/*
 * tclUtf.c --
 *
 *	Routines for manipulating UTF-8 strings.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1997-1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 *
 * RCS: @(#) $Id: tclUtf.c,v 1.17.4.1 2002/02/05 02:22:00 wolfsuit Exp $
 */

#include "tclInt.h"

/*
 * Include the static character classification tables and macros.
 */

#include "tclUniData.c"

/*
 * The following macros are used for fast character category tests.  The
 * x_BITS values are shifted right by the category value to determine whether
 * the given category is included in the set.
 */ 

#define ALPHA_BITS ((1 << UPPERCASE_LETTER) | (1 << LOWERCASE_LETTER) \
    | (1 << TITLECASE_LETTER) | (1 << MODIFIER_LETTER) | (1 << OTHER_LETTER))

#define DIGIT_BITS (1 << DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER)

#define SPACE_BITS ((1 << SPACE_SEPARATOR) | (1 << LINE_SEPARATOR) \
    | (1 << PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR))

#define CONNECTOR_BITS (1 << CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION)

#define PRINT_BITS (ALPHA_BITS | DIGIT_BITS | SPACE_BITS | \
	    (1 << NON_SPACING_MARK) | (1 << ENCLOSING_MARK) | \
	    (1 << COMBINING_SPACING_MARK) | (1 << LETTER_NUMBER) | \
	    (1 << OTHER_NUMBER) | (1 << CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << DASH_PUNCTUATION) | (1 << OPEN_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << CLOSE_PUNCTUATION) | (1 << INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION) | (1 << OTHER_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << MATH_SYMBOL) | (1 << CURRENCY_SYMBOL) | \
	    (1 << MODIFIER_SYMBOL) | (1 << OTHER_SYMBOL))

#define PUNCT_BITS ((1 << CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << DASH_PUNCTUATION) | (1 << OPEN_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << CLOSE_PUNCTUATION) | (1 << INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION) | \
	    (1 << FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION) | (1 << OTHER_PUNCTUATION))

/*
 * Unicode characters less than this value are represented by themselves 
 * in UTF-8 strings. 
 */

#define UNICODE_SELF	0x80

/*
 * The following structures are used when mapping between Unicode (UCS-2)
 * and UTF-8.
 */
 
CONST unsigned char totalBytes[256] = {
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
    3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
#if TCL_UTF_MAX > 3
    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
#else
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
#endif
#if TCL_UTF_MAX > 4
    5,5,5,5,
#else
    1,1,1,1,
#endif
#if TCL_UTF_MAX > 5
    6,6,6,6
#else
    1,1,1,1
#endif
};

/*
 * Procedures used only in this module.
 */

static int UtfCount _ANSI_ARGS_((int ch));


/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * UtfCount --
 *
 *	Find the number of bytes in the Utf character "ch".
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return values is the number of bytes in the Utf character "ch".
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
INLINE static int
UtfCount(ch)
    int ch;			/* The Tcl_UniChar whose size is returned. */
{
    if ((ch > 0) && (ch < UNICODE_SELF)) {
	return 1;
    }
    if (ch <= 0x7FF) {
	return 2;
    }
    if (ch <= 0xFFFF) {
	return 3;
    }
#if TCL_UTF_MAX > 3
    if (ch <= 0x1FFFFF) {
	return 4;
    }
    if (ch <= 0x3FFFFFF) {
	return 5;
    }
    if (ch <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
	return 6;
    }
#endif
    return 3;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharToUtf --
 *
 *	Store the given Tcl_UniChar as a sequence of UTF-8 bytes in the
 *	provided buffer.  Equivalent to Plan 9 runetochar().
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return values is the number of bytes in the buffer that
 *	were consumed.  
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
INLINE int
Tcl_UniCharToUtf(ch, str)
    int ch;			/* The Tcl_UniChar to be stored in the
				 * buffer. */
    char *str;			/* Buffer in which the UTF-8 representation
				 * of the Tcl_UniChar is stored.  Buffer must
				 * be large enough to hold the UTF-8 character
				 * (at most TCL_UTF_MAX bytes). */
{
    if ((ch > 0) && (ch < UNICODE_SELF)) {
	str[0] = (char) ch;
	return 1;
    }
    if (ch <= 0x7FF) {
	str[1] = (char) ((ch | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[0] = (char) ((ch >> 6) | 0xC0);
	return 2;
    }
    if (ch <= 0xFFFF) {
	three:
	str[2] = (char) ((ch | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[1] = (char) (((ch >> 6) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[0] = (char) ((ch >> 12) | 0xE0);
	return 3;
    }

#if TCL_UTF_MAX > 3
    if (ch <= 0x1FFFFF) {
	str[3] = (char) ((ch | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[2] = (char) (((ch >> 6) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[1] = (char) (((ch >> 12) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[0] = (char) ((ch >> 18) | 0xF0);
	return 4;
    }
    if (ch <= 0x3FFFFFF) {
	str[4] = (char) ((ch | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[3] = (char) (((ch >> 6) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[2] = (char) (((ch >> 12) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[1] = (char) (((ch >> 18) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[0] = (char) ((ch >> 24) | 0xF8);
	return 5;
    }
    if (ch <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
	str[5] = (char) ((ch | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[4] = (char) (((ch >> 6) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[3] = (char) (((ch >> 12) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[2] = (char) (((ch >> 18) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[1] = (char) (((ch >> 24) | 0x80) & 0xBF);
	str[0] = (char) ((ch >> 30) | 0xFC);
	return 6;
    }
#endif

    ch = 0xFFFD;
    goto three;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString --
 *
 *	Convert the given Unicode string to UTF-8.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is a pointer to the UTF-8 representation of the
 *	Unicode string.  Storage for the return value is appended to the
 *	end of dsPtr.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
CONST char *
Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString(wString, numChars, dsPtr)
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *wString;	/* Unicode string to convert to UTF-8. */
    int numChars;		/* Length of Unicode string in Tcl_UniChars
				 * (must be >= 0). */
    Tcl_DString *dsPtr;		/* UTF-8 representation of string is
				 * appended to this previously initialized
				 * DString. */
{
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *w, *wEnd;
    char *p, *string;
    int oldLength;

    /*
     * UTF-8 string length in bytes will be <= Unicode string length *
     * TCL_UTF_MAX.
     */

    oldLength = Tcl_DStringLength(dsPtr);
    Tcl_DStringSetLength(dsPtr, (oldLength + numChars + 1) * TCL_UTF_MAX);
    string = Tcl_DStringValue(dsPtr) + oldLength;

    p = string;
    wEnd = wString + numChars;
    for (w = wString; w < wEnd; ) {
	p += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(*w, p);
	w++;
    }
    Tcl_DStringSetLength(dsPtr, oldLength + (p - string));

    return string;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfToUniChar --
 *
 *	Extract the Tcl_UniChar represented by the UTF-8 string.  Bad
 *	UTF-8 sequences are converted to valid Tcl_UniChars and processing
 *	continues.  Equivalent to Plan 9 chartorune().
 *
 *	The caller must ensure that the source buffer is long enough that
 *	this routine does not run off the end and dereference non-existent
 *	memory looking for trail bytes.  If the source buffer is known to
 *	be '\0' terminated, this cannot happen.  Otherwise, the caller
 *	should call Tcl_UtfCharComplete() before calling this routine to
 *	ensure that enough bytes remain in the string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	*chPtr is filled with the Tcl_UniChar, and the return value is the
 *	number of bytes from the UTF-8 string that were consumed.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
int
Tcl_UtfToUniChar(str, chPtr)
    register CONST char *str;	 /* The UTF-8 string. */
    register Tcl_UniChar *chPtr; /* Filled with the Tcl_UniChar represented
				  * by the UTF-8 string. */
{
    register int byte;
    
    /*
     * Unroll 1 to 3 byte UTF-8 sequences, use loop to handle longer ones.
     */

    byte = *((unsigned char *) str);
    if (byte < 0xC0) {
	/*
	 * Handles properly formed UTF-8 characters between 0x01 and 0x7F.
	 * Also treats \0 and naked trail bytes 0x80 to 0xBF as valid
	 * characters representing themselves.
	 */
	 
	*chPtr = (Tcl_UniChar) byte;
	return 1;
    } else if (byte < 0xE0) {
	if ((str[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
	    /*
	     * Two-byte-character lead-byte followed by a trail-byte.
	     */
	     
	    *chPtr = (Tcl_UniChar) (((byte & 0x1F) << 6) | (str[1] & 0x3F));
	    return 2;
	}
	/*
	 * A two-byte-character lead-byte not followed by trail-byte
	 * represents itself.
	 */
	 
	*chPtr = (Tcl_UniChar) byte;
	return 1;
    } else if (byte < 0xF0) {
	if (((str[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) && ((str[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80)) {
	    /*
	     * Three-byte-character lead byte followed by two trail bytes.
	     */

	    *chPtr = (Tcl_UniChar) (((byte & 0x0F) << 12) 
		    | ((str[1] & 0x3F) << 6) | (str[2] & 0x3F));
	    return 3;
	}
	/*
	 * A three-byte-character lead-byte not followed by two trail-bytes
	 * represents itself.
	 */

	*chPtr = (Tcl_UniChar) byte;
	return 1;
    }
#if TCL_UTF_MAX > 3
    else {
	int ch, total, trail;

	total = totalBytes[byte];
	trail = total - 1;
	if (trail > 0) {
	    ch = byte & (0x3F >> trail);
	    do {
		str++;
		if ((*str & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
		    *chPtr = byte;
		    return 1;
		}
		ch <<= 6;
		ch |= (*str & 0x3F);
		trail--;
	    } while (trail > 0);
	    *chPtr = ch;
	    return total;
	}
    }
#endif

    *chPtr = (Tcl_UniChar) byte;
    return 1;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString --
 *
 *	Convert the UTF-8 string to Unicode.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is a pointer to the Unicode representation of the
 *	UTF-8 string.  Storage for the return value is appended to the
 *	end of dsPtr.  The Unicode string is terminated with a Unicode
 *	NULL character.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

CONST Tcl_UniChar *
Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString(string, length, dsPtr)
    CONST char *string;		/* UTF-8 string to convert to Unicode. */
    int length;			/* Length of UTF-8 string in bytes, or -1
				 * for strlen(). */
    Tcl_DString *dsPtr;		/* Unicode representation of string is
				 * appended to this previously initialized
				 * DString. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar *w, *wString;
    CONST char *p, *end;
    int oldLength;

    if (length < 0) {
	length = strlen(string);
    }

    /*
     * Unicode string length in Tcl_UniChars will be <= UTF-8 string length
     * in bytes.
     */

    oldLength = Tcl_DStringLength(dsPtr);
    Tcl_DStringSetLength(dsPtr,
	    (int) ((oldLength + length + 1) * sizeof(Tcl_UniChar)));
    wString = (Tcl_UniChar *) (Tcl_DStringValue(dsPtr) + oldLength);

    w = wString;
    end = string + length;
    for (p = string; p < end; ) {
	p += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(p, w);
	w++;
    }
    *w = '\0';
    Tcl_DStringSetLength(dsPtr,
	    (oldLength + ((char *) w - (char *) wString)));

    return wString;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfCharComplete --
 *
 *	Determine if the UTF-8 string of the given length is long enough
 *	to be decoded by Tcl_UtfToUniChar().  This does not ensure that the
 *	UTF-8 string is properly formed.  Equivalent to Plan 9 fullrune().
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is 0 if the string is not long enough, non-zero
 *	otherwise.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfCharComplete(str, len)
    CONST char *str;		/* String to check if first few bytes
				 * contain a complete UTF-8 character. */
    int len;			/* Length of above string in bytes. */
{
    int ch;

    ch = *((unsigned char *) str);
    return len >= totalBytes[ch];
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_NumUtfChars --
 *
 *	Returns the number of characters (not bytes) in the UTF-8 string,
 *	not including the terminating NULL byte.  This is equivalent to
 *	Plan 9 utflen() and utfnlen().
 *
 * Results:
 *	As above.  
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
int 
Tcl_NumUtfChars(str, len)
    register CONST char *str;	/* The UTF-8 string to measure. */
    int len;			/* The length of the string in bytes, or -1
				 * for strlen(string). */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch;
    register Tcl_UniChar *chPtr = &ch;
    register int n;
    int i;

    /*
     * The separate implementations are faster.
     */
     
    i = 0;
    if (len < 0) {
	while (1) {
	    str += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(str, chPtr);
	    if (ch == '\0') {
		break;
	    }
	    i++;
	}
    } else {
	while (len > 0) {
	    n = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(str, chPtr);
	    len -= n;
	    str += n;
	    i++;
	}
    }
    return i;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfFindFirst --
 *
 *	Returns a pointer to the first occurance of the given Tcl_UniChar
 *	in the NULL-terminated UTF-8 string.  The NULL terminator is
 *	considered part of the UTF-8 string.  Equivalent to Plan 9
 *	utfrune().
 *
 * Results:
 *	As above.  If the Tcl_UniChar does not exist in the given string,
 *	the return value is NULL.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
CONST char *
Tcl_UtfFindFirst(string, ch)
    CONST char *string;		/* The UTF-8 string to be searched. */
    int ch;			/* The Tcl_UniChar to search for. */
{
    int len;
    Tcl_UniChar find;
    
    while (1) {
	len = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(string, &find);
	if (find == ch) {
	    return string;
	}
	if (*string == '\0') {
	    return NULL;
	}
	string += len;
    }
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfFindLast --
 *
 *	Returns a pointer to the last occurance of the given Tcl_UniChar
 *	in the NULL-terminated UTF-8 string.  The NULL terminator is
 *	considered part of the UTF-8 string.  Equivalent to Plan 9
 *	utfrrune().
 *
 * Results:
 *	As above.  If the Tcl_UniChar does not exist in the given string,
 *	the return value is NULL.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

CONST char *
Tcl_UtfFindLast(string, ch)
    CONST char *string;		/* The UTF-8 string to be searched. */
    int ch;			/* The Tcl_UniChar to search for. */
{
    int len;
    Tcl_UniChar find;
    CONST char *last;
	
    last = NULL;
    while (1) {
	len = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(string, &find);
	if (find == ch) {
	    last = string;
	}
	if (*string == '\0') {
	    break;
	}
	string += len;
    }
    return last;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfNext --
 *
 *	Given a pointer to some current location in a UTF-8 string,
 *	move forward one character.  The caller must ensure that they
 *	are not asking for the next character after the last character
 *	in the string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is the pointer to the next character in
 *	the UTF-8 string.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
CONST char *
Tcl_UtfNext(str) 
    CONST char *str;		    /* The current location in the string. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch;

    return str + Tcl_UtfToUniChar(str, &ch);
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfPrev --
 *
 *	Given a pointer to some current location in a UTF-8 string,
 *	move backwards one character.  This works correctly when the
 *	pointer is in the middle of a UTF-8 character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is a pointer to the previous character in the
 *	UTF-8 string.  If the current location was already at the
 *	beginning of the string, the return value will also be a
 *	pointer to the beginning of the string.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

CONST char *
Tcl_UtfPrev(str, start)
    CONST char *str;		    /* The current location in the string. */
    CONST char *start;		    /* Pointer to the beginning of the
				     * string, to avoid going backwards too
				     * far. */
{
    CONST char *look;
    int i, byte;
    
    str--;
    look = str;
    for (i = 0; i < TCL_UTF_MAX; i++) {
	if (look < start) {
	    if (str < start) {
		str = start;
	    }
	    break;
	}
	byte = *((unsigned char *) look);
	if (byte < 0x80) {
	    break;
	} 
	if (byte >= 0xC0) {
	    return look;
	}
	look--;
    }
    return str;
}
	
/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharAtIndex --
 *
 *	Returns the Unicode character represented at the specified
 *	character (not byte) position in the UTF-8 string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	As above.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
Tcl_UniChar
Tcl_UniCharAtIndex(src, index)
    register CONST char *src;	/* The UTF-8 string to dereference. */
    register int index;		/* The position of the desired character. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch;

    while (index >= 0) {
	index--;
	src += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
    }
    return ch;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfAtIndex --
 *
 *	Returns a pointer to the specified character (not byte) position
 *	in the UTF-8 string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	As above.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

CONST char *
Tcl_UtfAtIndex(src, index)
    register CONST char *src;	/* The UTF-8 string. */
    register int index;		/* The position of the desired character. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch;
    
    while (index > 0) {
	index--;
	src += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
    }
    return src;
}

/*
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfBackslash --
 *
 *	Figure out how to handle a backslash sequence.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Stores the bytes represented by the backslash sequence in dst and
 *	returns the number of bytes written to dst.  At most TCL_UTF_MAX
 *	bytes are written to dst; dst must have been large enough to accept
 *	those bytes.  If readPtr isn't NULL then it is filled in with a
 *	count of the number of bytes in the backslash sequence.  
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	The maximum number of bytes it takes to represent a Unicode
 *	character in UTF-8 is guaranteed to be less than the number of
 *	bytes used to express the backslash sequence that represents
 *	that Unicode character.  If the target buffer into which the
 *	caller is going to store the bytes that represent the Unicode
 *	character is at least as large as the source buffer from which
 *	the backslashed sequence was extracted, no buffer overruns should
 *	occur.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfBackslash(src, readPtr, dst)
    CONST char *src;		/* Points to the backslash character of
				 * a backslash sequence. */
    int *readPtr;		/* Fill in with number of characters read
				 * from src, unless NULL. */
    char *dst;			/* Filled with the bytes represented by the
				 * backslash sequence. */
{
    register CONST char *p = src+1;
    Tcl_UniChar result;
    int count, n;
    char buf[TCL_UTF_MAX];

    if (dst == NULL) {
	dst = buf;
    }

    count = 2;
    switch (*p) {
	/*
         * Note: in the conversions below, use absolute values (e.g.,
         * 0xa) rather than symbolic values (e.g. \n) that get converted
         * by the compiler.  It's possible that compilers on some
         * platforms will do the symbolic conversions differently, which
         * could result in non-portable Tcl scripts.
         */

        case 'a':
            result = 0x7;
            break;
        case 'b':
            result = 0x8;
            break;
        case 'f':
            result = 0xc;
            break;
        case 'n':
            result = 0xa;
            break;
        case 'r':
            result = 0xd;
            break;
        case 't':
            result = 0x9;
            break;
        case 'v':
            result = 0xb;
            break;
        case 'x':
            if (isxdigit(UCHAR(p[1]))) { /* INTL: digit */
                char *end;

                result = (unsigned char) strtoul(p+1, &end, 16);
                count = end - src;
            } else {
                count = 2;
                result = 'x';
            }
            break;
	case 'u':
	    result = 0;
	    for (count = 0; count < 4; count++) {
		p++;
		if (!isxdigit(UCHAR(*p))) { /* INTL: digit */
		    break;
		}
		n = *p - '0';
		if (n > 9) {
		    n = n + '0' + 10 - 'A';
		}
		if (n > 16) {
		    n = n + 'A' - 'a';
		}
		result = (result << 4) + n;
	    }
	    if (count == 0) {
		result = 'u';
	    }
	    count += 2;
	    break;
		    
        case '\n':
            do {
                p++;
            } while ((*p == ' ') || (*p == '\t'));
            result = ' ';
            count = p - src;
            break;
        case 0:
            result = '\\';
            count = 1;
            break;
	default:
	    /*
	     * Check for an octal number \oo?o?
	     */
	    if (isdigit(UCHAR(*p)) && (UCHAR(*p) < '8')) { /* INTL: digit */
		result = (unsigned char)(*p - '0');
		p++;
		if (!isdigit(UCHAR(*p)) || (UCHAR(*p) >= '8')) { /* INTL: digit */
		    break;
		}
		count = 3;
		result = (unsigned char)((result << 3) + (*p - '0'));
		p++;
		if (!isdigit(UCHAR(*p)) || (UCHAR(*p) >= '8')) { /* INTL: digit */
		    break;
		}
		count = 4;
		result = (unsigned char)((result << 3) + (*p - '0'));
		break;
	    }
	    if (UCHAR(*p) < UNICODE_SELF) {
		result = *p;
		count = 2;
	    } else {
		/*
		 * We have to convert here because the user has put a
		 * backslash in front of a multi-byte utf-8 character.
		 * While this means nothing special, we shouldn't break up
		 * a correct utf-8 character. [Bug #217987] test subst-3.2
		 */
		count = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(p, &result) + 1; /* +1 for '\' */
	    }
	    break;
    }

    if (readPtr != NULL) {
	*readPtr = count;
    }
    return Tcl_UniCharToUtf((int) result, dst);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfToUpper --
 *
 *	Convert lowercase characters to uppercase characters in a UTF
 *	string in place.  The conversion may shrink the UTF string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the number of bytes in the resulting string
 *	excluding the trailing null.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	Writes a terminating null after the last converted character.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfToUpper(str)
    char *str;			/* String to convert in place. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch, upChar;
    char *src, *dst;
    int bytes;

    /*
     * Iterate over the string until we hit the terminating null.
     */

    src = dst = str;
    while (*src) {
        bytes = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
	upChar = Tcl_UniCharToUpper(ch);

	/*
	 * To keep badly formed Utf strings from getting inflated by
	 * the conversion (thereby causing a segfault), only copy the
	 * upper case char to dst if its size is <= the original char.
	 */
	
	if (bytes < UtfCount(upChar)) {
	    memcpy(dst, src, (size_t) bytes);
	    dst += bytes;
	} else {
	    dst += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(upChar, dst);
	}
	src += bytes;
    }
    *dst = '\0';
    return (dst - str);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfToLower --
 *
 *	Convert uppercase characters to lowercase characters in a UTF
 *	string in place.  The conversion may shrink the UTF string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the number of bytes in the resulting string
 *	excluding the trailing null.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	Writes a terminating null after the last converted character.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfToLower(str)
    char *str;			/* String to convert in place. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch, lowChar;
    char *src, *dst;
    int bytes;
    
    /*
     * Iterate over the string until we hit the terminating null.
     */

    src = dst = str;
    while (*src) {
	bytes = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
	lowChar = Tcl_UniCharToLower(ch);

	/*
	 * To keep badly formed Utf strings from getting inflated by
	 * the conversion (thereby causing a segfault), only copy the
	 * lower case char to dst if its size is <= the original char.
	 */
	
	if (bytes < UtfCount(lowChar)) {
	    memcpy(dst, src, (size_t) bytes);
	    dst += bytes;
	} else {
	    dst += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(lowChar, dst);
	}
	src += bytes;
    }
    *dst = '\0';
    return (dst - str);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfToTitle --
 *
 *	Changes the first character of a UTF string to title case or
 *	uppercase and the rest of the string to lowercase.  The
 *	conversion happens in place and may shrink the UTF string.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the number of bytes in the resulting string
 *	excluding the trailing null.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	Writes a terminating null after the last converted character.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfToTitle(str)
    char *str;			/* String to convert in place. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch, titleChar, lowChar;
    char *src, *dst;
    int bytes;
    
    /*
     * Capitalize the first character and then lowercase the rest of the
     * characters until we get to a null.
     */

    src = dst = str;

    if (*src) {
	bytes = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
	titleChar = Tcl_UniCharToTitle(ch);

	if (bytes < UtfCount(titleChar)) {
	    memcpy(dst, src, (size_t) bytes);
	    dst += bytes;
	} else {
	    dst += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(titleChar, dst);
	}
	src += bytes;
    }
    while (*src) {
	bytes = Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch);
	lowChar = Tcl_UniCharToLower(ch);

	if (bytes < UtfCount(lowChar)) {
	    memcpy(dst, src, (size_t) bytes);
	    dst += bytes;
	} else {
	    dst += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(lowChar, dst);
	}
	src += bytes;
    }
    *dst = '\0';
    return (dst - str);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfNcmp --
 *
 *	Compare at most n UTF chars of string cs to string ct.  Both cs
 *	and ct are assumed to be at least n UTF chars long.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Return <0 if cs < ct, 0 if cs == ct, or >0 if cs > ct.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfNcmp(cs, ct, n)
    CONST char *cs;		/* UTF string to compare to ct. */
    CONST char *ct;		/* UTF string cs is compared to. */
    unsigned long n;		/* Number of UTF chars to compare. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch1, ch2;
    /*
     * Cannot use memcmp()-based approach as byte representation of
     * \u0000 (the pair of bytes 0xc0,0x80) is larger than byte
     * representation of \u0001 (the byte 0x01.)
     */
    while (n-- > 0) {
	/*
	 * n must be interpreted as chars, not bytes.
	 * This should be called only when both strings are of
	 * at least n chars long (no need for \0 check)
	 */
	cs += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(cs, &ch1);
	ct += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(ct, &ch2);
	if (ch1 != ch2) {
	    return (ch1 - ch2);
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UtfNcasecmp --
 *
 *	Compare at most n UTF chars of string cs to string ct case
 *	insensitive.  Both cs and ct are assumed to be at least n
 *	UTF chars long.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Return <0 if cs < ct, 0 if cs == ct, or >0 if cs > ct.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UtfNcasecmp(cs, ct, n)
    CONST char *cs;		/* UTF string to compare to ct. */
    CONST char *ct;		/* UTF string cs is compared to. */
    unsigned long n;			/* Number of UTF chars to compare. */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch1, ch2;
    while (n-- > 0) {
	/*
	 * n must be interpreted as chars, not bytes.
	 * This should be called only when both strings are of
	 * at least n chars long (no need for \0 check)
	 */
	cs += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(cs, &ch1);
	ct += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(ct, &ch2);
	if (ch1 != ch2) {
	    ch1 = Tcl_UniCharToLower(ch1);
	    ch2 = Tcl_UniCharToLower(ch2);
	    if (ch1 != ch2) {
		return (ch1 - ch2);
	    }
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharToUpper --
 *
 *	Compute the uppercase equivalent of the given Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the uppercase Unicode character.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

Tcl_UniChar
Tcl_UniCharToUpper(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to convert. */
{
    int info = GetUniCharInfo(ch);

    if (GetCaseType(info) & 0x04) {
	return (Tcl_UniChar) (ch - GetDelta(info));
    } else {
	return ch;
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharToLower --
 *
 *	Compute the lowercase equivalent of the given Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the lowercase Unicode character.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

Tcl_UniChar
Tcl_UniCharToLower(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to convert. */
{
    int info = GetUniCharInfo(ch);

    if (GetCaseType(info) & 0x02) {
	return (Tcl_UniChar) (ch + GetDelta(info));
    } else {
	return ch;
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharToTitle --
 *
 *	Compute the titlecase equivalent of the given Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the titlecase Unicode character.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

Tcl_UniChar
Tcl_UniCharToTitle(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to convert. */
{
    int info = GetUniCharInfo(ch);
    int mode = GetCaseType(info);

    if (mode & 0x1) {
	/*
	 * Subtract or add one depending on the original case.
	 */

	return (Tcl_UniChar) (ch + ((mode & 0x4) ? -1 : 1));
    } else if (mode == 0x4) {
	return (Tcl_UniChar) (ch - GetDelta(info));
    } else {
	return ch;
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharLen --
 *
 *	Find the length of a UniChar string.  The str input must be null
 *	terminated.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns the length of str in UniChars (not bytes).
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharLen(str)
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *str;	/* Unicode string to find length of. */
{
    int len = 0;
    
    while (*str != '\0') {
	len++;
	str++;
    }
    return len;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharNcmp --
 *
 *	Compare at most n unichars of string cs to string ct.  Both cs
 *	and ct are assumed to be at least n unichars long.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Return <0 if cs < ct, 0 if cs == ct, or >0 if cs > ct.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharNcmp(cs, ct, n)
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *cs;		/* Unicode string to compare to ct. */
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *ct;		/* Unicode string cs is compared to. */
    unsigned long n;			/* Number of unichars to compare. */
{
    for ( ; n != 0; n--, cs++, ct++) {
	if (*cs != *ct) {
	    return (*cs - *ct);
	}
	if (*cs == '\0') {
	    break;
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp --
 *
 *	Compare at most n unichars of string cs to string ct case
 *	insensitive.  Both cs and ct are assumed to be at least n
 *	unichars long.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Return <0 if cs < ct, 0 if cs == ct, or >0 if cs > ct.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp(cs, ct, n)
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *cs;		/* Unicode string to compare to ct. */
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *ct;		/* Unicode string cs is compared to. */
    unsigned long n;			/* Number of unichars to compare. */
{
    for ( ; n != 0; n--, cs++, ct++) {
	if ((*cs != *ct) &&
		(Tcl_UniCharToLower(*cs) != Tcl_UniCharToLower(*ct))) {
	    return (*cs - *ct);
	}
	if (*cs == '\0') {
	    break;
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsAlnum --
 *
 *	Test if a character is an alphanumeric Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns 1 if character is alphanumeric.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsAlnum(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);

    return (((ALPHA_BITS | DIGIT_BITS) >> category) & 1);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsAlpha --
 *
 *	Test if a character is an alphabetic Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns 1 if character is alphabetic.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsAlpha(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);
    return ((ALPHA_BITS >> category) & 1);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsControl --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a Unicode control character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is a control.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsControl(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    return ((GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK) == CONTROL);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsDigit --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a numeric Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is a digit.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsDigit(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    return ((GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK)
	    == DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsGraph --
 *
 *	Test if a character is any Unicode print character except space.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is printable, but not space.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsGraph(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);
    return (((PRINT_BITS >> category) & 1) && ((unsigned char) ch != ' '));
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsLower --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a lowercase Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is lowercase.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsLower(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    return ((GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK) == LOWERCASE_LETTER);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsPrint --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a Unicode print character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is printable.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsPrint(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);
    return ((PRINT_BITS >> category) & 1);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsPunct --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a Unicode punctuation character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is punct.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsPunct(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);
    return ((PUNCT_BITS >> category) & 1);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsSpace --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a whitespace Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is a space.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsSpace(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category;

    /*
     * If the character is within the first 127 characters, just use the
     * standard C function, otherwise consult the Unicode table.
     */

    if (ch < 0x80) {
	return isspace(UCHAR(ch)); /* INTL: ISO space */
    } else {
	category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);
	return ((SPACE_BITS >> category) & 1);
    }
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsUpper --
 *
 *	Test if a character is a uppercase Unicode character.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns non-zero if character is uppercase.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsUpper(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    return ((GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK) == UPPERCASE_LETTER);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharIsWordChar --
 *
 *	Test if a character is alphanumeric or a connector punctuation
 *	mark.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns 1 if character is a word character.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharIsWordChar(ch)
    int ch;			/* Unicode character to test. */
{
    register int category = (GetUniCharInfo(ch) & UNICODE_CATEGORY_MASK);

    return (((ALPHA_BITS | DIGIT_BITS | CONNECTOR_BITS) >> category) & 1);
}

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch --
 *
 *	See if a particular Unicode string matches a particular pattern.
 *	Allows case insensitivity.  This is the Unicode equivalent of
 *	the char* Tcl_StringCaseMatch.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is 1 if string matches pattern, and
 *	0 otherwise.  The matching operation permits the following
 *	special characters in the pattern: *?\[] (see the manual
 *	entry for details on what these mean).
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch(string, pattern, nocase)
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *string;	/* Unicode String. */
    CONST Tcl_UniChar *pattern;	/* Pattern, which may contain special
				 * characters. */
    int nocase;			/* 0 for case sensitive, 1 for insensitive */
{
    Tcl_UniChar ch1, p;
    
    while (1) {
	p = *pattern;
	
	/*
	 * See if we're at the end of both the pattern and the string.  If
	 * so, we succeeded.  If we're at the end of the pattern but not at
	 * the end of the string, we failed.
	 */
	
	if (p == 0) {
	    return (*string == 0);
	}
	if ((*string == 0) && (p != '*')) {
	    return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Check for a "*" as the next pattern character.  It matches any
	 * substring.  We handle this by skipping all the characters up to the
	 * next matching one in the pattern, and then calling ourselves
	 * recursively for each postfix of string, until either we match or we
	 * reach the end of the string.
	 */
	
	if (p == '*') {
	    /*
	     * Skip all successive *'s in the pattern
	     */
	    while (*(++pattern) == '*') {}
	    p = *pattern;
	    if (p == 0) {
		return 1;
	    }
	    if (nocase) {
		p = Tcl_UniCharToLower(p);
	    }
	    while (1) {
		/*
		 * Optimization for matching - cruise through the string
		 * quickly if the next char in the pattern isn't a special
		 * character
		 */
		if ((p != '[') && (p != '?') && (p != '\\')) {
		    if (nocase) {
			while (*string && (p != *string)
				&& (p != Tcl_UniCharToLower(*string))) {
			    string++;
			}
		    } else {
			while (*string && (p != *string)) { string++; }
		    }
		}
		if (Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch(string, pattern, nocase)) {
		    return 1;
		}
		if (*string == 0) {
		    return 0;
		}
		string++;
	    }
	}

	/*
	 * Check for a "?" as the next pattern character.  It matches
	 * any single character.
	 */

	if (p == '?') {
	    pattern++;
	    string++;
	    continue;
	}

	/*
	 * Check for a "[" as the next pattern character.  It is followed
	 * by a list of characters that are acceptable, or by a range
	 * (two characters separated by "-").
	 */
	
	if (p == '[') {
	    Tcl_UniChar startChar, endChar;

	    pattern++;
	    ch1 = (nocase ? Tcl_UniCharToLower(*string) : *string);
	    string++;
	    while (1) {
		if ((*pattern == ']') || (*pattern == 0)) {
		    return 0;
		}
		startChar = (nocase ? Tcl_UniCharToLower(*pattern) : *pattern);
		pattern++;
		if (*pattern == '-') {
		    pattern++;
		    if (*pattern == 0) {
			return 0;
		    }
		    endChar = (nocase ? Tcl_UniCharToLower(*pattern)
			    : *pattern);
		    pattern++;
		    if (((startChar <= ch1) && (ch1 <= endChar))
			    || ((endChar <= ch1) && (ch1 <= startChar))) {
			/*
			 * Matches ranges of form [a-z] or [z-a].
			 */
			break;
		    }
		} else if (startChar == ch1) {
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    while (*pattern != ']') {
		if (*pattern == 0) {
		    pattern--;
		    break;
		}
		pattern++;
	    }
	    pattern++;
	    continue;
	}

	/*
	 * If the next pattern character is '\', just strip off the '\'
	 * so we do exact matching on the character that follows.
	 */

	if (p == '\\') {
	    if (*(++pattern) == '\0') {
		return 0;
	    }
	}

	/*
	 * There's no special character.  Just make sure that the next
	 * bytes of each string match.
	 */

	if (nocase) {
	    if (Tcl_UniCharToLower(*string) != Tcl_UniCharToLower(*pattern)) {
		return 0;
	    }
	} else if (*string != *pattern) {
	    return 0;
	}
	string++;
	pattern++;
    }
}
