIdx = pLevel->u.pCoveringIdx;
    }
    if( pIdx
     && !db->mallocFailed
    ){
      if( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF || !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
        last = iEnd;
      }else{

  assert(0);                 /*NO_TEST*/
}                            /*NO_TEST*/
static void noopValueFunc(sqlite3_context *p){ UNUSED_PARAMETER(p); /*no-op*/ }

/* Window functions that use all window interfaces: xStep, xFinal,
** xValue, and xInverse */
#define WINDOWFUNCALL(name,nArg,extra) {                                   \
  nArg, (SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW|extra), 0, 0,  \
  name ## StepFunc, name ## FinalizeFunc, name ## ValueFunc,               \
  name ## InvFunc, name ## Name, {0}                                       \
}

/* Window functions that are implemented using bytecode and thus have
** no-op routines for their methods */
#define WINDOWFUNCNOOP(name,nArg,extra) {                                  \
  nArg, (SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW|extra), 0, 0,  \
  noopStepFunc, noopValueFunc, noopValueFunc,                              \
  noopStepFunc, name ## Name, {0}                                          \
}

/* Window functions that use all window interfaces: xStep, the
** same routine for xFinalize and xValue and which never call
** xInverse. */
#define WINDOWFUNCX(name,nArg,extra) {                                     \
  nArg, (SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW|extra), 0, 0,  \
  name ## StepFunc, name ## ValueFunc, name ## ValueFunc,                  \
  noopStepFunc, name ## Name, {0}                                          \
}


/*
** Register those built-in window functions that are not also aggregates.

    pExpr->op2++;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

static int disallowAggregatesInOrderByCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION && pExpr->pAggInfo==0 ){
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pWalker->pParse,
         "misuse of aggregate: %s()", pExpr->u.zToken);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** If the SELECT statement passed as the second argument does not invoke

    pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pMWin->pOrderBy, 0);

    /* Append the arguments passed to each window function to the
    ** sub-select expression list. Also allocate two registers for each
    ** window function - one for the accumulator, another for interim
    ** results.  */
    for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
      ExprList *pArgs;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
      pArgs = pWin->pOwner->x.pList;
      if( pWin->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE ){
        selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, pArgs, pTab, &pSublist);
        pWin->iArgCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
        pWin->bExprArgs = 1;
      }else{
        pWin->iArgCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
        pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pArgs, 0);

      /* The inline versions of min() and max() require a single ephemeral
      ** table and 3 registers. The registers are used as follows:
      **
      **   regApp+0: slot to copy min()/max() argument to for MakeRecord
      **   regApp+1: integer value used to ensure keys are unique
      **   regApp+2: output of MakeRecord
      */
      ExprList *pList;
      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
      pList = pWin->pOwner->x.pList;
      pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pList, 0, 0);
      pWin->csrApp = pParse->nTab++;
      pWin->regApp = pParse->nMem+1;
      pParse->nMem += 3;
      if( pKeyInfo && pWin->pFunc->zName[1]=='i' ){
        assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0]==0 );
        pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] = KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
      }

}

/*
** Return the number of arguments passed to the window-function associated
** with the object passed as the only argument to this function.
*/
static int windowArgCount(Window *pWin){
  const ExprList *pList;
  assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
  pList = pWin->pOwner->x.pList;
  return (pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
}

typedef struct WindowCodeArg WindowCodeArg;
typedef struct WindowCsrAndReg WindowCsrAndReg;

/*

      );
      assert( bInverse==0 || bInverse==1 );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, pWin->regApp+1-bInverse, 1);
    }else if( pFunc->xSFunc!=noopStepFunc ){
      int addrIf = 0;
      if( pWin->pFilter ){
        int regTmp;
        assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
        assert( pWin->bExprArgs || !nArg ||nArg==pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr );
        assert( pWin->bExprArgs || nArg  ||pWin->pOwner->x.pList==0 );
        regTmp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+nArg,regTmp);
        addrIf = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNot, regTmp, 0, 1);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTmp);
      }

      if( pWin->bExprArgs ){
        int iOp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
        int iEnd;

        assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
        nArg = pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr;
        regArg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pWin->pOwner->x.pList, regArg, 0, 0);

        for(iEnd=sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v); iOp<iEnd; iOp++){
          VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, iOp);
          if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column && pOp->p1==pWin->iEphCsr ){
            pOp->p1 = csr;
          }
        }
      }
      if( pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
        CollSeq *pColl;
        assert( nArg>0 );
        assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
        pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pWin->pOwner->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0,0,0, (const char*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, bInverse? OP_AggInverse : OP_AggStep,
                        bInverse, regArg, pWin->regAccum);
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);

    windowFullScan(p);
  }else{
    Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
    Window *pWin;

    for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
      FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
      if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
       || pFunc->zName==first_valueName
      ){
        int csr = pWin->csrApp;
        int lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
        int tmpReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regResult);

      /* memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr)); */
      p->op = (u8)op;
      p->affExpr = 0;
      p->flags = EP_Leaf;
      ExprClearVVAProperties(p);
      p->iAgg = -1;
      p->pLeft = p->pRight = 0;

      p->pAggInfo = 0;
      memset(&p->x, 0, sizeof(p->x));
      memset(&p->y, 0, sizeof(p->y));
      p->op2 = 0;
      p->iTable = 0;
      p->iColumn = 0;
      p->u.zToken = (char*)&p[1];
      memcpy(p->u.zToken, t.z, t.n);
      p->u.zToken[t.n] = 0;
      if( sqlite3Isquote(p->u.zToken[0]) ){

/*
** Invoke the destructor function associated with FuncDef p, if any. Except,
** if this is not the last copy of the function, do not invoke it. Multiple
** copies of a single function are created when create_function() is called
** with SQLITE_ANY as the encoding.
*/
static void functionDestroy(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *p){
  FuncDestructor *pDestructor;
  assert( (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN)==0 );
  pDestructor = p->u.pDestructor;
  if( pDestructor ){
    pDestructor->nRef--;
    if( pDestructor->nRef==0 ){
      pDestructor->xDestroy(pDestructor->pUserData);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pDestructor);
    }
  }

  ** dealt with in the previous code block.  Besides these, the only
  ** valid input flags for sqlite3_open_v2() are SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY,
  ** SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE,
  ** SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE, and some reserved bits.  Silently mask
  ** off all other flags.
  */
  flags &=  ~( SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
               SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB |
               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB |
               SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB |
               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL |
               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL |
               SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL |
               SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL |

  char **, int, int, int, const char *, int, Fts3Expr **, char **
);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(Fts3Expr *);
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTerm(sqlite3 *db);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(i64 nByte);

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3OpenTokenizer(sqlite3_tokenizer *, int, const char *, int,
  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **
);

/* fts3_aux.c */
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db);

      }

      case FTSQUERY_OR: {
        Fts3Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
        Fts3Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
        sqlite3_int64 iCmp = DOCID_CMP(pLeft->iDocid, pRight->iDocid);

        assert_fts3_nc( pLeft->bStart || pLeft->iDocid==pRight->iDocid );
        assert_fts3_nc( pRight->bStart || pLeft->iDocid==pRight->iDocid );

        if( pRight->bEof || (pLeft->bEof==0 && iCmp<0) ){
          fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pLeft, pRc);
        }else if( pLeft->bEof || iCmp>0 ){
          fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pRight, pRc);
        }else{
          fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pLeft, pRc);

}

/*
** Allocate nByte bytes of memory using sqlite3_malloc(). If successful,
** zero the memory before returning a pointer to it. If unsuccessful,
** return NULL.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(sqlite3_int64 nByte){
  void *pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
  if( pRet ) memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
  return pRet;
}

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3OpenTokenizer(
  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,

    const char *zToken;
    int nToken = 0, iStart = 0, iEnd = 0, iPosition = 0;
    sqlite3_int64 nByte;                    /* total space to allocate */

    rc = pModule->xNext(pCursor, &zToken, &nToken, &iStart, &iEnd, &iPosition);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      nByte = sizeof(Fts3Expr) + sizeof(Fts3Phrase) + nToken;
      pRet = (Fts3Expr *)sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(nByte);
      if( !pRet ){
        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }else{
        pRet->eType = FTSQUERY_PHRASE;
        pRet->pPhrase = (Fts3Phrase *)&pRet[1];
        pRet->pPhrase->nToken = 1;
        pRet->pPhrase->iColumn = iCol;

      ** the next byte must contain either whitespace, an open or close
      ** parenthesis, a quote character, or EOF.
      */
      cNext = zInput[nKey];
      if( fts3isspace(cNext)
       || cNext=='"' || cNext=='(' || cNext==')' || cNext==0
      ){
        pRet = (Fts3Expr *)sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
        if( !pRet ){
          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
        }
        pRet->eType = pKey->eType;
        pRet->nNear = nNear;
        *ppExpr = pRet;
        *pnConsumed = (int)((zInput - z) + nKey);

      if( p ){
        int isPhrase;

        if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses
            && p->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE && pParse->isNot
        ){
          /* Create an implicit NOT operator. */
          Fts3Expr *pNot = sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
          if( !pNot ){
            sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p);
            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
            goto exprparse_out;
          }
          pNot->eType = FTSQUERY_NOT;
          pNot->pRight = p;

            goto exprparse_out;
          }

          if( isPhrase && !isRequirePhrase ){
            /* Insert an implicit AND operator. */
            Fts3Expr *pAnd;
            assert( pRet && pPrev );
            pAnd = sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
            if( !pAnd ){
              sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(p);
              rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
              goto exprparse_out;
            }
            pAnd->eType = FTSQUERY_AND;
            insertBinaryOperator(&pRet, pPrev, pAnd);

      Fts3HashElem *pElem = *(pReader->ppNextElem);
      sqlite3_free(pReader->aNode);
      pReader->aNode = 0;
      if( pElem ){
        char *aCopy;
        PendingList *pList = (PendingList *)fts3HashData(pElem);
        int nCopy = pList->nData+1;

        int nTerm = fts3HashKeysize(pElem);
        if( (nTerm+1)>pReader->nTermAlloc ){
          sqlite3_free(pReader->zTerm);
          pReader->zTerm = (char*)sqlite3_malloc((nTerm+1)*2);
          if( !pReader->zTerm ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
          pReader->nTermAlloc = (nTerm+1)*2;
        }
        memcpy(pReader->zTerm, fts3HashKey(pElem), nTerm);
        pReader->zTerm[nTerm] = '\0';
        pReader->nTerm = nTerm;

        aCopy = (char*)sqlite3_malloc(nCopy);
        if( !aCopy ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
        memcpy(aCopy, pList->aData, nCopy);
        pReader->nNode = pReader->nDoclist = nCopy;
        pReader->aNode = pReader->aDoclist = aCopy;
        pReader->ppNextElem++;
        assert( pReader->aNode );

/*
** Free all allocations associated with the iterator passed as the
** second argument.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(Fts3SegReader *pReader){
  if( pReader ){

    sqlite3_free(pReader->zTerm);

    if( !fts3SegReaderIsRootOnly(pReader) ){
      sqlite3_free(pReader->aNode);
    }
    sqlite3_blob_close(pReader->pBlob);
  }
  sqlite3_free(pReader);
}

*/
static MatchinfoBuffer *fts3MIBufferNew(size_t nElem, const char *zMatchinfo){
  MatchinfoBuffer *pRet;
  sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(u32) * (2*(sqlite3_int64)nElem + 1)
                           + sizeof(MatchinfoBuffer);
  sqlite3_int64 nStr = strlen(zMatchinfo);

  pRet = sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(nByte + nStr+1);
  if( pRet ){

    pRet->aMatchinfo[0] = (u8*)(&pRet->aMatchinfo[1]) - (u8*)pRet;
    pRet->aMatchinfo[1+nElem] = pRet->aMatchinfo[0]
                                      + sizeof(u32)*((int)nElem+1);
    pRet->nElem = (int)nElem;
    pRet->zMatchinfo = ((char*)pRet) + nByte;
    memcpy(pRet->zMatchinfo, zMatchinfo, nStr+1);
    pRet->aRef[0] = 1;

    return rc;
  }

  /* Now that it is known how many phrases there are, allocate and zero
  ** the required space using malloc().
  */
  nByte = sizeof(SnippetPhrase) * nList;
  sIter.aPhrase = (SnippetPhrase *)sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(nByte);
  if( !sIter.aPhrase ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }


  /* Initialize the contents of the SnippetIter object. Then iterate through
  ** the set of phrases in the expression to populate the aPhrase[] array.
  */
  sIter.pCsr = pCsr;
  sIter.iCol = iCol;
  sIter.nSnippet = nSnippet;

  int iCol;
  int nToken = 0;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  /* Allocate and populate the array of LcsIterator objects. The array
  ** contains one element for each matchable phrase in the query.
  **/
  aIter = sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(sizeof(LcsIterator) * pCsr->nPhrase);
  if( !aIter ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;

  (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3MatchinfoLcsCb, (void*)aIter);

  for(i=0; i<pInfo->nPhrase; i++){
    LcsIterator *pIter = &aIter[i];
    nToken -= pIter->pExpr->pPhrase->nToken;
    pIter->iPosOffset = nToken;
  }

  assert( pCsr->isRequireSeek==0 );

  /* Count the number of terms in the query */
  rc = fts3ExprLoadDoclists(pCsr, 0, &nToken);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto offsets_out;

  /* Allocate the array of TermOffset iterators. */
  sCtx.aTerm = (TermOffset *)sqlite3Fts3MallocZero(sizeof(TermOffset)*nToken);
  if( 0==sCtx.aTerm ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    goto offsets_out;
  }
  sCtx.iDocid = pCsr->iPrevId;
  sCtx.pCsr = pCsr;

# elif !defined(NDEBUG)
#   define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
#   define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
# else
#   define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
#   define NEVER(X)       (X)
# endif
# define testcase(X)
#endif
#if defined(NDEBUG)
#  define VVA(X)
#else
#  define VVA(X) X
#endif

/*
** Some of the testcase() macros in this file are problematic for gcov
** in that they generate false-miss errors randomly.  This is a gcov problem,
** not a problem in this case.  But to work around it, we disable the
** problematic test cases for production builds.
*/
#define json_testcase(X)

/* Objects */
typedef struct JsonString JsonString;
typedef struct JsonNode JsonNode;
typedef struct JsonParse JsonParse;

/* An instance of this object represents a JSON string

/* A single node of parsed JSON
*/
struct JsonNode {
  u8 eType;              /* One of the JSON_ type values */
  u8 jnFlags;            /* JNODE flags */
  u8 eU;                 /* Which union element to use */
  u32 n;                 /* Bytes of content, or number of sub-nodes */
  union {
    const char *zJContent; /* 1: Content for INT, REAL, and STRING */
    u32 iAppend;           /* 2: More terms for ARRAY and OBJECT */
    u32 iKey;              /* 3: Key for ARRAY objects in json_tree() */
    u32 iReplace;          /* 4: Replacement content for JNODE_REPLACE */
    JsonNode *pPatch;      /* 5: Node chain of patch for JNODE_PATCH */
  } u;
};

/* A completely parsed JSON string
*/
struct JsonParse {
  u32 nNode;         /* Number of slots of aNode[] used */

  JsonNode *pNode,               /* The node to render */
  JsonString *pOut,              /* Write JSON here */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace       /* Replacement values */
){
  assert( pNode!=0 );
  if( pNode->jnFlags & (JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_PATCH) ){
    if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE)!=0 && ALWAYS(aReplace!=0) ){
      assert( pNode->eU==4 );
      jsonAppendValue(pOut, aReplace[pNode->u.iReplace]);
      return;
    }
    assert( pNode->eU==5 );
    pNode = pNode->u.pPatch;
  }
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    default: {
      assert( pNode->eType==JSON_NULL );
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "true", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "false", 5);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        jsonAppendString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
        break;
      }
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    case JSON_REAL:
    case JSON_INT: {
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( (pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
          }
          j += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        assert( pNode->eU==2 );
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
            jsonAppendChar(pOut, ':');
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j+1], pOut, aReplace);
          }
          j += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j+1]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        assert( pNode->eU==2 );
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
      break;
    }
  }

    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_INT: {
      sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
      const char *z;
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      z = pNode->u.zJContent;
      if( z[0]=='-' ){ z++; }
      while( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ){
        unsigned v = *(z++) - '0';
        if( i>=LARGEST_INT64/10 ){
          if( i>LARGEST_INT64/10 ) goto int_as_real;
          if( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ) goto int_as_real;
          if( v==9 ) goto int_as_real;

      int_done:
      break;
      int_as_real: ; /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    case JSON_REAL: {
      double r;
#ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
      const char *z;
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      z = pNode->u.zJContent;
      sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(z), SQLITE_UTF8);
#else
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      r = strtod(pNode->u.zJContent, 0);
#endif
      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
#if 0 /* Never happens because JNODE_RAW is only set by json_set(),
      ** json_insert() and json_replace() and those routines do not
      ** call jsonReturn() */
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else
#endif
      assert( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
      if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_ESCAPE)==0 ){
        /* JSON formatted without any backslash-escapes */
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent+1, pNode->n-2,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else{
        /* Translate JSON formatted string into raw text */
        u32 i;
        u32 n = pNode->n;
        const char *z;
        char *zOut;
        u32 j;
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        z = pNode->u.zJContent;
        zOut = sqlite3_malloc( n+1 );
        if( zOut==0 ){
          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
          break;
        }
        for(i=1, j=0; i<n-1; i++){
          char c = z[i];

  JsonNode *p;
  if( pParse->aNode==0 || pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc ){
    return jsonParseAddNodeExpand(pParse, eType, n, zContent);
  }
  p = &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode];
  p->eType = (u8)eType;
  p->jnFlags = 0;
  VVA( p->eU = zContent ? 1 : 0 );
  p->n = n;
  p->u.zJContent = zContent;
  return pParse->nNode++;
}

/*
** Return true if z[] begins with 4 (or more) hexadecimal digits

    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='[' ){
    /* Parse array */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    memset(&pParse->aNode[iThis].u, 0, sizeof(pParse->aNode[iThis].u));
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( safe_isspace(z[j]) ){ j++; }
      if( ++pParse->iDepth > JSON_MAX_DEPTH ) return -1;
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      pParse->iDepth--;
      if( x<0 ){
        if( x==(-3) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;

}

/*
** Compare the OBJECT label at pNode against zKey,nKey.  Return true on
** a match.
*/
static int jsonLabelCompare(JsonNode *pNode, const char *zKey, u32 nKey){
  assert( pNode->eU==1 );
  if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
    if( pNode->n!=nKey ) return 0;
    return strncmp(pNode->u.zJContent, zKey, nKey)==0;
  }else{
    if( pNode->n!=nKey+2 ) return 0;
    return strncmp(pNode->u.zJContent+1, zKey, nKey)==0;
  }

        if( jsonLabelCompare(pRoot+j, zKey, nKey) ){
          return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j+1, &zPath[i], pApnd, pzErr);
        }
        j++;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      assert( pRoot->eU==2 );
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( pApnd ){
      u32 iStart, iLabel;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
      zPath += i;
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        assert( pRoot->eU==0 );
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
        VVA( pRoot->eU = 2 );
        pParse->aNode[iLabel].jnFlags |= JNODE_RAW;
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else if( zPath[0]=='[' ){
    i = 0;
    j = 1;

        if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
        for(;;){
          while( j<=pBase->n ){
            if( (pBase[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i++;
            j += jsonNodeSize(&pBase[j]);
          }
          if( (pBase->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
          assert( pBase->eU==2 );
          iBase += pBase->u.iAppend;
          pBase = &pParse->aNode[iBase];
          j = 1;
        }
        j = 2;
        if( zPath[2]=='-' && safe_isdigit(zPath[3]) ){
          unsigned int x = 0;

    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n && (i>0 || (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)!=0) ){
        if( (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i--;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      assert( pRoot->eU==2 );
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( j<=pRoot->n ){
      return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
    }
    if( i==0 && pApnd ){
      u32 iStart;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 1, 0);
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        assert( pRoot->eU==0 );
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
        VVA( pRoot->eU = 2 );
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else{
    *pzErr = zPath;
  }
  return 0;

      assert( x.aNode[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
      zType = "label";
    }else{
      zType = jsonType[x.aNode[i].eType];
    }
    jsonPrintf(100, &s,"node %3u: %7s n=%-4d up=%-4d",
               i, zType, x.aNode[i].n, x.aUp[i]);
    assert( x.aNode[i].eU==0 || x.aNode[i].eU==1 );
    if( x.aNode[i].u.zJContent!=0 ){
      assert( x.aNode[i].eU==1 );
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, " ", 1);
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, x.aNode[i].u.zJContent, x.aNode[i].n);
    }else{
      assert( x.aNode[i].eU==0 );
    }
    jsonAppendRaw(&s, "\n", 1);
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  jsonResult(&s);
}

  }
  iRoot = iTarget;
  for(i=1; i<pPatch->n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pPatch[i+1])+1){
    u32 nKey;
    const char *zKey;
    assert( pPatch[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
    assert( pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
    assert( pPatch[i].eU==1 );
    nKey = pPatch[i].n;
    zKey = pPatch[i].u.zJContent;
    assert( (pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
    for(j=1; j<pTarget->n; j += jsonNodeSize(&pTarget[j+1])+1 ){
      assert( pTarget[j].eType==JSON_STRING );
      assert( pTarget[j].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
      assert( (pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
      if( pTarget[j].n==nKey && strncmp(pTarget[j].u.zJContent,zKey,nKey)==0 ){
        if( pTarget[j+1].jnFlags & (JNODE_REMOVE|JNODE_PATCH) ) break;
        if( pPatch[i+1].eType==JSON_NULL ){
          pTarget[j+1].jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
        }else{
          JsonNode *pNew = jsonMergePatch(pParse, iTarget+j+1, &pPatch[i+1]);
          if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
          pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
          if( pNew!=&pTarget[j+1] ){
            assert( pTarget[j+1].eU==0 || pTarget[j+1].eU==1 );
            testcase( pTarget[j+1].eU==1 );
            VVA( pTarget[j+1].eU = 5 );
            pTarget[j+1].u.pPatch = pNew;
            pTarget[j+1].jnFlags |= JNODE_PATCH;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    if( j>=pTarget->n && pPatch[i+1].eType!=JSON_NULL ){
      int iStart, iPatch;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
      iPatch = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_TRUE, 0, 0);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      jsonRemoveAllNulls(pPatch);
      pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
      assert( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU==0 || pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU==2 );
      testcase( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU==2 );
      pParse->aNode[iRoot].jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
      VVA( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU = 2 );
      pParse->aNode[iRoot].u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
      iRoot = iStart;
      assert( pParse->aNode[iPatch].eU==0 );
      VVA( pParse->aNode[iPatch].eU = 5 );
      pParse->aNode[iPatch].jnFlags |= JNODE_PATCH;
      pParse->aNode[iPatch].u.pPatch = &pPatch[i+1];
    }
  }
  return pTarget;
}

  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  assert( x.nNode );
  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx);
    if( x.nErr ) goto replace_err;
    if( pNode ){
      assert( pNode->eU==0 || pNode->eU==1 || pNode->eU==4 );
      json_testcase( pNode->eU!=0 && pNode->eU!=1 );
      pNode->jnFlags |= (u8)JNODE_REPLACE;
      VVA( pNode->eU =  4 );
      pNode->u.iReplace = i + 1;
    }
  }
  if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
    assert( x.aNode[0].eU==4 );
    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].u.iReplace]);
  }else{
    jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
  }
replace_err:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

    pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, &bApnd, ctx);
    if( x.oom ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
      goto jsonSetDone;
    }else if( x.nErr ){
      goto jsonSetDone;
    }else if( pNode && (bApnd || bIsSet) ){
      json_testcase( pNode->eU!=0 && pNode->eU!=1 && pNode->eU!=4 );
      assert( pNode->eU!=3 || pNode->eU!=5 );
      VVA( pNode->eU = 4 );
      pNode->jnFlags |= (u8)JNODE_REPLACE;
      pNode->u.iReplace = i + 1;
    }
  }
  if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
    assert( x.aNode[0].eU==4 );
    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].u.iReplace]);
  }else{
    jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
  }
jsonSetDone:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

    p->i++;
    p->iRowid++;
    if( p->i<p->iEnd ){
      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
      p->eType = pUp->eType;
      if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        assert( pUp->eU==0 || pUp->eU==3 );
        json_testcase( pUp->eU==3 );
        VVA( pUp->eU = 3 );
        if( iUp==p->i-1 ){
          pUp->u.iKey = 0;
        }else{
          pUp->u.iKey++;
        }
      }
    }

    return;
  }
  iUp = p->sParse.aUp[i];
  jsonEachComputePath(p, pStr, iUp);
  pNode = &p->sParse.aNode[i];
  pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
  if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
    assert( pUp->eU==3 || (pUp->eU==0 && pUp->u.iKey==0) );
    testcase( pUp->eU==0 );
    jsonPrintf(30, pStr, "[%d]", pUp->u.iKey);
  }else{
    assert( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
    if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)==0 ) pNode--;
    assert( pNode->eType==JSON_STRING );
    assert( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
    assert( pNode->eU==1 );
    jsonPrintf(pNode->n+1, pStr, ".%.*s", pNode->n-2, pNode->u.zJContent+1);
  }
}

/* Return the value of a column */
static int jsonEachColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */

      if( p->i==0 ) break;
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
        jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      }else if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        u32 iKey;
        if( p->bRecursive ){
          if( p->iRowid==0 ) break;
          assert( p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].eU==3 );
          iKey = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].u.iKey;
        }else{
          iKey = p->iRowid;
        }
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)iKey);
      }
      break;

          jsonAppendRaw(&x, p->zRoot, (int)strlen(p->zRoot));
        }else{
          jsonAppendChar(&x, '$');
        }
        if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
          jsonPrintf(30, &x, "[%d]", p->iRowid);
        }else if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
          assert( pThis->eU==1 );
          jsonPrintf(pThis->n, &x, ".%.*s", pThis->n-2, pThis->u.zJContent+1);
        }
      }
      jsonResult(&x);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PATH: {

  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    int iCol;
    int iMask;
    if( pConstraint->iColumn < JEACH_JSON ) continue;
    iCol = pConstraint->iColumn - JEACH_JSON;
    assert( iCol==0 || iCol==1 );
    testcase( iCol==0 );
    iMask = 1 << iCol;
    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ){
      unusableMask |= iMask;
    }else if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
      aIdx[iCol] = i;
      idxMask |= iMask;
    }

      }
    }else{
      pNode = p->sParse.aNode;
    }
    p->iBegin = p->i = (int)(pNode - p->sParse.aNode);
    p->eType = pNode->eType;
    if( p->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ){
      assert( pNode->eU==0 );
      VVA( pNode->eU = 3 );
      pNode->u.iKey = 0;
      p->iEnd = p->i + pNode->n + 1;
      if( p->bRecursive ){
        p->eType = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].eType;
        if( p->i>0 && (p->sParse.aNode[p->i-1].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)!=0 ){
          p->i--;
        }

#endif
#endif

/* The testcase() macro should already be defined in the amalgamation.  If
** it is not, make it a no-op.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
# if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
    unsigned int sqlite3RtreeTestcase = 0;
#   define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3RtreeTestcase += __LINE__; }
# else
#   define testcase(X)
# endif
#endif

# define assert_nc(x) assert(x)
#endif

/*
** A version of memcmp() that does not cause asan errors if one of the pointer
** parameters is NULL and the number of bytes to compare is zero.
*/
#define fts5Memcmp(s1, s2, n) ((n)<=0 ? 0 : memcmp((s1), (s2), (n)))

/* Mark a function parameter as unused, to suppress nuisance compiler
** warnings. */
#ifndef UNUSED_PARAM
# define UNUSED_PARAM(X)  (void)(X)
#endif

*/
static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendBlob(
  int *pRc,
  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
  u32 nData,
  const u8 *pData
){

  if( nData ){
    if( fts5BufferGrow(pRc, pBuf, nData) ) return;
    memcpy(&pBuf->p[pBuf->n], pData, nData);
    pBuf->n += nData;
  }
}

    /* EOF */
    *piOff = -1;
    return 1;
  }else{
    i64 iOff = *piOff;
    u32 iVal;
    fts5FastGetVarint32(a, i, iVal);

    if( iVal<=1 ){
      if( iVal==0 ){
        *pi = i;
        return 0;
      }
      fts5FastGetVarint32(a, i, iVal);
      iOff = ((i64)iVal) << 32;

  }

  if( iCol>=0 ){
    if( pHash->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
      p->bContent = 1;
    }else{
      /* Append a new column value, if necessary */
      assert_nc( iCol>=p->iCol );
      if( iCol!=p->iCol ){
        if( pHash->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
          pPtr[p->nData++] = 0x01;
          p->nData += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&pPtr[p->nData], iCol);
          p->iCol = (i16)iCol;
          p->iPos = 0;
        }else{

**
** Return -ve if pLeft is smaller than pRight, 0 if they are equal or
** +ve if pRight is smaller than pLeft. In other words:
**
**     res = *pLeft - *pRight
*/
static int fts5BufferCompare(Fts5Buffer *pLeft, Fts5Buffer *pRight){
  int nCmp, res;
  nCmp = MIN(pLeft->n, pRight->n);
  assert( nCmp<=0 || pLeft->p!=0 );
  assert( nCmp<=0 || pRight->p!=0 );
  res = fts5Memcmp(pLeft->p, pRight->p, nCmp);
  return (res==0 ? (pLeft->n - pRight->n) : res);
}

static int fts5LeafFirstTermOff(Fts5Data *pLeaf){
  int ret;
  fts5GetVarint32(&pLeaf->p[pLeaf->szLeaf], ret);
  return ret;